JP2008051871A - Automatic focusing device - Google Patents

Automatic focusing device Download PDF

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JP2008051871A
JP2008051871A JP2006225382A JP2006225382A JP2008051871A JP 2008051871 A JP2008051871 A JP 2008051871A JP 2006225382 A JP2006225382 A JP 2006225382A JP 2006225382 A JP2006225382 A JP 2006225382A JP 2008051871 A JP2008051871 A JP 2008051871A
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wobbling
driving
focus
lens
focusing lens
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JP2008051871A5 (en
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Toshiaki Maeda
敏彰 前田
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Nikon Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve responsiveness in automatic focusing by a hill-climbing system. <P>SOLUTION: In the automatic focusing device, wobbling is carried out for detecting a focus evaluation value by driving a focusing lens from an initial position to an infinity side and a proximity side, a driving direction for the focusing lens is determined for searching a focusing position based on an amount of change in focus evaluation value obtained during each drive to the infinity or proximity side, and the focusing position where the focus evaluation value is maximum is searched by driving the focusing lens in the driving direction obtained as the result of the determination. In this case, if the driving direction is not determined in the first wobbling WOB1, second wobbling WOB2 is carried out under a wobbling condition different from a first wobbling condition, and the driving direction is determined in the second wobbling WOB2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は自動焦点調節装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an automatic focusing apparatus.

山登り方式で撮影レンズの自動焦点調節を行う場合に、交換レンズの被写界深度に応じてウォブリング動作時の駆動量を変えるようにした自動焦点調節装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   An automatic focus adjustment device is known in which the amount of drive during a wobbling operation is changed according to the depth of field of an interchangeable lens when performing automatic focus adjustment of a photographic lens by a hill-climbing method (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献としては次のものがある。
特開２００５−２７７７６５号公報 Prior art documents related to the invention of this application include the following.
JP 2005-277765 A

しかしながら、上述した従来の自動焦点調節装置では、交換レンズごとに設定された駆動量でウォブリング動作を行っても、合焦位置が存在するレンズの駆動方向を判定できない場合には、合焦位置が存在すると推定した駆動方向へレンズを駆動して山登り探索を実行しているので、推定方向が正しければ容易に合焦できるが、推定方向が間違っている場合にはいったん無限端または至近端までレンズが駆動され、反転して合焦するまでに時間がかかるという問題がある。   However, in the above-described conventional automatic focus adjustment device, if the driving direction of the lens where the in-focus position exists cannot be determined even if the wobbling operation is performed with the driving amount set for each interchangeable lens, the in-focus position is determined. Since the hill-climbing search is executed by driving the lens in the estimated driving direction, it is easy to focus if the estimated direction is correct. There is a problem that it takes time until the lens is driven and reversed to focus.

（１） 請求項１の発明は、フォーカシングレンズを初期位置から無限側と至近側へ駆動して焦点評価値を検出するウォブリングを行い、無限側と至近側への各駆動時の焦点評価値の変化量に基づいて合焦位置を探索するためのフォーカシングレンズの駆動方向を判定し、判定結果の駆動方向へフォーカシングレンズを駆動して焦点評価値が最大となる合焦位置を探索する際に、１回目のウォブリングで駆動方向を判定できなかった場合には、１回目のウォブリング条件と異なるウォブリング条件で２回目のウォブリングを行い、この２回目のウォブリングで駆動方向を判定する。
（２） 請求項２の自動焦点調節装置は、ウォブリング条件をフォーカシングレンズの初期位置から無限側と至近側への駆動量とし、２回目のウォブリング時の駆動量を１回目のウォブリング時の駆動量よりも大きい値としたものである。
（３） 請求項３の自動焦点調節装置は、ウォブリング条件をウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズの初期位置とし、２回目のウォブリング時の初期位置を１回目のウォブリング時の初期位置と異なる位置としたものである。
（４） 請求項４の自動焦点調節装置は、フォーカシングレンズが駆動範囲内の所定の領域にある場合に、１回目と２回目のウォブリング時の初期位置を異なる位置としたものである。
（５） 請求項５の自動焦点調節装置は、所定の領域を、フォーカシングレンズの無限側駆動端の近傍領域および至近側駆動端の近傍領域としたものである。 (1) The invention of claim 1 performs wobbling to detect the focus evaluation value by driving the focusing lens from the initial position to the infinity side and the close side, and to determine the focus evaluation value at the time of driving to the infinity side and the close side. When determining the driving direction of the focusing lens for searching the in-focus position based on the amount of change, and driving the focusing lens in the driving direction of the determination result to search for the in-focus position where the focus evaluation value is maximized, When the driving direction cannot be determined by the first wobbling, the second wobbling is performed under a wobbling condition different from the first wobbling condition, and the driving direction is determined by the second wobbling.
(2) In the automatic focusing apparatus according to claim 2, the wobbling condition is a driving amount from the initial position of the focusing lens to the infinity side and the close side, and the driving amount at the second wobbling is the driving amount at the first wobbling. It is set to a larger value.
(3) In the automatic focusing device according to claim 3, the wobbling condition is the initial position of the focusing lens at the time of wobbling, and the initial position at the second wobbling is different from the initial position at the first wobbling. is there.
(4) In the automatic focus adjustment apparatus according to the fourth aspect, when the focusing lens is in a predetermined region within the driving range, the initial position during the first and second wobbling is set to a different position.
(5) In the automatic focus adjustment apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the predetermined areas are a vicinity area of the infinite driving end and a vicinity area of the closest driving end of the focusing lens.

本発明によれば、山登り方式の自動焦点調節における応答性を向上させることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the responsiveness in the hill-climbing type automatic focus adjustment can be improved.

本発明の自動焦点調節装置をデジタルスチルカメラに適用した一実施の形態を説明する。なお、本発明の自動焦点調節装置はデジタルスチルカメラに限定されず、デジタルビデオカメラなど、山登り方式で撮影レンズの自動焦点調節を行うすべての装置に適用することができる。   An embodiment in which the automatic focusing apparatus of the present invention is applied to a digital still camera will be described. The automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention is not limited to a digital still camera, and can be applied to all devices that perform automatic focus adjustment of a taking lens by a hill-climbing method, such as a digital video camera.

撮影レンズ１は焦点調節を行うためのフォーカシングレンズ２を備えており、撮像素子３の受光面に被写体像を結像する。撮像素子３は被写体像の光強度に応じた画像信号を出力する。アナログ信号処理回路４は不図示の相関二重サンプリングを行うＣＤＳ回路、画像信号のレベル調整を行うＡＧＣ回路、明るさ信号と色信号を分離する色分離回路などを備えており、撮像素子３の画像信号に対して各種の画像処理を施す。Ａ／Ｄコンバーター５は、各種の画像処理が施されたアナログ画像信号をデジタル画像信号に変換する。デジタル処理回路６は不図示のγ補正回路、輝度信号および色差信号生成回路などを備え、デジタル画像信号に対して各種画像処理を施す。レンズ駆動回路７はフォーカシングレンズ２を駆動して撮影レンズ１の焦点調節を行う。   The photographing lens 1 includes a focusing lens 2 for performing focus adjustment, and forms a subject image on the light receiving surface of the image sensor 3. The image sensor 3 outputs an image signal corresponding to the light intensity of the subject image. The analog signal processing circuit 4 includes a CDS circuit that performs correlated double sampling (not shown), an AGC circuit that adjusts the level of an image signal, a color separation circuit that separates a brightness signal and a color signal, and the like. Various image processing is performed on the image signal. The A / D converter 5 converts an analog image signal that has been subjected to various types of image processing into a digital image signal. The digital processing circuit 6 includes a γ correction circuit (not shown), a luminance signal and color difference signal generation circuit, and the like, and performs various image processing on the digital image signal. The lens driving circuit 7 drives the focusing lens 2 to adjust the focus of the photographing lens 1.

コントローラー８はＣＰＵ８ａ、メモリ８ｂなどを備え、マイクロコンピューターのソフトウエアによりＡＥ制御、ＡＦ制御、ＡＷＢ制御、シーケンス制御などを実行する。ＡＥ演算では画像信号に基づいて露出値を演算し、露出制御を行う。また、ＡＦ制御では山登り方式で撮影レンズ１の焦点調節を行う。すなわち、フォーカシングレンズ２を所定量ずつ駆動しながら画像信号に基づいて撮影レンズ１の焦点調節状態を表す焦点評価値（コントラスト情報）を演算し、焦点評価値が最大となる位置すなわち合焦位置へ到達するまでフォーカシングレンズ２の駆動制御を行う。さらに、ＡＷＢ制御では画像信号に基づいてホワイトバランス調整用ゲインの設定を行う。   The controller 8 includes a CPU 8a, a memory 8b, and the like, and executes AE control, AF control, AWB control, sequence control, and the like by microcomputer software. In the AE calculation, an exposure value is calculated based on the image signal, and exposure control is performed. In AF control, the focus of the photographic lens 1 is adjusted by a hill climbing method. That is, a focus evaluation value (contrast information) representing the focus adjustment state of the photographing lens 1 is calculated based on the image signal while driving the focusing lens 2 by a predetermined amount, and the focus evaluation value is maximized, that is, a focus position. The driving control of the focusing lens 2 is performed until it reaches. Further, in the AWB control, a white balance adjustment gain is set based on the image signal.

ここで、山登り方式の自動焦点調節（ＡＦ）におけるウォブリングについて説明する。上述したように、山登り方式ＡＦではフォーカシングレンズ２を所定量ずつ駆動しながら焦点評価値を算出し、焦点評価値が最大となる合焦位置を探索する。このとき、フォーカシングレンズ２を初期位置から至近側と無限側に微少量ずつ交互に１回または複数回駆動し、焦点評価値が増大する駆動方向すなわち合焦位置が存在する駆動方向を判定する、いわゆるウォブリングを行う。   Here, wobbling in hill-climbing automatic focusing (AF) will be described. As described above, in the hill-climbing AF, the focus evaluation value is calculated while driving the focusing lens 2 by a predetermined amount, and the focus position where the focus evaluation value is maximized is searched. At this time, the focusing lens 2 is driven minutely alternately one or more times from the initial position to the near side and the infinity side to determine the driving direction in which the focus evaluation value increases, that is, the driving direction in which the in-focus position exists. So-called wobbling is performed.

図２にウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズ２の動きを示す。図において、縦軸はフォーカシングレンズ２の位置、横軸は時間を表し、Ｐ０はウォブリング開始前のフォーカシングレンズ２の初期位置である。このウォブリング例では、フォーカシングレンズ２を初期位置Ｐ０から無限側（＋側とする）と至近側（−側とする）へそれぞれΔｘずつ駆動する。この駆動量Δｘが大きいと、デジタルスチルカメラやデジタルビデオカメラのディスプレイに表示されるスルー画像がぼけてしまう。また、デジタルビデオカメラでは記録画像がぼけてしまう。したがって、ウォブリング時の駆動量Δｘはスルー画像がぼけないように被写界深度内とする。駆動量Δｘは、撮影レンズ１の絞りＦｎと許容錯乱円径ｄにより次式で算出される。
Δｘ＝ｄ・Ｆｎ ・・・（１） FIG. 2 shows the movement of the focusing lens 2 during wobbling. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the position of the focusing lens 2, the horizontal axis represents time, and P0 is the initial position of the focusing lens 2 before the start of wobbling. In this wobbling example, the focusing lens 2 is driven by Δx from the initial position P0 toward the infinite side (supposed to the + side) and the closest side (to the negative side). When the driving amount Δx is large, a through image displayed on a display of a digital still camera or a digital video camera is blurred. Also, recorded images are blurred with a digital video camera. Therefore, the driving amount Δx during wobbling is set within the depth of field so that the through image is not blurred. The driving amount Δx is calculated by the following equation based on the aperture Fn of the photographing lens 1 and the allowable confusion circle diameter d.
Δx = d · Fn (1)

このウォブリングを１回または複数回実行し、初期位置Ｐ０、無限側に＋Δｘだけ駆動した位置、および至近側に−Δｘだけ駆動した位置で焦点評価値を検出し、初期位置Ｐ０から無限側へ＋Δｘだけ駆動した場合の焦点評価値の増加量と、初期位置Ｐ０から至近側へ−Δｘだけ駆動した場合の焦点評価値の増加量とを比較し、増加量が大きい方向に合焦位置が存在すると判定し、フォーカシングレンズ２の駆動方向すなわち“山登り方向”に決定する。なお、フォーカシングレンズ２の駆動により焦点評価値が減少することもあり、その場合は増加量をマイナスで表す。   This wobbling is executed once or a plurality of times, and focus evaluation values are detected at the initial position P0, the position driven by + Δx on the infinite side, and the position driven by −Δx on the closest side, and + Δx from the initial position P0 to the infinite side The amount of increase in the focus evaluation value when only the driving is performed is compared with the amount of increase in the focus evaluation value when driving from the initial position P0 toward the closest side by −Δx. The determination is made and the driving direction of the focusing lens 2, that is, the “mountain climbing direction” is determined. Note that the focus evaluation value may decrease due to the driving of the focusing lens 2, and in this case, the increase amount is represented by minus.

従来の自動焦点調節装置では、ウォブリングにより山登り方向を決定できなかった場合に、予め設定した方向とするか、あるいは未探索領域の広い方向としていた。ところが、こうすると駆動方向に合焦位置がなかった場合には、フォーカシングレンズ２の駆動端まで到達した後、改めて逆方向に駆動して合焦位置を探すことになり、焦点調節に時間がかかる上に、スルー画像と記録画像が大きくぼけてしまう。   In the conventional automatic focus adjustment apparatus, when the mountain climbing direction cannot be determined by wobbling, the direction is set in advance or the direction in which the unsearched area is wide is set. However, if there is no in-focus position in the driving direction in this way, after reaching the driving end of the focusing lens 2, it will be driven in the reverse direction again to find the in-focus position, and it takes time to adjust the focus. In addition, the through image and the recorded image are greatly blurred.

そこで、この一実施の形態では、１回目のウォブリングで山登り方向を決定できなかった場合には、１回目と異なるウォブリング条件で２回目のウォブリングを実行する。図３に一実施の形態のウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズ２の動きを示す。図において、縦軸はフォーカシングレンズ２の位置、横軸は時間を表し、Ｐ０はウォブリング開始前のフォーカシングレンズ２の初期位置である。１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１では、フォーカシングレンズ２を初期位置Ｐ０から無限側（＋側とする）と至近側（−側とする）へそれぞれ駆動量Δｘずつ駆動する。この駆動量Δｘは上記（１）式で算出した駆動量であり、スルー画像と記録画像がぼけない程度の被写界深度内としたものである。   Therefore, in this embodiment, when the mountain climbing direction cannot be determined by the first wobbling, the second wobbling is executed under a wobbling condition different from the first wobbling. FIG. 3 shows the movement of the focusing lens 2 during wobbling according to an embodiment. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the position of the focusing lens 2, the horizontal axis represents time, and P0 is the initial position of the focusing lens 2 before the start of wobbling. In the first wobbling WOB1, the focusing lens 2 is driven by an amount of drive Δx from the initial position P0 toward the infinity side (referred to as + side) and the closest side (referred to as − side). This drive amount Δx is the drive amount calculated by the above equation (1), and is within the depth of field that does not blur the through image and the recorded image.

１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１において、初期位置Ｐ０、無限側に＋Δｘだけ駆動した位置、および至近側に−Δｘだけ駆動した位置でそれぞれ焦点評価値を検出し、初期位置Ｐ０から無限側へ＋Δｘだけ駆動した場合の焦点評価値の増加量と、初期位置Ｐ０から至近側へ−Δｘだけ駆動した場合の焦点評価値の増加量とを比較する。この増加量の差が判定基準値以上の場合は、増加量が＋値でかつ大きい方向を山登り方向に決定する。なお、判定基準値には、一方が他方よりも焦点評価値の増加が明らかに大きいと判断できる適当な値を設定する。   In the first wobbling WOB1, focus evaluation values are detected at the initial position P0, the position driven by + Δx on the infinite side, and the position driven by −Δx on the closest side, and driven by + Δx from the initial position P0 to the infinite side. The amount of increase in the focus evaluation value in this case is compared with the amount of increase in the focus evaluation value when driven by −Δx from the initial position P0 to the closest side. When the difference between the increase amounts is equal to or greater than the determination reference value, a direction in which the increase amount is a positive value and is large is determined as a mountain climbing direction. It should be noted that an appropriate value is set for the determination reference value so that one can determine that the increase in the focus evaluation value is clearly greater than the other.

１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１において焦点評価値の増加量の差が判定基準値未満で山登り方向を決定できない場合には、１回目のウォブリング条件と異なるウォブリング条件で２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２を実行する。この２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２では、駆動時の中心位置は１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１と同じ初期位置Ｐ０とし、駆動量Δｘ’を１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１の駆動量Δｘよりも大きな値とする（Δｘ’＞Δｘ）。１回目の駆動量Δｘは上記（１）式によりスルー画像と記録画像がぼけない程度の被写界深度内としたが、２回目の駆動量Δｘ’は被写界深度を超える値にする。   If the difference in the amount of increase in the focus evaluation value is less than the determination reference value in the first wobbling WOB1, the second wobbling WOB2 is executed under a wobbling condition different from the first wobbling condition. In the second wobbling WOB2, the center position at the time of driving is set to the same initial position P0 as that of the first wobbling WOB1, and the driving amount Δx ′ is larger than the driving amount Δx of the first wobbling WOB1 (Δx ′> Δx). The first drive amount Δx is set to a depth of field that does not blur the through image and the recorded image according to the above formula (1), but the second drive amount Δx ′ is set to a value that exceeds the depth of field.

したがって、２回目のウォブリング実行中にはスルー画像、記録画像がぼけることになるが、もともと１回目のウォブリングでは山登り方向が決定できないほどぼけた状態であるから、例えば２回目の駆動量Δｘ’を１回目の駆動量Δｘの２倍程度としても、スルー画像と記録画像のボケ具合は１回目のウォブリング実行時と大きく変わらない。従来の自動焦点調節装置では、ウォブリングにより山登り方向を決定できなかった場合に、予め設定した方向か、または未探索領域の広い方向を山登り方向として合焦位置の探索を開始するので、スルー画像と記録画像が大きくぼけた状態が長く続くが、１回目の駆動量よりも大きな駆動量で２回目のウォブリングを実行して山登り方向を短時間に検出できるのであれば、２回目のウォブリング時の短時間のスルー画像と記録画像のボケは充分に容認できるものである。   Accordingly, while the through image and the recorded image are blurred during the second wobbling, the hill climbing direction cannot be determined by the first wobbling, so the second driving amount Δx ′ is set, for example. Even if the driving amount Δx is about twice as large as that of the first time, the degree of blur between the through image and the recorded image is not significantly different from that at the time of the first wobbling. In the conventional automatic focus adjustment device, when the hill-climbing direction cannot be determined by wobbling, the search for the in-focus position starts with the direction set in advance or the wide direction of the unsearched area as the hill-climbing direction. If the recorded image is greatly blurred for a long time, if the second wobbling can be executed with a driving amount larger than the first driving amount and the hill climbing direction can be detected in a short time, the second wobbling is short. The blur of time-through image and recorded image is well tolerated.

２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２において、初期位置Ｐ０、無限側に＋Δｘ’だけ駆動した位置、および至近側に−Δｘ’だけ駆動した位置でそれぞれ焦点評価値を検出し、初期位置Ｐ０から無限側へ＋Δｘ’だけ駆動した場合の焦点評価値の増加量と、初期位置Ｐ０から至近側へ−Δｘ’だけ駆動した場合の焦点評価値の増加量とを比較する。この増加量の差が上記判定基準値以上の場合は、増加量が＋値でかつ大きい方向を山登り方向に決定する。   In the second wobbling WOB2, focus evaluation values are detected at the initial position P0, the position driven by + Δx ′ on the infinite side, and the position driven by −Δx ′ on the closest side, and + Δx ′ from the initial position P0 to the infinite side. The amount of increase in the focus evaluation value when only driving is compared with the amount of increase in the focus evaluation value when driving by −Δx ′ from the initial position P0 to the closest side. When the difference in the increase amount is equal to or greater than the determination reference value, a direction in which the increase amount is a positive value and is large is determined as a mountain climbing direction.

図４は一実施の形態の焦点調節プログラムを示すフローチャートである。コントローラー８のＣＰＵ８ａは、シャッターボタン（不図示）の半押し操作があったとき、または所定値以上の焦点評価値の変化があったときに、この焦点調節プログラムを実行する。   FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a focus adjustment program according to an embodiment. The CPU 8a of the controller 8 executes this focus adjustment program when the shutter button (not shown) is half-pressed or when the focus evaluation value changes more than a predetermined value.

ステップ１において、フォーカシングレンズ２の現在位置を初期位置Ｐ０とし、初期位置Ｐ０を中心に駆動量±Δｘとするウォブリング条件でフォーカシングレンズ２の１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１を実行し、上述した方法で山登り方向を検出する。続くステップ２で１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１で山登り方向が判明したか否かを確認し、山登り方向が判明した場合はステップ３へ進み、判明しなかった場合はステップ４へ進む。   In Step 1, the first wobbling WOB1 of the focusing lens 2 is executed under the wobbling condition in which the current position of the focusing lens 2 is the initial position P0 and the driving amount is ± Δx around the initial position P0. Is detected. In the next step 2, it is confirmed whether or not the hill-climbing direction is found in the first wobbling WOB1, and if the hill-climbing direction is found, the process proceeds to step 3, and if not, the process proceeds to step 4.

１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１で山登り方向が判明しなかった場合は、ステップ４で１回目のウォブリング条件と異なる条件、すなわち異なる駆動量で２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２を実行し、ふたたび上述した方法で山登り方向を検出する。続くステップ５で２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２で山登り方向が判明したか否かを確認し、山登り方向が判明した場合はステップ３へ進み、判明しなかった場合はステップ６へ進む。   If the hill-climbing direction is not found in the first wobbling WOB1, the second wobbling WOB2 is executed in step 4 under different conditions from the first wobbling condition, that is, with different driving amounts, and the hill-climbing direction is again determined by the method described above. To detect. In subsequent step 5, it is confirmed whether or not the hill-climbing direction is found in the second wobbling WOB2. If the hill-climbing direction is found, the process proceeds to step 3. If not, the process proceeds to step 6.

１日目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１でも２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２でも山登り方向が判明しなかった場合は、ステップ６で従来の山登り探索を行う。つまり、予め設定した方向または未探索領域の広い方向を山登り方向とし、合焦位置の山登り探索を行う。   If neither the first wobbling WOB1 nor the second wobbling WOB2 reveals the hill-climbing direction, a conventional hill-climbing search is performed in step 6. In other words, the hill-climbing search for the in-focus position is performed using a preset direction or a wide direction of the unsearched area as a hill-climbing direction.

１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１で山登り方向が判明した場合、あるいは１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１では山登り方向が判明しなかったが２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２で判明した場合は、ステップ３でフォーカシングレンズ２の位置が合焦位置近傍にあるか否かを判別する。合焦位置近傍にある場合はステップ７へ進み、合焦位置駆動処理を行う。一方、合焦位置近傍にない場合はステップ８へ進み、１回目または２回目のウォブリングにより決定した山登り方向へフォーカシングレンズ２を駆動し、合焦位置の山登り探索を行う。   If the hill-climbing direction is found in the first wobbling WOB1, or if the hill-climbing direction is not found in the first wobbling WOB1, but is found in the second wobbling WOB2, the position of the focusing lens 2 is focused in step 3 It is determined whether or not it is in the vicinity of the position. If it is in the vicinity of the in-focus position, the process proceeds to step 7 to perform the in-focus position driving process. On the other hand, if it is not in the vicinity of the in-focus position, the process proceeds to step 8 to drive the focusing lens 2 in the hill-climbing direction determined by the first or second wobbling and perform a hill-climbing search for the in-focus position.

《一実施の形態の変形例》
上述した一実施の形態では、２回目のウォブリング条件を、１回目と同じ駆動中心位置（初期位置）Ｐ０で駆動量を大きくする例（Δｘ’＞Δｘ）を示したが、２回目の駆動量Δｘ’を１回目の駆動量Δｘと同じ量とし（Δｘ’＝Δｘ）、２回目の駆動中心位置（初期位置）を１回目の駆動中心位置Ｐ０と異なる位置Ｐ１へ移動するようにしてもよい。この場合、１回目から２回目への駆動中心位置の移動方向は、予め設定した所定方向または未探索領域が広い方向とする。あるいは、１回目の駆動中心位置Ｐ０、ズーミングレンズ（不図示）の位置、被写体輝度などに基づいて合焦位置が存在する確率が高い方向を推定し、推定方向とする。なお、駆動中心位置（初期位置）の移動量（Ｐ０→Ｐ１）は、１回目の駆動量Δｘの２倍程度とするのが望ましい。 << Modification of Embodiment >>
In the above-described embodiment, an example (Δx ′> Δx) in which the driving amount is increased at the same driving center position (initial position) P0 as that in the first time (Δx ′> Δx) is shown as the second wobbling condition. Δx ′ may be the same as the first driving amount Δx (Δx ′ = Δx), and the second driving center position (initial position) may be moved to a position P1 different from the first driving center position P0. . In this case, the moving direction of the drive center position from the first time to the second time is set to a predetermined direction set in advance or a direction in which the unsearched area is wide. Alternatively, based on the first drive center position P0, the position of a zooming lens (not shown), the subject luminance, and the like, a direction with a high probability that the in-focus position exists is estimated and set as the estimated direction. Note that the movement amount (P0 → P1) of the drive center position (initial position) is preferably about twice the first drive amount Δx.

また、２回目のウォブリング条件では、駆動中心位置（初期位置）と駆動量の両方を変更してもよい。すなわち、図５に示すように、１回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ１の中心位置Ｐ０から、上述したように所定方向または未探索領域が広い方向、あるいは合焦位置ＪＰが存在する確率が高い推定方向（至近側）へ、１回目の駆動量Δｘの２倍の駆動量２・Δｘだけ移動した位置Ｐ１とする。さらに、２回目の駆動量Δｘ’を１回目の駆動量Δｘより大きい量、例えば２倍の駆動量２・Δｘとする。   In the second wobbling condition, both the drive center position (initial position) and the drive amount may be changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, from the center position P0 of the first wobbling WOB1, as described above, a predetermined direction or a direction in which the unsearched area is wide, or an estimated direction with a high probability of the in-focus position JP (closest side) ) To a position P1 moved by a driving amount 2 · Δx that is twice the first driving amount Δx. Further, the second drive amount Δx ′ is set to an amount larger than the first drive amount Δx, for example, a double drive amount 2 · Δx.

このように、一実施の形態によれば、１回目のウォブリングにおいて山登り方向を判別できない場合には、１回目とウォブリング条件を変更して２回目のウォブリングを行うことによって、山登り探索実行中のスルー画像および記録画像におけるボケ量を撮影者が不自然に感じない程度まで低減しながら、合焦位置が存在する山登り方向を確実に検出でき、最小の駆動量で撮影レンズを素早く合焦させることができる。   As described above, according to the embodiment, when the hill-climbing direction cannot be determined in the first wobbling, by changing the wobbling condition for the first time and performing the second wobbling, a through climbing search is being executed. While reducing the amount of blur in images and recorded images to the extent that the photographer does not feel unnatural, it is possible to reliably detect the hill-climbing direction where the in-focus position exists, and to quickly focus the photographic lens with the minimum drive amount it can.

《フォーカシングレンズ２の駆動端近傍におけるウォブリング》
フォーカシングレンズ２は、レンズ駆動機構（不図示）の至近側駆動端から無限側駆動端までの駆動範囲内においてレンズ駆動回路７により駆動される。フォーカシングレンズ２が至近側駆動端または無限側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合には、上述したウォブリング動作に制約が生じる。 << Wobbling near the driving end of the focusing lens 2 >>
The focusing lens 2 is driven by a lens driving circuit 7 within a driving range from a closest driving end to an infinite driving end of a lens driving mechanism (not shown). When the focusing lens 2 is in the vicinity of the closest drive end or the infinite drive end, the wobbling operation described above is restricted.

図６は、フォーカシングレンズ位置が無限側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合のウォブリング方法を示す図である。このような場合に、フォーカシングレンズ２の初期位置Ｐ０を駆動中心位置としてウォブリングを実行しようとすると、初期位置Ｐ０から無限側駆動端までの距離Δｙがウォブリング駆動量Δｘより小さいため、初期位置Ｐ０から無限側へ駆動量＋Δｘだけ駆動できない。そこで、駆動中心位置を、初期位置Ｐ０から至近側へΔｚ（＝Δｘ−Δｙ）だけ移動した位置Ｐ２とする。   FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a wobbling method when the focusing lens position is in the vicinity of the infinite drive end. In such a case, when trying to execute wobbling with the initial position P0 of the focusing lens 2 as the drive center position, the distance Δy from the initial position P0 to the infinite drive end is smaller than the wobbling drive amount Δx. It cannot be driven to the infinite side by the drive amount + Δx. Therefore, the drive center position is set to a position P2 that is moved from the initial position P0 toward the closest side by Δz (= Δx−Δy).

ウォブリング開始後、フォーカシングレンズ２を現在位置Ｐ０から無限側駆動端まで駆動し、次に、無限側駆動端から至近側へウォブリング駆動量Δｘだけ駆動し、新しい駆動中心位置Ｐ２まで移動する。さらに、位置Ｐ２から至近側へ駆動量Δｘだけ駆動し、次に無限側に駆動量Δｘだけ駆動して位置Ｐ２へ戻る。これにより、ウォブリング開始前にフォーカシングレンズ２が無限側駆動端の近傍領域にあっても、ウォブリング時の駆動中心位置を至近側へ変更することによって所定の駆動量でウォブリングを実行することができる。   After the start of wobbling, the focusing lens 2 is driven from the current position P0 to the infinite drive end, then driven from the infinite drive end to the closest side by the wobbling drive amount Δx, and moved to a new drive center position P2. Further, it is driven by the driving amount Δx from the position P2 to the closest side, and then is driven by the driving amount Δx to the infinite side and returns to the position P2. Thus, even when the focusing lens 2 is in the vicinity of the infinite drive end before the start of wobbling, the wobbling can be executed with a predetermined drive amount by changing the drive center position during wobbling to the closest side.

なお、この無限側駆動端近傍領域でのウォブリング方法は、上述した駆動量を大きくした２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２においても同様に実行でき、１回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置（初期位置）と２回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置は異なる位置となる。   The wobbling method in the region near the infinite drive end can be similarly executed in the second wobbling WOB2 in which the driving amount is increased as described above, and the driving center position (initial position) of the first wobbling and the second wobbling can be performed. The wobbling drive center position is different.

図７はフォーカシングレンズ位置が至近側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合のウォブリング方法を示す図である。このような場合に、フォーカシングレンズ２の初期位置Ｐ０を駆動中心位置としてウォブリングを実行しようとすると、初期位置Ｐ０から至近側駆動端までの距離Δｙがウォブリング駆動量Δｘより小さいため、初期位置Ｐ０から至近側へ駆動量＋Δｘだけ駆動できない。そこで、駆動中心位置を、初期位置Ｐ０から無限側へΔｚ（＝Δｘ−Δｙ）だけ移動した位置Ｐ２とする。   FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a wobbling method in a case where the focusing lens position is in the vicinity of the closest drive end. In such a case, if wobbling is to be executed with the initial position P0 of the focusing lens 2 as the drive center position, the distance Δy from the initial position P0 to the closest drive end is smaller than the wobbling drive amount Δx. The drive amount + Δx cannot be driven to the closest side. Therefore, the drive center position is set to a position P2 that is moved from the initial position P0 to the infinity side by Δz (= Δx−Δy).

ウォブリング開始後、フォーカシングレンズ２を初期位置Ｐ０から無限側へ駆動量（Δｘ＋Δｚ）だけ駆動し、次に至近側へ駆動量Δｘだけ駆動し、新しい駆動中心位置Ｐ２まで移動する。さらに、位置Ｐ２から至近側へ駆動量Δｘだけ駆動し、次に無限側に駆動量Δｘだけ駆動して位置Ｐ２へ戻る。これにより、ウォブリング開始前にフォーカシングレンズ２が至近側駆動端の近傍領域にあっても、ウォブリング時の駆動中心位置を無限側へ変更することによって所定の駆動量でウォブリングを実行することができる。   After starting wobbling, the focusing lens 2 is driven from the initial position P0 to the infinite side by the drive amount (Δx + Δz), and then driven to the closest side by the drive amount Δx, and moved to the new drive center position P2. Further, it is driven by the driving amount Δx from the position P2 to the closest side, and then is driven by the driving amount Δx to the infinite side and returns to the position P2. Thus, even when the focusing lens 2 is in the vicinity of the closest drive end before the start of wobbling, the wobbling can be executed with a predetermined drive amount by changing the drive center position during wobbling to the infinite side.

なお、この至近側駆動端近傍領域でのウォブリング方法は、上述した駆動量を大きくした２回目のウォブリングＷＯＢ２においても同様に実行でき、１回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置（初期位置）と２回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置は異なる位置となる。   Note that the wobbling method in the vicinity of the closest drive end can be similarly executed in the second wobbling WOB2 in which the driving amount is increased, and the driving center position (initial position) of the first wobbling and the second wobbling WOB2. The wobbling drive center position is different.

なお、上述した一実施の形態とその変形例では、ウォブリング時にフォーカシングレンズを最初に無限側に駆動し、次に至近側に駆動する例を示したが、最初に至近側へ駆動し、次に無限側に駆動しても構わない。   In the above-described embodiment and its modification, an example in which the focusing lens is first driven to the infinity side and then to the closest side during wobbling has been shown. You may drive to the infinite side.

また、上述した一実施の形態とその変形例では、ウォブリング時のレンズ駆動について、フォーカシングレンズの停止状態で焦点評価値の取得を行う間欠駆動による例を示したが、フォーカシングレンズを動かしつつ焦点評価値を取得する連続駆動によりウォブリング時のレンズ駆動を行ってもよい。   In the above-described embodiment and its modification, the lens driving during wobbling has been described as an example of intermittent driving in which the focus evaluation value is acquired while the focusing lens is stopped. However, focus evaluation is performed while moving the focusing lens. You may drive the lens at the time of wobbling by the continuous drive which acquires a value.

さらに、上述した一実施の形態の変形例では、フォーカシングレンズが無限側駆動端と至近側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合に、１回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置（初期位置）と２回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置が異なる例を示したが、これ以外にもフォーカシングレンズの駆動範囲内の特定の領域では１回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置（初期位置）と２回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置とを異なる位置としてもよい。例えばマクロ領域や遠景領域ではフォーカシングレンズの移動量に対する像面の移動量が急激に変化するので、このような領域にある場合には像面移動量の差が大きくならないように、１回目と２回目のウォブリングの駆動中心位置を変えてもよい。   Furthermore, in the above-described modification of the embodiment, when the focusing lens is in the vicinity of the infinite driving end and the closest driving end, the driving center position (initial position) of the first wobbling and the second wobbling are performed. In this example, the driving center position of the first wobbling (initial position) and the driving center position of the second wobbling are set in a specific region within the driving range of the focusing lens. It is good also as a different position. For example, in the macro area and the distant view area, the amount of movement of the image plane with respect to the amount of movement of the focusing lens changes abruptly. The drive center position of the second wobbling may be changed.

このように、一実施の形態によれば、フォーカシングレンズを初期位置から無限側と至近側へ駆動して焦点評価値を検出するウォブリングを行い、無限側と至近側への各駆動時の焦点評価値の変化量に基づいて合焦位置を探索するためのフォーカシングレンズの駆動方向を判定し、判定結果の駆動方向へフォーカシングレンズを駆動して焦点評価値が最大となる合焦位置を探索する際に、１回目のウォブリングで駆動方向を判定できなかった場合には、１回目のウォブリング条件と異なるウォブリング条件で２回目のウォブリングを行い、この２回目のウォブリングで駆動方向を判定するようにしたので、山登り探索実行中のスルー画像および記録画像におけるボケ量を低減しながら合焦位置が存在する山登り方向を確実に検出でき、山登り方式の自動焦点調節における応答性を向上させることができる。   As described above, according to the embodiment, the focusing lens is driven from the initial position to the infinity side and the close side to detect the focus evaluation value, and the focus evaluation at each drive to the infinity side and the close side is performed. When determining the driving direction of the focusing lens for searching for the in-focus position based on the change amount of the value, and driving the focusing lens in the driving direction of the determination result to search for the in-focus position where the focus evaluation value is maximized If the driving direction could not be determined by the first wobbling, the second wobbling was performed under a wobbling condition different from the first wobbling condition, and the driving direction was determined by the second wobbling. The hill-climbing direction where the in-focus position exists can be reliably detected while reducing the amount of blur in the through image and recorded image during hill-climbing search execution. It is possible to improve the responsiveness in the automatic focusing of the formula.

また、一実施の形態によれば、ウォブリング条件をフォーカシングレンズの初期位置から無限側と至近側への駆動量とし、２回目のウォブリング時の駆動量を１回目のウォブリング時の駆動量よりも大きい値としたので、山登り探索実行中のスルー画像および記録画像におけるボケ量を低減しながら合焦位置が存在する山登り方向を確実に検出でき、最小の駆動量で撮影レンズを素早く合焦させることができる。   According to one embodiment, the wobbling condition is a driving amount from the initial position of the focusing lens to the infinity side and the closest side, and the driving amount at the second wobbling is larger than the driving amount at the first wobbling. Therefore, it is possible to reliably detect the hill-climbing direction where the in-focus position exists while reducing the amount of blur in the through image and recorded image during hill-climbing search execution, and to quickly focus the taking lens with the minimum driving amount. it can.

さらに、一実施の形態の変形例によれば、ウォブリング条件をウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズの初期位置とし、２回目のウォブリング時の初期位置を１回目のウォブリング時の初期位置と異なる位置としたので、山登り探索実行中のスルー画像および記録画像におけるボケ量を低減しながら合焦位置が存在する山登り方向を確実に検出でき、最小の駆動量で撮影レンズを素早く合焦させることができる。   Furthermore, according to the modification of the embodiment, the wobbling condition is the initial position of the focusing lens at the time of wobbling, and the initial position at the time of the second wobbling is set to a position different from the initial position at the time of the first wobbling. The hill-climbing direction where the in-focus position exists can be reliably detected while reducing the amount of blur in the through image and the recorded image during the hill-climbing search execution, and the photographing lens can be quickly focused with the minimum driving amount.

さらにまた、一実施の形態の変形例によれば、フォーカシングレンズが駆動範囲内の所定の領域、例えばフォーカシングレンズの無限側駆動端の近傍領域および至近側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合に、１回目と２回目のウォブリング時の初期位置を異なる位置としたので、ウォブリング開始前にフォーカシングレンズが無限側駆動端または至近側駆動端の近傍領域にあっても、ウォブリング時の駆動中心位置を至近側または無限側へ変更することによって所定の駆動量でウォブリングを実行することができる。   Furthermore, according to a modification of the embodiment, when the focusing lens is in a predetermined region within the driving range, for example, in the region near the infinite driving end and the region near the closest driving end of the focusing lens, 1 Since the initial position for the second and second wobbling is set to a different position, even if the focusing lens is in the region near the infinite drive end or the closest drive end before starting wobbling, the drive center position during wobbling is closer Alternatively, the wobbling can be executed with a predetermined driving amount by changing to the infinite side.

一実施の形態の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of one embodiment ウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズの動きを示す図Diagram showing the movement of the focusing lens during wobbling ウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズの動きを示す図Diagram showing the movement of the focusing lens during wobbling 一実施の形態の焦点調節プログラムを示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows the focus adjustment program of one Embodiment ウォブリング時のフォーカシングレンズの駆動中心位置を変更する図Changing the drive center position of the focusing lens during wobbling ウォブリング開始前のフォーカシングレンズが無限側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合のウォブリング方法を説明するための図The figure for demonstrating the wobbling method in case the focusing lens before a wobbling start exists in the area | region near an infinite drive end ウォブリング開始前のフォーカシングレンズが至近側駆動端の近傍領域にある場合のウォブリング方法を説明するための図The figure for demonstrating the wobbling method in case the focusing lens before a wobbling start exists in the vicinity area | region of the near side drive end

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 撮影レンズ
２ フォーカシングレンズ
３ 撮像素子
７ レンズ駆動回路
８ コントローラー
８ａ ＣＰＵ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shooting lens 2 Focusing lens 3 Image pick-up element 7 Lens drive circuit 8 Controller 8a CPU

Claims (5)

撮影レンズにより結像した被写体像を受光して画像信号を出力する撮像手段と、
前記画像信号に基づいて前記撮影レンズの焦点調節状態を表す焦点評価値を検出する焦点評価値検出手段と、
前記撮影レンズのフォーカシングレンズを前記撮影レンズの光軸方向に駆動して前記撮影レンズの焦点調節を行うレンズ駆動手段と、
前記フォーカシングレンズを初期位置から無限側と至近側へ駆動して前記焦点評価値を検出するウォブリングを行い、無限側と至近側への各駆動時の焦点評価値の変化量に基づいて合焦位置を探索するための前記フォーカシングレンズの駆動方向を判定する方向判定手段と、
判定結果の前記駆動方向へ前記フォーカシングレンズを駆動して前記焦点評価値が最大となる合焦位置を探索する合焦位置探索手段とを備えた自動焦点調節装置であって、
前記方向判定手段は、１回目のウォブリングで前記駆動方向を判定できなかった場合には、１回目のウォブリング条件と異なるウォブリング条件で２回目のウォブリングを行い、この２回目のウォブリングで前記駆動方向を判定することを特徴とする自動焦点調節装置。 Imaging means for receiving a subject image formed by a photographing lens and outputting an image signal;
A focus evaluation value detecting means for detecting a focus evaluation value representing a focus adjustment state of the photographing lens based on the image signal;
Lens driving means for adjusting the focus of the photographic lens by driving the focusing lens of the photographic lens in the optical axis direction of the photographic lens;
The focusing lens is driven from the initial position to the infinity side and the close side to perform the wobbling to detect the focus evaluation value, and the focus position is based on the amount of change in the focus evaluation value at the time of driving to the infinity side and the close side. Direction determining means for determining the driving direction of the focusing lens for searching for
An automatic focus adjustment device comprising: a focus position searching unit that drives the focusing lens in the drive direction of the determination result to search for a focus position where the focus evaluation value is maximized;
When the driving direction cannot be determined by the first wobbling, the direction determining means performs a second wobbling under a wobbling condition different from the first wobbling condition, and the driving direction is determined by the second wobbling. An automatic focusing apparatus characterized by determining. 請求項１に記載の自動焦点調節装置において、
前記ウォブリング条件は前記フォーカシングレンズの初期位置から無限側と至近側への駆動量であり、２回目のウォブリング時の駆動量を１回目のウォブリング時の駆動量よりも大きい値とすることを特徴とする自動焦点調節装置。 The automatic focusing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The wobbling condition is a driving amount from the initial position of the focusing lens to the infinity side and the closest side, and the driving amount at the second wobbling is set to a value larger than the driving amount at the first wobbling. Automatic focusing device to do. 請求項１に記載の自動焦点調節装置において、
前記ウォブリング条件はウォブリング時の前記フォーカシングレンズの初期位置であり、２回目のウォブリング時の初期位置を１回目のウォブリング時の初期位置と異なる位置とすることを特徴とする自動焦点調節装置。 The automatic focusing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The wobbling condition is an initial position of the focusing lens at the time of wobbling, and the initial position at the second wobbling is set to a position different from the initial position at the first wobbling. 請求項３に記載の自動焦点調節装置において、
前記フォーカシングレンズが駆動範囲内の所定の領域にある場合に、１回目と２回目のウォブリング時の初期位置を異なる位置とすることを特徴とする自動焦点調節装置。 The automatic focusing apparatus according to claim 3,
An automatic focus adjustment device characterized in that when the focusing lens is in a predetermined region within a driving range, the initial position during the first and second wobbling is set to a different position. 請求項４に記載の自動焦点調節装置において、
前記所定の領域は、前記フォーカシングレンズの無限側駆動端の近傍領域および至近側駆動端の近傍領域であることを特徴とする自動焦点調節装置。 The automatic focusing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
The automatic focusing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined region is a region near the infinite drive end of the focusing lens and a region near the close drive end.
JP2006225382A 2006-08-22 2006-08-22 Automatic focusing device Pending JP2008051871A (en)

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