JP2007209303A - Cultivation method of pleurotus nebrodensis - Google Patents
Cultivation method of pleurotus nebrodensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、白色で肉厚の食用きのこであるバイリングの短期栽培方法、および効率的で省資源的な栽培方法に関する。
ヒラタケ属の食用きのこ「バイリング（白霊茸、Bailinggu）」の学名は、海外ではPleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Queletとされているが、国内ではエリンギPleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.)Quel.の変種とされることもある。また、商品名としては「白霊茸（ハクレイタケ）」や「雪嶺茸（ユキレイタケ）」などと呼ばれている。学名として必ずしも統一されていないため、本明細書では上記名称で示されるきのこを総じて「バイリング」と呼ぶ。
The present invention relates to a short-term cultivation method for a biling, which is a white and thick edible mushroom, and an efficient and resource-saving cultivation method.
The scientific name of the oyster mushroom edible mushroom “Bailinggu” is Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Quelet overseas, but it is a variant of Elingi Pleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.) Quel. Sometimes it is said. In addition, the product name is called “Hakureitake” or “Yukireitake”. Since the scientific names are not necessarily unified, the mushrooms indicated by the above names are collectively referred to as “biling” in this specification.
バイリングは、栽培容器として栽培ビンや栽培袋を用いた菌床栽培によって生産されている。バイリングは国内生産が始まって間もないため、栽培法が未だ確立されていない状況であるが、現在の一般的な栽培方法は以下のとおりである。 The biling is produced by fungal bed cultivation using cultivation bottles and cultivation bags as cultivation containers. Since domestic production has just started, the cultivation method has not yet been established, but the current general cultivation method is as follows.
（１）スギおがくず、米ぬか、ふすま等からなる混合培地に種菌を接種する。
（２）相対湿度７０〜７５％、温度約２０℃で、約４５日間培養して、栽培容器内に菌糸体を蔓延させる（「１次培養」あるいは「菌糸培養」という）。
（３）次いで、５〜１０℃の低温にて約４５日間の培養を行う（「低温処理」あるいは「低温培養」という）。かかる低温処理は、菌まわり段階後の菌糸体の熟成工程であり、発芽可能な熟成菌糸体が得られる。
（４）良好な原基形成のため菌掻きを行う。その後、湿度９０〜９５％、温度１４〜１６℃に管理された芽出し室にて約１５日間の発芽工程（子実体の形成）を経た後、幼子実体の芽かき（いわゆる間引き）作業を行う。この段階では１００ルックス（ｌｕｘ）で１時間／日程度の光照射を行う。
（５）それから、湿度７０〜８０％、温度１４〜１６℃の生育室にて１０日間ほど子実体の生育を行う。この段階では３００ルックス（ｌｕｘ）で２時間／日程度の光照射を行う。傘径が６〜１２ｃｍに成長した時点で収穫する。
(1) Inoculate the mixed medium consisting of cedar sawdust, rice bran, bran, etc.
(2) Culturing for about 45 days at a relative humidity of 70 to 75% and a temperature of about 20 ° C. to spread the mycelium in the cultivation container (referred to as “primary culture” or “mycelial culture”).
(3) Next, culture is performed at a low temperature of 5 to 10 ° C. for about 45 days (referred to as “low temperature treatment” or “low temperature culture”). Such low-temperature treatment is a aging process of the mycelium after the stage of the fungus, and an aged mycelium capable of germination is obtained.
(4) Bacteria scraping for good primordium formation. Thereafter, after a germination process (formation of fruiting bodies) for about 15 days in a germination room controlled at a humidity of 90 to 95% and a temperature of 14 to 16 ° C., the seedlings of the larvae (so-called thinning) are performed. At this stage, light irradiation is performed at 100 lux for about 1 hour / day.
(5) Then, the fruiting bodies are grown for about 10 days in a growth room having a humidity of 70 to 80% and a temperature of 14 to 16 ° C. At this stage, light irradiation is performed at 300 lux for about 2 hours / day. Harvest when the umbrella diameter grows to 6-12 cm.
上記のとおりバイリングの栽培においては、１次培養に４５日間、低温処理に４５日間、すなわち培養期間として計９０日間、発芽（子実体の形成）に１５日間、生育に１０日間を要しており、栽培期間が合計１１５日となる。従って、１年間の培養サイクルが３回転となることから生産性が悪いことが指摘されており、栽培期間を短縮して栽培容器の回転効率を高める必要があった。全栽培工程の中でも培養工程は９０日の長期間である。培養工程の中でも、特に低温処理の工程は培養室を５〜１０℃の低温に保持する必要があるため、コスト高の大きな要因でもあり、従って、培養期間の短縮、特に低温処理を短縮乃至省略できる栽培方法の提供が要望されていた。 As described above, in the cultivation of biling, 45 days are required for primary culture, 45 days for low-temperature treatment, that is, 90 days in total as a culture period, 15 days for germination (formation of fruiting bodies), and 10 days for growth. The cultivation period is 115 days in total. Therefore, it has been pointed out that productivity is poor because the culture cycle of one year is 3 rotations, and it is necessary to shorten the cultivation period and increase the rotation efficiency of the cultivation container. Among all the cultivation processes, the cultivation process is a long period of 90 days. Among the culturing processes, especially the low-temperature treatment step is necessary to keep the culturing chamber at a low temperature of 5 to 10 ° C., which is a major factor in cost. Therefore, shortening the culture period, especially shortening or omitting the low-temperature treatment. There has been a demand for providing a cultivation method that can be used.
特許文献１は、熟成期間の種菌を植菌することによって熟成期間を短縮できるきのこの栽培方法を提唱している。しかしながら、かかる文献において実質的な対象はバイリングとは別種の「ブナシメジ（シロタモギタケ）」であり、しかもバイリングの場合は通常のきのこ栽培には見られない特殊な低温処理が必要なので、本方法をそのままバイリングに適用して同様の効果が奏されるか否かは全く予想できない。 Patent document 1 has proposed the cultivation method of the mushroom which can shorten a ripening period by inoculating the inoculum of a ripening period. However, in this document, the substantial target is "Bunashimeji (Shirotamogitake)", which is a different type from the biling. In addition, the biling requires a special low-temperature treatment that is not found in normal mushroom cultivation. It cannot be predicted at all whether the same effect will be achieved if the method is applied to the biling as it is.
一方、栽培きのこ全般に共通している事象であるが、芽出しが悪くなったり、収量性の低下や品質の劣化が起こり商品価値を失う場合がある。そこで、安定した収量を確保すべく発芽不良や発芽率の低下した培地の収量減を最小限にするなど、生産性を向上させる工夫が常に要求されている。発芽不良や発芽率の低下した培地中には熟成菌糸体が生き残っているものの、現在は利用性がないとして廃棄処分されている。
また、バイリングに関しては、傘が大きくて柄の太い大型の子実体が消費者に好まれ、商品価値が高い。従って、そうしたものを生産するために、密生して発芽した幼子実体のなかで有望な茎を残し他は切り取る「芽かき」が一般的であり、間引かれた幼子実体は廃棄されているのが現状である。
In addition, with regard to the biling, large fruit bodies with large umbrellas and thick patterns are preferred by consumers, and the product value is high. Therefore, in order to produce such products, it is common to leave a promising stem among the densely germinated larvae, and cut out the others, and the thinned babies are discarded. Is the current situation.
本発明は、培養期間、中でも菌糸体熟成のための低温処理期間を大幅に短縮乃至省略し、栽培サイクルを短縮化して生産性を高めることができるバイリングの短期栽培方法、並びに、発芽不良すなわち発芽不能又は発芽率の低下した培養基の収量性を改善でき、収穫歩留まりを向上させて収量の向上を図ることのできるバイリングの効率的な栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention significantly shortens or omits the culture period, especially the low temperature treatment period for mycelium ripening, shortens the cultivation cycle and enhances productivity, and poor germination, It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient cultivation method of a biling that can improve the yield of a culture medium that cannot germinate or has a reduced germination rate, and can improve the yield by increasing the yield of harvest.
本発明者らは、熟成菌糸体を別の栽培容器内の蔓延状態の菌糸体に接合（融合とも言う）させることによって一次培養および低温処理からなる培養期間の短縮、とりわけ低温処理（熟成）期間を大幅に短縮乃至省略できること、並びに、間引いた幼子実体を発芽不良の菌床に移植することによって幼子実体を正常に生育させ、且つ発芽不良の菌床（培地）を有効利用できることを見出し、本発明の完成に至った。 The present inventors shortened the culture period consisting of primary culture and low-temperature treatment by joining the mature mycelium to the infested mycelium in another cultivation container (in particular, fusion), in particular, the low-temperature treatment (ripening) period. Has been found to be greatly shortened or omitted, and by transplanting the thinned fruit body to a poorly germinated fungus bed, the fruit body can be grown normally and the germination poorly germinated bed (medium) can be used effectively. The invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、バイリングの菌床栽培において、種菌を接種し培養によって栽培容器内に蔓延させた状態の蔓延菌糸体からなる菌床表面に、別途培養され低温処理されて熟成状態に至った熟成菌糸体を移植して両菌糸体同士を接合させて発芽させ、子実体を育成することを特徴とするバイリングの短期栽培方法である。 That is, the present invention, in the cultivation of the bed of the fungus bed, cultivated separately by culturing separately on the surface of the mycelium consisting of the infectious mycelium inoculated with the inoculum and cultivated in the cultivation container by culturing. It is a short-term cultivation method of a biling characterized by transplanting matured mycelium, joining both myceliums to germinate them, and growing fruit bodies.
また、本発明は、バイリングの菌床栽培において、種菌を接種して培養し低温処理によって得られる熟成状態の菌糸体からなる菌床表面に、別の培養によって形成された幼子実体を移植し当該幼子実体を生育させることを特徴とするバイリングの栽培方法である。 Further, the present invention is a method for transplanting a larvae formed by another culture on the surface of a mycelium consisting of a matured mycelium obtained by inoculating and inoculating a seed fungus and culturing by incubating the seed fungus in a fungus bed culture of biling. It is a cultivation method of the billing characterized by making the said fruit body grow.
また、本発明は、バイリングの菌床栽培において、種菌を接種して培養し低温処理によって得られる熟成状態の菌糸体からなる発芽不良の菌床表面に、別の培養によって正常に形成された幼子実体を移植し当該幼子実体を生育させることを特徴とするバイリングの栽培方法である。 In addition, the present invention, in the cultivation of the bed of fungus bed, was normally formed by another culture on the surface of poorly germinated mycelium consisting of a mycelium in a mature state obtained by inoculating and inoculating the inoculum, and by low-temperature treatment A biling cultivation method characterized by transplanting a juvenile entity and growing the infant entity.
さらに、本発明は、バイリングの菌床栽培において、種菌を接種して培養し低温処理によって得られる熟成状態の菌糸体からなる発芽不良の菌床を、幼子実体を生育させるための養分供給源として使用することを特徴とするバイリングの栽培方法である。 Furthermore, the present invention provides a nutrient supply source for growing a fruiting body of a poorly germinated mycelium consisting of a mature mycelium obtained by inoculating and inoculating a seed fungus and culturing by inoculation with a seedling. It is a cultivation method of a billing characterized by using as.
本発明は、以下の効果を奏する。
（１）培養期間を短縮することにより栽培サイクルを短縮することができる。すなわち、第１に移植先の１次培養（菌糸体蔓延）のための期間について、従来は４５日を要しているが、それを３１日〜３５日に短縮可能である。第２に、従来は４５日を要していた低温処理（熟成）期間を移植後は９日〜１５日（１／５〜１／３）に大幅に短縮、或いは省略できる。こうした短期栽培によって、従来の年間３回の栽培回数を年間５回に増加することができ、生産性を顕著に高めることができるので効率的である。また、低温処理に必要な電気エネルギーコストを大幅に低減できる。
（２）バイリングは幼子実体を間引くのが通常であり、従来は間引かれて廃棄されている幼子実体を有効利用することができるので効率的であり省資源的である。
（３）従来、発芽不良の菌床（培地）はそのまま廃棄されてきた。しかし、生き残っている熟成菌糸体に間引かれた幼子実体を移植することで、幼子実体生育の養分補給源として有効利用できるので効率的であり省資源的である。
The present invention has the following effects.
(1) The cultivation cycle can be shortened by shortening the culture period. That is, firstly, the period for the primary culture (mycelium infestation) of the transplant destination conventionally requires 45 days, but it can be shortened to 31 days to 35 days. Secondly, the low-temperature treatment (ripening) period, which conventionally required 45 days, can be greatly shortened or omitted to 9 to 15 days (1/5 to 1/3) after transplantation. Such short-term cultivation is efficient because the conventional three times of cultivation can be increased to five times a year and productivity can be remarkably increased. Moreover, the electric energy cost required for low-temperature processing can be significantly reduced.
(2) In the case of biling, it is usual to thin out the infant entity, and conventionally, the infant entity that has been thinned out and discarded can be used effectively, and is efficient and resource-saving.
(3) Conventionally, a germination bed (medium) with poor germination has been discarded as it is. However, transplanting the thinned fruit bodies into the surviving mature mycelium allows efficient use as a nutrient replenishment source for growing the fruit bodies, which is efficient and resource saving.
（１）熟成菌糸体の菌床表面への移植
図１に基づいて説明する。
栽培ビン(10)に種菌を接種し、１次培養に続き低温処理して熟成した状態の菌糸体(11)を得る。次いで、熟成菌糸体(11)の上部に位置する種菌(12)を掻き落す菌掻きを行って熟成菌糸体(11)を露呈させ、熟成菌糸体(12)の全部又は一部(13)を切り取る。
一方、別の栽培ビン(14)を用い、これに種菌を接種し１次培養して菌糸体をビン(14)内に蔓延させた状態の菌糸体(15)を得ておく。次いで、蔓延菌糸体(15)を露呈するためその上部の種菌を掻き取る。
次いで、前記切り取った熟成菌糸体(13)を、蔓延菌糸体(15)からなる菌床表面に移植（植え継ぎ）する。
(1) Transplantation of mature mycelium onto mycelium surface The explanation will be made with reference to FIG.
The cultivation bottle (10) is inoculated with the inoculum, and the mycelium (11) in an aged state is obtained by low-temperature treatment following the primary culture. Next, scraping off the inoculum (12) located on the upper part of the aged mycelium (11), scraping off the aged mycelium (11) to expose all or a part (13) of the aged mycelium (12) cut out.
On the other hand, another cultivation bottle (14) is used, inoculated with an inoculum, and subjected to primary culture to obtain a mycelium (15) in which the mycelium is spread in the bottle (14). Next, the inoculum on the upper part is scraped off to expose the invading mycelium (15).
Next, the cut out matured mycelium (13) is transplanted (planted) to the surface of the mycelium composed of the infested mycelium (15).
移植先の栽培ビン(14)において、低温処理を兼ねた活着期間、すなわち蔓延菌糸体(15)と熟成菌糸体(13)の両菌糸体同士を接合させる期間、を経過した後、栽培ビン(14)を発芽工程に移行させると、正常に発芽し子実体が成長する。詳しくは、移植した熟成菌糸体(13)から発芽し、蔓延菌糸体(15)は発芽および子実体が成長するために必要な養分供給源として機能するのである。そして、活着期間の経過により、移植したものが下部培地とより接合が良くなるので収量、形質の向上につながるのである。 In the cultivation bin (14) of the transplant destination, after the lapse of the survival period also serving as a low-temperature treatment, that is, the period in which both mycelia of the spread mycelium (15) and the mature mycelium (13) are joined, the cultivation bin ( When 14) is transferred to the germination step, germination will normally occur and fruit bodies will grow. Specifically, germination occurs from the transplanted mature mycelium (13), and the spread mycelium (15) functions as a nutrient source necessary for germination and growth of fruiting bodies. Then, with the passage of the survival period, the transplanted one becomes better joined to the lower medium, leading to improved yield and character.
移植を受ける蔓延菌糸体は、従来法における４５日又はそれ以下の期間の１次培養で得られたものを使用することができる。
移植する熟成菌糸体は、低温処理が終了したもの、１次培養開始時から７０日以上経過したものが活着が良いので好ましい。
As the invading mycelium to be transplanted, those obtained by primary culture for 45 days or less in the conventional method can be used.
The mature mycelium to be transplanted is preferably one that has been subjected to low-temperature treatment, and that has passed 70 days or more since the start of primary culture, since it is well-established.
（２）幼子実体の菌床表面への移植
バイリングの栽培においては、おがくず等を主体とする培地素材に米ぬか等の必要な栄養素を添加し、水分調整をしたものを常法により殺菌釜で殺菌し、接種、培養を行う。１次培養期間４５日を経過した後、低温処理を４５日間施し、発芽（芽出し）工程に移行して通常１５日間の発芽期間を要する。この発芽工程の１０日目には発芽の良し悪しを確認することができる。この時、発芽不良、すなわち発芽率が低下したり、発芽しない栽培ビンの発生を確認できる。
(2) Transplanting the larvae onto the fungus bed surface In the cultivation of bilings, the necessary nutrients such as rice bran are added to the medium material, mainly sawdust, and the water is adjusted in a conventional sterilization pot. Sterilize, inoculate and culture. After the primary culture period of 45 days has passed, low temperature treatment is applied for 45 days, and the germination (emergence) step is taken to normally require a germination period of 15 days. Good or bad germination can be confirmed on the 10th day of this germination step. At this time, it is possible to confirm the occurrence of poor germination, that is, the occurrence of cultivation bottles in which the germination rate decreases or does not germinate.
この発芽不良ビンを使用して幼子実体の移植を行うのである。すなわち、図２に示すように、別の栽培ビン(20)で得られた正常に発芽した培地上の幼子実体(22)を下部培養基の部分から切り取り、その切り取った幼子実体(23)を不発芽ビン(24)内の熟成菌糸体(25)からなる菌床上に移植する。これにより幼子実体(23)と熟成菌糸体(25)とが接合し、幼子実体(23)は熟成菌糸体(25)から養分供給を受けてそのまま成長する。熟成菌糸体(25)は発芽に関しては不良ではあるが、子実体生育のための養分供給源として機能し続けるのである。
これにより栽培上の障害から起こりうる収量低下や、品質劣化を改善して、歩留まりを向上させて効率的な栽培を継続することができる。
This poorly germinated bottle is used to transplant the infant body. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a juvenile body (22) on a normal germination medium obtained in another cultivation bottle (20) was cut out from the lower culture medium part, and the cut off baby body body (23) was not removed. It is transplanted onto the mycelium consisting of the mature mycelium (25) in the germination bottle (24). As a result, the juvenile body (23) and the mature mycelium (25) are joined, and the juvenile body (23) grows as it is by receiving nutrient supply from the mature mycelium (25). The mature mycelium (25) is poor in germination but continues to function as a nutrient source for fruiting body growth.
As a result, it is possible to improve yield reduction and quality deterioration that can occur from cultivation obstacles, improve yield, and continue efficient cultivation.
さらに、前記熟成菌糸体の菌床表面への移植と幼子実体の菌床表面への移植との組み合わせ、すなわち、菌糸体の移植を行って培養期間を短縮し、その後に子実体を移植することにより、１次培養期間の短縮および低温処理工程の短縮乃至省略と同時に、生育不良による収量減を軽減する栽培法が可能となる。 Furthermore, a combination of the transplantation of the mature mycelium to the surface of the mycelium and the transplantation of the larval body to the surface of the mycelium, that is, the mycelium is transplanted to shorten the culture period, and then transplant the fruiting body. As a result, a cultivation method for reducing yield reduction due to poor growth can be achieved simultaneously with shortening of the primary culture period and shortening or omission of the low-temperature treatment step.
子実体の移植において、発芽能力に欠ける菌床（培養物）であっても、移植した子実体の菌糸体がその能力を伴っていれば、菌床中の熟成菌糸体と子実体下部の菌糸体同士とを接合（融合）することにより、発芽工程での発芽誘導及び養分供給のそれぞれの役割を互いに補完することが可能であり、本発明方法により栽培を継続し、ロスを少なくした効率的、省資源的なバイリングの生育が可能となる。 Even if the mycelium of the transplanted fruiting body is accompanied by that ability even if the mycelium lacks germination ability in transplanting the fruiting body, the matured mycelium in the fungus bed and the mycelium below the fruiting body By joining (fusing) the bodies together, it is possible to complement the roles of germination induction and nutrient supply in the germination process, and the cultivation according to the method of the present invention is continued and the loss is reduced efficiently. This makes it possible to grow resource-saving bikes.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は実施例の記載に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the description of the examples.
〔実施例１：熟成菌糸体の移植<１>〕
（１）試験に供した菌系
試験菌系は、京都菌類研究所（所在地：京都府京都市山科区御陵平林町１−５５）が保有するバイリング菌株「ＫＭＩ−ＫＰＥ−６」を供試した。なお、この菌株は、現在、中野市農業協同組合が栽培し、市場に出荷しているバイリングと同一株である。
[Example 1: Transplantation of mature mycelium <1>]
(1) Bacterial strain used for the test The test fungal strain used was the test strain “KMI-KPE-6” possessed by the Kyoto Fungal Research Institute (location: 1-55 Onirhirabayashi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto). did. In addition, this strain is the same strain as the billing currently cultivated by Nakano City Agricultural Cooperative and shipped to the market.
（２）培地基材の調製
すぎおがくず４５ｇ、米ぬか１００ｇ、特ふすま５０ｇを混合したものを培地とし、これを含水率６５％に調整した後、ポリプロピレン製栽培ビン（容量８００ｃｃ、５２口径）に５２０ｇずつ充填して滅菌（温度１２１℃、３０分間）した後、無菌室にて放冷して培地基材を調製した。
(2) Preparation of medium base material A mixture of 45 g of excessive sawdust, 100 g of rice bran, and 50 g of special bran is used as a medium, and after adjusting this to a moisture content of 65%, it is 520 g in a polypropylene cultivation bottle (capacity 800 cc, 52 caliber). Each was filled and sterilized (temperature 121 ° C., 30 minutes), and then allowed to cool in a sterile room to prepare a medium substrate.
（３）種菌および培養
上記バイリング菌株を栽培ビンＡの培地基材に接種した。
１次培養（菌糸体の蔓延）は温度が２０℃、湿度が６０〜７０％に設定された培養室にて行い、菌糸体を栽培ビン内に蔓延させた。
３５日間の１次培養を行った後、移植に備えて、蔓延菌糸体の上部にある接種した種菌をいわゆるブッカキ法にて全て掻き取り、蔓延菌糸体を露呈させた。
(3) Inoculum and culture The above-mentioned biling strain was inoculated on the culture medium of cultivation bottle A.
The primary culture (infestation of mycelium) was performed in a culture room set to a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 70% to spread the mycelium in the cultivation bottle.
After the primary culture for 35 days, in preparation for transplantation, all the inoculated inoculum on the upper part of the infecting mycelium was scraped off by the so-called buckle method to expose the infecting mycelium.
（４）熟成菌糸体の移植
栽培ビンＡとは別途に、同様の菌株、培地基材を使い、栽培ビンＢにて１次培養を行い、さらに低温処理（処理温度：５〜１０℃）を行って培養齢１２１日の発芽可能な熟成菌糸体を得た。
移植に備えて栽培ビンＢ内の熟成菌糸体上部の種菌を掻き取り、熟成菌糸体を露呈させた。その熟成菌糸体を一部切り取って、これを前記栽培ビンＡの蔓延菌糸体からなる菌床表面に移植した。
蔓延菌糸体と熟成菌糸体とを接合させるための猶予期間である「活着期間」として１５日間、２５日間、３５日間の３区を設定した。
栽培ビンＡを低温処理用培養室（温度５〜１０℃）に入れて、それぞれの期間を経過させた（試験例１〜３）。
(4) Transplantation of mature mycelium Separately from cultivation bin A, using the same strain and medium base material, primary cultivation is performed in cultivation bin B, and further low temperature treatment (treatment temperature: 5 to 10 ° C.) A mature mycelium capable of germinating at a culture age of 121 days was obtained.
In preparation for transplantation, the inoculum in the upper part of the aged mycelium in the cultivation bottle B was scraped off to expose the aged mycelium. A part of the mature mycelium was cut out and transplanted to the surface of the mycelium consisting of the infested mycelium of the cultivation bin A.
Three periods of 15 days, 25 days, and 35 days were set as the “establishment period”, which is a grace period for joining the invading mycelium and the mature mycelium.
The cultivation bottle A was put into the culture room for low-temperature treatment (temperature 5-10 degreeC), and each period was passed (Test Examples 1-3).
（５）発芽および生育
移植した栽培ビンＡをその後１５日間、温度１５℃、相対湿度９５％に設定した芽出し室の中に入れて発芽させた。
さらに１０日間、温度１５℃、相対湿度８０％に設定した生育室の中に栽培ビンＡを入れて生育させ、子実体を収穫した。
また、比較のために３５日間の１次培養を経た後、熟成菌糸体の移植を行わず、低温処理を１５日間、２５日間、３５日間行ったものを対照とした（対照例１〜３）。
(5) Germination and growth The transplanted cultivation bottle A was then allowed to germinate for 15 days in a germination chamber set at a temperature of 15 ° C. and a relative humidity of 95%.
Further, the cultivation bottle A was put in a growth room set at a temperature of 15 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80% for 10 days to grow, and fruit bodies were harvested.
In addition, for comparison, after undergoing primary culture for 35 days, transplantation of mature mycelium was not performed, and low temperature treatment was performed for 15 days, 25 days, and 35 days as controls (Control Examples 1 to 3). .
どの試験区においても、通常の４５日間よりも短期間の低温処理を行った対照例１〜３では発芽せず生育もできなかった。
一方、熟成菌糸体を移植して接合させた試験例１〜３については、１次培養が従来（４５日）よりも１０日短い３５日間で、しかも低温処理が従来（４５日）に比べ大幅に短期間（１５〜３５日）であるにもかかわらず高い確率で発芽し、その後の生育も通常の栽培工程と同じ１０日間で生育を完了し収穫することができた。
品質は従来法により栽培されたバイリングと同等のＡ規格品であった。また、試食したところ味覚も従来品と差異は無かった。
In any of the test plots, Control Examples 1 to 3 which were subjected to low-temperature treatment for a shorter time than the normal 45 days did not germinate and grow.
On the other hand, in Test Examples 1 to 3 in which matured mycelia were transplanted and joined, the primary culture was 35 days shorter than the conventional (45 days), and the low temperature treatment was significantly larger than the conventional (45 days). In spite of its short period (15 to 35 days), it germinated at a high probability, and the subsequent growth was able to be completed and harvested in the same 10 days as the normal cultivation process.
The quality was an A standard product equivalent to a biling cultivated by the conventional method. In addition, when tasted, the taste was not different from the conventional product.
〔実施例２：熟成菌糸体の移植<２>〕
実施例１と同様のバイリング菌株と培地基材を使用した。
種菌を接種後、栽培ビンＣを１次培養（３１日間）した後、接種種菌を掻き取って蔓延菌糸体を露呈した。
一方、別の栽培ビンＤにて１次培養し低温処理（処理温度５〜１０℃）を行って培養齢８７日の発芽可能な熟成菌糸体を得た。次いで、この熟成菌糸体の上部にある種菌を掻き取り熟成菌糸体を露呈させた。最後に、栽培ビンＤの熟成菌糸体を切り取り、それを栽培ビンＣの蔓延菌糸体からなる菌床表面に移植した。
実施例１と同様に、活着期間（蔓延菌糸体と熟成菌糸体を接合させる猶予期間）として、低温処理の培養室で９日間経過させた。その後、実施例１と同様に発芽および生育を行った。
[Example 2: Transplantation of mature mycelium <2>]
The same billing strain and medium substrate as in Example 1 were used.
After inoculation with the inoculum, the cultivation bottle C was subjected to primary culture (31 days), and then the inoculum was scraped to reveal the spread mycelium.
On the other hand, primary cultivation was performed in another cultivation bottle D, and a low temperature treatment (treatment temperature of 5 to 10 ° C.) was performed to obtain an aged mycelium capable of germinating at 87 days of culture. Subsequently, the inoculum on the upper part of the aged mycelium was scraped off to expose the aged mycelium. Finally, the aged mycelium of the cultivation bin D was cut out and transplanted to the surface of the mycelium comprising the infested mycelium of the cultivation bin C.
As in Example 1, the culturing period (a grace period in which the invading mycelium and the aged mycelium were joined) was allowed to elapse for 9 days in the low-temperature treatment chamber. Thereafter, germination and growth were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
また比較のため、３１日間の１次培養工程を経た後、熟成菌糸体を移植せず低温処理を９日間行ったものを対照例として同様に発芽させ生育した。
対照例では発芽工程においてまったく発芽が見られなかった。
一方、熟成菌糸体を移植した場合は１５日間の発芽工程に付したところ９０％以上の確率で発芽し、その後の生育に関しても、通常の栽培工程と同じ１０日間で生育を完了した。すなわち、１次培養を従来の４５日から３１日に短縮し、また、低温処理も従来の４５日から９日に著しく短縮することができ、培養期間は僅か４０日間であった。
For comparison, after undergoing a primary culture process for 31 days, a matured mycelium was not transplanted and subjected to low-temperature treatment for 9 days.
In the control example, no germination was observed in the germination process.
On the other hand, when the mature mycelium was transplanted, when it was subjected to a germination step for 15 days, it germinated with a probability of 90% or more, and the subsequent growth was completed in the same 10 days as the normal cultivation step. That is, the primary culture was shortened from the conventional 45 days to 31 days, and the low-temperature treatment could be significantly shortened from the conventional 45 days to 9 days, and the culture period was only 40 days.
栽培に要した日数は、培養期間４０日、発芽１５日及び生育１０日であり、これらを合計した栽培期間は６５日となり、従来法による期間（１１５日）のほぼ半分に短縮することができた。
なお栽培ビンＤの移植用熟成菌糸体の形成、すなわち１次培養並びに低温処理は予め行っておくのであり、したがって移植用熟成菌糸体の形成期間は上記栽培期間に算入されていない。
The number of days required for cultivation is a culture period of 40 days, germination of 15 days, and growth of 10 days. The total cultivation period is 65 days, which can be shortened to almost half of the conventional method (115 days). It was.
In addition, the formation of the mature mycelium for transplantation of the cultivation bin D, that is, the primary culture and the low-temperature treatment are performed in advance, and therefore the formation period of the mature mycelium for transplantation is not included in the cultivation period.
〔実施例３：幼子実体の移植〕
実施例１と同様のバイリング菌株、培地基材を使用して培養を行った。培養期間（温度２０℃）４５日を経過した後、低温処理（処理温度５〜１０℃）を４５日間施した。芽出し工程に移行して通常１５日間の発芽期間を要するが、１０日目には発芽の良し悪しを確認することができる。
この時、熟成菌糸体が形成されているにもかかわらず発芽率が低下したり、発芽しないビンの発生を確認できるが、このような発芽不良のビン（以下「不発芽ビン」と言う）を１６本集めた。
[Example 3: Transplantation of infant body]
Culturing was performed using the same billing strain and medium substrate as in Example 1. After 45 days of culture period (
At this time, although the germination rate decreases or the occurrence of non-sprouting bins can be confirmed despite the formation of mature mycelium, such poorly germinating bins (hereinafter referred to as “non-sprouting bins”) Collected 16 bottles.
別の栽培ビン内で正常に発芽した幼子実体の一部を下部培養基の部分から切り取り、不発芽ビンの熟成菌糸体からなる菌床上に移植することにより、幼子実体の菌糸体と不発芽ビン内の熟成菌糸体との接合が確認され、幼子実体はそのまま成長した。接合が１４本で確認され（接合率８８％）、幼子実体はそのまま成長した。
収量を比較するために、対照区として１６本を栽培し、正常な発芽、生育をしたものについて平均収量の算出を行った。
A part of the fruiting body normally germinated in another cultivation bottle is cut out from the part of the lower culture medium and transplanted onto the mycelium consisting of the aged mycelium of the non-sprouting bottle. As a result, the juvenile body grew as it was. Bonding was confirmed with 14 (bonding rate 88%), and the infant body grew as it was.
In order to compare the yield, 16 plants were cultivated as a control group, and the average yield was calculated for those germinated and grown normally.
上記試験結果から、栽培上の障害から起こりうる収量低下や、品質劣化を改善して、歩留まりを向上させて栽培を継続できることが明らかとなった。 From the above test results, it has been clarified that the yield reduction and quality deterioration that can occur due to obstacles in cultivation can be improved, and the yield can be improved to continue cultivation.
１０ 熟成菌糸体の栽培ビン
１１ 熟成菌糸体
１２ 種菌
１３ 切り取った熟成菌糸体
１４ 蔓延菌糸体の栽培ビン
１５ 蔓延菌糸体
２０ 発芽状態の栽培ビン
２１ 熟成菌糸体
２２ 幼子実体
２３ 切り取った幼子実体
２４ 不発芽ビン
２５ 熟成菌糸体
ａ 種菌の菌掻き
ｂ 熟成菌糸体の切り取り
ｃ 切り取った熟成菌糸体の蔓延菌糸体への移植
ｄ 幼子実体の一部切り取り
ｅ 切り取った幼子実体の移植
10 Cultivated Bin of Aged Mycelium 11
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| JP2011110046A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-09 | Ddle A Che Agricultural Co Ltd | New pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae strain and method for culturing the same |
| CN102283018A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-12-21 | 天津建良食用菌科技开发有限公司 | Method for transplanting pleurotus nebrodensis by using fruited mushroom sticks |
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| JP2004201645A (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Neo Prants | Artificial cultivation for mushroom (pleurotus nebrodeusis) |
| JP2007061089A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-03-15 | Hokken Co Ltd | Method for growing shiitake mushroom bed |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009017872A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2009-01-29 | Takara Bio Inc | Mushroom bed cultivation method |
| JP2011110046A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-09 | Ddle A Che Agricultural Co Ltd | New pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae strain and method for culturing the same |
| CN102283018A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-12-21 | 天津建良食用菌科技开发有限公司 | Method for transplanting pleurotus nebrodensis by using fruited mushroom sticks |
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