JP2007111709A - Solid state welding method of metallic member - Google Patents
Solid state welding method of metallic member Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、鉄、チタン等の金属で形成された金属部材同士を固相状態で接合する金属部材の固相接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a solid-phase joining method for metal members in which metal members formed of metal such as iron or titanium are joined in a solid-phase state.
金属部材同士を固相状態で接合するには、金属部材の接合面の酸化皮膜を除去する必要がある。そして、金属部材同士を固相状態で接合する方法の代表的なものとして、鍛接、摩擦圧接、拡散接合が知られている。 In order to join the metal members in a solid phase, it is necessary to remove the oxide film on the joint surfaces of the metal members. As a representative method for joining metal members in a solid phase, forging, friction welding, and diffusion joining are known.
鍛接は、加熱した金属部材同士を大荷重で加圧し、塑性変形で金属部材の接合面の酸化皮膜を破壊すると同時に接合面を密着させて接合する方法であり、熱圧着とも呼ばれている。鍛接では、接合部の変形が非常に大きくなり、また、金属部材全体が加熱されるため、金属部材の元の材料特性が損なわれると共に、異種金属の接合が困難になる不具合がある。 Forged welding is a method in which heated metal members are pressed together with a large load, and the oxide film on the joint surface of the metal member is destroyed by plastic deformation and at the same time the joint surface is brought into close contact, and is also called thermocompression bonding. In forged welding, the deformation of the joint becomes very large, and the entire metal member is heated, so that the original material properties of the metal member are impaired and it is difficult to join dissimilar metals.
摩擦接合は、金属部材同士の相対回転による摩擦を利用して接合面の酸化被膜を取り除き、同時に摩擦熱と加圧力によって接合面を密着させて接合する方法である。摩擦接合では、金属部材の接合部が部分的に加熱されるだけであるため、金属部材の元の材料特性が維持されると共に、異種金属の接合も可能になる利点があるが、接合部の変形が大きく、また、金属部材同士を相対回転させる関係で金属部材の形状が丸物に限定される不具合がある。 Friction welding is a method of removing the oxide film on the joint surface using friction caused by relative rotation between metal members and simultaneously bringing the joint surface into close contact with each other by frictional heat and pressure. Friction welding has the advantage that the original material properties of the metal member are maintained and the dissimilar metal can be joined because the joint of the metal member is only partially heated. There is a problem that the deformation of the metal member is large and the shape of the metal member is limited to a round object due to the relative rotation of the metal members.
拡散接合は、融点以下の高温の温度条件下で、金属部材同士を塑性変形が生じない程度に加圧接触させ、接合面の酸化皮膜を熱で消失させ、接合面間に生ずる原子の拡散を利用して接合する方法である。拡散接合では、接合部の変形を生じず、また、金属部材の形状が限定されない利点がある。然し、従来の拡散接合では、金属部材全体を炉内で高温に加熱しており、鍛接と同様に、金属部材の元の材料特性が損なわれると共に、異種金属の接合が困難になる不具合がある。 In diffusion bonding, metal members are brought into pressure contact with each other under high temperature conditions below the melting point so that plastic deformation does not occur, the oxide film on the bonding surface disappears with heat, and diffusion of atoms occurring between the bonding surfaces is prevented. It is the method of joining using. In diffusion bonding, there is an advantage that the deformation of the bonded portion does not occur and the shape of the metal member is not limited. However, in the conventional diffusion bonding, the entire metal member is heated to a high temperature in the furnace, so that the original material properties of the metal member are impaired and the dissimilar metal is difficult to be bonded as in the forging welding. .
ところで、最近は、マイクロ波により金属を加熱できることが判明している(例えば、特許文献１参照)。マイクロ波は、周波数が３００ＭＨｚ〜３００ＧＨｚ(波長１ｍ〜１ｍｍ)の電磁波の総称であり、そのうち周波数が２０ＧＨｚ〜３００ＧＨｚ(波長１５ｍｍ〜１ｍｍ)の電磁波は特にミリ波と呼ばれる。電子レンジ等で使用する２．４５ＧＨｚのマイクロ波を金属に照射するとアーク放電が発生するが、２８ＧＨｚのミリ波を金属に照射すると、アーク放電を生ずることなく金属が加熱される。 Recently, it has been found that metals can be heated by microwaves (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Microwave is a general term for electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 300 MHz to 300 GHz (wavelength 1 m to 1 mm), and electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 20 GHz to 300 GHz (wavelength 15 mm to 1 mm) are particularly referred to as millimeter waves. When a metal is irradiated with a 2.45 GHz microwave used in a microwave oven or the like, an arc discharge is generated. However, when a metal is irradiated with a 28 GHz millimeter wave, the metal is heated without causing an arc discharge.
ここで、マイクロ波による単位体積当たりの発熱量Ｐは、マイクロ波の周波数をｆ、真空の誘電率をε０、被加熱物の比誘電率、誘電損失角を夫々εｒ、δ、マイクロ波電界の強さをＥとして、
Ｐ＝２πｆε０εｒｔａｎδＥ２ [Ｗ／ｍ３]
で表され、マイクロ波エネルギーが半分に減衰する距離(電力の半減深度)Ｄは、
Ｄ＝３．３２×１０７／(ｆ・εｒ １／２・ｔａｎδ) [ｍ]
で表される。Ｐの式中のε０εｒｔａｎδは材料の誘電損率と呼ばれ、温度と周波数に比例して増加する。そして、発熱量はマイクロ波の周波数に大きく依存し、ミリ波のような高周波数のマイクロ波を用いると、金属の表層部を加熱することが可能になる。
P = 2πfε 0 ε r tan δE 2 [W / m 3 ]
The distance (the half depth of power) D at which the microwave energy is attenuated in half is
D = 3.32 × 10 7 / (f · ε r 1/2 · tan δ) [m]
It is represented by Ε 0 ε r tan δ in the formula of P is called a dielectric loss factor of the material, and increases in proportion to temperature and frequency. The calorific value greatly depends on the frequency of the microwave. When a microwave having a high frequency such as a millimeter wave is used, the metal surface layer can be heated.
本発明は、以上の点に鑑み、マイクロ波を用いて金属部材の接合部分を集中的に加熱し、金属部材全体を高温に加熱せずに金属部材同士を拡散接合できるようにした金属部材の固相接合方法を提供することをその課題としている。 In view of the above points, the present invention provides a metal member in which a joining portion of metal members is intensively heated using a microwave so that the metal members can be diffusion-bonded to each other without heating the entire metal member to a high temperature. The object is to provide a solid-phase bonding method.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、金属部材同士を固相状態で接合する金属部材の固相接合方法において、金属部材同士を塑性変形を生じないように加圧接触させると共に、金属部材を断熱材で覆い、更に、金属部材同士の接合面から所定範囲内の部分を加熱対象部分として、加熱対象部分から外れた断熱材の部分を金属製のカバーにより覆い、この状態でマイクロ波を照射して加熱対象部分を加熱することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a metal member solid-phase joining method in which metal members are joined in a solid-phase state. Cover with a heat insulating material, further cover the part within the specified range from the joint surface between the metal members as the part to be heated, cover the part of the heat insulating material removed from the part to be heated with the metal cover, and irradiate microwaves in this state Then, the heating target portion is heated.
金属部材にマイクロ波(特にミリ波)を照射すると、金属部材がマイクロ波を吸収して発熱するものの、このままでは金属部材からの放熱により然程昇温しない。然し、本発明では、金属部材が断熱材で覆われるため、金属部材からの放熱が抑制され、金属部材が断熱材を透過したマイクロ波の吸収による発熱で昇温する。但し、断熱材を覆う金属製カバーもマイクロ波を吸収するため、加熱対象部分以外の金属部材の部分でのマイクロ波の吸収による発熱が抑制される。従って、マイクロ波の吸収による発熱は加熱対象部分で集中的に行われ、断熱材による放熱防止作用と相俟って、加熱対象部分が効果的に加熱される。そして、マイクロ波は温度が高くなるにつれて吸収されやすくなるため、加熱対象部分たる金属部材の接合面近傍の接合部分の加熱が加速度的に進行する。その結果、金属部材の接合面の酸化皮膜が熱で消失し、金属部材の塑性変形を生じない低荷重下で金属部材同士が拡散接合される。 When a metal member is irradiated with microwaves (especially millimeter waves), the metal member absorbs the microwaves and generates heat, but the temperature does not increase so much due to heat dissipation from the metal member. However, in the present invention, since the metal member is covered with the heat insulating material, heat dissipation from the metal member is suppressed, and the metal member heats up due to heat generated by absorption of microwaves that have passed through the heat insulating material. However, since the metal cover that covers the heat insulating material also absorbs the microwave, heat generation due to the absorption of the microwave in the portion of the metal member other than the portion to be heated is suppressed. Therefore, heat generation due to absorption of microwaves is concentrated in the heating target portion, and the heating target portion is effectively heated in combination with the heat radiation preventing action by the heat insulating material. And since a microwave becomes easy to be absorbed as temperature rises, the heating of the joining part near the joining surface of the metal member which is a heating object part progresses at an accelerated speed. As a result, the oxide film on the joint surface of the metal member disappears by heat, and the metal members are diffusion-bonded under a low load that does not cause plastic deformation of the metal member.
このようにして鉄、チタン、銅といった金属部材同士を接合部分の変形を生ずることなく固相接合でき、変形を修正する後加工が不要になる。また、金属部材全体を加熱するものと異なり、金属部材の元の材料特性が維持されると共に、鉄とチタンのような異種金属の接合も可能になり、更に、摩擦接合と異なり金属部材の形状も限定されない。従って、金属部材同士を接合して形成される種々の製品の製造に本発明を適用できる。 In this manner, metal members such as iron, titanium, and copper can be solid-phase bonded without causing deformation of the bonded portion, and post-processing for correcting the deformation is not necessary. Also, unlike the case of heating the entire metal member, the original material properties of the metal member are maintained, and dissimilar metals such as iron and titanium can be joined. Is not limited. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of various products formed by joining metal members.
尚、上記カバーがマイクロ波の吸収による発熱で昇温すると、カバーがマイクロ波を吸収しやすくなり、効率が悪くなると共に、加熱対象部分以外の金属部材の部分の温度が不必要に上昇してしまう。ここで、カバーの材質を高熱伝導率の金属とすれば、カバーからの放熱量が大きくなり、マイクロ波の吸収による発熱量と同等の熱量が放熱されて、カバーの昇温が防止される。特に、銅やアルミニウムは、熱伝導率が高く、しかも成形が容易で且つ低コストであり、カバーの材質として最適である。 In addition, when the temperature of the cover rises due to heat generated by absorption of microwaves, the cover easily absorbs microwaves, the efficiency is deteriorated, and the temperature of the metal member portion other than the heating target portion is unnecessarily increased. End up. Here, if the cover is made of a metal having a high thermal conductivity, the amount of heat released from the cover is increased, and the amount of heat equivalent to the amount of heat generated by the absorption of microwaves is radiated, thereby preventing the temperature rise of the cover. In particular, copper and aluminum have high thermal conductivity, are easy to mold and are low in cost, and are optimal as a cover material.
図１を参照して、１はマイクロ波加熱炉を示している。加熱炉１内には、別置きのマイクロ波発生器２からのマイクロ波が導波管３を介して照射される。また、加熱炉１内には、ワーク置き台４が設けられると共に、ワーク置き台４の上方にシリンダ５により昇降されるワークプッシャ６が設けられている。尚、加熱炉１は扉７を備えており、扉７を閉じた状態で内部を真空引きできるようになっている。
Referring to FIG. 1,
図２を参照して、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の接合に際しては、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を上下に重ね合わせた状態でワーク置き台４に載置し、ワークプッシャ６を下降させて、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士を塑性変形を生じないように加圧接触させる。具体的には、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士を、後述するマイクロ波による加熱温度下での金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の降伏応力以下の圧力で加圧接触させる。
Referring to FIG. 2, when joining metal members W and W ′, metal members W and W ′ are placed on work placing table 4 in a state where the metal members W and W ′ are superposed on each other, and
尚、下側の金属部材Ｗ´とワーク置き台４との間及び上側の金属部材Ｗとワークプッシャ６との間には、夫々アルミナ製のワークセッタ８を介挿する。これにより、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´からワーク置き台４やワークプッシャ６に熱が逃げることを防止できる。
A
また、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を断熱材９で覆うと共に、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士の接合面から所定範囲内の部分を加熱対象部分Ｗａとして、加熱対象部分Ｗａから外れた断熱材９の部分を金属製のカバー１０により覆う。
Further, the metal members W and W ′ are covered with the
ここで、本実施形態では、断熱材９を、加熱対象部分Ｗａを覆うブロック９ａと、加熱対象部分９ａから外れた上側の金属部材Ｗの部分を覆うカバー１０付きのブロック９ｂと、加熱対象部分Ｗａから外れた下側の金属部材Ｗ´の部分を覆うカバー１０付きのブロック９ｃとに３分割しているが、断熱材９を分割せずに、加熱対象部分Ｗａから外れた断熱材９の部分の外周にカバー１０を装着しても良い。
Here, in the present embodiment, the
尚、断熱材９としては一般的にセラミックスが用いられるが、不純物が含まれていると、不純物がマイクロ波を吸収して発熱し、断熱材９が高温に加熱されてしまう。そのため、断熱材９の材質は高純度セラミックス、例えば９７％以上のアルミナであることが望ましい。
In general, ceramics are used as the
次に、加熱炉１内を真空引きした後、マイクロ波発生器２からのマイクロ波、例えば、２８ＧＨｚのミリ波を加熱炉１内に照射する。これによれば、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´が断熱材９を透過したミリ波を吸収して発熱する。ここで、断熱材９が無いと、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´はそれ自体からの放熱で然程昇温しないが、本実施形態では、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´が断熱材９で覆われるため、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´からの放熱が抑制され、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の温度が上昇する。
Next, after evacuating the inside of the
また、本実施形態では、加熱対象部分Ｗａから外れた断熱材９の部分(ブロック９ｂ，９ｃ)が金属製カバー１０で覆われるため、金属製カバー１０がミリ波を吸収し、加熱対象部分Ｗａ以外の金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の部分でのミリ波の吸収による発熱が抑制される。従って、マイクロ波の吸収による発熱は加熱対象部分Ｗａで集中的に行われ、断熱材９による放熱防止作用と相俟って、加熱対象部分Ｗａが効果的に加熱される。そして、マイクロ波は温度が高くなるにつれて吸収されやすくなるため、加熱対象部分Ｗａたる金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の接合面近傍の接合部分の加熱が加速度的に進行する。
Moreover, in this embodiment, since the part (block 9b, 9c) of the
尚、カバー１０がミリ波の吸収による発熱で昇温すると、カバー１０がマイクロ波を吸収しやすくなり、効率が悪くなると共に、加熱対象部分Ｗａ以外の金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の部分の温度が不必要に上昇してしまう。従って、カバー１０の材質は、その昇温を防止する上で、高熱伝導率の金属であることが望ましく、特に、成形が容易で且つ低コストの銅またはアルミニウムが最適である。以下の実験及び実施例では銅製のカバー１０を用いている。
When the temperature of the
上記の如く加熱対象部分Ｗａが集中的に加熱されることを実証するため、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を夫々鉄製とし、図２に示す状態で２８ＧＨｚのミリ波を照射して金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を加熱する実験を行った。実験では、ミリ波の出力を変化させながら接合面近傍のａ点(接合面からの距離１ｍｍ)と接合面から３０ｍｍ離れたｂ点の温度を夫々熱電対で計測した。実験結果は図３に示す通りであり、ａ点の温度がｂ点の温度に比し著しく高くなった。これにより、金属部材Ｗ、Ｗ´の加熱対象部分Ｗａを集中的に加熱できることが分かる。尚、断熱材９のブロック９ｂ，９ｃのカバー１０を取外した場合には、ｂ点がａ点と同様の温度まで昇温した。
In order to verify that the heating target portion Wa is heated intensively as described above, the metal members W and W ′ are made of iron, and the metal members W and W ′ are irradiated with 28 GHz millimeter waves in the state shown in FIG. An experiment for heating 'was conducted. In the experiment, while changing the output of the millimeter wave, the temperatures at point a near the joint surface (
また、一方の金属部材Ｗをチタン(Ｔｉ)製、他方の金属部材Ｗ´を鉄(Ｆｅ)製とし、図２に示す状態で２８ＧＨｚのミリ波を照射して金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を加熱する実験を行った。実験では、ミリ波の出力を変化させながらＴｉ製部材Ｗの接合面近傍の温度とＦｅ製部材Ｗ´の接合面近傍の温度を夫々熱電対で計測した。実験結果は図４に示す通りであり、接合面近傍の温度がＴｉ製部材ＷとＦｅ製部材Ｗ´の何れにおいても十分に高くなることが分かる。尚、Ｆｅの方がＴｉよりミリ波の吸収性が良いため、温度の立上りはＦｅ製部材Ｗ´の方が早くなっている。また、Ｔｉは熱伝導率が低く放熱量が小さいため、Ｔｉ製部材Ｗの温度が途中でＦｅ製部材Ｗ´よりも高くなり、最終的に両部材Ｗ，Ｗ´が共に所要の高温度まで加熱される。 Further, one metal member W is made of titanium (Ti) and the other metal member W ′ is made of iron (Fe), and the metal members W and W ′ are heated by irradiating with 28 GHz millimeter wave in the state shown in FIG. An experiment was conducted. In the experiment, the temperature in the vicinity of the joint surface of the Ti member W and the temperature in the vicinity of the joint surface of the Fe member W ′ were measured with thermocouples while changing the output of the millimeter wave. The experimental result is as shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the temperature in the vicinity of the joint surface is sufficiently high in both the Ti member W and the Fe member W ′. Since Fe absorbs more millimeter waves than Ti, the temperature rise is faster in the Fe member W ′. Further, since Ti has a low thermal conductivity and a small amount of heat release, the temperature of the Ti member W becomes higher than that of the Fe member W ′ in the middle, and both the members W and W ′ finally reach the required high temperature. Heated.
以上の如く金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の加熱対象部分Ｗａが集中的に加熱される結果、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士の接合面の酸化皮膜が熱で消失し、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士を塑性変形を生ずるような加圧力で強く加圧接触させなくても、拡散接合により金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士が固相状態で接合される。 As described above, the heating target portion Wa of the metal members W and W ′ is intensively heated. As a result, the oxide film on the joint surface between the metal members W and W ′ disappears due to heat, and the metal members W and W ′ are The metal members W and W ′ are bonded in a solid phase state by diffusion bonding even if they are not brought into strong pressure contact with a pressure that causes plastic deformation.
かくして、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士を接合部分の変形を生ずることなく固相接合でき、接合部分の変形を修正するための後加工が不要になる。また、高温に加熱されるのは金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の加熱対象部分Ｗａだけになるため、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´全体を加熱するものと異なり、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の元の材料特性が維持されると共に、異種金属の接合も可能になる。更に、摩擦接合と異なり金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の形状も限定されない。 Thus, the metal members W and W ′ can be solid-phase bonded without causing deformation of the bonded portion, and post-processing for correcting the deformation of the bonded portion is not necessary. Further, since only the heating target portion Wa of the metal members W and W ′ is heated to a high temperature, the original material characteristics of the metal members W and W ′ are different from those for heating the entire metal members W and W ′. Is maintained, and dissimilar metals can be joined. Further, unlike the friction bonding, the shapes of the metal members W and W ′ are not limited.
尚、アルミニウムのように酸素が殆ど溶解しない金属製の部材を上述した本実施形態の方法で接合することは困難であるが、鉄、チタン、銅のように酸化皮膜中の酸素をある程度溶解できる金属製の部材は、本実施形態の方法で良好に接合できる。また、鉄鋼材やステンレスのように炭素を含有する金属製の部材は、炭素による還元反応で酸化皮膜中の酸素がＣＯ，ＣＯ２に変化して酸化皮膜が消失するため、本実施形態の方法で接合できる。 Although it is difficult to join a metal member that hardly dissolves oxygen, such as aluminum, by the method of this embodiment described above, oxygen in the oxide film such as iron, titanium, and copper can be dissolved to some extent. Metal members can be joined well by the method of this embodiment. In addition, since a metal member containing carbon such as steel and stainless steel changes the oxygen in the oxide film to CO and CO 2 due to the reduction reaction by carbon, the oxide film disappears. Can be joined.
上述したように本実施形態の接合方法では、接合部分の変形を生じず、形状も限定されないため、種々の製品を製造することが可能になる。例えば、図５に示す如く、一対の金属製側板Ｗ１，Ｗ１間に中空部を有する形状に打ち抜き成形された金属製中板Ｗ２を挟んだ状態でこれらを拡散接合して、中空部を有する軽量且つ高剛性のコンロッドを低コストで製造することができる。また、金型等の部分的に高荷重が作用する製品において、高荷重が作用する部分をハイス鋼等の耐摩耗性に優れた金属で形成し、他の部分をダイス鋼等の廉価な金属で形成して、両者を本実施形態の方法で拡散接合することにより、耐久性に優れた製品を低コストで製造することが可能になる。 As described above, in the joining method according to the present embodiment, deformation of the joined portion is not caused and the shape is not limited, so that various products can be manufactured. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a lightweight metal plate having a hollow portion is formed by diffusion bonding with a metal intermediate plate W2 punched and formed in a shape having a hollow portion between a pair of metal side plates W1 and W1. And a highly rigid connecting rod can be manufactured at low cost. Also, in products such as molds that are subject to high loads, parts where high loads are applied are made of metal with excellent wear resistance such as high-speed steel, and other parts are inexpensive metal such as die steel. By forming them together and diffusion-bonding them by the method of this embodiment, it becomes possible to manufacture a product with excellent durability at a low cost.
尚、上記実施形態では、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´をその全体に亘って断熱材９により覆っているが、金属部材がある程度が大きく、接合面から離れた端部での放熱量が少なくなる場合には、金属部材の端部を断熱材で覆わなくても良い。また、加熱対象部分Ｗａとする範囲は一義的に決定されるものではなく、金属部材の大きさ形状等に応じて適切な範囲を実験的に求めれば良い。
In the above embodiment, the metal members W and W ′ are covered with the
金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を共に直径１５ｍｍの鉄製とし、１０００℃での鉄の降伏応力以下の３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２の圧力で金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士を加圧接触させ、図２に示す状態で２８ＧＨｚのミリ波を照射した。そして、加熱対象部分Ｗａを９００℃まで加熱し、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´の接合品を得た。尚、加熱対象部Ｗａは接合面から２ｍｍまでの範囲とした。 The metal members W and W ′ are both made of iron with a diameter of 15 mm, and the metal members W and W ′ are brought into pressure contact with each other at a pressure of 3 kgf / mm 2 which is lower than the yield stress of iron at 1000 ° C. A 28 GHz millimeter wave was irradiated. And the heating object part Wa was heated to 900 degreeC, and the joined product of metal member W, W 'was obtained. In addition, the heating object part Wa was made into the range from a joining surface to 2 mm.
この接合品は、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士の接合面に隙間が全く存在せずに連続した組織になっており、接合部分での変形も全く生じなかった。また、この接合品の引張試験を行ったところ、降伏応力が３６．３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２、引張強さが６４．３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２、破断伸びが１３．５ｍｍであった。鉄製の一体品の降伏応力、引張強さ、破断伸びは、夫々、３６．３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２、６２．０ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２、２３ｍｍであり、接合品は伸びが減少するものの機械的強度は一体品と同等になることが確認された。 This joined product has a continuous structure without any gaps between the joining surfaces of the metal members W and W ′, and no deformation occurred at the joined portion. Moreover, when the tensile test of this bonded product was performed, the yield stress was 36.3 kgf / mm 2 , the tensile strength was 64.3 kgf / mm 2 , and the elongation at break was 13.5 mm. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the steel integrated product are 36.3 kgf / mm 2 , 62.0 kgf / mm 2 , and 23 mm, respectively. It was confirmed that it becomes equivalent.
尚、鉄製の金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´は加熱対象部分Ｗａを４００℃程度に加熱すると接合し始める。但し、鉄製の金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´を９００℃より低い温度で接合した接合品は、金属部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士の接合面に隙間が残り、塑性変形が始まると隙間を起点にして破断し、引張強さが３６．３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２程度になる。 The iron metal members W and W ′ start to be joined when the heating target portion Wa is heated to about 400 ° C. However, in a joined product in which iron metal members W and W ′ are joined at a temperature lower than 900 ° C., a gap remains on the joint surface between the metal members W and W ′, and when plastic deformation starts, it breaks starting from the gap. The tensile strength is about 36.3 kgf / mm 2 .
一方の金属部材Ｗを直径１５ｍｍのチタン製部材、他方の金属部材Ｗ´を直径１５ｍｍの鉄製部材とし、３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２の圧力で両部材Ｗ，Ｗ´同士を加圧接触させ、図２に示す状態で２８ＧＨｚのミリ波を照射して、加熱対象部分Ｗａを７００℃まで加熱した。尚、加熱対象部分Ｗａは接合面から２ｍｍまでの範囲とした。 One metal member W is made of a titanium member having a diameter of 15 mm, and the other metal member W ′ is made of an iron member having a diameter of 15 mm, and both members W and W ′ are brought into pressure contact with each other at a pressure of 3 kgf / mm 2 . In the state shown, a 28 GHz millimeter wave was irradiated to heat the portion to be heated Wa to 700 ° C. The heating target portion Wa was in a range of 2 mm from the joint surface.
これにより、チタン製部材Ｗと鉄製部材Ｗ´が接合部分の変形を生ずることなく接合した。この接合品は、接合面に隙間が若干残るが、チタン製部材Ｗに接合面から１８μの深さまで鉄が拡散し、鉄製部材Ｗ´に接合面から３０μの深さまでチタンが拡散していることが確認された。 Thereby, the titanium member W and the iron member W ′ were joined without causing deformation of the joined portion. In this joined product, a gap remains slightly on the joining surface, but iron diffuses to a titanium member W to a depth of 18 μm from the joining surface, and titanium diffuses to a steel member W ′ to a depth of 30 μm from the joining surface. Was confirmed.
また、この接合品の引張強さは３３．２ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２であった。ここで、チタン製の一体品の降伏応力、引張強さは、夫々、３３．０ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２、５８．０ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２であり、接合品の引張強さはチタン製一体品の降伏応力と同程度になる。これは、接合品がチタンの塑性変形と同時に接合面の隙間を起点にして破断したためであると考えられる。 Moreover, the tensile strength of this joined product was 33.2 kgf / mm 2 . Here, the yield stress of the titanium of one piece, tensile strength, respectively, 33.0kgf / mm 2, is a 58.0kgf / mm 2, the tensile strength of the bonding products and the yield stress of the titanium one piece It becomes the same level. This is presumably because the bonded product fractured starting from the gap between the bonded surfaces simultaneously with the plastic deformation of titanium.
Ｗ，Ｗ´…金属部材、Ｗａ…加熱対象部分、１…マイクロ波加熱炉、２…マイクロ波発生器、９…断熱材、１０…金属製カバー。 W, W '... metal member, Wa ... heating target part, 1 ... microwave heating furnace, 2 ... microwave generator, 9 ... heat insulating material, 10 ... metal cover.
Claims (2)
金属部材同士を塑性変形を生じないように加圧接触させると共に、金属部材を断熱材で覆い、更に、金属部材同士の接合面から所定範囲内の部分を加熱対象部分として、加熱対象部分から外れた断熱材の部分を金属製のカバーにより覆い、この状態でマイクロ波を照射して加熱対象部分を加熱することを特徴とする金属部材の固相接合方法。 In the solid-phase joining method of metal members that join metal members in a solid-phase state,
The metal members are brought into pressure contact with each other so as not to cause plastic deformation, and the metal members are covered with a heat insulating material. A method for solid-phase joining of metal members, wherein a portion of the heat insulating material is covered with a metal cover, and in this state, the portion to be heated is heated by irradiation with microwaves.
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