JP2009226454A - Method and apparatus of joining metallic member - Google Patents

Method and apparatus of joining metallic member Download PDF

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JP2009226454A
JP2009226454A JP2008076024A JP2008076024A JP2009226454A JP 2009226454 A JP2009226454 A JP 2009226454A JP 2008076024 A JP2008076024 A JP 2008076024A JP 2008076024 A JP2008076024 A JP 2008076024A JP 2009226454 A JP2009226454 A JP 2009226454A
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metal member
joining
tapered
metal
relative slip
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JP5220449B2 (en
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Osamu Ohashi
修 大橋
Keiichi Minegishi
敬一 峯岸
Yasunori Yoshida
安徳 吉田
Koji Wada
光司 和田
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SMC Corp
Niigata University NUC
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Niigata University NUC
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To break an oxidation film present on the surface of a metallic member by generating relative slippage between metallic members, when the metallic members are joined to each other. <P>SOLUTION: For example, when the end of a first tube 32 and the end of a second tube 34 are joined to each other, a tapered recess 36 is formed in the end of the first tube 32, and a tapered projection 38 is formed in the end of the second tube 34. Between the tapered recess 36 and the tapered projection 38, a filler metal 44 having a low melting point compared with the first and second tubes 32, 34 is interposed. In this state, an electric current is made to flow to fuse the filler metal 44 and turn it to a liquid phase L and, on the other hand, pressurizing force of a degree that the tapered face 40 of the tapered projection 38 is relatively displaced (to cause relative slippage) by 0.5 mm or more along the tapered face 42 of the tapered recess 36, is added. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、液相を介して金属部材同士を接合する金属部材の接合方法及びその装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a metal member joining method and apparatus for joining metal members together via a liquid phase.

アルミニウム合金等からなる金属部材の表面には、自発的に生成した酸化皮膜が存在する。この酸化皮膜を除去することなく該金属部材同士を接合することは容易ではないため、酸化皮膜を除去しつつ接合を行うことが一般的に行われている。すなわち、例えば、フラックスで酸化皮膜を除去するノフロックろう付け法、ろう材に含まれるＭｇによって真空中で酸化皮膜を還元する真空ろう付け法、アルゴンイオンを衝突させることで酸化皮膜を除去するイオン衝撃法、超音波を付与して酸化皮膜を破壊する超音波付与法（特許文献１参照）等である。   A spontaneously generated oxide film is present on the surface of a metal member made of an aluminum alloy or the like. Since it is not easy to join the metal members without removing the oxide film, it is common to perform the joining while removing the oxide film. That is, for example, nolock brazing method that removes oxide film with flux, vacuum brazing method that reduces oxide film in vacuum with Mg contained in brazing material, ion bombardment that removes oxide film by colliding with argon ions And an ultrasonic application method in which an ultrasonic wave is applied to destroy the oxide film (see Patent Document 1).

また、非特許文献１には、部材間に相対的なすべりを発生させながら部材同士を常温にて圧接し、これにより酸化皮膜を破壊することが記載されている。同様に、特許文献２及び非特許文献２においては、加熱下でこのような相対的なすべりを発生させることも提案されている。すなわち、特許文献２には、銅合金からなる管体とアルミニウム合金からなる管体とをこの手法で接合することが記載され、一方、非特許文献２には、アルミニウム合金からなる部材同士の界面を加熱下にて摺動させながら固相溶接を行うことが開示されている。   Non-Patent Document 1 describes that members are pressed against each other at room temperature while causing relative slip between the members, thereby destroying the oxide film. Similarly, in Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 2, it is also proposed to generate such a relative slip under heating. That is, Patent Document 2 describes joining a tube body made of a copper alloy and a tube body made of an aluminum alloy by this technique, while Non-Patent Document 2 describes an interface between members made of an aluminum alloy. It is disclosed that solid phase welding is performed while sliding under heat.

特開平６−７９２６号公報JP-A-6-7926 特開２０００−２６３２５０号公報JP 2000-263250 A 大橋修ら「アルミニウム、アルミニウムと銅との常温圧接でのすべりおよびアノード酸化処理の効果について」 溶接学会誌 １９７８年第４７巻第２９４−２９９頁Ohashi Osamu et al. “Effects of Slip and Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum, Aluminum and Copper in Room Temperature Pressure Welding” Journal of the Japan Welding Society, Vol. 横田武男ら「界面摺動によるアルミニウムの固相溶接」 溶接学会論文集 １９９０年第８巻第３４９−３５３頁Takeo Yokota et al. "Solid-phase Aluminum Welding by Interfacial Sliding" Proceedings of the Japan Welding Society, 1990, Vol. 8, pages 349-353

非特許文献２に記載されるように接合する金属部材を溶融することなく固相状態で相対すべりを発生させた場合、相対すべりが発生する面上の酸化皮膜が局部的に破壊され、清浄な金属が露呈する。このため、図１０に示すように、金属部材１、２同士の間に凝着３が生じる。特許文献２記載の従来技術においても、接合する金属部材を固相状態として相対すべりを付与しているので、上記と同様に凝着３が生じる。従って、非特許文献２又は特許文献２に記載されるように接合を行う箇所に相対すべりを発生させるためには、この凝着３を破断し得る外力を付加する必要があるが、このために大きな外力を付加し得る機構が必要となるので設備投資が高騰するという不具合がある。しかも、凝着力が強固なものである場合、部材が変形することもある。   As described in Non-Patent Document 2, when the relative slip is generated in the solid phase state without melting the metal member to be joined, the oxide film on the surface where the relative slip occurs is locally broken and clean. The metal is exposed. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 10, adhesion 3 occurs between the metal members 1 and 2. Also in the prior art described in Patent Document 2, adhesion 3 is generated in the same manner as described above because the metal member to be joined is provided with a relative slip in a solid state. Therefore, as described in Non-Patent Document 2 or Patent Document 2, it is necessary to add an external force that can break the adhesion 3 in order to generate a relative slip at a place to be joined. Since a mechanism capable of applying a large external force is required, there is a problem that capital investment increases. In addition, when the adhesive force is strong, the member may be deformed.

本発明は上記した問題を解決するためになされたもので、接合を行う部位に凝着が生じることがなく、このために設備投資が低廉化し、さらに、部材が変形する懸念を払拭することも可能な金属部材の接合方法及びその装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and there is no occurrence of adhesion at the parts to be joined. For this reason, the equipment investment is reduced, and further, the concern that the members may be deformed may be eliminated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for joining possible metal members.

前記の目的を達成するために、本発明に係る金属部材の接合方法は、第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材との間に、前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材よりも低融点のろう材を介在する工程と、
前記ろう材を溶融して液相に変化させる一方、応力を付与して前記第１の金属部材と前記第２の金属部材との間にすべり量が０．５ｍｍ以上の相対すべりを発生させる工程と、
前記液相を固相に変化させて前記第１の金属部材と前記第２の金属部材とを接合させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a metal member joining method according to the present invention includes a first metal member and a second metal member between a first metal member and a second metal member. A process involving a low melting point brazing material,
A step of melting the brazing material and changing it into a liquid phase, and applying a stress to generate a relative slip between the first metal member and the second metal member with a slip amount of 0.5 mm or more. When,
Changing the liquid phase to a solid phase and joining the first metal member and the second metal member;
It is characterized by having.

すなわち、本発明においては、ろう材を溶融させて液相を介在させることで第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材の凝着を防止するとともに、これら第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材の間に潤滑性を付与して相対すべりが容易に起こるようにしている。このため、大きな外力を付与する必要がない。   That is, in the present invention, adhesion of the first metal member and the second metal member is prevented by melting the brazing material and interposing the liquid phase, and the first metal member and the second metal. Lubricity is imparted between the members so that relative sliding easily occurs. For this reason, it is not necessary to apply a large external force.

換言すれば、本発明では、大きな外力を付与するための機構を特に必要としない。従って、設備投資が低廉化する。その上、小さい外力を付加することによって相対すべりを容易に生じさせることができるので、金属部材が変形することも回避される。   In other words, the present invention does not particularly require a mechanism for applying a large external force. Therefore, the capital investment is reduced. In addition, since a relative slip can be easily generated by applying a small external force, deformation of the metal member is also avoided.

しかも、液相中で相対すべりが起こることに伴って酸化皮膜が破壊されるとともに、その後は液相が保護膜となるので、酸化皮膜が再形成することも抑制される。従って、大気中であっても接合が容易に進行する。   In addition, the oxide film is destroyed as the relative slip occurs in the liquid phase, and thereafter, the liquid phase becomes a protective film, so that the re-formation of the oxide film is also suppressed. Therefore, the joining easily proceeds even in the atmosphere.

以上のように、接合する金属部材同士の間に挿入されたろう材が溶融して相対すべりが発生すると、すべり距離（相対すべり量）が０．５ｍｍ以上となったとき、接合面の全体にわたって酸化皮膜が破壊され、このために接合部が母材（金属部材）に匹敵する強度を示すようになる。   As described above, when the brazing material inserted between the metal members to be joined is melted and a relative slip occurs, when the slip distance (relative slip amount) becomes 0.5 mm or more, the entire joint surface is oxidized. The coating is destroyed, and for this reason, the joint has a strength comparable to that of the base material (metal member).

相対すべり量は０．５ｍｍで十分であり、過度に大きい相対すべり量は、肉厚の小さい金属部材同士の接合に際しては、接合部における継手形状の大きな変化を伴うことになる。このことを回避するべく、第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材の各肉厚及び形状に応じて相対すべり量を設定することが好ましい。   A relative slip amount of 0.5 mm is sufficient, and an excessively large relative slip amount is accompanied by a large change in joint shape at the joint portion when joining metal members having small thicknesses. In order to avoid this, it is preferable to set the relative slip amount according to the thickness and shape of the first metal member and the second metal member.

第１の金属部材及び第２の金属部材を互いに突き合わせ、双方の端部同士を接合するとき、相対すべりを生じさせるべく、一方の金属部材の端部にテーパー角が４５°以上のテーパー状凸部を形成し、且つ残余の一方の金属部材の端部に前記テーパー状凸部の形状に対応する形状のテーパー状凹部を形成することが好ましい。この場合、テーパー状凸部がテーパー状凹部のテーパー面に沿って相対的にすべることによって相対すべりが容易に発生するようになる。   When the first metal member and the second metal member are brought into contact with each other and both ends are joined to each other, a taper-shaped protrusion having a taper angle of 45 ° or more is formed at the end of one metal member in order to cause relative slip. It is preferable to form a tapered concave portion having a shape corresponding to the shape of the tapered convex portion at the end of the remaining one metal member. In this case, the relative slip easily occurs when the tapered convex portion slides relatively along the tapered surface of the tapered concave portion.

又は、一方の金属部材の端面を残余の一方の金属部材の端面に沿って相対的に回転させることで相対すべりを発生させるようにしてもよいし、一方の金属部材の端面を残余の一方の金属部材の端面の延在方向に沿って変位させることで相対すべりを発生させるようにしてもよい。   Alternatively, relative slip may be generated by relatively rotating the end face of one metal member along the end face of the remaining one metal member, or the end face of one metal member may be set to one of the remaining metal members. You may make it generate | occur | produce a relative slip by displacing along the extension direction of the end surface of a metal member.

いずれの場合においても、ろう材を溶融して相対すべりを発生させる工程は、大気中、真空中、不活性ガス中で行うことが可能である。大気中で接合を行う場合には、金属部材を大気から遮断するためのチャンバや、該チャンバ内を排気するための排気機構が不要となるので、設備投資が一層低廉化するという利点がある。一方、真空中で接合を行う場合、酸化皮膜の源である大気（酸素）の量が著しく低減するので、酸化皮膜が再形成することが一層困難となり、このために相対すべりが一層容易に起こるという利点が得られる。   In any case, the step of melting the brazing material to generate a relative slip can be performed in the atmosphere, in a vacuum, or in an inert gas. When bonding is performed in the atmosphere, a chamber for blocking the metal member from the atmosphere and an exhaust mechanism for exhausting the inside of the chamber are not required, which has the advantage that the capital investment is further reduced. On the other hand, when bonding is performed in a vacuum, the amount of air (oxygen), which is the source of the oxide film, is significantly reduced, making it more difficult for the oxide film to re-form, and thus relative sliding occurs more easily. The advantage is obtained.

また、本発明に係る金属部材の接合装置は、第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材との間に介在されて前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材よりも低融点のろう材を加熱して溶融するための加熱手段と、
前記第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材との間に相対すべりを発生させるための応力付与手段と、
を有することを特徴とする。 Further, the metal member joining apparatus according to the present invention is interposed between the first metal member and the second metal member, and has a lower melting point than the first metal member and the second metal member. Heating means for heating and melting the material;
Stress applying means for generating a relative slip between the first metal member and the second metal member;
It is characterized by having.

このような構成とすることによりろう材を溶融させて相対すべりを生じさせることが容易となり、その結果、母材に匹敵する強度を有する接合部を容易に得ることができる。   With such a configuration, it becomes easy to melt the brazing material and cause relative slip, and as a result, it is possible to easily obtain a joint having a strength comparable to that of the base material.

なお、応力付与手段は、圧縮方向に加圧する手段、回転方向に変位させる力を付与する手段、又は直進的に変位させる力を付与する手段のいずれであってもよい。   The stress applying means may be either a means for applying pressure in the compression direction, a means for applying a force for displacing in the rotational direction, or a means for applying a force for moving in a straight line.

本発明によれば、接合する金属部材同士の間に該金属部材に比して低融点のインサート材を挿入し、該インサート材を溶融して液相にした上で前記金属部材同士の間に相対すべりを生じさせるようにしている。液相が介在することで相対すべりが容易に生じるので、大きな外力を付加するための機構が不要となり、設備投資が低廉化する。また、大きな外力を付加する必要がないので、金属部材が変形する懸念も払拭される。   According to the present invention, an insert material having a lower melting point than that of the metal member is inserted between the metal members to be joined, and the insert material is melted into a liquid phase, and then between the metal members. Relative slip is generated. Since the relative slip easily occurs due to the liquid phase intervening, a mechanism for applying a large external force becomes unnecessary, and the capital investment is reduced. Moreover, since it is not necessary to apply a large external force, the concern that the metal member is deformed is also eliminated.

その上、相対すべりが生じることで酸化皮膜が破壊されるので、接合強度が高い接合部を容易に得ることが可能となる。   In addition, since the oxide film is destroyed by the occurrence of relative slip, it is possible to easily obtain a joint having high joint strength.

以下、本発明に係る金属部材の接合方法につき、それを実施する接合装置との関係で好適な実施の形態を挙げ、添付の図面を参照して詳細に説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a metal member joining method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by giving preferred embodiments in relation to a joining apparatus for carrying out the method.

図１は、本実施の形態に係る接合装置１０を模式的に示した要部概略構成図である。この接合装置１０は、電源１２に電気的に接続された第１電極１４及び第２電極１６を有する。   FIG. 1 is a main part schematic configuration diagram schematically showing a bonding apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment. The bonding apparatus 10 includes a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 16 that are electrically connected to a power source 12.

第１電極１４は、図１における上方に向かうようにして台座１８上に位置決め固定されている。この第１電極１４は、リード線２０を介して電源１２の正極に電気的に接続されている。   The first electrode 14 is positioned and fixed on the pedestal 18 so as to face upward in FIG. The first electrode 14 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 12 via the lead wire 20.

一方、第１電極１４と略同一構成の第２電極１６は、第１電極１４に対向するように配置されている。また、第２電極１６は、圧縮力としての応力を付与する油圧シリンダ２２（応力付与手段）のロッド２４を構成する幅広先端部２５に位置決め固定されている。すなわち、第２電極１６は、ロッド２４が前進・後退動作することに伴って第１電極１４に対して接近・離間する。   On the other hand, the second electrode 16 having substantially the same configuration as the first electrode 14 is disposed so as to face the first electrode 14. Further, the second electrode 16 is positioned and fixed to a wide end portion 25 that constitutes a rod 24 of a hydraulic cylinder 22 (stress applying means) that applies a stress as a compressive force. That is, the second electrode 16 approaches and separates from the first electrode 14 as the rod 24 moves forward and backward.

この第２電極１６は、リード線２６によって電源１２の負極に電気的に接続されている。なお、図１においては、電気的に閉回路が形成された状態を示している。   The second electrode 16 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power source 12 by a lead wire 26. FIG. 1 shows a state where an electrically closed circuit is formed.

第１電極１４と第２電極１６の間には、カーボンスペーサ２８、３０を介して第１管体３２、第２管体３４が介装される。この場合、第１管体３２及び第２管体３４の双方は、合金番号６０６３（ＪＩＳ）のアルミニウム合金からなる。なお、以下の説明においては、単に「６０６３アルミニウム合金」と表記する。後述する「４１０４アルミニウム合金」も同様の意味である。   A first tubular body 32 and a second tubular body 34 are interposed between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 via carbon spacers 28 and 30. In this case, both the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 are made of an aluminum alloy having an alloy number 6063 (JIS). In the following description, it is simply expressed as “6063 aluminum alloy”. The “4104 aluminum alloy” described later has the same meaning.

図２に、第１管体３２における第２管体３４を臨む側の端部と、第２管体３４における第１管体３２を臨む側の端部とを併せて示す。この図２から諒解されるように、第１管体３２の端部には、外径側から内径側に向かって縮径することでテーパー状に陥没したテーパー状凹部３６が形成され、一方、第２管体３４の端部には、テーパー状に縮径しながら突出したテーパー状凸部３８が形成されている。テーパー状凹部３６の形状はテーパー状凸部３８の形状に対応しており、従って、テーパー状凸部３８がテーパー状凹部３６に挿入された際には、テーパー面４０、４２同士が密着する。   FIG. 2 shows an end portion of the first tubular body 32 facing the second tubular body 34 and an end portion of the second tubular body 34 facing the first tubular body 32. As can be seen from FIG. 2, a tapered recess 36 is formed at the end of the first tubular body 32 by being reduced in diameter from the outer diameter side toward the inner diameter side. At the end of the second tubular body 34, a tapered convex portion 38 that protrudes while being reduced in taper is formed. The shape of the tapered concave portion 36 corresponds to the shape of the tapered convex portion 38. Therefore, when the tapered convex portion 38 is inserted into the tapered concave portion 36, the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 are in close contact with each other.

勿論、テーパー状凹部３６のテーパー角θ１とテーパー状凸部３８のテーパー角θ２は、θ１＝θ２となるように設定されている。ここで、θ１及びθ２は、４５°以上とすることが好ましい。これにより、後述するように、第１管体３２と第２管体３４とのすべり量が０．５ｍｍ以上となる相対すべりが容易に起こるようになるからである。   Of course, the taper angle θ1 of the tapered concave portion 36 and the taper angle θ2 of the tapered convex portion 38 are set to satisfy θ1 = θ2. Here, θ1 and θ2 are preferably set to 45 ° or more. This is because, as will be described later, relative slip where the slip amount between the first tube body 32 and the second tube body 34 is 0.5 mm or more easily occurs.

このような第１管体３２及び第２管体３４の接合は、以下のようにして実施される。   Such joining of the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 is performed as follows.

先ず、第１管体３２のテーパー状凹部３６に対して第２管体３４のテーパー状凸部３８を挿入し、この状態で第１電極１４上に載置する。   First, the tapered convex portion 38 of the second tubular body 34 is inserted into the tapered concave portion 36 of the first tubular body 32 and placed on the first electrode 14 in this state.

ここで、テーパー状凹部３６にテーパー状凸部３８を挿入する際には、図３に示すように、第１管体３２と第２管体３４との間に、テーパー面４０、４２の形状に対応する形状のろう材４４を介装する。ろう材４４としては、第１管体３２及び第２管体３４の材質である６０６３アルミニウム合金に比して低融点の金属が選定される。この種の金属の好適な例としては、４１０４アルミニウム合金が挙げられる。なお、６０６３アルミニウム合金の固相線温度と液相温度はそれぞれ６１５℃、６５５℃であり、４１０４アルミニウム合金の固相線温度と液相温度はそれぞれ５５９℃、５９１℃である。   Here, when the tapered convex portion 38 is inserted into the tapered concave portion 36, the shape of the tapered surfaces 40, 42 is formed between the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 as shown in FIG. A brazing material 44 having a shape corresponding to the above is interposed. As the brazing material 44, a metal having a low melting point is selected as compared with 6063 aluminum alloy which is a material of the first tube body 32 and the second tube body 34. A suitable example of this type of metal is 4104 aluminum alloy. The solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of 6063 aluminum alloy are 615 ° C. and 655 ° C., respectively, and the solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of 4104 aluminum alloy are 559 ° C. and 591 ° C., respectively.

次に、油圧シリンダ２２が付勢され、そのロッド２４が下方に向かって前進動作する。その結果、図１に示すように、第１管体３２及び第２管体３４がカーボンスペーサ２８、３０を介して第１電極１４と第２電極１６とで押圧されるようになるとともに、電気的に閉回路が形成される。   Next, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is energized, and its rod 24 moves forward downward. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the first tube body 32 and the second tube body 34 are pressed by the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 through the carbon spacers 28 and 30, and the electric Thus, a closed circuit is formed.

その後、電源１２から電流ｉが供給される。この電流ｉは、カーボンスペーサ２８、第１電極１４、第１管体３２、ろう材４４、第２管体３４、第２電極１６及びカーボンスペーサ３０を経由して電源１２に戻る。すなわち、第１管体３２、ろう材４４及び第２管体３４に対して通電がなされ、これに伴い、第１管体３２、ろう材４４及び第２管体３４の温度が上昇する。   Thereafter, a current i is supplied from the power source 12. This current i returns to the power supply 12 via the carbon spacer 28, the first electrode 14, the first tube 32, the brazing material 44, the second tube 34, the second electrode 16, and the carbon spacer 30. That is, the first tube body 32, the brazing material 44, and the second tube body 34 are energized, and the temperature of the first tube body 32, the brazing material 44, and the second tube body 34 increases accordingly.

電流ｉは、ろう材４４を溶融可能な温度となるような値に設定される。すなわち、第１電極１４から第２電極１６に流れる電流ｉを供給することによって、ろう材４４が溶融する。その結果、図４に示すように、第１管体３２と第２管体３４のテーパー面４０、４２同士の間に液相Ｌが介在するようになる。このため、該テーパー面４０、４２同士の間に凝着が生じることが回避される。   The current i is set to a value at which the brazing material 44 can be melted. That is, the brazing filler metal 44 is melted by supplying the current i flowing from the first electrode 14 to the second electrode 16. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the liquid phase L is interposed between the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 of the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34. For this reason, the occurrence of adhesion between the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 is avoided.

また、液相Ｌは、潤滑性を付与することによって第１管体３２と第２管体３４が相対的に変位することを支援する。従って、第１管体３２と第２管体３４に対して付与される押圧力が小さい場合であっても、図５に示すように、テーパー状凸部３８のテーパー面４０がテーパー状凹部３６のテーパー面４２に沿って容易に変位する。すなわち、相対すべりが容易に起こる。このため、大きな押圧力を付加し得るシリンダ等を設置する必要がないので、設備投資が低廉化する。しかも、凝着が生じないので第１管体３２又は第２管体３４が変形する懸念を払拭することもできる。なお、テーパー状凸部３８のテーパー面４０と、テーパー状凹部３６のテーパー面４２との相対的な変位量（すべり量）ＬＳが０．５ｍｍ以上であると、後述する接合時に継手効率が大きくなる。ここで、継手効率は、母材である第１管体３２（又は第２管体３４）の強度に対する接合部の強度を百分率で表したものである。   Moreover, the liquid phase L assists that the 1st pipe body 32 and the 2nd pipe body 34 displace relatively by providing lubricity. Therefore, even when the pressing force applied to the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 is small, the tapered surface 40 of the tapered convex portion 38 has a tapered concave portion 36 as shown in FIG. It is easily displaced along the tapered surface 42. That is, relative slip occurs easily. For this reason, it is not necessary to install a cylinder or the like that can apply a large pressing force, so that the capital investment is reduced. Moreover, since adhesion does not occur, the concern that the first tubular body 32 or the second tubular body 34 is deformed can be eliminated. When the relative displacement amount (slip amount) LS between the tapered surface 40 of the tapered convex portion 38 and the tapered surface 42 of the tapered concave portion 36 is 0.5 mm or more, the joint efficiency is large at the time of joining described later. Become. Here, the joint efficiency is a percentage of the strength of the joint with respect to the strength of the first tubular body 32 (or the second tubular body 34) that is the base material.

そして、相対すべりが起こることに伴い、第１管体３２のテーパー状凹部３６におけるテーパー面４０と、第２管体３４のテーパー状凸部３８におけるテーパー面４２に存在する酸化皮膜が破壊される。すなわち、これらテーパー面４０、４２では、６０６３アルミニウム合金が露呈する。   As the relative slip occurs, the oxide film existing on the tapered surface 40 in the tapered concave portion 36 of the first tubular body 32 and the tapered surface 42 in the tapered convex portion 38 of the second tubular body 34 is destroyed. . That is, the 6063 aluminum alloy is exposed on the tapered surfaces 40 and 42.

６０６３アルミニウム合金が露呈したテーパー面４０、４２からは、ろう材４４に対して元素が拡散する。同時に、ろう材４４からテーパー面４０、４２に対する元素拡散も起こる。これにより、テーパー面４０、４２がろう材４４と金属的に接合する。   Elements are diffused into the brazing filler metal 44 from the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 exposed by the 6063 aluminum alloy. At the same time, element diffusion from the brazing material 44 to the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 also occurs. As a result, the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 are metallicly joined to the brazing material 44.

このように、本実施の形態によれば、第１管体３２と第２管体３４との間に液相Ｌを介在させることで相対すべりを起こり易くさせ、且つ相対すべりを発生させることで酸化皮膜を破壊するようにしている。この過程は大気中でも進行するので、接合作業を全て大気中で行うことも可能である。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, by causing the liquid phase L to intervene between the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34, relative slip is likely to occur, and relative slip is generated. The oxide film is destroyed. Since this process proceeds even in the atmosphere, it is possible to perform all the joining operations in the atmosphere.

ここで、通常、アルミニウム合金等のように自発的な酸化皮膜を容易に形成する金属からなる部材同士を大気中で接合する場合、酸化皮膜を除去しても新たな酸化皮膜が即座に形成されてしまう。しかしながら、本実施の形態においては、液相Ｌが保護膜としても機能するので酸化皮膜が再形成され難い。仮に酸化皮膜が再形成された場合であっても、相対すべりが進行しているので該酸化皮膜を即座に破壊することができる。   Here, usually, when joining members made of metals that easily form a spontaneous oxide film such as an aluminum alloy in the atmosphere, a new oxide film is immediately formed even if the oxide film is removed. End up. However, in the present embodiment, since the liquid phase L also functions as a protective film, it is difficult to re-form the oxide film. Even if the oxide film is re-formed, since the relative slip is proceeding, the oxide film can be destroyed immediately.

従って、図１から諒解されるように、接合装置１０にチャンバや排気ライン等を付設する必要は特にない。このことも、設備投資の低廉化に寄与する。   Therefore, as can be understood from FIG. 1, it is not particularly necessary to attach a chamber, an exhaust line, or the like to the bonding apparatus 10. This also contributes to lower capital investment.

油圧シリンダ２２の押圧が停止されることに伴って相対すべりが終了されるとともに、通電が停止される。その後、所定時間放置することにより液相Ｌが固化し、ろう材４４を介して第１管体３２と第２管体３４が接合されるに至る。上記したように、相対すべりによって酸化皮膜が破壊された状態のテーパー面４０、４２同士が接合されたため、接合後の第１管体３２と第２管体３４は、優れた継手効率を示す。   As the pressing of the hydraulic cylinder 22 is stopped, the relative slip is finished and the energization is stopped. Thereafter, the liquid phase L is solidified by being left for a predetermined time, and the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 are joined via the brazing filler metal 44. As described above, since the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 in a state where the oxide film is destroyed by the relative slip are joined together, the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 after joining exhibit excellent joint efficiency.

なお、上記した実施の形態においては、管体（円筒体）を例示するとともに、第１管体３２及び第２管体３４の各々にテーパー状凹部３６、テーパー状凸部３８を設ける場合を例示して説明したが、中実な円柱体同士を接合する場合や、中空又は中実な多角形体同士を接合する場合にも各々にテーパー状凹部３６、テーパー状凸部３８を設け、上記に従って接合するようにしてもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, a tubular body (cylindrical body) is illustrated, and a case where a tapered concave portion 36 and a tapered convex portion 38 are provided in each of the first tubular body 32 and the second tubular body 34 is illustrated. However, even when solid cylindrical bodies are joined together or when hollow or solid polygonal bodies are joined together, a tapered concave portion 36 and a tapered convex portion 38 are provided for each, and joined according to the above. You may make it do.

また、相対すべりは、図５に示されるテーパー面４０、４２に沿って起こるすべりに限定されるものではなく、中実な円柱体５０、５２を例示して図６Ａ及び図６Ｂに示すように、回転方向に起こるすべりであってもよい。又は、中実な直方体５４、５６を例示して図７Ａ及び図７Ｂに示すように、端面の延在方向に沿って変位するようなすべりであってもよい。勿論、これらの場合、回転方向に相対すべりを起こさせる機構や、端面の延在方向に沿って変位させる機構を具備する接合装置が使用される。   Further, the relative slip is not limited to the slip that occurs along the tapered surfaces 40 and 42 shown in FIG. 5, and the solid cylindrical bodies 50 and 52 are illustrated as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. It may be a slip that occurs in the direction of rotation. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B exemplifying the solid rectangular parallelepipeds 54 and 56, the sliding may be performed along the extending direction of the end face. Of course, in these cases, a joining apparatus having a mechanism for causing relative sliding in the rotational direction and a mechanism for displacing along the extending direction of the end surface is used.

さらに、上記した実施の形態では、大気中で接合を行うようにしているが、第１電極１４から第２電極１６を囲繞するチャンバや、該チャンバ内の気体を排出するポンプ等の排気機構を接合装置に付設し、真空減圧下で接合を行うようにしてもよい。この場合、酸化皮膜を再形成する酸素の量が低減するので、相対すべりが一層容易に起こり、すべり量が大きくなって継手効率が向上するという利点がある。   Further, in the above-described embodiment, the bonding is performed in the atmosphere. However, an exhaust mechanism such as a chamber surrounding the second electrode 16 from the first electrode 14 and a pump for discharging the gas in the chamber is provided. You may make it attach to a joining apparatus and to make it join under vacuum pressure reduction. In this case, since the amount of oxygen for re-forming the oxide film is reduced, relative slip occurs more easily, and there is an advantage that the slip amount is increased and the joint efficiency is improved.

さらにまた、アルゴン等の不活性ガスを供給する不活性ガス供給ラインを前記チャンバに設け、不活性ガス雰囲気下で接合を行うようにしてもよい。   Furthermore, an inert gas supply line for supplying an inert gas such as argon may be provided in the chamber, and bonding may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere.

そして、接合を行う金属部材は、アルミニウム合金に特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、銅合金や鉄鋼材等、表面に酸化皮膜が形成される金属からなるものであればよい。加えて、被接合物同士が異なる金属種であってもよい。換言すれば、本発明は、異種金属同士を接合する場合にも適用可能である。   And the metal member which joins is not specifically limited to an aluminum alloy, For example, what consists of a metal in which an oxide film is formed in the surface, such as a copper alloy and a steel material, should just be used. In addition, the metal seed | species from which to-be-joined objects differ may be sufficient. In other words, the present invention can also be applied when different kinds of metals are joined together.

また、この実施の形態では、第１管体３２及び第２管体３４に対して通電を行うことでろう材４４を加熱するようにしているが、例えば、高周波誘導加熱等、その他の加熱手法を採用し得ることは勿論である。   In this embodiment, the brazing material 44 is heated by energizing the first tube body 32 and the second tube body 34. For example, other heating methods such as high-frequency induction heating are used. Of course, can be adopted.

６０６３アルミニウム合金からなり、内径４０ｍｍ、外径５０ｍｍ、長さ２５ｍｍである２本の管体３２、３４を用意し、図２に示すように、この中の１本にテーパー状凹部３６を設け、残余の１本にテーパー状凸部３８を設けた。テーパー状凹部３６及びテーパー状凸部３８の各テーパー角θ１、θ２は、図８に示すように種々変更した。そして、４１０４アルミニウム合金からなる厚み０．１ｍｍのろう材４４がテーパー状凹部３６とテーパー状凸部３８の間に介装されるようにして、テーパー状凹部３６に対してテーパー状凸部３８を挿入した。   Two pipe bodies 32, 34 made of 6063 aluminum alloy and having an inner diameter of 40 mm, an outer diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 25 mm are prepared, and as shown in FIG. 2, a tapered recess 36 is provided in one of these, A taper-shaped convex portion 38 was provided on the remaining one. The taper angles θ1 and θ2 of the tapered concave portion 36 and the tapered convex portion 38 were variously changed as shown in FIG. Then, a brazing material 44 made of 4104 aluminum alloy and having a thickness of 0.1 mm is interposed between the tapered concave portion 36 and the tapered convex portion 38 so that the tapered convex portion 38 is formed with respect to the tapered concave portion 36. Inserted.

この状態の管体３２、３４を、図１に示す接合装置１０にセットした。次に、接合装置１０の第１電極１４及び第２電極１６によって管体３２、３４を０．７ＭＰａの押圧力で押圧するとともに、接合界面近傍にスポット溶接で取り付けられたＫ型熱電対によって測定される接合温度を５７５℃として大気中で通電を行った。これにより、ろう材４４が溶融した。なお、接合温度までは約５０℃／分で昇温し、接合温度は５分間保持した。   The tube bodies 32 and 34 in this state were set in the joining apparatus 10 shown in FIG. Next, the tube bodies 32 and 34 are pressed with a pressure of 0.7 MPa by the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 of the bonding apparatus 10 and measured by a K-type thermocouple attached by spot welding in the vicinity of the bonding interface. The joining temperature was 575 ° C. and energization was performed in the atmosphere. Thereby, the brazing filler metal 44 was melted. Note that the temperature was increased to about 50 ° C./min until the bonding temperature, and the bonding temperature was maintained for 5 minutes.

その後、所定時間放冷することで、溶融したろう材４４を固化させて管体同士を接合した。各々を実施例１〜５とする。   Then, by allowing to cool for a predetermined time, the molten brazing material 44 was solidified and the tubes were joined together. Each is referred to as Examples 1-5.

また、接合温度を６００℃としたことを除いては上記に準拠して管体同士を接合した。各々を実施例６〜１０とする。   Further, the pipes were joined in accordance with the above except that the joining temperature was 600 ° C. Each is designated as Examples 6-10.

さらに、テーパー角θ１、θ２を４５°、接合温度を６００℃、押圧力を１．５ＭＰａとした上で管体同士を接合した。これを実施例１１とする。   Further, the tubular bodies were joined after the taper angles θ1, θ2 were 45 °, the joining temperature was 600 ° C., and the pressing force was 1.5 MPa. This is Example 11.

比較のため、テーパー状凹部３６とテーパー状凸部３８の間にろう材４４を介装することなく接合を行ったことを除いては実施例１〜５に準拠し、管体を接合した。各々を比較例１〜５とする。   For comparison, the tubular bodies were joined according to Examples 1 to 5 except that joining was performed without interposing the brazing filler metal 44 between the tapered recess 36 and the tapered protrusion 38. Each is designated as Comparative Examples 1-5.

以上の実施例１〜１１、比較例１〜５における接合後の管体３２、３４につき、接合面でのすべり量（図５参照）を測定した。また、接合された管体３２、３４に対して引張試験を行い、接合された管体３２、３４の接合強度を６０６３アルミニウム合金の強度で除した継手効率を求めた。結果を、テーパー角θ１、θ２との関係で図表にして図８に示す。この図８から、テーパー角θ１、θ２が４５°以上であるとともにろう材４４を介装することによって０．５ｍｍ以上のすべり量を得ることが容易となり、継手効率が向上することが諒解される。   About the pipe bodies 32 and 34 after joining in the above Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5, the slip amount (refer FIG. 5) in a joining surface was measured. Moreover, the tensile test was done with respect to the joined pipe bodies 32 and 34, and the joint efficiency which remove | divided the joining strength of the joined pipe bodies 32 and 34 by the intensity | strength of 6063 aluminum alloy was calculated | required. The results are shown in FIG. 8 as a chart in relation to the taper angles θ1 and θ2. It can be understood from FIG. 8 that the taper angles θ1 and θ2 are 45 ° or more and it is easy to obtain a slip amount of 0.5 mm or more by interposing the brazing filler metal 44 and the joint efficiency is improved. .

しかも、実施例１〜１１が大気中で行われたものであることから、大気中であってもシームレスの６０６３アルミニウム合金と同等の接合強度を有する接合体が得られることが明らかである。   Moreover, since Examples 1 to 11 were performed in the air, it is clear that a joined body having a joining strength equivalent to that of a seamless 6063 aluminum alloy can be obtained even in the air.

一方、比較例１〜５ではすべり量が０であり、相対すべりが発生していないと認められる。この場合、継手効率も著しく小さい値となった。   On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1-5, the slip amount is 0, and it is recognized that no relative slip has occurred. In this case, the joint efficiency was also extremely small.

さらに、チャンバ及び排気機構を具備する接合装置を用い、５Ｐａの真空減圧下としたことを除いては実施例１〜５に準拠して管体同士を接合した。各々を実施例１２〜１６とする。   Furthermore, the tubular bodies were joined to each other in accordance with Examples 1 to 5 except that a vacuum apparatus was used under a vacuum pressure of 5 Pa, using a joining device having a chamber and an exhaust mechanism. Each is designated as Examples 12-16.

比較のため、テーパー状凹部３６とテーパー状凸部３８の間にろう材４４を介装することなく０．５ＭＰａの押圧力で接合を行ったことを除いては実施例１２〜１６に準拠し、管体を接合した。各々を比較例６〜１０とする。   For comparison, in accordance with Examples 12 to 16 except that the joining was performed with a pressing force of 0.5 MPa without interposing the brazing material 44 between the tapered concave portion 36 and the tapered convex portion 38. The tube was joined. Let each be the comparative examples 6-10.

以上の実施例１２〜１６、比較例６〜１０における接合後の管体についても、接合面でのすべり量を測定する一方で継手効率を求めた。結果を、テーパー角θ１、θ２との関係で図表にして図９に示す。図９を参照して実施例１２〜１６と比較例６〜１０とを対比すれば、真空中で接合する場合においても、テーパー角θ１、θ２が４５°以上であるとともにろう材４４を介装することによって０．５ｍｍ以上のすべり量を得ることが容易となり、継手効率が大幅に向上することが明らかである。   For the tube bodies after joining in Examples 12 to 16 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10 described above, the joint efficiency was determined while measuring the amount of slip on the joint surface. The results are shown in FIG. 9 as a chart in relation to the taper angles θ1 and θ2. If Example 12-16 and Comparative Examples 6-10 are contrasted with reference to FIG. 9, even when joining in a vacuum, taper angle (theta) 1 and (theta) 2 will be 45 degrees or more and brazing material 44 will be interposed. By doing so, it becomes easy to obtain a slip amount of 0.5 mm or more, and it is clear that joint efficiency is greatly improved.

また、実施例１〜５と実施例１２〜１６を比較することにより、真空中で接合する場合、同一条件で大気中で接合する場合に比して相対すべり量が大きくなることが分かる。このことから、継手効率を向上させるという観点では、真空中で接合を行うことが有利であるといえる。   Moreover, when Examples 1-5 and Examples 12-16 are compared, when joining in a vacuum, it turns out that a relative slip amount becomes large compared with the case where it joins in air | atmosphere on the same conditions. From this point of view, it can be said that it is advantageous to perform the joining in a vacuum from the viewpoint of improving the joint efficiency.

本実施の形態に係る接合装置を模式的に示した要部概略構成図である。It is the principal part schematic block diagram which showed typically the joining apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment. 図１の接合装置によって接合される管体の端部を示す要部拡大説明図である。It is principal part expansion explanatory drawing which shows the edge part of the tubular body joined by the joining apparatus of FIG. 第１管体と第２管体の間にろう材が介装された状態を示す要部拡大斜視図である。It is a principal part expansion perspective view which shows the state by which the brazing material was interposed between the 1st tubular body and the 2nd tubular body. 第１管体と第２管体のテーパー面同士の間に液相が介在した状態を示す要部拡大断面説明図である。It is principal part expanded sectional explanatory drawing which shows the state which the liquid phase intervened between the taper surfaces of a 1st tubular body and a 2nd tubular body. 第１管体と第２管体とが相対すべりを起こした状態を示す要部拡大断面説明図である。It is principal part expanded sectional explanatory drawing which shows the state which raise | generated the relative slip of the 1st tubular body and the 2nd tubular body. 図６Ａ、図６Ｂは、図５とは別の方向に相対すべりが生じた状態を説明する要部拡大説明図である。6A and 6B are enlarged explanatory views of main parts for explaining a state in which relative slip occurs in a direction different from that in FIG. 図７Ａ、図７Ｂは、図５、図６Ａ、図６Ｂとは別の方向に相対すべりが生じた状態を説明する要部拡大説明図である。FIGS. 7A and 7B are enlarged explanatory views of main parts for explaining a state in which relative slip occurs in a direction different from those in FIGS. 5, 6A, and 6B. 実施例１〜１１及び比較例１〜５において大気中で接合された管体同士のテーパー角と相対すべり量及び継手効率との関係を示す図表である。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the taper angle | corner of the pipe bodies joined in air | atmosphere in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5, relative slip amount, and joint efficiency. 実施例１２〜１６及び比較例６〜１０において真空中で接合された管体同士のテーパー角と相対すべり量及び継手効率との関係を示す図表である。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the taper angle of the pipe bodies joined in the vacuum in Examples 12-16 and Comparative Examples 6-10, relative slip amount, and joint efficiency. 固相状態で相対すべりを発生させたときに被接合物同士の間に凝着が生じた状態を示す要部拡大断面説明図である。It is principal part expanded sectional explanatory drawing which shows the state which adhesion produced between to-be-joined objects when the relative slip was generated in the solid-phase state.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０…接合装置 １２…電源
１４、１６…電極 ２２…油圧シリンダ
３２、３４…管体 ３６…テーパー状凹部
３８…テーパー状凸部 ４０、４２…テーパー面
４４…ろう材 ５０、５２…円柱体
５４、５６…直方体 Ｌ…液相 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Joining device 12 ... Power supply 14, 16 ... Electrode 22 ... Hydraulic cylinder 32, 34 ... Tube 36 ... Tapered recessed part 38 ... Tapered convex part 40, 42 ... Tapered surface 44 ... Brazing material 50, 52 ... Cylindrical body 54 56 ... rectangular parallelepiped L ... liquid phase

Claims (6)

第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材との間に、前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材よりも低融点のろう材を介在する工程と、
前記ろう材を溶融して液相に変化させる一方、応力を付与して前記第１の金属部材と前記第２の金属部材との間にすべり量が０．５ｍｍ以上の相対すべりを発生させる工程と、
前記液相を固相に変化させて前記第１の金属部材と前記第２の金属部材とを接合させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とする金属部材の接合方法。 Interposing a brazing material having a melting point lower than that of the first metal member and the second metal member between the first metal member and the second metal member;
A step of melting the brazing material and changing it into a liquid phase, and applying a stress to generate a relative slip between the first metal member and the second metal member with a slip amount of 0.5 mm or more. When,
Changing the liquid phase to a solid phase and joining the first metal member and the second metal member;
A metal member joining method characterized by comprising: 請求項１記載の接合方法において、前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材の双方の端部同士を互いに突き合わせて接合するとき、一方の金属部材の端部にテーパー角が４５°以上のテーパー状凸部を形成し、且つ残余の一方の金属部材の端部に前記テーパー状凸部の形状に対応する形状のテーパー状凹部を形成して、前記テーパー状凸部を前記テーパー状凹部のテーパー面に沿って相対的にすべらせることで相対すべりを発生させることを特徴とする金属部材の接合方法。   2. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein when both ends of the first metal member and the second metal member are brought into contact with each other and joined, the taper angle is 45 ° or more at the end of one of the metal members. A taper-shaped concave portion having a shape corresponding to the shape of the taper-shaped convex portion is formed at the end portion of the remaining one metal member, and the taper-shaped convex portion is formed into the tapered concave portion. A method of joining metal members, wherein relative sliding is generated by sliding relatively along a tapered surface of the metal member. 請求項１記載の接合方法において、前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材の双方の端面同士を接合するとき、一方の金属部材の端面を残余の一方の金属部材の端面に沿って相対的に回転させることで相対すべりを発生させることを特徴とする金属部材の接合方法。   2. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein when the end faces of both the first metal member and the second metal member are joined together, the end face of one metal member is aligned with the end face of the remaining one metal member. A method for joining metal members, characterized in that a relative slip is generated by relatively rotating. 請求項１記載の接合方法において、前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材の双方の端面同士を接合するとき、一方の金属部材の端面を残余の一方の金属部材の端面の延在方向に沿って変位させることで相対すべりを発生させることを特徴とする金属部材の接合方法。   2. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein when the end faces of both the first metal member and the second metal member are joined together, the end face of one metal member is extended to the end face of the remaining one metal member. A method of joining metal members, characterized by causing relative slip by displacing along a direction. 請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の接合方法において、前記ろう材を溶融して相対すべりを発生させる工程を大気中、真空中、不活性ガス中で行うことを特徴とする金属部材の接合方法。   5. The metal member according to claim 1, wherein the step of melting the brazing material to generate a relative slip is performed in air, vacuum, or an inert gas. Joining method. 第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材との間に介在されて前記第１の金属部材及び前記第２の金属部材よりも低融点のろう材を加熱して溶融するための加熱手段と、
前記第１の金属部材と第２の金属部材との間に相対すべりを発生させるための応力付与手段と、
を有することを特徴とする金属部材の接合装置。 A heating means interposed between the first metal member and the second metal member for heating and melting the brazing material having a melting point lower than that of the first metal member and the second metal member;
Stress applying means for generating a relative slip between the first metal member and the second metal member;
An apparatus for joining metal members, comprising:
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