JP2006220272A - Multistage transmission - Google Patents

Multistage transmission Download PDF

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JP2006220272A
JP2006220272A JP2005036322A JP2005036322A JP2006220272A JP 2006220272 A JP2006220272 A JP 2006220272A JP 2005036322 A JP2005036322 A JP 2005036322A JP 2005036322 A JP2005036322 A JP 2005036322A JP 2006220272 A JP2006220272 A JP 2006220272A
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planetary gear
power transmission
gear
elements
shaft
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Shigeo Hirose
茂男 廣瀬
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Rikogaku Shinkokai
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Rikogaku Shinkokai
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multistage transmission with a comparatively simple and miniaturized structure suiting use in a driving system of a robot. <P>SOLUTION: A two stage transmission 10 has two power transmission systems 20 and 40 with different speed reduction ratios, and the power transmission systems respectively have first and second planetary gear systems 24 and 44. By rotating direction change of a motor 12, and change of capability of revolution of planetary gears 244 and 444 of the planetary gear systems, the two stage transmission can be changed to an operating state of normal rotation, reverse rotation, rotation braking, and free rotation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、多段変速装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a multi-stage transmission.

一般に、二足歩行等の歩行運動を行うロボットの駆動系においては、ロボットの脚が自重を支持する状態すなわち支持脚相では大きな力が必要とされるが、高速駆動は必要ない。逆に脚が浮いている状態すなわち遊脚相では大きな力は必要ないが、脚が高速で移動することが好ましい。従って駆動系には2段又はそれ以上の多段変速機が組み込まれることが望ましいが、従来の多段変速機は典型的には自動車のトランスミッションに使用されるものであり、これは大型かつ重いため、ロボットの駆動系への使用は不適当である。そこで小型の多段変速機が望まれるが、例えば非特許文献1には、磁気カップリングを用いた負荷感応型2段変速機が記載されている。   In general, in a driving system of a robot that performs walking motion such as biped walking, a large force is required in a state where the robot's leg supports its own weight, that is, a supporting leg phase, but high-speed driving is not necessary. Conversely, in the state where the leg is floating, that is, in the swing leg phase, a large force is not necessary, but it is preferable that the leg moves at a high speed. Therefore, it is desirable to incorporate a multi-stage transmission of two or more stages in the drive train, but conventional multi-stage transmissions are typically used for automobile transmissions, which are large and heavy, It is not suitable for use in a robot drive system. Therefore, a small multi-stage transmission is desired. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a load-sensitive two-stage transmission using a magnetic coupling.

日本機会学会ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会’97講演論文集、891〜892頁Proceedings of the Japan Opportunity Society Robotics and Mechatronics Lecture '97, 891-892

上述のように従来の多段変速機は、大幅な小型化及び軽量化が達成できないと歩行ロボット等への実用は困難である。変速機における速度切替えには、例えば図6に示すように複数のクラッチを使用することもできる。図6が示す2段変速機は2つのクラッチCを有し、2つのクラッチCの切替え操作によってモータMからボールねじSへの減速比を変えることができる。しかしながら、一般にロボット駆動系に必要とされる十分な伝達トルクを得るにはかなり大型かつ重いクラッチが必要であり、故に変速機全体も大型かつ重いものとなり、やはり実用的でない。従って、ロボットの駆動系には減速比の固定された減速機を使用する場合が多く、その場合は先ず何より自重を支えることが優先されるため、支持脚相優先の大きな減速比の変速機を採用せざるを得ず、遊脚相の動作が鈍重になってしまうのが実情である。また非特許文献1に記載の磁気カップリングを用いた2段変速機は小型化を図るものであるが、負荷感応型とするために磁気カップリングというやや複雑な機構を必要とする。   As described above, the conventional multi-stage transmission is difficult to be practically used for a walking robot or the like unless a significant reduction in size and weight can be achieved. For speed switching in the transmission, for example, a plurality of clutches can be used as shown in FIG. The two-stage transmission shown in FIG. 6 has two clutches C, and the reduction ratio from the motor M to the ball screw S can be changed by switching the two clutches C. However, in order to obtain a sufficient transmission torque generally required for a robot drive system, a considerably large and heavy clutch is necessary, so that the entire transmission becomes large and heavy, which is not practical. Therefore, in many cases, a reduction gear with a fixed reduction ratio is used for the drive system of the robot, and in that case, first of all, priority is given to supporting its own weight. The fact is that the movement of the swing leg phase becomes sluggish because it must be adopted. Further, the two-stage transmission using the magnetic coupling described in Non-Patent Document 1 is intended to be miniaturized, but requires a slightly complicated mechanism called magnetic coupling in order to be load-sensitive.

そこで本発明は、ロボットの駆動系への使用に適した、構造が比較的単純でかつ小型化された多段変速装置を提供することを目的とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-speed transmission that is suitable for use in a drive system of a robot and has a relatively simple structure and a reduced size.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項1に記載の発明は、入力軸と、出力軸と、該入力軸から該出力軸に動力伝達するための、互いに変速比の異なる少なくとも2つの動力伝達系と、を有する多段変速装置であって、前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のいずれか1つのみを動力伝達可能にすることによって第1の変速比での動力伝達を行い、前記いずれか1つの動力伝達系以外の他の1つの動力伝達系のみを動力伝達可能にすることによって、前記第1の変速比と異なる第2の変速比での動力伝達を行い、前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のうち2つ以上の動力伝達系を同時に動力伝達可能にすることによって、前記入力軸及び前記出力軸を停止させる、多段変速装置を提供する。   In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 is directed to an input shaft, an output shaft, and at least two power transmission systems having different gear ratios for transmitting power from the input shaft to the output shaft. A power transmission at a first gear ratio by allowing only one of the at least two power transmission systems to transmit power, and By allowing only one power transmission system other than the transmission system to transmit power, power transmission is performed at a second speed ratio different from the first speed ratio, and of the at least two power transmission systems. Provided is a multi-stage transmission that stops the input shaft and the output shaft by enabling two or more power transmission systems to transmit power simultaneously.

請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の多段変速装置であって、前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系の各々は、前記入力軸に取付けられる入力ホイールと、前記出力軸に取付けられるとともに前記入力ホイールと間接又は直接に常時係合する出力ホイールと、遊星歯車装置とを有し、前記入力ホイール及び前記出力ホイールの一方は前記遊星歯車装置を介して対応する軸に取付けられ、前記入力ホイール及び前記出力ホイールの他方は対応する他の軸に固定的に取付けられ、前記遊星歯車装置の太陽歯車、遊星歯車及び内歯車の3要素のいずれか1つは選択的に固定可能であり、前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のいずれか1つの遊星歯車装置の前記3要素の1つを固定し、他の動力伝達系の遊星歯車装置の前記3要素は全て自由にし、固定された要素を含む遊星歯車装置を備えた動力伝達系によって前記第1の変速比での動力伝達を行い、前記3要素の1つが固定される遊星歯車装置を他の遊星歯車装置に変更することにより、前記第2の変速比での動力伝達を行い、前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のうち2つ以上の遊星歯車装置の前記3要素の1つを固定することによって、前記入力軸及び前記出力軸を停止させる、多段変速装置を提供する。   The invention according to claim 2 is the multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least two power transmission systems is attached to the input wheel attached to the input shaft, and attached to the output shaft. An output wheel that is always indirectly or directly engaged with the input wheel, and a planetary gear device, wherein one of the input wheel and the output wheel is attached to a corresponding shaft via the planetary gear device, and the input wheel The other of the wheel and the output wheel is fixedly attached to the corresponding other shaft, and any one of the three elements of the sun gear, the planetary gear, and the internal gear of the planetary gear device can be selectively fixed. One of the three elements of the planetary gear unit of any one of the at least two power transmission systems is fixed, and the three elements of the planetary gear unit of the other power transmission system are all free and fixed. A power transmission system including a planetary gear device including the arranged elements performs power transmission at the first gear ratio, and changes the planetary gear device to which one of the three elements is fixed to another planetary gear device. To transmit power at the second gear ratio and to fix one of the three elements of two or more planetary gear units out of the at least two power transmission systems. Provided is a multi-stage transmission that stops a shaft.

請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項2に記載の多段変速装置であって、前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系の遊星歯車装置の全ての前記3要素が自由であるときは前記出力軸が自由回転可能になる、多段変速装置を提供する。   The invention according to claim 3 is the multi-stage transmission according to claim 2, wherein the output shaft is free when all three elements of the planetary gear unit of the at least two power transmission systems are free. Provided is a multi-stage transmission capable of rotating.

請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項2又は3に記載の多段変速装置において、前記遊星歯車装置の太陽歯車、遊星歯車及び内歯車の3要素のいずれか1つの固定は、前記太陽歯車及び前記内歯車の回転並びに前記遊星歯車の公転のいずれか1つを制動可能なストッパにより行われる、多段変速装置を提供する。   The invention according to claim 4 is the multi-stage transmission according to claim 2 or 3, wherein any one of the three elements of the sun gear, the planetary gear and the internal gear of the planetary gear device is fixed to the sun gear and Provided is a multi-stage transmission which is performed by a stopper capable of braking any one of the rotation of the internal gear and the revolution of the planetary gear.

請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項4に記載の多段変速装置において、前記ストッパはソレノイドにより駆動される、多段変速装置を提供する。   The invention according to claim 5 provides the multi-stage transmission according to claim 4, wherein the stopper is driven by a solenoid.

請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項4に記載の多段変速装置において、前記ストッパはカムにより駆動される、多段変速装置を提供する。   The invention according to claim 6 provides the multi-stage transmission according to claim 4, wherein the stopper is driven by a cam.

本発明は、クラッチを有さず遊星歯車装置を使用することにより、全体の小型化かつ軽量化が図られた比較的単純な構造の多段変速装置を提供するとともに、正転、逆転、回転制動及び自由回転の4つの状態の切替えを簡易な方法で行うことができる。   The present invention provides a multi-stage transmission having a relatively simple structure that is reduced in size and weight by using a planetary gear device without a clutch, and forward rotation, reverse rotation, and rotational braking. And switching of four states of free rotation can be performed by a simple method.

以下、図面を参照しながら本発明を詳細に説明する。
図1及び図2は、本発明に係る多段変速装置の好適な実施形態である2段変速機10を示す上面図及び側断面図である。なお図2は図1の2−2線における断面図であり、図1は図2に示す変速機10の天板11を明瞭化のために除去した図である。図2に示すように、2段変速機10は、モータ又はアクチュエータ12に連結された入力軸14と、入力軸14に平行に配置されたボールねじ等の出力軸16との間に配置され、モータ12の回転動力を出力軸16に伝達する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 are a top view and a side sectional view showing a two-stage transmission 10 which is a preferred embodiment of the multi-stage transmission according to the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 is a view in which the top plate 11 of the transmission 10 shown in FIG. 2 is removed for clarity. As shown in FIG. 2, the two-stage transmission 10 is disposed between an input shaft 14 connected to a motor or actuator 12 and an output shaft 16 such as a ball screw disposed in parallel to the input shaft 14. The rotational power of the motor 12 is transmitted to the output shaft 16.

2段変速機10は、図2に示すように、2つの動力伝達系すなわち高速伝達系20及び低速伝達系40を備える。高速伝達系20は、入力軸14に固定される入力ホイール例えば第1プーリ22と、出力軸16に取付けられる第1遊星歯車装置24と、第1遊星歯車装置24に取付けられる出力ホイール例えば第2プーリ26とを有する。第1遊星歯車装置24は、太陽歯車242、遊星歯車244及び内歯車(リング歯車)246を有し、本実施形態では、太陽歯車242が出力軸16に固定され、内歯車246が第2プーリ26に固定される。第1プーリ22と第2プーリ26とは、平ベルト、Vベルト又はタイミングベルト等の適当なベルト28により連結される。もちろんプーリ及びベルトの代わりに歯車及びチェーンを用いてもよい。   As shown in FIG. 2, the two-stage transmission 10 includes two power transmission systems, that is, a high speed transmission system 20 and a low speed transmission system 40. The high-speed transmission system 20 includes an input wheel fixed to the input shaft 14 such as a first pulley 22, a first planetary gear device 24 attached to the output shaft 16, and an output wheel attached to the first planetary gear device 24 such as a second wheel. And a pulley 26. The first planetary gear unit 24 includes a sun gear 242, a planetary gear 244, and an internal gear (ring gear) 246. In this embodiment, the sun gear 242 is fixed to the output shaft 16, and the internal gear 246 is a second pulley. 26 is fixed. The first pulley 22 and the second pulley 26 are connected by an appropriate belt 28 such as a flat belt, a V belt, or a timing belt. Of course, gears and chains may be used instead of pulleys and belts.

遊星歯車244はシャフト29等の適当な連結手段を介して出力軸16を中心とする遊星歯車キャリヤ(本実施例では平歯車)30に接続され、図1に示すように、平歯車30は適所に配置された第1ソレノイド32に連結された可動の第1ストッパ34により回転制動可能である。より詳細には、第1ストッパ34の爪36が平歯車30の歯に係合する方向に第1ストッパ34を付勢する板ばね等の第1付勢手段38を適所に配設し、第1ソレノイド32は作動時に第1ストッパ34を、その爪36が板ばね38の付勢力に逆らって平歯車の歯から離れる方向に動かすことができる。このような構成によれば、遊星歯車242は、第1ストッパ34が平歯車30の回転を制動しているときは公転せず、この状態で内歯車246から太陽歯車242への動力伝達が可能になる。逆に第1ストッパ34の爪36が第1ソレノイド32によって平歯車30の歯から離れているときは、遊星歯車242は公転自在なので内歯車246から太陽歯車242への動力伝達がなされず、非動力伝達状態いわゆるニュートラル状態になる。なお本実施形態では、太陽歯車242を出力側、内歯車246を入力側とし、遊星歯車244の公転を固定可能としているが、他の組み合わせでももちろんよい。   The planetary gear 244 is connected to a planetary gear carrier (in this embodiment, a spur gear) 30 around the output shaft 16 through a suitable connecting means such as a shaft 29. As shown in FIG. Rotation braking is possible by a movable first stopper 34 connected to a first solenoid 32 disposed in the position. More specifically, first biasing means 38 such as a leaf spring that biases the first stopper 34 in a direction in which the claw 36 of the first stopper 34 engages with the teeth of the spur gear 30 is disposed at a suitable position. 1 solenoid 32 can move the 1st stopper 34 in the direction which the nail | claw 36 leaves | separates from the tooth | gear of a spur gear against the urging | biasing force of the leaf | plate spring 38 at the time of an action | operation. According to such a configuration, the planetary gear 242 does not revolve when the first stopper 34 brakes the rotation of the spur gear 30, and power can be transmitted from the internal gear 246 to the sun gear 242 in this state. become. On the contrary, when the pawl 36 of the first stopper 34 is separated from the teeth of the spur gear 30 by the first solenoid 32, the planetary gear 242 can revolve, so that power transmission from the internal gear 246 to the sun gear 242 is not performed. The power transmission state becomes a so-called neutral state. In this embodiment, the sun gear 242 is set as the output side, the internal gear 246 is set as the input side, and the revolution of the planetary gear 244 can be fixed.

低速伝達系40も、高速伝達系20と概ね同様の構成を有する。すなわち低速伝達系40は、入力軸14に取付けられる第2遊星歯車装置44と、第2遊星歯車装置44に取付けられる入力ホイール例えば第3プーリ42と、出力軸16に固定される出力ホイール例えば第4プーリ46とを有する。第2遊星歯車装置44は、太陽歯車442、遊星歯車444及び内歯車446を有し、本実施形態では、太陽歯車442が入力軸14に固定され、内歯車446が第3プーリ42に固定される。第3プーリ42と第4プーリ46とは、平ベルト、Vベルト又はタイミングベルト等の適当なベルト48により連結される。もちろんプーリ及びベルトの代わりに歯車及びチェーンを用いてもよい。   The low-speed transmission system 40 also has substantially the same configuration as the high-speed transmission system 20. That is, the low speed transmission system 40 includes a second planetary gear device 44 attached to the input shaft 14, an input wheel such as the third pulley 42 attached to the second planetary gear device 44, and an output wheel such as the first pulley fixed to the output shaft 16. 4 pulleys 46. The second planetary gear device 44 includes a sun gear 442, a planetary gear 444, and an internal gear 446. In this embodiment, the sun gear 442 is fixed to the input shaft 14, and the internal gear 446 is fixed to the third pulley 42. The The third pulley 42 and the fourth pulley 46 are connected by an appropriate belt 48 such as a flat belt, a V belt, or a timing belt. Of course, gears and chains may be used instead of pulleys and belts.

遊星歯車444はシャフト49等の適当な連結手段を介して入力軸14を中心とする遊星歯車キャリヤ(本実施例では平歯車)50に接続され、図1に示すように、平歯車50は適所に配置された第2ソレノイド52に連結された可動の第2ストッパ54により回転制動可能である。より詳細には、第2ストッパ54の爪56が平歯車50の歯に係合する方向に第2ストッパ54を付勢する板ばね等の第2付勢手段58を適所に配設し、第2ソレノイド52は作動時に第2ストッパ54を、その爪56が板ばね58の付勢力に逆らって平歯車の歯から離れる方向に動かすことができる。またソレノイドの代わりに、カム及びカムを駆動する小型モータを利用したカム機構を用いてもよい。このような構成によれば、遊星歯車442は、第2ストッパ54が平歯車50の回転を制動しているときは公転せず、この状態で太陽歯車442から内歯車446への動力伝達が可能になる。第2ストッパ54の爪56が第2ソレノイド52によって平歯車50の歯から離れているときは、遊星歯車442は公転自在なので太陽歯車442から内歯車446への動力伝達がなされず、いわゆるニュートラルの状態になる。なお本実施形態では、太陽歯車442を入力側、内歯車446を出力側とし、遊星歯車444を固定しているが、他の組み合わせでももちろんよい。高速伝達系20及び低速伝達系40それぞれの減速比は、プーリ径及び遊星歯車装置の各歯車の歯数によって任意に設定可能である。   The planetary gear 444 is connected to a planetary gear carrier (in this embodiment, a spur gear) 50 centered on the input shaft 14 through a suitable connecting means such as a shaft 49. As shown in FIG. Rotation braking is possible by a movable second stopper 54 connected to a second solenoid 52 arranged at the position. More specifically, second urging means 58 such as a leaf spring that urges the second stopper 54 in a direction in which the claw 56 of the second stopper 54 engages with the teeth of the spur gear 50 is disposed at a suitable position. The two solenoid 52 can move the second stopper 54 in the direction in which the claw 56 moves away from the spur gear teeth against the urging force of the leaf spring 58 during operation. In place of the solenoid, a cam mechanism using a cam and a small motor for driving the cam may be used. According to such a configuration, the planetary gear 442 does not revolve when the second stopper 54 brakes the rotation of the spur gear 50, and power can be transmitted from the sun gear 442 to the internal gear 446 in this state. become. When the pawl 56 of the second stopper 54 is separated from the teeth of the spur gear 50 by the second solenoid 52, the planetary gear 442 can revolve, so that no power is transmitted from the sun gear 442 to the internal gear 446, so-called neutral It becomes a state. In the present embodiment, the sun gear 442 is the input side, the internal gear 446 is the output side, and the planetary gear 444 is fixed. However, other combinations may of course be used. The reduction ratios of the high-speed transmission system 20 and the low-speed transmission system 40 can be arbitrarily set according to the pulley diameter and the number of teeth of each gear of the planetary gear device.

次に2段変速機10の作動形態について説明する。2段変速機を第1の変速比すなわち高速で使用する場合は、第1遊星歯車装置24を動力伝達可能にして第2遊星歯車装置44をニュートラルにすればよいので、第1ソレノイド32は作動させず(すなわち第1ストッパ34が平歯車30の回転を抑制)、第2ソレノイド52を作動させ(すなわち第2ストッパ54が平歯車50を回転可能にする)ればよい。逆に、2段変速機を第2の変速比すなわち低速で使用する場合は、第2遊星歯車装置44を動力伝達可能にして第1遊星歯車装置24をニュートラルにすればよいので、第2ソレノイド52は作動させず(すなわち第2ストッパ54が平歯車50の回転を抑制)、第1ソレノイド32を作動させ(すなわち第1ストッパ34が平歯車30を回転可能にする)ればよい。また高速時及び低速時それぞれについて逆回転動作を行う場合は、モータ12の回転方向を逆転させればよい。   Next, the operation mode of the two-speed transmission 10 will be described. When the two-speed transmission is used at the first gear ratio, that is, at a high speed, the first planetary gear device 24 may be neutralized by enabling the first planetary gear device 24 to transmit power, so that the first solenoid 32 operates. It is sufficient that the second solenoid 52 is operated (that is, the second stopper 54 enables the spur gear 50 to rotate) without being operated (that is, the first stopper 34 suppresses the rotation of the spur gear 30). On the contrary, when the two-speed transmission is used at the second speed ratio, that is, at a low speed, the second planetary gear device 44 can transmit power and the first planetary gear device 24 can be made neutral. 52 is not operated (that is, the second stopper 54 suppresses the rotation of the spur gear 50), and the first solenoid 32 is operated (that is, the first stopper 34 enables the spur gear 30 to rotate). Moreover, what is necessary is just to reverse the rotation direction of the motor 12, when performing reverse rotation operation | movement about each at the time of high speed and low speed.

本発明の2段変速機において回転制動を行う場合は、2つのソレノイド32及び52をいずれも作動させず、すなわち2つの平歯車30及び50をいずれも回転不能とすればよい。この場合、高速伝達系20及び低速伝達系40のいずれも入力軸14から出力軸16へ動力伝達しようとするが、両者の減速比は互いに異なるので、結果として入力軸14及び出力軸16はいずれも回転できずブレーキがかかった状態となる。従ってこの2段変速機においては、2つの動力伝達系20及び40が協働してブレーキ機構を構成することができ、ブレーキ機構を別途必要としないにも関わらず、確実に出力軸の回転すなわち駆動を停止させることができる。これは大きな長所である。   When rotational braking is performed in the two-stage transmission of the present invention, neither of the two solenoids 32 and 52 should be operated, that is, the two spur gears 30 and 50 may be disabled. In this case, both the high-speed transmission system 20 and the low-speed transmission system 40 attempt to transmit power from the input shaft 14 to the output shaft 16, but the reduction ratios of the two are different from each other. Will not be able to rotate, and the brake will be applied. Accordingly, in this two-stage transmission, the two power transmission systems 20 and 40 can cooperate to form a brake mechanism, and the rotation of the output shaft can be reliably performed although the brake mechanism is not required separately. The driving can be stopped. This is a great advantage.

一方、2つのソレノイド32及び52をいずれも作動させると、2つの平歯車30及び50はいずれも回転可能になり、高速伝達系20及び低速伝達系40のいずれも動力伝達せず、結果として2段変速機全体をニュートラル状態とすることができる。ただしロボット制御等においてニュートラル状態(すなわち出力軸が自由に回転できる状態)になることが危険とされる場合は、高速伝達系20及び低速伝達系40の双方が同時に非動力伝達状態になることを防止する制御をして、ロボットとして安全な動作を実現することもできる。   On the other hand, when the two solenoids 32 and 52 are both operated, the two spur gears 30 and 50 are both rotatable, and neither the high-speed transmission system 20 nor the low-speed transmission system 40 transmits power, resulting in 2 The entire stage transmission can be set to the neutral state. However, if it is dangerous that the neutral state (that is, the state where the output shaft can freely rotate) is considered in robot control or the like, both the high-speed transmission system 20 and the low-speed transmission system 40 are in the non-power transmission state at the same time. It is also possible to realize a safe operation as a robot by performing control to prevent.

なお高速伝達系20及び低速伝達系40それぞれの変速比は、プーリ及び遊星歯車装置の各変速比の組み合わせにより任意に選定できる。例えば、高速伝達系20の場合、第1プーリ22と第2プーリ26との変速比を1/3、第1遊星歯車装置24の変速比を3とすれば全体の変速比は1/3×3=1となり、低速伝達系40の場合、第2遊星歯車装置44の変速比を1/3、第3プーリ42と第4プーリ46との変速比を2/3とすれば全体の変速比は1/3×2/3=2/9となる。   Note that the gear ratios of the high-speed transmission system 20 and the low-speed transmission system 40 can be arbitrarily selected depending on the combination of the gear ratios of the pulley and the planetary gear device. For example, in the case of the high-speed transmission system 20, if the transmission ratio of the first pulley 22 and the second pulley 26 is 1/3 and the transmission ratio of the first planetary gear unit 24 is 3, the overall transmission ratio is 1/3 ×. 3 = 1, and in the case of the low-speed transmission system 40, if the speed ratio of the second planetary gear unit 44 is 1/3 and the speed ratio of the third pulley 42 and the fourth pulley 46 is 2/3, the overall speed ratio Is 1/3 × 2/3 = 2/9.

上述の図1及び図2に示す実施形態においては、一方の遊星歯車装置が出力軸側に設けられ、他方の遊星歯車装置が入力軸側に設けられているが、例えば図3に示すように、遊星歯車装置24及び44の双方が入力軸14側及び出力軸16側のいずれかに設けられてもよい(図3はいずれも入力軸14側に設けられた形態を図示)。この場合、2つのストッパ34及び54はいずれも入力軸14側に設けられ、これらのストッパの作動状態の組合わせによって上述の4つの作動形態(高速、低速、制動及びニュートラル)を実現することができる。なお図3は、低減速比の状態を示す。   In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above, one planetary gear device is provided on the output shaft side and the other planetary gear device is provided on the input shaft side. For example, as shown in FIG. Both of the planetary gear devices 24 and 44 may be provided on either the input shaft 14 side or the output shaft 16 side (FIG. 3 shows a form in which both are provided on the input shaft 14 side). In this case, the two stoppers 34 and 54 are both provided on the input shaft 14 side, and the above four operation modes (high speed, low speed, braking and neutral) can be realized by combining the operation states of these stoppers. it can. FIG. 3 shows the state of the reduction speed ratio.

図1及び図2に示す実施形態では、遊星歯車の要素固定のためにストッパ及びソレノイドを使用しているが、例えば図4に示すように、ソレノイドの代わりにカム機構を用いてもよい。図4に示す実施形態では、2つのストッパとして第1及び第2ブレーキシュー134及び154を設け、各ブレーキシューは第1及び第2アーム136及び156にそれぞれ取付けられる。各アームはその一端を固定シャフト138に枢結され、他端にはロッド140及び160がそれぞれ取付けられる。各ロッドは、固定プレート142に相対移動可能に保持される。第1及び第2スプリング144及び164はそれぞれ、第1及び第2アーム136及び156を、第1及び第2ブレーキシュー134及び154が平歯車130及び150に当接する方向(すなわち平歯車を制動するように)に付勢する。第1及び第2カム146及び166は、それぞれ第1及び第2アーム136及び156に当接して、スプリングの付勢力に逆らって第1及び第2ブレーキシュー134及び154がそれぞれ平歯車130及び150から離れさせることができる。第1及び第2カム146及び166の動作は、例えば図示しない小型モータによって行うことができる。また第1及び第2カム146及び166の回り過ぎを防止して適切な回転動作範囲を得るために、巻きばね148及び168をそれぞれ設けることが好ましい。なお図4は、図3に対応した低減速比の状態を示す。   In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a stopper and a solenoid are used for fixing the elements of the planetary gear. However, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, a cam mechanism may be used instead of the solenoid. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, first and second brake shoes 134 and 154 are provided as two stoppers, and each brake shoe is attached to the first and second arms 136 and 156, respectively. Each arm is pivotally connected at one end to a fixed shaft 138, and rods 140 and 160 are attached to the other end, respectively. Each rod is held by the fixed plate 142 so as to be relatively movable. The first and second springs 144 and 164 respectively brake the first and second arms 136 and 156 in the direction in which the first and second brake shoes 134 and 154 abut against the spur gears 130 and 150 (that is, brake the spur gear). So that). The first and second cams 146 and 166 abut against the first and second arms 136 and 156, respectively, and the first and second brake shoes 134 and 154 are spur gears 130 and 150 against the biasing force of the spring, respectively. Can be moved away from. The operation of the first and second cams 146 and 166 can be performed by a small motor (not shown), for example. In order to prevent the first and second cams 146 and 166 from rotating too much and obtain an appropriate rotational operation range, it is preferable to provide the winding springs 148 and 168, respectively. FIG. 4 shows a state of a reduction speed ratio corresponding to FIG.

図5は、カム機構を用いた本発明の実施形態の変形例を示す。図4の実施形態と異なる点は、第1及び第2スプリング144′及び164′がそれぞれ第1及び第2アーム136′及び156′を、第1及び第2ブレーキシュー134′及び154′がそれぞれ平歯車130′及び150′から離れる方向に付勢し、逆に第1及び第2カム146′及び166′がそれぞれ第1及び第2アーム136′及び156′に当接したときは、第1及び第2ブレーキシュー134′及び154′がそれぞれ平歯車130′及び150′を制動することである。なお図5も、図3に対応した低減速比の状態を示す。   FIG. 5 shows a modification of the embodiment of the present invention using a cam mechanism. 4 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 4 in that the first and second springs 144 'and 164' are the first and second arms 136 'and 156', respectively, and the first and second brake shoes 134 'and 154' are each. When the first and second cams 146 'and 166' abut against the first and second arms 136 'and 156', respectively, in the direction away from the spur gears 130 'and 150', the first And second brake shoes 134 'and 154' brake the spur gears 130 'and 150', respectively. FIG. 5 also shows the state of the reduction speed ratio corresponding to FIG.

以上説明したように、本発明は、比較的大型のクラッチを必要とせず、主として単純な遊星歯車装置からなる小型かつ軽量の多段変速装置を提供する。このような多段変速装置は例えば、歩行運動を行うロボットに応用することができ、上述の支持脚相では減速比を大きくし、遊脚相では減速比を小さくして、効率的な歩行運動を実現することができる。また複数の遊星歯車装置を動力伝達状態にすることによって、確実なブレーキ効果を得ることもできる。なお説明した実施形態は2段変速機であるが、同様の考え方により3段以上の多段変速装置を実現することが可能であることは容易に理解されよう。   As described above, the present invention provides a small and lightweight multi-speed transmission mainly composed of a simple planetary gear device without requiring a relatively large clutch. Such a multi-stage transmission can be applied to, for example, a robot that performs a walking motion. In the above-described supporting leg phase, the reduction gear ratio is increased, and in the free leg phase, the reduction gear ratio is decreased, thereby performing an efficient walking motion. Can be realized. In addition, a reliable braking effect can be obtained by setting a plurality of planetary gear devices in a power transmission state. Although the described embodiment is a two-stage transmission, it will be easily understood that a multi-stage transmission having three or more stages can be realized by the same concept.

本発明に係る多段変速装置の好適な実施形態である2段変速機の概略上面図である。1 is a schematic top view of a two-stage transmission that is a preferred embodiment of a multi-stage transmission according to the present invention. 図1の2−2線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the 2-2 line of FIG. 本発明に係る多段変速装置の他の好適な実施形態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of other suitable embodiments of the multi-stage transmission concerning the present invention. ソレノイドの代わりにカム機構を用いた実施例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the Example which used the cam mechanism instead of the solenoid. 図4の変形例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the modification of FIG. クラッチを用いた2段変速機の一例を示す概略の側面図である。It is a schematic side view showing an example of a two-stage transmission using a clutch.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 2段変速機
12 モータ
14 入力軸
16 出力軸
22、26、42、46 プーリ
24、44 遊星歯車装置
30、50 平歯車
32、52 ソレノイド
34、54 ストッパ
146、166、146′、166′ カム
10 Two-speed transmission 12 Motor 14 Input shaft 16 Output shaft 22, 26, 42, 46 Pulley 24, 44 Planetary gear unit 30, 50 Spur gear 32, 52 Solenoid 34, 54 Stopper 146, 166, 146 ', 166' Cam

Claims (6)

入力軸と、出力軸と、該入力軸から該出力軸に動力伝達するための、互いに変速比の異なる少なくとも2つの動力伝達系と、を有する多段変速装置であって、
前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のいずれか1つのみを動力伝達可能にすることによって第1の変速比での動力伝達を行い、
前記いずれか1つの動力伝達系以外の他の1つの動力伝達系のみを動力伝達可能にすることによって、前記第1の変速比と異なる第2の変速比での動力伝達を行い、
前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のうち2つ以上の動力伝達系を同時に動力伝達可能にすることによって、前記入力軸及び前記出力軸を停止させる、
多段変速装置。
A multi-stage transmission device having an input shaft, an output shaft, and at least two power transmission systems having different gear ratios for transmitting power from the input shaft to the output shaft,
Performing power transmission at a first gear ratio by enabling power transmission only in any one of the at least two power transmission systems;
By allowing only one power transmission system other than the one power transmission system to transmit power, power transmission is performed at a second speed ratio different from the first speed ratio,
The input shaft and the output shaft are stopped by enabling two or more power transmission systems of the at least two power transmission systems to transmit power simultaneously.
Multi-stage transmission.
前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系の各々は、前記入力軸に取付けられる入力ホイールと、前記出力軸に取付けられるとともに前記入力ホイールと間接又は直接に常時係合する出力ホイールと、遊星歯車装置とを有し、前記入力ホイール及び前記出力ホイールの一方は前記遊星歯車装置を介して対応する軸に取付けられ、前記入力ホイール及び前記出力ホイールの他方は対応する他の軸に固定的に取付けられ、前記遊星歯車装置の太陽歯車、遊星歯車及び内歯車の3要素のいずれか1つは選択的に固定可能であり、
前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のいずれか1つの遊星歯車装置の前記3要素の1つを固定し、他の動力伝達系の遊星歯車装置の前記3要素は全て自由にし、固定された要素を含む遊星歯車装置を備えた動力伝達系によって前記第1の変速比での動力伝達を行い、
前記3要素の1つが固定される遊星歯車装置を他の遊星歯車装置に変更することにより、前記第2の変速比での動力伝達を行い、
前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系のうち2つ以上の遊星歯車装置の前記3要素の1つを固定することによって、前記入力軸及び前記出力軸を停止させる、請求項1に記載の多段変速装置。
Each of the at least two power transmission systems includes an input wheel that is attached to the input shaft, an output wheel that is attached to the output shaft and is always indirectly or directly engaged with the input wheel, and a planetary gear device. One of the input wheel and the output wheel is attached to a corresponding shaft via the planetary gear device, and the other of the input wheel and the output wheel is fixedly attached to another shaft corresponding to the planetary gear. Any one of the three elements of the sun gear, planetary gear, and internal gear of the gear device can be selectively fixed.
One of the three elements of the planetary gear unit of any one of the at least two power transmission systems is fixed, and the three elements of the planetary gear unit of the other power transmission system are all free and include fixed elements. Power transmission at the first gear ratio is performed by a power transmission system including a planetary gear device,
By changing the planetary gear device to which one of the three elements is fixed to another planetary gear device, power transmission at the second gear ratio is performed,
2. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein the input shaft and the output shaft are stopped by fixing one of the three elements of two or more planetary gear devices of the at least two power transmission systems.
前記少なくとも2つの動力伝達系の遊星歯車装置の全ての前記3要素が自由であるときは前記出力軸が自由回転可能になる、請求項2に記載の多段変速装置。   The multi-stage transmission according to claim 2, wherein the output shaft is freely rotatable when all the three elements of the planetary gear unit of the at least two power transmission systems are free. 前記遊星歯車装置の太陽歯車、遊星歯車及び内歯車の3要素のいずれか1つの固定は、前記太陽歯車及び前記内歯車の回転並びに前記遊星歯車の公転のいずれか1つを制動可能なストッパにより行われる、請求項2又は3に記載の多段変速装置。   Any one of the three elements of the sun gear, the planetary gear, and the internal gear of the planetary gear device is fixed by a stopper capable of braking any one of the rotation of the sun gear and the internal gear and the revolution of the planetary gear. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 2 or 3, which is performed. 前記ストッパはソレノイドにより駆動される、請求項4に記載の多段変速装置。   The multi-stage transmission according to claim 4, wherein the stopper is driven by a solenoid. 前記ストッパはカムにより駆動される、請求項4に記載の多段変速装置。   The multi-stage transmission according to claim 4, wherein the stopper is driven by a cam.
JP2005036322A 2005-02-14 2005-02-14 Multistage transmission Pending JP2006220272A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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JP2008057566A (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-13 Ihi Corp Two-way clutch and joint part structure
KR20160017953A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-02-17 삼성전자주식회사 A driving module, a motion assist apparatus comprising the driving module and a control method of the motion assist apparatus
KR20160017969A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-02-17 삼성전자주식회사 A driving module, a motion assist apparatus comprising the driving module and a control method of the motion assist apparatus

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008057566A (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-13 Ihi Corp Two-way clutch and joint part structure
KR20160017953A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-02-17 삼성전자주식회사 A driving module, a motion assist apparatus comprising the driving module and a control method of the motion assist apparatus
KR20160017969A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-02-17 삼성전자주식회사 A driving module, a motion assist apparatus comprising the driving module and a control method of the motion assist apparatus
JP2016036902A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-03-22 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. Driving module, motion assistance apparatus including driving module, and method of controlling motion assistance apparatus
JP2016038093A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-03-22 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. Driving module, and motion assistance apparatus including driving module
CN106137684A (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-11-23 三星电子株式会社 Drive the method for module, exercise aid device and control exercise aid device
US10285892B2 (en) 2014-08-07 2019-05-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Driving module, motion assistance apparatus including the driving module, and method of controlling the motion assistance apparatus
CN110170990A (en) * 2014-08-07 2019-08-27 三星电子株式会社 Drive module
US10441441B2 (en) 2014-08-07 2019-10-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Driving module, motion assistance apparatus including the driving module, and method of controlling the motion assistance apparatus
KR102125078B1 (en) * 2014-08-07 2020-06-19 삼성전자주식회사 A driving module, a motion assist apparatus comprising the driving module and a control method of the motion assist apparatus
KR102167184B1 (en) * 2014-08-07 2020-10-16 삼성전자주식회사 A driving module, a motion assist apparatus comprising the driving module and a control method of the motion assist apparatus
CN110170990B (en) * 2014-08-07 2022-07-12 三星电子株式会社 Drive module
US11672722B2 (en) 2014-08-07 2023-06-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Driving module, motion assistance apparatus including the driving module, and method of controlling the motion assistance apparatus

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