JP2005526632A - 多重押出機を配置した構造 - Google Patents

多重押出機を配置した構造 Download PDF

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JP2005526632A
JP2005526632A JP2003554396A JP2003554396A JP2005526632A JP 2005526632 A JP2005526632 A JP 2005526632A JP 2003554396 A JP2003554396 A JP 2003554396A JP 2003554396 A JP2003554396 A JP 2003554396A JP 2005526632 A JP2005526632 A JP 2005526632A
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extruder
screw
rotating twin
twin screw
extruders
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JP4170915B2 (ja
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ウプフス,ラインハルト
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KraussMaffei Extrusion GmbH
KraussMaffei Berstorff GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7476Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
    • B29B7/7495Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/487Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for feeding, discharging, mixing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489Screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/41Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】 一方で滞留時間制限プロセス用に高い平均滞留時間を許容し、他方でトルク制限プロセス用にスクリュー長さに関して高いトルクを可能とする多重押出機配置を提供する。
【解決手段】 本発明は、2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機と1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が流動の点で互いに結合されている多重押出機配置に関する。

Description

本発明は、二軸スクリュー押出機を使用した多重押出機を配置した構造に関する。
コンパウンディングには多くのプロセスが存在する。これらのプロセスでは、トルクが制限されるかまたは滞留時間が制限されるかのいずれかが行なわれている。
トルク制限プロセスの例としては、ゴムコンパウンドを連続して混合する場合があり、二軸スクリュー押出機の回転数は極力低く抑えられねばならない。なぜならば、混合物の粘度がきわめて高いので混合物中に機械的熱放散によって温度問題が生じるからである。しかしながら、こうした低い回転数と受入れ可能な押出し量とにおいてスクリュー軸に発生するトルクはきわめて高い。押出し量を一定にした場合回転数は、通常、トルクが最大許容トルクよりも僅かに小さくなるまで高められる。しかしこれにより成形材料温度が再び上昇する。
滞留時間制限プロセスの例としては、ケイ酸含有ゴム混合物の連続シラン化、または完全架橋型熱可塑性加硫ゴムの動的加硫(TPE−V)の場合などがある。
両方のプロセスでは、二軸スクリュー押出機で押出し中に化学反応が起き、この反応が一定の滞留時間を(許容平均成形材料温度に依存して)必要とするようになる。
二軸スクリュー押出機では、その機械長に伴って軸の絶対ねじれ(absoluten Torsion)が上昇するので、約60Dに限界がある。それより大きな長さは摩耗増加を意味しよう。
さらに、配合終了した混合物が同じ作業ステップにおいて、ノズルを介して成形しおよび/またはスクリーンパックに押し通して大きな粒子を除去することがさらに強く求められる。両方とも比較的大きな増圧を意味する。同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機は確かに混合課題にきわめて適しているが、しかしそのポンプ効率が低いので高圧を増成するのにはごく限定的にのみ適している。この場合、高粘性混合物のとき熱放散によってきわめて多くの熱が生成されることになる。
本発明の課題は、一方で滞留時間制限プロセス用に高い平均滞留時間を許容し、他方でトルク制限プロセス用にスクリュー長さに関して高いトルクを可能とする多重押出機配置を提供することである。その際、同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機の良好な混合特性と異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機の優れた増圧能力が利用される。
この課題は、本発明によれば、2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機と1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が流動の点で互いに結合されていることによって解決される。
本発明の第1構成によれば、2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機と1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が前後に配置されている。こうして、スクリュー長さ当りのトルクもしくは滞留時間を倍にすることができる。後段の異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機は、この場合には、増圧部材として利用されている。
第2構成によれば、2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が互いに平行に配置されており、その際スクリュー対が同方向回転または異方向回転を有することができ、両方の同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機の後段に、増圧に役立つ1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が設けられている。
その際、各1つのスクリュー対の異方向回転を備えたスクリュー軸の各1つは延長され、かつ後段の二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸に移行しており、そのスクリュー軸は次に異方向に回転する。
この多重押出機配置用に、4つの駆動軸を備えた駆動装置を利用することができ、これらの出力軸は同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸と結合されている。
6つの出力軸を有する駆動装置を設け、この駆動装置でこの場合スクリュー軸を個々に駆動することも可能である。
しかし最後に、このような多重押出機配置において、スクリュー軸のそれぞれ末端に歯車を設けておくこともでき、これらの歯車は同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸が異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸を駆動するように互いにかみ合っている。
その際、二軸スクリュー押出機の歯車が後続の異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸の歯車とそれぞれかみ合いかつこれらが互いにかみ合うように、合計6つの歯車を配置するのが有利である。
実施例を基に本発明を説明する。
図1に示す多重押出機配置では、2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機1、2が平行に上下に配置されている。被押出し材料3は、上側押出機1内に供給されている。被押出し材料は、第1押出機1内に押し通されたのち、第2押出機2に供給され、最後には逆作動器として構成される異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機4内に達するようになっている。
図2および図3は、図1の実施におけるような被押出し材料の流動経路を示している。ここでは単に異なる駆動方式が示してあり、図2では同方向回転押出機2、3のスクリュー軸は図示しない駆動装置の4つの出力軸によって駆動されている。各スクリュー軸の末端に配置される歯車5を介して2つの他の歯車6が駆動され、後者はそれ自体、後段の異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機4のスクリュー軸7に移行している。
図3の構成では、駆動装置が歯車5に作用し、これらの歯車は、次に歯車6を介して後段の二軸スクリュー押出機4のスクリュー軸を駆動している。この場合、図2の構成とは異なり、異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機の駆動軸は、同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー対と平行に案内されている。その際、歯車6は互いにかみ合うか、またはかみ合わなくてもよい。
図3のこの構成では駆動装置が歯車6に作用することもでき、その場合この歯車は歯車5を介してスクリュー押出機2、3のスクリュー軸を駆動する。その場合駆動は2つの駆動軸を介して行われる。
多重押出機配置を示す斜視図である。 被押出し材料の流動経路を示す斜視図である。 被押出し材料の流動経路を示す斜視図である。

Claims (8)

  1. 2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機と1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機とが流通している状態で互いに結合されていることを特徴とする多重押出機を配置した構造。
  2. 2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機と1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が前後に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
  3. 2つの同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が互いに平行に配置されており、スクリュー対が同方向回転または異方向回転を有することができ、両方の同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機の後段に、増圧に役立つ1つの異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
  4. 各1つのスクリュー対の異方向回転を有するスクリュー軸の各1つが延長されかつ後段の二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸に移行しており、そのスクリュー軸が次に異方向回転することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
  5. 4つの出力軸を有する駆動装置が設けられており、これらの出力軸が同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸と結合されていることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
  6. スクリュー軸が個々に駆動可能であるように、6つの出力軸を備えた駆動装置が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
  7. スクリュー軸のそれぞれ末端に歯車が配置されており、これらの歯車は同方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸が異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸を駆動するように互いにかみ合っていることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
  8. 二軸スクリュー押出機の歯車は、後続の異方向回転二軸スクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸の歯車とそれぞれかみ合い、かつ互いにかみ合うように、合計6つの歯車が互いにかみ合わせて設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の多重押出機を配置した構造。
JP2003554396A 2001-12-07 2002-12-05 多重押出機を配置した構造 Expired - Fee Related JP4170915B2 (ja)

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DE10162076A DE10162076B4 (de) 2001-12-07 2001-12-07 Mehrfach-Extruderanordnung
PCT/DE2002/004503 WO2003053646A1 (de) 2001-12-07 2002-12-05 Mehrfach-extruderanordnung

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US7017732B2 (en) 2006-03-28
US20050069601A1 (en) 2005-03-31
EP1453645B1 (de) 2006-07-19
CN100386192C (zh) 2008-05-07
RU2312014C2 (ru) 2007-12-10
AU2002357967A1 (en) 2003-07-09
DE10162076A1 (de) 2003-06-26
CN1599658A (zh) 2005-03-23
JP4170915B2 (ja) 2008-10-22
EP1453645A1 (de) 2004-09-08

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