JP2005099867A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor Download PDF

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JP2005099867A
JP2005099867A JP2004360214A JP2004360214A JP2005099867A JP 2005099867 A JP2005099867 A JP 2005099867A JP 2004360214 A JP2004360214 A JP 2004360214A JP 2004360214 A JP2004360214 A JP 2004360214A JP 2005099867 A JP2005099867 A JP 2005099867A
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Masanari Asano
真生 浅野
Yoshihiko Eto
嘉彦 江藤
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor ensuring few image defects, having high sensitivity and high durability, causing no degradation of image quality in actual copying on a large number of sheets, free of deterioration of sensitivity due to film wear and faulty cleaning, and excellent in lubricity and mechanical properties by using a coating liquid excellent in stability and nearly free of generation of bubbles therein. <P>SOLUTION: In the electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by disposing a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, the photosensitive layer contains a copolymer comprising at least a repeating structural unit shown by formula [2-1] and a repeating structural unit shown by formula [2-5]. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は電子写真分野における感光体に関するもので、複写機やプリンター中に組み込んで使用される有機電子写真感光体に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a photoconductor in the field of electrophotography, and relates to an organic electrophotographic photoconductor used by being incorporated in a copying machine or a printer.

従来電子写真法として最も代表的な、カールソン法での複写機について説明すれば、感光体を一様に帯電させた後、露光によって電荷を像様に消去せしめ、静電荷潜像を形成する。これをトナーによって現像して可視化し、次いでそのトナーを紙などの転写体に転写してから定着する。   A description will be given of a copying machine based on the Carlson method, which is the most typical conventional electrophotographic method. After the photosensitive member is uniformly charged, the charge is erased imagewise by exposure to form an electrostatic latent image. This is developed and visualized with toner, and then the toner is transferred to a transfer body such as paper and fixed.

一方、感光体は、残存している付着トナーの除去や、除電等の表面浄化処理が施され、長期にわたって繰り返し使用される。   On the other hand, the photoconductor is subjected to surface cleaning treatment such as removal of remaining adhered toner and charge removal, and is used repeatedly over a long period of time.

従って、電子写真感光体としては、帯電特性及び感度が良好で、更に暗減衰が低いなど、電子写真特性は勿論、加えて繰り返し使用での耐刷性、耐摩耗性、表面に傷が付きにくい等の物理的特性、コロナ放電によって発生するオゾンに対する耐性、露光時に受ける紫外線などへの耐久性においても良いことが要求され、実用上はこれらの点が問題視される。   Therefore, as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, the charging characteristics and sensitivity are good, and the dark decay is low. In addition to the electrophotographic characteristics, printing durability, abrasion resistance, and scratches on the surface are not easily scratched. It is required to have good physical properties such as resistance to ozone generated by corona discharge and durability to ultraviolet rays received during exposure, and these points are regarded as problems in practical use.

これまで電子写真感光体としては、セレン、酸化亜鉛、カドミュウムなどの無機光導電性物質を感光層の主成分とする所謂無機感光体が、広く用いられてきた。しかし、これらの無機感光体は有害なものが多く環境対策上問題がある。   Until now, so-called inorganic photoreceptors having an inorganic photoconductive substance such as selenium, zinc oxide, cadmium or the like as the main component of the photosensitive layer have been widely used as electrophotographic photoreceptors. However, these inorganic photoreceptors are often harmful and have problems in terms of environmental measures.

従って近年、無公害である有機物を用いた有機感光体の開発が盛んであり、広く実用化されてきている。中でも電荷発生機能と、電荷輸送機能とを異なる物質に分担させ、希望する特性をもつ化合物を、広い範囲から選択し得る所謂機能分離型の感光体が盛んに開発されている。   Therefore, in recent years, organic photoreceptors using non-polluting organic substances have been actively developed and widely used. In particular, so-called function-separated type photoconductors have been actively developed in which a charge generation function and a charge transport function are assigned to different substances and compounds having desired characteristics can be selected from a wide range.

しかし、このような有機感光体は無機感光体に比べ、一般に機械的強度が劣っており、クリーニングブレード、現像ブラシ等の機械的外力による摺擦傷、摩耗といった問題がある。   However, such organic photoreceptors are generally inferior in mechanical strength to inorganic photoreceptors, and have problems such as abrasion and abrasion due to mechanical external forces such as a cleaning blade and a developing brush.

例えば、支持体上に電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を順次積層した従来の感光体は電荷輸送層が低分子の電荷輸送物質を不活性の高分子の樹脂バインダーで結着することにより形成されているため電荷輸送層は一般に柔らかいので、機械的特性と電子写真的特性とを両立させることが必ずしも十分でなく、感度の高い組成またはある種の樹脂バインダーでは感光体の反復使用時にクリーニングブレード等の摺擦等によって感光体表面に傷が生じたり、表面が摩耗したり、また、耐摩耗性の高い組成又はある種の樹脂バインダーでは感度が低いまたは残電上昇等の電子写真的特性が満足できなかった。これが、近年その指向が強いカールソンプロセスの高速化あるいは小型化の障害となっている。   For example, in a conventional photoreceptor in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are sequentially laminated on a support, the charge transport layer is formed by binding a low molecular charge transport material with an inert polymer resin binder. Since the charge transport layer is generally soft, it is not always sufficient to achieve both mechanical characteristics and electrophotographic characteristics. With a highly sensitive composition or certain resin binders, a cleaning blade, etc. The surface of the photoconductor may be scratched or worn due to rubbing, etc., and the electrophotographic characteristics such as low wear or increased residual power can be satisfied with a highly wear-resistant composition or certain resin binders. There wasn't. This has become an obstacle to speeding up or downsizing of the Carlson process, which has been strongly oriented in recent years.

これらの問題について感光体の表面の摩擦係数の低減,表面エネルギーの低減,摩耗低減剤として、電荷輸送層にシリコーン含有樹脂、フッ素含有樹脂等が提案されている。しかしこれらは低感度であったり、繰り返し使用による残留電位の上昇等の電子写真特性や、反復使用時の摩耗、傷による画質の低下、膜減耗による感度低下等の機械的耐久性がなお不充分であり、これらを満足するような樹脂は見い出されていなかった。更に塗布液の安定性が不充分であり、白濁や粘度の変化が大きく、安定した塗布が困難である。また塗布液中の気泡の発生が大きく、塗膜欠陥ひいては画像欠陥が多い(例えば特許文献1〜3参照)。
特開平6−136108号公報 特開平5−72753号公報 特開平5−257298号公報
Regarding these problems, silicone-containing resins, fluorine-containing resins, and the like have been proposed for the charge transport layer as agents for reducing the coefficient of friction on the surface of the photoreceptor, reducing the surface energy, and reducing wear. However, they have low sensitivity, electrophotographic characteristics such as increased residual potential due to repeated use, and mechanical durability such as wear during repeated use, degradation in image quality due to scratches, and decreased sensitivity due to film wear. No resin that satisfies these requirements has been found. Furthermore, the stability of the coating solution is insufficient, the cloudiness and the viscosity change are large, and stable coating is difficult. In addition, the generation of bubbles in the coating solution is large, and there are many coating film defects and image defects (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
JP-A-6-136108 JP-A-5-72753 JP-A-5-257298

本発明の目的は塗布液安定性に優れるのみならず、塗布液中の気泡の発生が少なく、画像欠陥が少なく、又、高感度、高耐久性で多数枚実写時の画質の低下、膜減耗による感度低下やクリーニング不良等がなく、潤滑性及び機械特性に優れる電子写真感光体を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is not only excellent in coating solution stability, but also less bubbles are generated in the coating solution, there are few image defects, and high sensitivity, high durability, deterioration of image quality when a large number of sheets are photographed, film depletion It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is excellent in lubricity and mechanical properties without causing a decrease in sensitivity or poor cleaning.

本発明者らは、かかる現状に鑑み、感光体の滑り性を向上させることは無論のこと、塗布液の安定性について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、感光層に特定の共重合ポリカーボネートを含有させることにより、他の物性には全く影響を及ぼさずに滑り性、耐久性を改良でき、画像欠陥がなく、塗布液安定性にも優れていることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   In view of the present situation, the present inventors have of course made improvements in the slipperiness of the photoreceptor, and as a result of intensive studies on the stability of the coating solution, the photosensitive layer contains a specific copolymer polycarbonate. Thus, the present inventors have found that the slipperiness and durability can be improved without affecting other physical properties at all, that there is no image defect and that the coating solution stability is excellent, and the present invention has been completed.

本発明の目的は、次の技術手段によって達成される。
(請求項1)
導電性支持体上に感光層を設けてなる電子写真感光体において、前記感光層が少なくとも下記一般式〔2−1〕で示される繰り返し構造単位と一般式〔2−5〕で示される繰り返し構造単位を有する共重合体を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means.
(Claim 1)
In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive support, the photosensitive layer has at least a repeating structural unit represented by the following general formula [2-1] and a repeating structure represented by the general formula [2-5]. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a copolymer having units.

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R1〜R8は水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素数1〜10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基を表す。Zは少なくとも2つ以上の置換、無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、或いはアリール基を有する炭素数4乃至10の炭素環を示す。) (In the formula, R 1 to R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. Z represents at least two or more substituted or unsubstituted groups. And a C 4-10 carbocyclic ring having an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(R22及びR23は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、Qは炭素数4〜20の置換ないし無置換の炭素環を示し、P1ないしP4は下記の一般式〔2−6〕で示されるポリシロキサン基、水素原子、アリル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、P1ないしP4のうち少なくとも1つは該ポリシロキサン基であり、下記の一般式〔2−6〕におけるR24は炭素数2〜5のアルキレン基を示し、R25ないしR31は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基、又はフルオロアルキル基を示し、nは1〜500の整数を示す。) (R 22 and R 23 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a halogenated alkyl group, Q represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, P 1 to P 4 represent a polysiloxane group represented by the following general formula [2-6], a hydrogen atom, an allyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a halogenated alkyl group, At least one of P 1 to P 4 is the polysiloxane group, R 24 in the following general formula [2-6] represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 25 to R 31 are carbon atoms. A 1-20 alkyl group, an aryl group, or a fluoroalkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1-500.)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(請求項2)
前記感光層が下記一般式〔2−8〕で表される電荷輸送物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
(Claim 2)
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport material represented by the following general formula [2-8].

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(但し、この一般式中、R40,R41は置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、アリール基を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。 (However, in this general formula, R 40 and R 41 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group, and the substituent is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group. .

Ar1,Ar2は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。 Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used as the substituent.

42,R43は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、水素原子を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。) R 42 and R 43 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a hydrogen atom, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used as the substituent. )

本発明により、塗布液安定性に優れるのみならず、塗布液中の気泡の発生が少なく、画像欠陥が少なく、又、高感度、高耐久性で多数枚実写時の画質の低下、膜減耗による感度低下やクリーニング不良等がなく、潤滑性及び機械特性に優れる電子写真感光体を提供することが出来る。   According to the present invention, not only the coating solution stability is excellent, but also the generation of bubbles in the coating solution is small, the image defects are small, and the image quality at the time of shooting a large number of sheets with high sensitivity and high durability is deteriorated due to film depletion. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is excellent in lubricity and mechanical properties without causing a decrease in sensitivity or poor cleaning.

以下、本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

導電性支持体上に感光層を設けてなる電子写真感光体において、前記感光層が少なくとも下記一般式〔2−1〕で示される繰り返し構造単位とケイ素原子含有モノマー構造単位を有する共重合体を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。   An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a copolymer having at least a repeating structural unit represented by the following general formula [2-1] and a silicon atom-containing monomer structural unit. An electrophotographic photosensitive member containing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R1〜R8は水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素数1〜10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基を表す。Zは少なくとも2つ以上の置換、無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、或いはアリール基を有する炭素数4乃至10の炭素環を示す。)
2−(b):上記ケイ素原子含有モノマー構造単位が下記一般式〔2−2〕であることを特徴とする2−(a)項記載の電子写真感光体。
(In the formula, R 1 to R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. Z represents at least two or more substituted or unsubstituted groups. And a C 4-10 carbocyclic ring having an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.)
2- (b): The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 2- (a), wherein the silicon atom-containing monomer structural unit is represented by the following general formula [2-2].

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R9,R10,R11及びR12は、それぞれ水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン原子を表し、R13及びR14は、それぞれ水素原子、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。)
2−(c):上記ケイ素原子含有モノマー構造単位が下記一般式〔2−2〕で表されるシロキサン構造単位であることを特徴とする2−(a)項記載の電子写真感光体。
(Wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom, and R 13 and R 14 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group. .)
2- (c): The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 2- (a), wherein the silicon atom-containing monomer structural unit is a siloxane structural unit represented by the following general formula [2-2].

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R15及びR16は水素原子、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基又はアラルキル基を示し、R15及びR16は同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
2−(d):上記シロキサン構造単位が下記一般式〔2−4〕であることを特徴とする2−(c)項記載の電子写真感光体。
(Wherein R 15 and R 16 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and R 15 and R 16 may be the same or different. )
2- (d): The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 2- (c), wherein the siloxane structural unit is represented by the following general formula [2-4].

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R17は炭素数2乃至6のアルキレン基又はアルキリデン基、R18乃至R21は炭素数1乃至3のアルキル基、フェニル基又は置換フェニル基、置換、無置換のシクロアルキル基、nは1乃至200を示す。)
2−(e):上記シロキサン構造単位が下記一般式〔2−5〕であることを特徴とする2−(c)項記載の電子写真感光体。
(Wherein R 17 is an alkylene group or alkylidene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R 18 to R 21 are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, phenyl group or substituted phenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, n represents 1 to 200.)
2- (e): The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 2- (c), wherein the siloxane structural unit is represented by the following general formula [2-5].

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(R22及びR23は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、Qは炭素数4〜20の置換ないし無置換の炭素環を示し、P1ないしP4は下記の一般式〔2−6〕で示されるポリシロキサン基、水素原子、アリル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、P1ないしP4のうち少なくとも1つは該ポリシロキサン基であり、下記の一般式〔2−6〕におけるR24は炭素数2〜5のアルキレン基を示し、R25ないしR31は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基、又はフルオロアルキル基を示し、nは1〜500の整数を示す。) (R 22 and R 23 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a halogenated alkyl group, Q represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, P 1 to P 4 represent a polysiloxane group represented by the following general formula [2-6], a hydrogen atom, an allyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a halogenated alkyl group, At least one of P 1 to P 4 is the polysiloxane group, R 24 in the following general formula [2-6] represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 25 to R 31 are carbon atoms. A 1-20 alkyl group, an aryl group, or a fluoroalkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1-500.)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

2−(f):上記シロキサン構造単位が下記一般式〔2−7〕であることを特徴とする2−(c)記載の電子写真感光体。 2- (f): The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to 2- (c), wherein the siloxane structural unit is represented by the following general formula [2-7].

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(但し式中Xは、アルキレン基を表し、R32,R33,R34は各々独立し置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、R35は炭素数が1から15のペルフルオロアルキル基を表し、R36,R37,R38,R39は各々独立し水素原子、アルキル基又はハロゲン原子を表す。また、m,nは0又は正の整数。)
2−(g):前記感光層が下記一般式〔2−8〕で表される電荷輸送物質を含むことを特徴とする2−(a),(b),(c),(d),(e)又は(f)記載の電子写真感光体。
(Wherein, X represents an alkylene group, R 32 , R 33 and R 34 each independently represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or aryl group, and R 35 has 1 to 15 carbon atoms.) R 36 , R 37 , R 38 and R 39 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, and m and n are 0 or a positive integer.)
2- (g): the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport material represented by the following general formula [2-8] 2- (a), (b), (c), (d), The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to (e) or (f).

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(但し、この一般式中、R40,R41は置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、アリール基を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。 (However, in this general formula, R 40 and R 41 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group, and the substituent is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group. .

Ar1,Ar2は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。 Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used as the substituent.

42,R43は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、水素原子を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。)
本発明において用いられる共重合体は一般式〔2−1〕′で示される2価フェノールと
R 42 and R 43 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a hydrogen atom, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used as the substituent. )
The copolymer used in the present invention is a dihydric phenol represented by the general formula [2-1] ′ and

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R1〜R8は水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素数1〜10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基を表す。Zは少なくとも2つ以上の置換、無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、或いはアリール基を有する炭素数4乃至10の炭素環を示す。)
一般式〔2−2〕′、〔2−4〕′、〔2−5〕′又〔2−7〕′で示されるケイ素原子含有2価フェノールとをホスゲン炭酸エステル或いはクロロホーメートとを共重合させて、前記一般式〔2−1〕と〔2−2〕、或いは〔2−1〕と〔2−4〕、或いは〔2−1〕と〔2−5〕、或いは〔1−1〕と〔2−7〕等のポリカーボネート共重合体を得るものである。
(In the formula, R 1 to R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. Z represents at least two or more substituted or unsubstituted groups. And a C 4-10 carbocyclic ring having an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.)
A silicon atom-containing dihydric phenol represented by the general formulas [2-2] ', [2-4]', [2-5] 'or [2-7]' is combined with phosgene carbonate or chloroformate. After polymerization, the above general formulas [2-1] and [2-2], or [2-1] and [2-4], or [2-1] and [2-5], or [1-1 ] And [2-7] are obtained.

また、第3の共重合成分として他のポリカーボネートモノマー、例えば特開昭56-119135号明細書記載のポリカーボネートに相当するモノマーを用いてもよい。   Further, as the third copolymerization component, another polycarbonate monomer, for example, a monomer corresponding to the polycarbonate described in JP-A-56-119135 may be used.

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R9,R10,R11及びR12は、それぞれ水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン原子を表し、R13及びR14は、それぞれ水素原子、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。) (Wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom, and R 13 and R 14 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group. .)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(式中、R17は炭素数2乃至6のアルキレン基又はアルキリデン基、R18乃至R21は炭素数1乃至3のアルキル基、フェニル基又は置換フェニル基、置換、無置換のシクロアルキル基、nは1乃至200を示す。) (Wherein R 17 is an alkylene group or alkylidene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R 18 to R 21 are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, phenyl group or substituted phenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, n represents 1 to 200.)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(R22及びR23は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、Qは炭素数4〜20の置換ないし無置換の炭素環を示し、P1ないしP4は下記の一般式〔2−6〕′で示されるポリシロキサン基、水素原子、アリル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、P1ないしP4のうち少なくとも1つは該ポリシロキサン基であり、下記の一般式〔2−6〕′におけるR24は炭素数2〜5のアルキレン基を示し、R25ないしR31は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基、又はフルオロアルキル基を示し、nは1〜500の整数を示す。) (R 22 and R 23 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a halogenated alkyl group, Q represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, P 1 to P 4 represent a polysiloxane group represented by the following general formula [2-6] ′, a hydrogen atom, an allyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a halogenated alkyl group. , At least one of P 1 to P 4 is the polysiloxane group, R 24 in the following general formula [2-6] ′ represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 25 to R 31 are A C1-C20 alkyl group, an aryl group, or a fluoroalkyl group is shown, and n shows the integer of 1-500.)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

(但し式中Xは、アルキレン基を表し、R32,R33,R34は各々独立し置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、R35は炭素数が1から15のペルフルオロアルキル基を表し、R36,R37,R38,R39は各々独立し水素原子、アルキル基又はハロゲン原子を表す。また、m,nは0又は正の整数。)
これらモノマーの合成法については、特願平5-149187号、特開平2-236555号、同4-268369号、同5-158249号明細書等に詳しく述べられている。
(Wherein, X represents an alkylene group, R 32 , R 33 and R 34 each independently represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or aryl group, and R 35 has 1 to 15 carbon atoms.) R 36 , R 37 , R 38 and R 39 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, and m and n are 0 or a positive integer.)
Methods for synthesizing these monomers are described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 5-149187, JP-A-2-236555, 4-268369, and 5-158249.

具体的なモノマーについては以下に示す。   Specific monomers are shown below.

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

具体的なポリマー例としては次に挙げられる。   Specific polymer examples are as follows.

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

感光体の構成は種々の形態が知られている。   Various configurations of the photoreceptor are known.

本発明は感光体のそれらのいずれの形態をもとりうるが、積層型もしくは分散型の機能分離型感光体とするのが望ましい。この場合、通常は図1(a)〜(f)のような構成となる。図1(a)に示す層構成は、導電性支持体1上にキャリア発生層2を形成し、これにキャリア輸送層3を積層して感光層4を形成したものであり、同図(b)はこれらのキャリア発生層2とキャリア輸送層3を逆にした感光層4′を形成したものである。同図(c)は(a)の層構成の感光層4と導電性支持体1の間に中間層5を設け、同図(d)は(b)の層構成の感光層4′と導電性支持体1との間に中間層5を設けたものである。同図(e)の層構成はキャリア発生物質6とキャリア輸送物質7を含有する感光層4″を形成したものであり、同図(f)はこのような感光層4″と導電性支持体1との間に中間層5を設けたものである。図1(a)〜(f)の構成において、最表層にはさらに保護層を設けることができる。   The present invention can take any of these forms of the photoreceptor, but it is desirable to use a laminated or dispersed function separation type photoreceptor. In this case, normally, it becomes a structure as shown to Fig.1 (a)-(f). The layer structure shown in FIG. 1 (a) is such that a carrier generation layer 2 is formed on a conductive support 1, and a carrier transport layer 3 is laminated thereon to form a photosensitive layer 4, and FIG. ) Is a photosensitive layer 4 ′ in which the carrier generation layer 2 and the carrier transport layer 3 are reversed. FIG. 4C shows an intermediate layer 5 provided between the photosensitive layer 4 having the layer structure of FIG. 5A and the conductive support 1, and FIG. 4D shows the conductive layer 4 ′ having the layer structure of FIG. An intermediate layer 5 is provided between the conductive support 1 and the intermediate support 5. The layer structure of FIG. 5E is a structure in which a photosensitive layer 4 ″ containing a carrier generating material 6 and a carrier transporting material 7 is formed. FIG. 8F shows such a photosensitive layer 4 ″ and a conductive support. 1 is provided with an intermediate layer 5. In the configurations of FIGS. 1A to 1F, a protective layer may be further provided on the outermost layer.

負帯電の感光体に於ては(c)のタイプが好ましく、正帯電の感光体では(b)又は(f)が好ましい。又、電荷輸送層を複数層設け、耐久性と感度を向上させてもよい。   The negatively charged photoreceptor is preferably the type (c), and the positively charged photoreceptor is preferably (b) or (f). Further, a plurality of charge transport layers may be provided to improve durability and sensitivity.

なお、本発明で意味する感光層とは感光体の支持体上の各層を示し、従って保護層もこの範中に含む。   In the present invention, the photosensitive layer means each layer on the support of the photosensitive member, and thus the protective layer is included in this category.

本発明のバインダーは好ましくは電荷発生層2或いは電荷輸送層3或いは保護層の形成に用いられ、混和性の良いものであれば任意のものを混合して用いることができるが、疎水性で、電気絶縁性のフィルム形成性高分子重合体を用いるのが好ましい。このような高分子重合体としは、例えば次のものを挙げることができる。   The binder of the present invention is preferably used for forming the charge generation layer 2, the charge transport layer 3 or the protective layer, and any mixture can be used as long as it has good miscibility. It is preferable to use an electrically insulating film-forming polymer. Examples of such a high molecular polymer include the following.

ポリカーボネート
ポリエステル
メタクリル酸
アクリル樹脂
ポリ塩化ビニル
ポリ塩化ビニリデン
ポリスチレン
ポリビニルアセテート
スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体
塩化ビニリデン-アクリロニトリル共重合体
塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体
塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル-無水マレイン酸共重合体
シリコン樹脂
シリコン-アルキッド樹脂
フェノールホルムアルデヒド樹脂
スチレン-アルキッド樹脂
ポリ-N-ビニルカルバゾール
ポリアミド
ポリウレタン
ポリケトン
エポキシ樹脂
ポリビニルブチラール
ポリビニルホルマール
本発明のポリカーボネート共重合体は必要に応じて、物性や塗工性を微少調整する為に、他のポリカーボネートとを混合して用いてもよい。他のポリカーボネートの混入率はケイ素原子含有モノマー単位長やポリシロキサンの鎖長、含有量によって異なるが0〜95%がよく、好ましくは5〜80%がよい。
Polycarbonate Polyester Methacrylic acid Acrylic resin Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinylidene chloride Polystyrene Polyvinyl acetate Styrene-butadiene copolymer Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer Silicone resin Silicone-alkyd resin Phenol-formaldehyde resin Styrene-alkyd resin Poly-N-vinylcarbazole Polyamide Polyurethane Polyketone Epoxy resin Polyvinyl butyral Polyvinyl formal The polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention is used for fine adjustment of physical properties and coating properties as required. A mixture with other polycarbonates may also be used. The mixing ratio of other polycarbonates varies depending on the silicon atom-containing monomer unit length, polysiloxane chain length, and content, but is preferably 0 to 95%, and preferably 5 to 80%.

本発明において、電荷発生層は電荷発生物質を適当な分散媒に単独もしくは適当なバインダー樹脂と共に分散せしめた分散液を導電性支持体あるいは必要に応じて中間層を設けた上に塗布して乾燥させる方法、真空蒸着法等によって形成することができる。   In the present invention, the charge generation layer is coated with a dispersion obtained by dispersing the charge generation material alone or together with an appropriate binder resin on a conductive support or an intermediate layer as required, and then dried. It can form by the method of making it, a vacuum evaporation method, etc.

本発明の感光体においては、電荷発生物質として次の代表例で示されるような顔料が用いられる。
(1)モノアゾ顔料、ビスアゾ顔料、トリアゾ顔料、金属錯塩アゾ顔料等のアゾ顔料
(2)ペリレン酸無水物、ペリレン酸イミド等のペリレン顔料
(3)アントラキン誘導体、アンスアンスロン誘導体、ジベンズピレンキノン誘導体、ピラントロン誘導体、ビオラントロン誘導体及びイソビオラントロン誘導体等多環キノン顔料
(4)インジゴ誘導体及びチオインジゴ誘導体等のインジゴイド顔料
(5)金属フタロシアニン及び無金属フタロシアニン等のフタロシアニン顔料
更に好ましくは電荷発生物質は、ジブロムアンスアンスロン顔料、ビスイミダゾピリドノペリレン系、特願昭62-173640号記載のY型チタニルフタロシアニンが挙げられる。
In the photoreceptor of the present invention, a pigment as shown in the following representative example is used as a charge generating material.
(1) Azo pigments such as monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, triazo pigments, metal complex azo pigments (2) Perylene pigments such as perylene acid anhydride and perylene imide (3) Anthraquine derivatives, anthanthrone derivatives, dibenzpyrenequinone derivatives Polycyclic quinone pigments such as pyranthrone derivatives, violanthrone derivatives and isoviolanthrone derivatives (4) indigoid pigments such as indigo derivatives and thioindigo derivatives (5) phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanines and metal-free phthalocyanines Examples thereof include dibromoanthanthrone pigments, bisimidazopyridonoperylene, and Y-type titanyl phthalocyanines described in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-173640.

また本発明において、電荷発生物質の分散にはボールミル、アトライター、サンドグラインダー等が用いられる。   In the present invention, a ball mill, an attritor, a sand grinder or the like is used for dispersing the charge generating material.

以上のようにして形成される電荷発生層において、電荷発生物質とバインダーとの質量比は好ましくは100:0〜1000である。電荷発生物質の含有割合がこれよりも少ないと光感度が低く、残留電位の増加を招き、またこれよりも多いと暗減衰の増加及び受容電位が低下する。   In the charge generation layer formed as described above, the mass ratio between the charge generation material and the binder is preferably 100: 0 to 1000. If the content ratio of the charge generation material is less than this, the photosensitivity is low, resulting in an increase in the residual potential.

また電荷発生層中に電荷輸送物質を含有する場合には、電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質との割合は質量比で10:0〜10:1000であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは10:0〜10:100である。   When the charge generation material is contained in the charge generation layer, the ratio of the charge generation material to the charge transport material is preferably 10: 0 to 10: 1000, particularly preferably 10: 0, in mass ratio. 10: 100.

電荷発生層の塗布は前記分散液を浸漬塗布、スプレー塗布、ブレード塗布、ロール塗布等によって行うことができる。   The charge generation layer can be applied by dip coating, spray coating, blade coating, roll coating or the like.

形成される電荷発生層の膜厚は、好ましくは0.01〜10μmである。   The thickness of the charge generation layer to be formed is preferably 0.01 to 10 μm.

本発明において、導電性支持体と電荷発生層との間に中間層を有してもよく、その際中間層の膜厚は0.01〜15μm。好ましくは0.05〜3μmの範囲とされる。0.01μmを下まわると支持体から感光層への電荷の注入が阻止され得ない。また支持体の凹凸を原因として感光体にピンホールが発生し易くなる。15μmを上まわると感光層の残留電位が効果的に除去され得ない。   In the present invention, an intermediate layer may be provided between the conductive support and the charge generation layer, and the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.01 to 15 μm. Preferably it is set as the range of 0.05-3 micrometers. If the thickness is less than 0.01 μm, the injection of charges from the support to the photosensitive layer cannot be prevented. Also, pinholes are likely to occur in the photoreceptor due to the unevenness of the support. If the thickness exceeds 15 μm, the residual potential of the photosensitive layer cannot be effectively removed.

更に中間層に用いられるバインダーとしては、電気抵抗、耐環境性、他層との接着性あるいは他層の溶媒に不溶であること等を考慮して任意のものが選ばれる。   Further, as the binder used for the intermediate layer, an arbitrary one is selected in consideration of electrical resistance, environmental resistance, adhesion with other layers, insolubility in the solvent of other layers, and the like.

これらの溶媒は単独或いは2種以上の混合溶媒として用いることができる。   These solvents can be used alone or as a mixed solvent of two or more.

中間層の成膜法としては、樹脂を溶剤に溶解して、浸漬塗布、スプレー塗布、ビードコート法等を用いればよい。   As a method for forming the intermediate layer, a resin is dissolved in a solvent, and dip coating, spray coating, bead coating, or the like may be used.

次に本発明に用いられる電荷輸送層について説明する。   Next, the charge transport layer used in the present invention will be described.

本発明においては、電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送物質と本発明のバインダー樹脂とを、溶媒中に溶解、分散せしめた溶液又は分散液を電荷発生層上に塗布して乾燥させる方法によって形成することができる。   In the present invention, the charge transport layer is formed by a method in which a solution or dispersion obtained by dissolving and dispersing the charge transport material and the binder resin of the present invention in a solvent is applied onto the charge generation layer and dried. Can do.

本発明の感光体において、電荷輸送物質としてピラゾリン系化合物、ヒドラゾン系化合物、スチルベン系化合物、トリフェニルアミン系化合物、ベンジジン系化合物、オキサゾール系化合物、インドール系化合物、カルバゾール系化合物等が用いられる。   In the photoreceptor of the present invention, pyrazoline compounds, hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, triphenylamine compounds, benzidine compounds, oxazole compounds, indole compounds, carbazole compounds, and the like are used as the charge transport material.

更に詳しく電荷輸送物質について述べると、本発明において好ましく用いられる電荷輸送物質としては代表例には特願平5-240801号記載の一般式〔II〕〜〔X〕で表される化合物がよい。具体的な化合物例は上記特願平5-240801号の58頁〜64頁にわたり記載されている。   In more detail, the charge transporting material preferably used in the present invention is preferably a compound represented by the general formulas [II] to [X] described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-240801. Specific examples of the compounds are described in pages 58 to 64 of the above Japanese Patent Application No. 5-240801.

本発明に係る感光体に用いられる導電性支持体1としては、合金を含めた金属板、金属ドラムまたは導電性ポリマー、酸化インジウム等の導電性化合物や合金を含めたアルミニウム、パラジウム、金等の金属薄層を塗布、蒸着あるいはラミネートして、導電性化された紙、プラスチックフィルム等が挙げられる。接着層あるいはバリヤ層などの中間層5としては、前記バインダー樹脂として用いられる高分子重合体のほか、ポリビニルアルコール、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリアミドなどの有機高分子物質または酸化アルミニウムなどが用いられる。   Examples of the conductive support 1 used in the photoconductor according to the present invention include a metal plate including an alloy, a metal drum or a conductive polymer, a conductive compound such as indium oxide, and an aluminum including an alloy, palladium, gold, and the like. Examples thereof include paper, plastic film and the like which are made conductive by applying, evaporating or laminating a thin metal layer. As the intermediate layer 5 such as an adhesive layer or a barrier layer, an organic polymer substance such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyamide, or aluminum oxide is used in addition to the polymer used as the binder resin.

なお、本発明に係る感光体では電荷発生物質の電荷発生機能を改善する目的で感光層4中に例えば特開昭60-172044号公報等に記載される有機アミンを電荷発生物質の1倍以下、好ましくは0.2倍〜0.005倍含有せしめることができる。また感度向上、残留電位乃至反復使用時の疲労低減を目的として、電荷発生層2中に上記公報記載の電子受容性物質を電荷発生物質100質量部に対して0.01〜200質量部、好ましくは0.1〜100質量部含有せしめることができる。   In the photoreceptor according to the present invention, for the purpose of improving the charge generation function of the charge generation material, an organic amine described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-172044 is included in the photosensitive layer 4 in an amount of 1 or less. Preferably, it can be contained in an amount of 0.2 to 0.005 times. For the purpose of improving sensitivity and reducing residual potential or fatigue during repeated use, the electron-accepting material described in the above publication is contained in the charge generating layer 2 in an amount of 0.01 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the charge generating substance. -100 mass parts can be contained.

本発明で使用されるケイ素原子を含有するポリカーボネート共重合体樹脂あるいはポリシロキサンを側鎖に有するポリカーボネート樹脂は感光層に添加して使用されるが、特に電荷輸送層のバインダー樹脂として使用される場合が効果的である。その場合の電荷輸送剤の割合は本発明のケイ素原子を有するポリカーボネート重合体あるいは共重合体樹脂100質量部に対して30〜300質量部、好ましくは40〜200質量部、より好ましくは40〜150質量部の範囲で使用される。又、他の使用形態としては、保護層等の最上層に用いてもよい。   The polycarbonate copolymer resin containing silicon atoms or the polycarbonate resin having polysiloxane in the side chain used in the present invention is used by adding to the photosensitive layer, but particularly when used as a binder resin for the charge transport layer. Is effective. The proportion of the charge transfer agent in that case is 30 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate polymer or copolymer resin having a silicon atom of the present invention. Used in the range of parts by mass. Moreover, as another usage pattern, it may be used for the uppermost layer such as a protective layer.

また電荷輸送層には必要に応じて酸化防止剤、増感剤などの各種添加剤を含んでいてもよい。電荷輸送層の膜厚は10〜60μm、好ましくは10〜45μmの厚みで使用されるのがよい。分散型感光層の場合には本発明のポリカーボネート重合体あるいは共重合体樹脂を含む上記のような配合比の電荷輸送媒体中に前出の電荷発生物質が分散される。その場合に粒子径は十分に小さいことが必要であり、好ましくは1μm以下、より好ましくは0.5μm以下で使用される。感光層内に分散される電荷発生物質の量は少なすぎると十分な感度が得られず、多すぎると帯電性の低下、感度の低下などの弊害があり、例えば好ましくは0.5〜50質量%の範囲で、より好ましくは1〜20質量%の範囲で使用される。感光層の膜厚は通常5〜50μm、より好ましくは10〜45μmで使用される。またこの場合にも成膜性、可撓性、機械的強度などを改良するための公知の可塑剤、残留電位を抑制するための添加剤、分散安定性向上のための分散補助剤、塗布性を改善するためのレペリング剤、界面活性剤、例えばシリコーンオイル、フッ素系オイルその他の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。   The charge transport layer may contain various additives such as an antioxidant and a sensitizer as necessary. The charge transport layer may be used in a thickness of 10 to 60 μm, preferably 10 to 45 μm. In the case of the dispersion type photosensitive layer, the above-mentioned charge generating material is dispersed in the charge transport medium having the above-mentioned blending ratio containing the polycarbonate polymer or copolymer resin of the present invention. In that case, the particle size needs to be sufficiently small, and is preferably 1 μm or less, more preferably 0.5 μm or less. If the amount of the charge generating material dispersed in the photosensitive layer is too small, sufficient sensitivity cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, there are adverse effects such as a decrease in chargeability and a decrease in sensitivity, for example, preferably 0.5 to 50% by mass. It is used in a range, more preferably in a range of 1 to 20% by mass. The film thickness of the photosensitive layer is usually 5 to 50 μm, more preferably 10 to 45 μm. In this case as well, known plasticizers for improving film formability, flexibility, mechanical strength, additives for suppressing residual potential, dispersion aids for improving dispersion stability, coatability A repelling agent and a surfactant, for example, silicone oil, fluorine-based oil and other additives may be included for improving the resistance.

以下本発明の実施例を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
積層感光体試料2−1
ポリアミド樹脂CM−8000(東レ社製)30gをメタノール900ml、1-ブタノール100mlの混合液中に投入し、50℃で加熱溶解した。この液を用いて外径80mm、355.5mmのアルミニウムドラム基体上に浸漬塗布し、0.3μmの中間層を形成した。
Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-1
30 g of polyamide resin CM-8000 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was charged into a mixed solution of 900 ml of methanol and 100 ml of 1-butanol, and heated and dissolved at 50 ° C. This solution was dip-coated on an aluminum drum substrate having an outer diameter of 80 mm and 355.5 mm to form a 0.3 μm intermediate layer.

次に、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂エスレックBL−S(積水化学社製)10gをメチルエチルケトン1000mlに溶解し、これにCGMとして例示化合物(CGM−1)30gを混入し、サンドミルを用いて20時間分散した。この液を用いて前記中間層上に浸漬塗布し、0.5μm厚のCGLを形成した。   Next, 10 g of polyvinyl butyral resin ESREC BL-S (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 1000 ml of methyl ethyl ketone, 30 g of the exemplified compound (CGM-1) was mixed as CGM, and dispersed for 20 hours using a sand mill. Using this solution, dip coating was performed on the intermediate layer to form 0.5 μm thick CGL.

次に、CTMとして例示化合物CTM−1 150gとCTLバインダーとして例示化合物(P−2−2−1)200gを1,2-ジクロルエタン1000mlに溶解した。   Next, 150 g of exemplified compound CTM-1 as CTM and 200 g of exemplified compound (P-2-2-1) as CTL binder were dissolved in 1000 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane.

この液を用いて、前記CGL上に浸漬塗布を行った後、100℃で60分乾燥し、平均膜厚21μmのCTLを形成した。   Using this solution, dip coating was performed on the CGL, followed by drying at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a CTL having an average film thickness of 21 μm.

このようにして中間層、CGL、CTLからなる積層感光体試料2−1を得た。(実施例2−1用)   In this way, a laminated photosensitive member sample 2-1 composed of the intermediate layer, CGL, and CTL was obtained. (For Example 2-1)

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

積層感光体試料2−2及び2−3
感光体試料2−1において、表1に示すCTLバインダーを用いた以外は同様にしてそれぞれ積層感光体試料2−2及び2−3を得た。(実施例2−2及び2−3用)
積層感光体試料2−4
ポリアミド樹脂ラッカマイド5003(大日本インキ社製)15gをメタノール800ml、1-ブタノール200mlの混合溶液中に投入し、50℃で加熱溶解した。この液を用いて外径80mm、355.5mmのアルミニウムドラム基体上に浸漬塗布し、0.5μmの中間層を形成した。
Laminated photoreceptor samples 2-2 and 2-3
In the photoreceptor sample 2-1, laminated photoreceptor samples 2-2 and 2-3 were obtained in the same manner except that the CTL binder shown in Table 1 was used. (For Examples 2-2 and 2-3)
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-4
15 g of polyamide resin racamide 5003 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Co., Ltd.) was put into a mixed solution of 800 ml of methanol and 200 ml of 1-butanol, and heated and dissolved at 50 ° C. This solution was dip coated on an aluminum drum substrate having an outer diameter of 80 mm and 355.5 mm to form a 0.5 μm intermediate layer.

次に、シリコーン樹脂KR−5240(固形分20%)(信越化学社製)10gをメチルエチルケトン700ml、シクロヘキサノン300mlの混合溶媒に溶解し、これに電荷発生物質としてCGM−2(Y型チタニルフタロシアニン)10gを混入し、サンドミルを用いて20時間分散した。この液を用いて前記中間層上に浸漬塗布し、1.0μm厚の電荷発生層を形成した。   Next, 10 g of silicone resin KR-5240 (solid content 20%) (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in a mixed solvent of 700 ml of methyl ethyl ketone and 300 ml of cyclohexanone. And dispersed for 20 hours using a sand mill. This solution was dip-coated on the intermediate layer to form a 1.0 μm thick charge generation layer.

次に、CTMとして例示化合物(CTM−2)150gと電荷輸送層バインダーとして例示化合物(P−2−4−1)150gを1,2-ジクロルエタン1000mlに溶解した。   Next, 150 g of exemplified compound (CTM-2) as CTM and 150 g of exemplified compound (P-2-4-1) as a charge transport layer binder were dissolved in 1000 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane.

この液を用いて、前記電荷発生層上に浸漬塗布を行った後、100℃で60分乾燥し、平均膜厚20μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。   Using this solution, dip coating was performed on the charge generation layer, followed by drying at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having an average film thickness of 20 μm.

このようにして中間層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層からなる積層感光体試料2−4を得た。
積層感光体試料2−5〜2−9
積層感光体試料2−4において表2に示す電荷輸送層バインダーを用いた以外は同様にしてそれぞれ積層感光体試料2−5〜2−9を得た。(実施例2−5〜2−9用)
積層感光体試料2−10
中間層の形成までは感光体試料2−1と同様に行った。
In this way, a laminated photoreceptor sample 2-4 comprising an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer was obtained.
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-5 to 2-9
Laminated photoreceptor samples 2-5 to 2-9 were obtained in the same manner except that the charge transport layer binder shown in Table 2 was used in the laminated photoreceptor sample 2-4. (For Examples 2-5 to 2-9)
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-10
The process until the formation of the intermediate layer was performed in the same manner as for the photoreceptor sample 2-1.

次に、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂エスレックBX−1(積水化学社製)2.5gをメチルイソブチルケトン1000mlに溶解し、これに電荷発生物質として例示化合物(CGM−3)10gを混入し、サンドミルを用いて10時間分散した。この液を用いて前記中間層上に、浸漬塗布し、0.5μm厚の電荷発生層を形成した。   Next, 2.5 g of polyvinyl butyral resin ESREC BX-1 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 1000 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 10 g of the exemplified compound (CGM-3) is mixed therein as a charge generating substance. Time dispersed. Using this solution, the charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm was formed by dip coating on the intermediate layer.

次に、感光体試料2−4において電荷輸送層バインダーとして例示化合物(P−2−7−1)を、CTMとしてCTM−3を用いた以外は同様にして電荷輸送層を形成した。   Next, a charge transport layer was formed in the same manner except that Exemplified Compound (P-2-7-1) was used as the charge transport layer binder and CTM-3 was used as the CTM in the photoreceptor sample 2-4.

このようにして中間層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層からなる積層感光体試料2−10を得た。(実施例2−10用)
積層感光体試料2−11〜2−13
積層感光体試料2−9において表2に示す電荷輸送層バインダーを用いた以外は同様にしてそれぞれ積層感光体試料2−11〜2−13を得た。(実施例2−11〜2−13用)
積層感光体試料2−14
積層感光体試料2−1においてCTLバインダーをC−2−1に変えた以外は同様にして積層感光体試料2−14を得た。(比較例2−1用)
積層感光体試料2−15及び2−16
積層感光体試料2−4においてCTLバインダーをそれぞれC−2−2及びC−2−3に変えた以外は同様にして積層感光体試料2−15及び2−16を得た。(比較例2−2及び2−3用)
積層感光体試料2−17
積層感光体試料2−10においてCTLバインダーをC−2−4に変えた以外は同様にして積層感光体試料2−17を得た。(比較例2−4用)
積層感光体試料2−18
積層感光体試料2−2においてCTLバインダーをC−2−2とBPZ各々75gづつ用いた以外は同様にして積層感光体試料2−18を得た。(比較例2−5用)
実施例2−1〜2−13及び比較例2−1〜2−5
In this way, a laminated photoreceptor sample 2-10 composed of an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer was obtained. (For Example 2-10)
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-11 to 2-13
Laminated photoreceptor samples 2-11 to 2-13 were obtained in the same manner except that the charge transport layer binder shown in Table 2 was used in the laminated photoreceptor sample 2-9. (For Examples 2-11 to 2-13)
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-14
A laminated photoreceptor sample 2-14 was obtained in the same manner except that the CTL binder was changed to C-2-1 in the laminated photoreceptor sample 2-1. (For Comparative Example 2-1)
Laminated photoreceptor samples 2-15 and 2-16
Laminated photoreceptor samples 2-15 and 2-16 were obtained in the same manner except that the CTL binder in the laminated photoreceptor sample 2-4 was changed to C-2-2 and C-2-3, respectively. (For Comparative Examples 2-2 and 2-3)
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-17
A laminated photoreceptor sample 2-17 was obtained in the same manner except that the CTL binder was changed to C-2-4 in the laminated photoreceptor sample 2-10. (For Comparative Example 2-4)
Laminated photoreceptor sample 2-18
A laminated photoreceptor sample 2-18 was obtained in the same manner except that 75 g of CTL binder each of C-2-2 and BPZ was used in the laminated photoreceptor sample 2-2. (For Comparative Example 2-5)
Examples 2-1 to 2-13 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

−感光体の評価−
積層感光体試料2−1〜2−18を「U-Bix4045」(コニカ(株)社製)に搭載し、10万コピーの実写テストを行った。初期画像の観察と10万コピー後の膜厚減耗量について調べた。
−塗布液の評価−
用いたCTL液各々を20℃下、1ケ月放置した時の濁りを観察した。濁りがある場合を×、ない場合を○とした。又、調整直後の粘度と1週間放置後の粘度をB型粘度計を用いて測定した。(23℃下)
Vis比 = 1週間後の粘度/調液直後の粘度
−感光体表面の評価−
得られた感光体各々について感光体表面の目視観察を行った。
-Evaluation of photoconductor-
Laminated photoconductor samples 2-1 to 2-18 were mounted on “U-Bix4045” (manufactured by Konica Corporation), and a live-copy test of 100,000 copies was performed. The initial image was observed and the thickness loss after 100,000 copies was investigated.
-Evaluation of coating solution-
Each CTL solution used was observed for turbidity when left at 20 ° C. for 1 month. The case where there was turbidity was marked as x, and the case where there was no turbidity was marked as ◯. Further, the viscosity immediately after adjustment and the viscosity after standing for 1 week were measured using a B-type viscometer. (Under 23 ℃)
Vis ratio = viscosity after 1 week / viscosity immediately after preparation-Evaluation of surface of photoreceptor-
Each of the obtained photoreceptors was visually observed on the surface of the photoreceptor.

○ 泡故障1本当たり 2以下
△ 泡故障1本当たり 3〜10
× 泡故障1本当たり 11以上
実用レベルは○クラスである。実写テストによると、画像欠陥は泡故障によるものが多いことがわかる。
○ 2 or less per bubble failure
△ 3-10 per bubble failure
× 11 or more per bubble failure The practical level is ○ class. According to the live-action test, it can be seen that image defects are often caused by bubble failures.

以上の結果を表1に示した。   The above results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 2005099867
Figure 2005099867

表1の結果から、本発明の感光体は、塗工液の経時変化が少なく安定していることがわかる。また、実写時も安定しており、膜減耗も少ないため長期に渡って安定した画質が得られることがわかる。   From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the photoreceptor of the present invention is stable with little change over time in the coating solution. In addition, it can be seen that the image quality is stable even during actual shooting and the image quality is stable over a long period of time because of less film wear.

又、単層にした場合も同じ結果が得られた。   The same result was obtained when a single layer was used.

本発明の感光体の層構成の具体的例を示した各断面図。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific example of the layer structure of the photoreceptor of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 導電性支持体
2 キャリア発生層
3 キャリア輸送層
4,4′,4″ 感光層
5 中間層
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conductive support body 2 Carrier generation layer 3 Carrier transport layer 4,4 ', 4 "Photosensitive layer 5 Intermediate | middle layer

Claims (2)

導電性支持体上に感光層を設けてなる電子写真感光体において、前記感光層が少なくとも下記一般式〔2−1〕で示される繰り返し構造単位と一般式〔2−5〕で示される繰り返し構造単位を有する共重合体を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
Figure 2005099867
(式中、R1〜R8は水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は炭素数1〜10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基を表す。Zは少なくとも2つ以上の置換、無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、或いはアリール基を有する炭素数4乃至10の炭素環を示す。)
Figure 2005099867
(R22及びR23は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、Qは炭素数4〜20の置換ないし無置換の炭素環を示し、P1ないしP4は下記の一般式〔2−6〕で示されるポリシロキサン基、水素原子、アリル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基又はハロゲン化アルキル基を示し、P1ないしP4のうち少なくとも1つは該ポリシロキサン基であり、下記の一般式〔2−6〕におけるR24は炭素数2〜5のアルキレン基を示し、R25ないしR31は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、アリール基、又はフルオロアルキル基を示し、nは1〜500の整数を示す。)
Figure 2005099867
In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive support, the photosensitive layer has at least a repeating structural unit represented by the following general formula [2-1] and a repeating structure represented by the general formula [2-5]. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a copolymer having units.
Figure 2005099867
(In the formula, R 1 to R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. Z represents at least two or more substituted or unsubstituted groups. And a C 4-10 carbocyclic ring having an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.)
Figure 2005099867
(R 22 and R 23 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a halogenated alkyl group, Q represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, P 1 to P 4 represent a polysiloxane group represented by the following general formula [2-6], a hydrogen atom, an allyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a halogenated alkyl group, At least one of P 1 to P 4 is the polysiloxane group, R 24 in the following general formula [2-6] represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 25 to R 31 are carbon atoms. A 1-20 alkyl group, an aryl group, or a fluoroalkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1-500.)
Figure 2005099867
前記感光層が下記一般式〔2−8〕で表される電荷輸送物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
Figure 2005099867
(但し、この一般式中、R40,R41は置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、アリール基を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。
Ar1,Ar2は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。
42,R43は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、水素原子を表し、置換基としてはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基を用いる。)
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport material represented by the following general formula [2-8].
Figure 2005099867
(However, in this general formula, R 40 and R 41 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group, and the substituent is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group. .
Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used as the substituent.
R 42 and R 43 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a hydrogen atom, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used as the substituent. )
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