JP2004207089A - Storage element - Google Patents

Storage element Download PDF

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JP2004207089A
JP2004207089A JP2002375802A JP2002375802A JP2004207089A JP 2004207089 A JP2004207089 A JP 2004207089A JP 2002375802 A JP2002375802 A JP 2002375802A JP 2002375802 A JP2002375802 A JP 2002375802A JP 2004207089 A JP2004207089 A JP 2004207089A
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negative
positive
electrode
electrode body
wound
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JP4158518B2 (en
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Tomohiro Matsuura
智浩 松浦
Hisanao Kojima
小島　　久尚
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a storage element having a configuration suitable for preventing internal short circuit. <P>SOLUTION: A secondary battery 1 comprises a winding type electrode body 10, a container 20 for housing the electrode body 10, and an electrode 30, 40 connected to an electrode sheet 12, 14 at each end of the electrode body 10. The electrode 30, 40 comprises a terminal part 36, 46 extending in a direction perpendicular to the winding shaft of the electrode body 10 and passing through a cover body 24 of the housing 20, and a flange part 34, 44 inside the cover body 24, extending along the outer periphery of the electrode body 10. A shock absorbing material 50 is arranged between the flange part 33, 44 and the outer periphery of the electrode body 10 to ease the phenomena in which the electrode body 10 is locally and strongly depressed by the flange part 34, 44 in case the battery 1 drops. This enables internal short circuit of the battery 1 to be suppressed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、捲回型の電極体を備えた蓄電素子に関する。なお、本明細書中において「蓄電素子」とは、電池（リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池等）およびキャパシタ（電気二重層キャパシタ等）の双方を包含する概念である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】正極シートと負極シートがセパレータを介して捲回された電極体（捲回型電極体）を、電解液とともに容器に収容した蓄電素子が知られている。このような蓄電素子の一つの形態として、有底筒状のケースの内部に電極体を縦に（電極体の捲回軸がケースの底面にほぼ直立するように）収容し、そのケースの上端開口部を蓋体で塞いで容器を構成したものがある。電極体からの電流の取り出しは、正極シートおよび負極シートのそれぞれに電気的に接続された一対の端子を通じて、典型的には容器の底面側および蓋体側（すなわち、捲回型電極体の軸方向の両端側）から行われる。
【０００３】
ところで、蓄電素子は落下等の物理的な衝撃に曝されることがある。かかる場合に蓄電素子が内部短絡を起こすことを防止するため、特許文献１には、容器に電極体を縦に収容した上記形態の二次電池につき、その電極体の軸方向の一端面と電池蓋（蓋体）との間に絶縁体を配置する技術が開示されている。電池落下時の内部短絡を防止することに関する他の先行技術文献としては特許文献２が挙げられる。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開平９−２８３１１２号公報
【特許文献２】
特開２００１−３５７８９３号公報
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】一方、捲回型電極体を備える蓄電素子の他の一つの形態として、この電極体を、捲回軸が横倒しになる向きで容器に収容したものがある。かかる蓄電素子（以下、「横型蓄電素子」ということもある。）は、典型的には、その電極体の側方（捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向）から一対の端子を通じて電流を取り出す構成を有する。このような形態の蓄電素子の落下時等の内部短絡を防止するにあたっては、電流の取り出し方向等が異なる特許文献１の技術をそのまま適用しても得られる効果は少ない。
そこで本発明は、落下時の内部短絡を防止するのに適した構成の横型蓄電素子を提供することを目的とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段と作用と効果】捲回型電極体の側方から電流を取り出す場合には、この取出構造を形成する都合上、電極体を囲んで配置された一または二以上の部材（例えば、正極および／または負極）によって、この電極体の外周と対向する部分に顕著な凹凸が生じがちである。本発明者は、かかる凹凸によって電極体の外周（すなわち電極シートの積層方向）に局所的に大きな応力が加わるという現象を防止または抑制することにより、上記課題を解決し得ることを見出した。
【０００７】
本発明により提供される一つの横型蓄電素子は、(a).正極シートと負極シートがセパレータを介して捲回されている捲回型電極体を備える。また、(b).捲回型電極体の一方の端部で正極シートに接する正接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる正端子部と、該正接触部と該正端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている正フランジ部とを有する正極を備えることができる。また、(c).捲回型電極体の他方の端部で負極シートに接する負接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる負端子部と、該負接触部と該該負端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている負フランジ部とを有する負極を備えることができる。さらに、(d).捲回型電極体と、正極の正接触部と正フランジ部と、負極の負接触部と負フランジ部とを収容する容器を備えることができる。そして、正極の正フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間ならびに負極の負フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間に配置されている緩衝材を備えることができる。
正フランジ部および負フランジ部と電極体の外周との間に緩衝材を介在させることにより、蓄電素子の落下時等にフランジ部（特にその外縁）が電極体に押付けられる場合にも、その押付けられる力（圧縮応力）を分散させることができる。その結果、電極体に対して局所的に高い圧迫力が加えられることが回避され、蓄電素子の内部短絡を防止または抑制することができる。
【０００８】
このような蓄電素子のうち好ましいものでは、前記緩衝材が一体形状である。この緩衝材は、正極の正フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間から、負極の負フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間にまで延びている。このような構成は、蓄電素子の製造時に緩衝材の位置決めが容易である等の理由から好ましい。
なお、正フランジ部と電極体外周との間に配置される緩衝材と、負フランジ部と電極体外周との間に配置される緩衝材とを別々の部材（別体）としてもよい。
【０００９】
本発明により提供される他の一つの横型蓄電素子は、上述した(a).〜(d).の構成を備えることができる。かかる構成において、正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部は、容器を画定する壁を貫通して容器外に露出している。そして、正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部が貫通する容器の壁の内面には、正極の正フランジ部と負極の負フランジ部とを受入れる窪みが形成されている。さらに他の一つの態様は、上述した(a).〜(d).の構成を備えるとともに正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部が容器を画定する壁を貫通して容器外に露出している横型蓄電素子であって、正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部が貫通する容器の壁と捲回型電極体との間に、正極の正フランジ部と負極の負フランジ部とを受入れる窪みが形成された絶縁部材が配置されている。
かかる窪みを形成することによって、蓄電素子の落下等によりフランジ部と電極体とを相対的に近づける方向への応力が加わった場合、正負のフランジ部（典型的にはその端部）が電極体の外周に局所的に強く接触するという現象を緩和することができる。このことによって蓄電素子の内部短絡を防止または抑制することができる。
【００１０】
このような横型蓄電素子の好ましい態様の一つでは、前記窪みの深さが、正極の正フランジ部および負極の負フランジ部の厚さにほぼ等しい。ここで「ほぼ等しい」とは、窪みの深さが、フランジ部の厚さに対して±３０％以内（より好ましくは１０％以内）の範囲にあることをいう。
他の一つの好ましい態様では、前記窪みに収容された正負のフランジ部の内面（電極体外周に対向する面）と、前記窪み以外での容器内面が、ほぼ同一面上にある。ここで「ほぼ同一面上」とは、窪み以外での容器内面とフランジ部の内面との間の段差の高さが、フランジ部の厚さに対して±３０％以内（より好ましくは１０％以内）の範囲にあることをいう。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】また、この発明は下記の形態で実施することができる。
【００１２】
（形態１） 正極の正フランジ部は、その負フランジ部側かつ内面側（電極体外周側）の端部を、捲回電極との局所接触を防止できる半径の円弧形状（Ｒ形状）に形成することができる。また、負極の負フランジ部は、その正フランジ部側かつ内面側（電極体外周側）の端部を、捲回型電極体との局所接触を防止できる半径の円弧形状に形成することができる。正フランジ部および負フランジ部の少なくとも一方をこのような形状とすることにより、フランジ部が電極体側に押付けられたときに電極体に局所的な応力が加わるという現象を、よりよく緩和することができる。あるいは、正フランジ部の形状を、負フランジ部側に近づくにつれて電極体外周から離隔する方向に反った形状としてもよい。また、負フランジ部の形状を、正フランジ部側に近づくにつれて電極体外周から離隔する方向に反った形状としてもよい。
【００１３】
（形態２） 容器の大まかな形状は偏平な直方体状であり、有底筒状のケースと、そのケースの開口部を塞ぐ蓋体とを含んで構成されている。その容器の内部に、偏平状に捲回された捲回型電極体が収容されている。正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部は、容器の蓋体を貫通して容器外に露出している。その蓋体と捲回型電極体との間に正負のフランジ部が延びている。かかる構成の蓄電素子（好ましくはリチウムイオン二次電池または電気二重層キャパシタ）は、本発明が好ましく適用される蓄電素子の一例である。
【００１４】
【実施例】
（第一実施例）
正負のフランジ部と電極体外周との間に緩衝材が配置されたリチウムイオン二次電池の一例につき説明する。
図１は、本実施例に係る二次電池を示す分解斜視図である。また、図２は、図１のII−II線断面を模式的に示す断面図である。これらの図に示されるように、二次電池１は、一対の電極シート（正極シート１２および負極シート１４）がセパレータを介して偏平状に捲回された捲回型電極体１０と、電極体１０を収容する偏平な直方体状（角型または平型ともいう。）の容器２０と、電極体１０の軸方向両端部に接続された正極３０および負極４０とを備える。正極３０および負極４０は、電極体１０の軸方向両端からそれぞれ電極体１０の外周に沿って延びる正フランジ部３４および負フランジ部４４を有し、さらに容器２０を貫通して外方に延びている。正フランジ部３４および負フランジ部４４と電極体１０の外周との間には、一体形状の緩衝材５０が共通的に配置されている。
【００１５】
まず、捲回型電極体１０について説明する。この電極体は、長尺状の正極集電体の両面に正極活物質層が形成された正極シートと、長尺状の負極集電体の両面に負極活物質層が形成された負極シートと、二枚の長尺状のセパレータシートとを備える。これらのシートを、正極シート、セパレータ、負極シート、セパレータの順に積層し、捲回機等を用いて長尺方向に捲回する。この捲回体を径方向にプレスすることにより、偏平状に捲回された電極体を作製することができる。
このような捲回型電極体において、正極シートと負極シートとは捲回軸方向に対して互いに位置をずらして積層されている。その結果、図１および２に模式的に示すように、電極体１０の軸方向の一端は主として正極シート１２から構成され、軸方向の他端は主として負極シート１４から構成されている。この一端および他端に正極３０および負極４０がそれぞれ接続されている。また、電極体１０の外周は、図示しない絶縁シート（ここではセパレータシートと同じものを用いた）により覆われている。これにより、電極体１０と容器２０とが導通することを回避している。
【００１６】
なお、上記正極集電体としてはアルミニウム箔等を、上記負極集電体としては銅箔等を用いることができる。上記セパレータとしては多孔質ポリオレフィン（ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等）シートを用いることができる。上記正極活物質層を構成する正極活物質としては、ＬｉＭｎ2Ｏ4、ＬｉＣｏＯ2、ＬｉＮｉＯ2等の、従来のリチウムイオン二次電池に用いられる正極活物質の一種または二種以上を特に限定なく使用することができる。また、上記負極活物質層を構成する負極活物質としては、アモルファスカーボン、グラファイトカーボン等の、従来のリチウムイオン二次電池に用いられる負極活物質の一種または二種以上を特に限定なく使用することができる。これらの活物質層には、従来公知の結着剤、導電化剤等を適宜含有させることができる。
【００１７】
容器２０はアルミニウム製であって、有底四角筒状のケース２２と、ケース２２の上端開口部を封止する蓋体２４とを備える。捲回型電極体１０は、その捲回軸が横倒しとなるようにして容器２０に収容されている。電極体１０には図示しない電解液が含浸されている。この電解液としては、ジエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとの７：３（質量比）混合溶媒に１mol/リットルのＬｉＰＦ6を溶解させたもの等を用いることができる。
【００１８】
正極３０は、アルミニウム板を所定形状に成形したものである。この正極３０は、大まかにいって、電極体１０の軸方向の一端に沿ってその偏平方向（図２の上下方向）に延びる正接触部３２と、電極体１０の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向（ここでは図１および図２の上側）に延びる正端子部３６と、正接触部３２と正端子部３６の間にあって電極体１０の外周に沿って延びている正フランジ部３４とを有する。正接触部３２のうち正フランジ部３４と反対側の一端は、電極体１０の一方の端部で正極シート１２に溶接等により接続されている。また、図２によく示されるように、正フランジ部３４は、正接触部３２の他端（図１および図２の上端）から電極体１０の外周に回り込み、この外周に沿って電極体１０と蓋体２４との間を、電極体１０の他端側（負フランジ部側）に延びている。
【００１９】
負極４０は、銅板を正極３０とほぼ同形状に成形したものであって、負接触部４２、負フランジ部４４および負端子部４６を有する。この負極４０は、正極３０とほぼ対称となるように電極体１０に取り付けられている。負接触部４２のうち負フランジ部４４と反対側の一端は、電極体１０の他方の端部で負極シート１４に溶接等により接続されている。負フランジ部４４は、負接触部４２の他端（図１および図２の上端）から電極体１０の外周に回り込み、この外周に沿って電極体１０と蓋体２４との間を、電極体１０の他端側（正フランジ部側）に延びている。
【００２０】
正端子部３６および負端子部４６は、蓋体２４を貫通して容器２０の外方に延びている。これら正負の端子部３６，４６を介して、電極体１０の側方（捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向）から電流を取り出すことができる。また、正負のフランジ部３４，４４は、電極体１０の軸方向の一端および他端から互いに近づく方向に延びている。これらのフランジ部３４，４４と電極体１０の外周との間に緩衝材５０が配置されている。以下、この緩衝材５０につき説明する。
【００２１】
緩衝材の構成材料としては、蓄電素子の種類に応じて、その蓄電素子を構成する電解液や、蓄電素子の使用により生じる反応生成物に対して耐性を有する材料を適宜選択して用いることができる。通常は絶縁性材料を選択することが好ましい。例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂や、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体（ＥＰＤＭ）等が好ましく選択される。また、ＰＰＳ（ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂）、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ＰＥＥＫ（ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂）、ＰＥＳ（ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂）等を用いてもよい。このような材料を板状、シート状、フィルム状等に成形したものを緩衝材として用いることができる。このような材料を主体に構成された発泡体、多孔質体、不織布、織布等を用いてもよい。
【００２２】
緩衝材の厚さは特に限定されない。一般に、緩衝材の厚さを大きくすると、より大きな衝撃に対しても優れた短絡防止効果を発揮し得る。一方、緩衝材の厚さを過剰に大きくすると蓄電素子が大型化する傾向にある。これらのバランスから、通常は緩衝材の厚さを凡そ０．２〜２mm程度とすることが適当である。緩衝材の幅は、偏平状に捲回された電極体の厚さに対して例えば０．５〜１．２倍程度とすることができる。また、蓄電素子の組み立てが容易であること等から、容器開口部の幅よりも緩衝材の幅を小さくすることが好ましい。緩衝材の長さは、本実施例のような一体形状の緩衝材では、正フランジ部と電極体外周との間から負フランジ部と電極体外周との間まで届く長さとする。電極体の軸長とほぼ同等の長さを有する緩衝材を用いることが好ましい。
【００２３】
この緩衝材は、厚み方向に貫通する孔および／または外周の切欠きを有する形状とすることができる。これにより、蓄電素子（容器）の内外で流体を流通させる際に、その流体の流通性に及ぼす緩衝材の影響を少なくすることができる。例えば、蓄電素子の過充電時等において発生し得るガスを容器外部へと逃すためのガス抜き経路を、より適切に確保することができる。また、蓄電素子製造時に容器内に電解液を注入する操作が容易となり得る。
本実施例では、緩衝材５０として厚さ約０．５mmのポリエチレンシートを用いた。この緩衝材５０の幅は、偏平型電極体１０の横断面における短軸の長さ（電極体１０の厚み）とほぼ同等である。また、緩衝材５０の長さは電極体１０の軸長とほぼ同等である。この緩衝材５０には、気体の流通が可能な貫通孔（図示せず）が多数設けられている。
【００２４】
二次電池１を製造する際には、例えば図１に示すように、電極体１０と正極３０と負極４０と絶縁材５０とを組み立てる。正フランジ部３４および負フランジ部４４の上にそれぞれ絶縁部材６０を配置し、その上から蓋体２４を被せる。絶縁部材６０および蓋体２４には、正端子部３６および負端子部４６をそれぞれ貫通させる貫通孔が設けられている。正負の端子部３６，４６の外周にはネジ溝が設けられている。蓋体２４を貫通した端子部３６，４６の周囲に絶縁パッキン６２を配置し、ナット３８，４８をネジ止めして端子部３６，４６と蓋体２４との間をシールする。なお、絶縁パッキン６２の下面には図示しない環状凸部が形成されている。この環状凸部は、蓋体２４の貫通孔に挿入されて、当該貫通孔の内壁面と端子部３６，４６とを隔てて（絶縁して）いる。ケース２２の上端開口部から、電極体１０と、正極３０の正接触部２２および正フランジ部２４と、負極４０の負接触部４２および負フランジ部４４とをケース２２に収容する。ケース２２の上端開口部に蓋体２４をレーザ溶接等により取り付けて容器２０を構成する。このようにして二次電池１を得ることができる。なお、電解液は、蓋体２４に設けられた電解液注入孔（図示せず）を通じて容器２０内に注入され、電極体１０に含浸される。また、図２では絶縁パッキン６２およびナット３８，４８の図示を省略している。
【００２５】
本実施例の二次電池１が落下した場合における緩衝材５０の作用を説明する。例えば、二次電池１が蓋体２４側から落下して着地面に衝突すると、それまでの落下運動の慣性によってフランジ部３４，４４が電極体１０の外周に押付けられる。このとき、フランジ部３４，４４と電極体１０との間に配置された緩衝材５０によって、電極体１０に加わる圧縮応力を分散させることができる。例えば、正フランジ部３４の負フランジ部側かつ内面側の端部（内面端部）３４ａ、および／または、負フランジ部４４の正フランジ部側かつ内面側の端部（内面端部）４４ａが電極体１０を局所的に強く圧迫するという現象を緩和することができる。その結果、二次電池１が内部短絡（例えば、電極体１０の内部での短絡、端子３０，４０と電極体１０の間での短絡等）を生じることが回避される。
【００２６】
なお、本実施例の変形例として、図３に示すように、フランジ部３４，４４の内面端部３４ａ，４４ａをＲ形状（丸みをもたせた形状）としてもよい。また、正フランジ部３４の負フランジ部側および／または負フランジ部４４の正フランジ部側を、電極体１０外周から離隔する方向に（蓋体２４側に）反った形状としてもよい。このような形状のフランジ部３４，４４によると、落下時等に電極体１０に加わる圧縮応力を分散させるという効果がさらに高められる。
【００２７】
（第二実施例）
本実施例は、正フランジ部および負フランジ部と電極体との間にそれぞれ一つづつ緩衝材が配置されたリチウムイオン二次電池の一例である。以下、第一実施例に係る部材と同様の機能を果たす部材については同じ符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
図４は、本実施例の二次電池の要部を示す斜視図である。図示するように、本実施例の二次電池を構成する正極３０のフランジ部３４と電極体１０との間には第一緩衝材５２が配置されている。また、負極４０のフランジ部４４と電極体１０との間には、第一緩衝材５２とは別体の第二緩衝材５３が配置されている。これらの緩衝材５２，５３の大まかな形状は長方形であって、その主要部の厚さは約１mmである。第一緩衝材５２は、電極体１０の軸方向の一端付近から、正フランジ部３４の負フランジ側端部を超えて負フランジ側に延びている。また、第二緩衝材５３は、電極体１０の軸方向の一端付近から、負フランジ部３４の正フランジ側端部を超えて正フランジ部側に延びている。第一緩衝材５２の負フランジ部側かつ内面側の端部（内面端部）５２ａは、その電極体１０側がＲ形状となるように形成されている。同様に、第二緩衝材５３の正フランジ部側かつ内面側の端部（内面端部）５３ａもＲ形状に形成されている。電極体１０と端子３０，４０と緩衝材５２，５３とをこのように組み立てたものを、第一実施例と同様に（図１参照）容器２０に収容して二次電池を得ることができる。
【００２８】
本実施例の構成によると、フランジ部３４，４４と電極体１０との間（特に、それらの内面端部３４ａ，４４ａと電極体１０との間）にそれぞれ緩衝材５２，５３が配置されていることにより、二次電池の落下時等に電極体１０にかかる応力を分散させることができる。このことによって二次電池の内部短絡を抑制することができる。また、図４に示すように、第一緩衝材５２と第二緩衝材５３とは電極体１０の軸方向に離れて配置されているので、二次電池の内外で流体（電池の過充電時等において発生し得るガス、電池製造時に注入される電解液等）を流通させる際に、その流体の流れが緩衝材５２，５３によって妨げられにくいという利点がある。
なお、本実施例の変形例として、内面端部５２ａ，５３ａをＲ形状としない形状の緩衝材５２，５３を用いてもよい。例えば、緩衝材５２，５３が比較的柔軟である場合（例えばＥＰＤＭを主体に構成されている場合）には、このような形状のものを好ましく採用することができる。また、図３に示す二次電池１と同様に、フランジ部３４，４４の内面端部３４ａ，４４ａをＲ形状としてもよい。これにより、内部短絡を防止する効果をさらに高めることができる。
【００２９】
（第三実施例）
本実施例は、正フランジ部および負フランジ部を受入れる窪みを有する緩衝材（絶縁部材）を用いて構成されたリチウムイオン二次電池の一例である。
図５に示すように、本実施例の二次電池３は、第一実施例の二次電池１とは異なる形状の緩衝材５０を有する。この緩衝材５０は絶縁性材料からなり、その長手方向の両端部にある薄肉部５０２と、それらの薄肉部５０２の間（長手方向の中央部）にある厚肉部５０４とを備える。この緩衝材５０は、一方の薄肉部５０２が正フランジ部３４と電極体１０との間に、他方の薄肉部５０２が負フランジ部４４と電極体１０との間にそれぞれ位置し、厚肉部５０４が正フランジ部３４と負フランジ部４４との間（電極体１０の軸方向の中央部）に位置するように配置されている。すなわち、緩衝材５０には、薄肉部５０２と厚肉部５０４との厚さの違いによって薄肉部５０２の部分に窪みが形成されており、これらの窪み（薄肉部５０２）に正フランジ部３４および負フランジ部４４がそれぞれ収容されている。また、正フランジ部３４と負フランジ部４４との間では、厚肉部５０４が蓋体２４側に突出して蓋体２４の内表面にほぼ当接している。その他の部分については、第一実施例の二次電池１とほぼ同様の構成を有する。
このような構成の二次電池３によると、第一実施例の構成に比べて、さらに良好な短絡防止効果を得ることができる。
【００３０】
なお、緩衝材５０の形状は、図５に示すよりも厚肉部５０４の蓋体２４側への突出の程度が少ない（すなわち、薄肉部５０２と形成される窪みがより浅い）形状としてもよい。緩衝材５０の形状は、この厚肉部５０４が少なくともフランジ部３４，４４の内面よりも蓋体２４側に突出した形状とすることが好ましく、フランジ部３４，４４の上面（蓋体２４側の面）よりも蓋体２４側に突出した形状とすることがより好ましい。緩衝材５０をかかる形状とするには、例えば、薄肉部５０２と厚肉部５０４との厚さの違いをフランジ部３４，４４の厚さよりも大きくすればよい。
【００３１】
（第四実施例）
本実施例は、正フランジ部および負フランジ部を受入れる窪みを有する容器を用いて構成されたリチウムイオン二次電池の一例である。
図６に示すように、本実施例の二次電池４では、フランジ部３４，４４と電極体１０との間に緩衝材５０が配置されていない。電極体１０の外周とフランジ部３４，４４の内面との間には厚さ約１mmの隙間が設けられている。また、蓋体２４は、長手方向の両端部にある薄肉部２４２、それらの薄肉部２４２の間（長手方向の中央部）にある厚肉部２４４とを備えている。一方の薄肉部２４２は正フランジ部３４の上方に、他方の薄肉部２４２は負フランジ部４４の上方にそれぞれ位置している。薄肉部２４２とフランジ部３４，４４との間にはそれぞれ絶縁部材６０が配置されている。また、蓋体２４の厚肉部２４４はフランジ部３４，４４の間に位置している。すなわち、容器２０を構成する蓋体２４の内面には、薄肉部２４２と厚肉部２４４との厚さの違いによって薄肉部２４２の部分に窪みが形成されており、これらの窪み（薄肉部２４２）に正フランジ部３４および負フランジ部４４がそれぞれ収容されている。その他の部分については、第一実施例の二次電池１とほぼ同様の構成を有する。
本実施例の構成では、前記窪みに収容されたフランジ部３４，４４の内面（電極体側の面）と、窪み以外の部分である厚肉部２４４の内面とが、ほぼ同一面上にある。このことによって、フランジ部３４，４４のある部分とない部分との間に顕著な段差がある場合に比べて、電極体１０に局所的な応力が加わるという現象を緩和することができる。したがって二次電池４の内部短絡をよりよく防止または抑制することができる。
【００３２】
なお、蓋体２４の形状は、図６に示すよりも厚肉部２４４の突出の程度が少ない形状としてもよい。厚肉部２４４が少なくともフランジ部３４，４４の上面（蓋体２４側の面）よりも電極体１０側に突出した形状とすることが好ましく、厚肉部２４４がフランジ部３４，４４の下面（電極体１０側の面）よりも電極体１０側に突出した形状とすることがより好ましい。蓋体２４をかかる形状とするためには、例えば、薄肉部２４２と厚肉部２４４との厚さの違いを、フランジ部３４，４４の厚さと絶縁部材６０との合計厚さよりも大きくすればよい。また、図７に示すように、フランジ部３４，４４と電極体１０との間に、第一実施例と同様の緩衝材５０を配置した構成とすることにより、内部短絡を防止する効果をさらに高めることができる。
【００３３】
（第五実施例）
本実施例は、正フランジ部および負フランジ部を受入れる窪みを有する絶縁部材を用いて構成されたリチウムイオン二次電池の一例である。
図８に示すように、本実施例の二次電池５では、第一実施例の二次電池１（図２参照）において、正フランジ部３４および負フランジ部４４と蓋体２４との間にそれぞれ配置された二つの絶縁部材６０に代えて、正フランジ部３４と蓋体２４との間から負フランジ部４４と蓋体２４との間まで延びる一体形状の絶縁部材６４を用いている。この絶縁部材６４は、長手方向の両端にあってフランジ部３４，４４と蓋体２４との間にそれぞれ配置される薄肉部６４２と、それらの薄肉部６４２の間にあって正フランジ部３４と負フランジ部４４との間に配置される厚肉部６４４とを備える。すなわち、絶縁部材６４には、薄肉部６４２と厚肉部２４４との厚さの違いによって窪みが形成されており、これらの窪み（薄肉部６４２）にフランジ部３４，４４が収容されている。その他の部分については、第一実施例の二次電池１とほぼ同様の構成を有する。
本実施例の構成では、フランジ部３４，４４の内面と厚肉部６４４の内面とはほぼ同一面上にある。このことによって、フランジ部３４，４４のある部分とない部分との間に顕著な段差がある場合に比べて、電極体１０に局所的な応力が加わるという現象を緩和することができる。したがって電池５の内部短絡をよりよく防止または抑制することができる。
【００３４】
以上、本発明の具体例を詳細に説明したが、これらは例示にすぎず、特許請求の範囲を限定するものではない。特許請求の範囲に記載の技術には、以上に例示した具体例を様々に変形、変更したものが含まれる。
例えば、上記実施例ではリチウムイオン二次電池につき説明したが、本発明はニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池等の他の種類の二次電池や、電気二重層キャパシタ等の各種蓄電素子にも適用することができる。電極を構成する活物質、集電体および端子ならびにセパレータ等の材質や電解液の組成等は、蓄電素子の種類に応じて適当に選択され得る。
また、本明細書または図面に説明した技術要素は、単独であるいは各種の組み合わせによって技術的有用性を発揮するものであり、出願時請求項記載の組み合わせに限定されるものではない。また、本明細書または図面に例示した技術は複数目的を同時に達成するものであり、そのうちの一つの目的を達成すること自体で技術的有用性を持つものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】第一実施例に係る二次電池を示す分解斜視図である。
【図２】図１のII−II線断面を示す模式的断面図である。
【図３】第一実施例の変形例を示す模式的断面図である。
【図４】第二実施例に係る二次電池の要部を示す斜視図である。
【図５】第三実施例に係る二次電池を示す模式的断面図である。
【図６】第四実施例に係る二次電池を示す模式的断面図である。
【図７】第四実施例の変形例に係る二次電池を示す模式的断面図である。
【図８】第五実施例に係る二次電池を示す模式的断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１，３，４，５：リチウムイオン二次電池（蓄電素子）
１０：捲回型電極体
２０：容器
２４：蓋体
３０：正極
３２：正接触部
３４：正フランジ部
３６：正端子部
４０：負極
４２：負接触部
４４：負フランジ部
４６：負端子部
５０，５２，５３：緩衝材
６０，６４：絶縁部材
２４２，５０２，６４２：薄肉部（窪み）[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power storage device having a wound electrode body. In this specification, the term “electric storage element” is a concept that includes both batteries (such as lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries) and capacitors (such as electric double layer capacitors).
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art There is known an electric storage element in which an electrode body (wound electrode body) in which a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet are wound via a separator is housed in a container together with an electrolytic solution. As one form of such a power storage element, an electrode body is vertically accommodated in a cylindrical case having a bottom (so that a winding axis of the electrode body is substantially upright on a bottom surface of the case), and an upper end of the case is provided. There is a container in which an opening is closed with a lid to constitute a container. The current is taken out of the electrode body through a pair of terminals electrically connected to the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, typically on the bottom side and the lid side of the container (that is, in the axial direction of the wound electrode body). From both ends).
[0003]
By the way, the power storage element may be exposed to a physical impact such as a drop. In order to prevent the storage element from causing an internal short circuit in such a case, Patent Literature 1 discloses a secondary battery of the above-described configuration in which an electrode body is vertically housed in a container, and one end face in the axial direction of the electrode body and the battery. A technique of disposing an insulator between a lid (lid) is disclosed. Another prior art document relating to preventing an internal short circuit at the time of a battery drop is Patent Document 2.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-283112
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-357893 A
[0005]
On the other hand, as another form of a power storage element having a wound electrode body, there is one in which the electrode body is housed in a container in a direction in which a winding axis is turned sideways. Typically, such a power storage element (hereinafter, also referred to as a “horizontal power storage element”) typically includes a pair of terminals from the side of the electrode body (in a direction substantially orthogonal to the winding axis of the wound electrode body). Through which the current is extracted. In order to prevent an internal short circuit when the storage element of such a form falls or the like, there is little effect obtained by directly applying the technique of Patent Document 1 having a different current extraction direction or the like.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal power storage element having a configuration suitable for preventing an internal short circuit at the time of drop.
[0006]
When a current is taken out from the side of the wound electrode body, at least one or two or more arranged around the electrode body are taken into account for forming this take-out structure. (For example, a positive electrode and / or a negative electrode) tends to cause significant unevenness in a portion facing the outer periphery of the electrode body. The present inventor has found that the above problem can be solved by preventing or suppressing the phenomenon that a large stress is locally applied to the outer periphery of the electrode body (that is, the laminating direction of the electrode sheet) due to such unevenness.
[0007]
One horizontal power storage element provided by the present invention includes (a) a wound electrode body in which a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet are wound via a separator. (B) a positive contact portion in contact with the positive electrode sheet at one end of the wound electrode body; a positive terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body; A positive electrode having a positive flange portion extending between the positive terminal portion and the positive terminal portion and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body can be provided. (C) a negative contact portion in contact with the negative electrode sheet at the other end of the wound electrode body, a negative terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and And a negative flange portion between the negative terminal portion and the negative flange portion extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body. Further, (d) a container for accommodating the wound electrode body, the positive contact portion and the positive flange portion of the positive electrode, and the negative contact portion and the negative flange portion of the negative electrode can be provided. Further, a cushioning material may be provided between the positive flange of the positive electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body and between the negative flange of the negative electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body.
By interposing a cushioning material between the positive flange portion and the negative flange portion and the outer periphery of the electrode body, even when the flange portion (especially the outer edge) is pressed against the electrode body at the time of dropping of the power storage element, for example, The applied force (compressive stress) can be dispersed. As a result, it is possible to avoid locally applying a high compressive force to the electrode body, and it is possible to prevent or suppress an internal short circuit of the power storage element.
[0008]
In a preferable one of such power storage elements, the cushioning member has an integral shape. The cushioning material extends from between the positive flange of the positive electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body to between the negative flange of the negative electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body. Such a configuration is preferable because the positioning of the cushioning material is easy during the manufacture of the electric storage element.
Note that the cushioning member arranged between the positive flange portion and the outer periphery of the electrode body and the cushioning member arranged between the negative flange portion and the outer periphery of the electrode body may be separate members (separate bodies).
[0009]
Another horizontal power storage element provided by the present invention can have the above-described configurations (a) to (d). In such a configuration, the positive terminal portion of the positive electrode and the negative terminal portion of the negative electrode penetrate a wall defining the container and are exposed outside the container. A recess is formed on the inner surface of the wall of the container, through which the positive terminal of the positive electrode and the negative terminal of the negative electrode penetrate, to receive the positive flange of the positive electrode and the negative flange of the negative electrode. Still another embodiment has the above-described configurations (a) to (d) and has the positive terminal portion of the positive electrode and the negative terminal portion of the negative electrode exposed outside the container through the wall defining the container. Between the wall of the container and the wound electrode body through which the positive terminal part of the positive electrode and the negative terminal part of the negative electrode penetrate, the positive flange part of the positive electrode and the negative flange part of the negative electrode An insulating member having a recess formed therein is arranged.
By forming such a depression, when a stress is applied in a direction to relatively bring the flange portion and the electrode body closer due to dropping of the power storage element or the like, the positive and negative flange portions (typically, ends thereof) become the electrode body. Phenomenon of strong local contact with the outer periphery of the substrate can be mitigated. This can prevent or suppress an internal short circuit of the power storage element.
[0010]
In one preferred embodiment of such a lateral power storage element, the depth of the depression is substantially equal to the thickness of the positive flange portion of the positive electrode and the negative flange portion of the negative electrode. Here, “substantially equal” means that the depth of the depression is within ± 30% (more preferably, within 10%) of the thickness of the flange portion.
In another preferred embodiment, the inner surfaces of the positive and negative flange portions accommodated in the recess (the surface facing the outer periphery of the electrode body) and the inner surface of the container other than the recess are substantially on the same plane. Here, “substantially on the same plane” means that the height of the step between the inner surface of the container and the inner surface of the flange except for the depression is within ± 30% (more preferably 10%) of the thickness of the flange. Within).
[0011]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention can be implemented in the following embodiments.
[0012]
(Mode 1) The positive flange portion of the positive electrode is formed such that its end on the negative flange portion side and on the inner surface side (the outer peripheral side of the electrode body) is formed in an arc shape (R shape) having a radius capable of preventing local contact with the wound electrode. can do. In addition, the negative flange portion of the negative electrode can be formed such that the end portion on the positive flange portion side and the inner surface side (the outer peripheral side of the electrode body) is formed in an arc shape having a radius capable of preventing local contact with the wound electrode body. . By making at least one of the positive flange portion and the negative flange portion have such a shape, the phenomenon that local stress is applied to the electrode body when the flange portion is pressed against the electrode body side can be better mitigated. it can. Alternatively, the shape of the positive flange portion may be a shape that warps in a direction away from the outer periphery of the electrode body as approaching the negative flange portion side. Further, the shape of the negative flange portion may be a shape that warps in a direction away from the outer periphery of the electrode body as approaching the positive flange portion side.
[0013]
(Embodiment 2) The general shape of the container is a flat rectangular parallelepiped, and includes a cylindrical case with a bottom and a lid for closing the opening of the case. A flat-type wound electrode body is accommodated in the container. The positive terminal portion of the positive electrode and the negative terminal portion of the negative electrode penetrate the lid of the container and are exposed outside the container. Positive and negative flanges extend between the lid and the wound electrode body. A power storage device having such a configuration (preferably, a lithium ion secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor) is an example of a power storage device to which the present invention is preferably applied.
[0014]
【Example】
(First embodiment)
An example of a lithium ion secondary battery in which a cushioning material is disposed between the positive and negative flange portions and the outer periphery of the electrode body will be described.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the secondary battery according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing a section taken along line II-II of FIG. As shown in these figures, the secondary battery 1 includes a wound electrode body 10 in which a pair of electrode sheets (a positive electrode sheet 12 and a negative electrode sheet 14) are flatly wound via a separator, and an electrode body. A flat rectangular parallelepiped (square or flat) container 20 for accommodating the electrode 10 and a positive electrode 30 and a negative electrode 40 connected to both axial ends of the electrode body 10 are provided. The positive electrode 30 and the negative electrode 40 have a positive flange portion 34 and a negative flange portion 44 extending along the outer periphery of the electrode body 10 from both ends in the axial direction of the electrode body 10, and further extend outward through the container 20. I have. An integral cushioning material 50 is commonly arranged between the positive flange portion 34 and the negative flange portion 44 and the outer periphery of the electrode body 10.
[0015]
First, the wound electrode body 10 will be described. This electrode body has a positive electrode sheet in which a positive electrode active material layer is formed on both surfaces of a long positive electrode current collector, and a negative electrode sheet in which a negative electrode active material layer is formed on both surfaces of a long negative electrode current collector. And two long separator sheets. These sheets are laminated in the order of a positive electrode sheet, a separator, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator, and are wound in the longitudinal direction using a winding machine or the like. By pressing the wound body in the radial direction, a flatly wound electrode body can be manufactured.
In such a wound electrode body, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are stacked while being displaced from each other in the winding axis direction. As a result, as schematically shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one end of the electrode body 10 in the axial direction is mainly composed of the positive electrode sheet 12, and the other end in the axial direction is mainly composed of the negative electrode sheet 14. A positive electrode 30 and a negative electrode 40 are connected to one end and the other end, respectively. The outer periphery of the electrode body 10 is covered with an insulating sheet (not shown, the same as the separator sheet here). Thereby, conduction between the electrode body 10 and the container 20 is avoided.
[0016]
Note that an aluminum foil or the like can be used as the positive electrode current collector, and a copper foil or the like can be used as the negative electrode current collector. As the separator, a porous polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) sheet can be used. As the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode active material layer, LiMn Two O Four , LiCoO Two , LiNiO Two One or more of the positive electrode active materials used in conventional lithium ion secondary batteries can be used without any particular limitation. Further, as the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode active material layer, one or two or more types of negative electrode active materials used in conventional lithium ion secondary batteries, such as amorphous carbon and graphite carbon, are used without particular limitation. Can be. These active material layers may appropriately contain conventionally known binders, conductive agents, and the like.
[0017]
The container 20 is made of aluminum, and includes a case 22 having a bottomed rectangular tube shape, and a lid 24 that seals an upper end opening of the case 22. The wound electrode body 10 is accommodated in the container 20 such that the wound axis is turned over. Electrode body 10 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution (not shown). As the electrolytic solution, 1 mol / L of LiPF was mixed with a 7: 3 (mass ratio) mixed solvent of diethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate. 6 Can be used.
[0018]
The positive electrode 30 is obtained by forming an aluminum plate into a predetermined shape. The positive electrode 30 is roughly orthogonal to a positive contact portion 32 extending along one axial end of the electrode body 10 in a flat direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) and a winding axis of the electrode body 10. The positive terminal portion 36 extends in the direction (here, the upper side in FIGS. 1 and 2), and the positive flange portion 34 is provided between the positive contact portion 32 and the positive terminal portion 36 and extends along the outer periphery of the electrode body 10. . One end of the positive contact portion 32 opposite to the positive flange portion 34 is connected to the positive electrode sheet 12 at one end of the electrode body 10 by welding or the like. As shown in FIG. 2, the normal flange portion 34 wraps around the outer periphery of the electrode body 10 from the other end (the upper end in FIGS. 1 and 2) of the positive contact portion 32, and extends along the outer periphery. And the cover 24 extend toward the other end of the electrode body 10 (negative flange side).
[0019]
The negative electrode 40 is formed by molding a copper plate into substantially the same shape as the positive electrode 30, and has a negative contact portion 42, a negative flange portion 44, and a negative terminal portion 46. The negative electrode 40 is attached to the electrode body 10 so as to be substantially symmetric with the positive electrode 30. One end of the negative contact portion 42 opposite to the negative flange portion 44 is connected to the negative electrode sheet 14 by welding or the like at the other end of the electrode body 10. The negative flange portion 44 wraps around the outer periphery of the electrode body 10 from the other end of the negative contact portion 42 (the upper end in FIGS. 1 and 2), and extends between the electrode body 10 and the lid 24 along the outer periphery. 10 extends to the other end side (the front flange portion side).
[0020]
The positive terminal portion 36 and the negative terminal portion 46 extend outside the container 20 through the lid 24. Through these positive and negative terminal portions 36 and 46, a current can be extracted from the side of the electrode body 10 (direction substantially perpendicular to the winding axis). The positive and negative flange portions 34 and 44 extend in a direction approaching each other from one end and the other end in the axial direction of the electrode body 10. A cushioning material 50 is arranged between these flange portions 34 and 44 and the outer periphery of the electrode body 10. Hereinafter, the cushioning member 50 will be described.
[0021]
As a constituent material of the cushioning material, depending on the type of the storage element, an electrolyte solution forming the storage element or a material having resistance to a reaction product generated by use of the storage element may be appropriately selected and used. it can. Usually, it is preferable to select an insulating material. For example, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) are preferably selected. Further, PPS (polyphenylene sulfide resin), polyimide resin, polyamide imide resin, fluororesin, PEEK (polyether ether ketone resin), PES (polyether sulfone resin), or the like may be used. A material obtained by forming such a material into a plate shape, a sheet shape, a film shape, or the like can be used as a cushioning material. A foam, a porous body, a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, or the like mainly composed of such a material may be used.
[0022]
The thickness of the cushioning material is not particularly limited. In general, when the thickness of the cushioning material is increased, an excellent short-circuit prevention effect can be exhibited even with a larger impact. On the other hand, when the thickness of the cushioning material is excessively increased, the size of the electric storage element tends to increase. From these balances, it is usually appropriate to set the thickness of the cushioning material to about 0.2 to 2 mm. The width of the cushioning material can be, for example, about 0.5 to 1.2 times the thickness of the flat wound electrode body. In addition, it is preferable that the width of the cushioning material is smaller than the width of the container opening because the storage element can be easily assembled. The length of the cushioning material is such that, in the case of the one-piece cushioning material as in this embodiment, the length reaches from between the positive flange portion and the outer periphery of the electrode body to between the negative flange portion and the outer periphery of the electrode body. It is preferable to use a buffer having a length substantially equal to the axial length of the electrode body.
[0023]
This cushioning material can be formed in a shape having a hole penetrating in the thickness direction and / or a notch on the outer periphery. Thus, when a fluid flows inside and outside the electric storage element (container), the influence of the buffer material on the flowability of the fluid can be reduced. For example, it is possible to more appropriately secure a gas release path for releasing gas that may be generated when the power storage element is overcharged to the outside of the container. Further, the operation of injecting the electrolytic solution into the container at the time of manufacturing the electric storage element can be facilitated.
In the present embodiment, a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of about 0.5 mm was used as the cushioning material 50. The width of the cushioning material 50 is substantially equal to the length of the short axis (thickness of the electrode body 10) in the cross section of the flat electrode body 10. The length of the buffer 50 is substantially equal to the axial length of the electrode body 10. The cushioning member 50 is provided with a large number of through holes (not shown) through which gas can flow.
[0024]
When manufacturing the secondary battery 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the electrode body 10, the positive electrode 30, the negative electrode 40, and the insulating material 50 are assembled. The insulating member 60 is disposed on each of the positive flange portion 34 and the negative flange portion 44, and the lid 24 is put on the insulating member 60 from above. The insulating member 60 and the lid 24 are provided with through holes for penetrating the positive terminal portion 36 and the negative terminal portion 46, respectively. Screw grooves are provided on the outer periphery of the positive and negative terminal portions 36 and 46. The insulating packing 62 is arranged around the terminal portions 36 and 46 penetrating the lid 24, and nuts 38 and 48 are screwed to seal between the terminal portions 36 and 46 and the lid 24. An annular projection (not shown) is formed on the lower surface of the insulating packing 62. The annular projection is inserted into the through hole of the lid 24 and separates (insulates) the inner wall surface of the through hole from the terminal portions 36 and 46. The electrode body 10, the positive contact portion 22 and the positive flange portion 24 of the positive electrode 30, and the negative contact portion 42 and the negative flange portion 44 of the negative electrode 40 are housed in the case 22 from the upper end opening of the case 22. The container 20 is configured by attaching the lid 24 to the upper end opening of the case 22 by laser welding or the like. Thus, the secondary battery 1 can be obtained. The electrolyte is injected into the container 20 through an electrolyte injection hole (not shown) provided in the lid 24, and is impregnated in the electrode 10. In FIG. 2, the illustration of the insulating packing 62 and the nuts 38 and 48 is omitted.
[0025]
The operation of the cushioning member 50 when the secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment falls will be described. For example, when the secondary battery 1 falls from the lid 24 side and collides with the landing surface, the flange portions 34 and 44 are pressed against the outer periphery of the electrode body 10 by the inertia of the falling movement until then. At this time, the compressive stress applied to the electrode body 10 can be dispersed by the cushioning material 50 disposed between the flange portions 34 and 44 and the electrode body 10. For example, the end (inner end) 34a on the negative flange side and the inner surface side of the positive flange 34 and / or the end (inner end) 44a on the positive flange side and the inner surface side of the negative flange 44 are formed. The phenomenon that the electrode body 10 is strongly pressed locally can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery 1 from causing an internal short circuit (for example, a short circuit inside the electrode body 10, a short circuit between the terminals 30, 40 and the electrode body 10).
[0026]
As a modified example of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface end portions 34a, 44a of the flange portions 34, 44 may be R-shaped (rounded shape). Further, the negative flange portion side of the positive flange portion 34 and / or the positive flange portion side of the negative flange portion 44 may have a shape that is warped (toward the lid 24 side) in a direction away from the outer periphery of the electrode body 10. According to the flange portions 34 and 44 having such a shape, the effect of dispersing the compressive stress applied to the electrode body 10 at the time of dropping or the like is further enhanced.
[0027]
(Second embodiment)
The present embodiment is an example of a lithium ion secondary battery in which one buffer member is disposed between each of the positive and negative flange portions and the electrode body. Hereinafter, members performing the same functions as the members according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a main part of the secondary battery of the present embodiment. As shown in the drawing, a first cushioning material 52 is disposed between the flange portion 34 of the positive electrode 30 and the electrode body 10 constituting the secondary battery of the present embodiment. In addition, a second buffer material 53 separate from the first buffer material 52 is disposed between the flange portion 44 of the negative electrode 40 and the electrode body 10. The rough shape of these cushioning materials 52 and 53 is rectangular, and the thickness of the main part is about 1 mm. The first buffer material 52 extends from the vicinity of one axial end of the electrode body 10 to the negative flange side beyond the negative flange side end of the positive flange portion 34. In addition, the second buffer material 53 extends from the vicinity of one end of the electrode body 10 in the axial direction, beyond the end of the negative flange portion 34 on the positive flange side, toward the positive flange portion. An end (inner end) 52a of the first buffer member 52 on the negative flange side and on the inner surface side is formed such that the electrode body 10 side has an R shape. Similarly, the end (inner end) 53a on the front flange side and the inner surface side of the second cushioning member 53 is also formed in an R shape. The assembly of the electrode body 10, the terminals 30, 40, and the cushioning materials 52, 53 in this manner is housed in the container 20 in the same manner as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 1) to obtain a secondary battery. .
[0028]
According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the cushioning members 52 and 53 are disposed between the flange portions 34 and 44 and the electrode body 10 (particularly, between the inner surface ends 34a and 44a and the electrode body 10). Accordingly, the stress applied to the electrode body 10 when the secondary battery falls or the like can be dispersed. Thereby, the internal short circuit of the secondary battery can be suppressed. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, since the first cushioning member 52 and the second cushioning member 53 are arranged apart from each other in the axial direction of the electrode body 10, the fluid inside and outside the secondary battery (when the battery is overcharged) And the like, when flowing a gas which can be generated in a battery or the like, or an electrolytic solution injected at the time of manufacturing a battery, there is an advantage that the flow of the fluid is hardly hindered by the buffer materials 52 and 53.
As a modification of the present embodiment, cushioning materials 52, 53 having inner surfaces 52a, 53a that do not have an R-shape may be used. For example, when the cushioning members 52 and 53 are relatively flexible (for example, when mainly composed of EPDM), such a shape can be preferably adopted. Further, similarly to the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface end portions 34a, 44a of the flange portions 34, 44 may have an R shape. Thereby, the effect of preventing an internal short circuit can be further enhanced.
[0029]
(Third embodiment)
This embodiment is an example of a lithium ion secondary battery configured using a cushioning material (insulating member) having a recess for receiving a positive flange portion and a negative flange portion.
As shown in FIG. 5, the secondary battery 3 of the present embodiment has a cushioning material 50 having a shape different from that of the secondary battery 1 of the first embodiment. The cushioning member 50 is made of an insulating material, and includes thin portions 502 at both ends in the longitudinal direction and a thick portion 504 between the thin portions 502 (central portion in the longitudinal direction). The cushioning member 50 has one thin portion 502 located between the positive flange portion 34 and the electrode body 10, and the other thin portion 502 located between the negative flange portion 44 and the electrode body 10. 504 is arranged between the positive flange portion 34 and the negative flange portion 44 (the central portion in the axial direction of the electrode body 10). That is, in the cushioning material 50, depressions are formed in the thin portion 502 due to the difference in thickness between the thin portion 502 and the thick portion 504, and the front flange portion 34 and the depression are formed in these depressions (the thin portion 502). Each of the negative flange portions 44 is housed. Further, between the positive flange portion 34 and the negative flange portion 44, the thick portion 504 protrudes toward the lid 24 and substantially contacts the inner surface of the lid 24. Other parts have substantially the same configuration as the secondary battery 1 of the first embodiment.
According to the secondary battery 3 having such a configuration, a better short-circuit prevention effect can be obtained as compared with the configuration of the first embodiment.
[0030]
The shape of the cushioning material 50 may be a shape in which the thick portion 504 projects less toward the lid 24 side than that shown in FIG. 5 (that is, the recess formed with the thin portion 502 is shallower). . The shape of the cushioning material 50 is preferably such that the thick portion 504 protrudes toward the lid 24 at least from the inner surfaces of the flanges 34 and 44, and the upper surfaces of the flanges 34 and 44 (the side of the lid 24). It is more preferable to have a shape protruding toward the lid 24 side from the (surface). In order to make the cushioning member 50 have such a shape, for example, the difference in thickness between the thin portion 502 and the thick portion 504 may be made larger than the thickness of the flange portions 34 and 44.
[0031]
(Fourth embodiment)
The present embodiment is an example of a lithium ion secondary battery configured using a container having a recess for receiving a positive flange portion and a negative flange portion.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the secondary battery 4 of the present embodiment, no cushioning material 50 is disposed between the flanges 34 and 44 and the electrode body 10. A gap having a thickness of about 1 mm is provided between the outer periphery of the electrode body 10 and the inner surfaces of the flange portions 34 and 44. The lid 24 includes a thin portion 242 at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and a thick portion 244 between the thin portions 242 (central portion in the longitudinal direction). One thin portion 242 is located above the positive flange portion 34, and the other thin portion 242 is located above the negative flange portion 44. An insulating member 60 is disposed between the thin portion 242 and the flange portions 34 and 44, respectively. The thick part 244 of the lid 24 is located between the flange parts 34 and 44. That is, on the inner surface of the lid 24 constituting the container 20, depressions are formed in the thin portion 242 due to the difference in thickness between the thin portion 242 and the thick portion 244, and these depressions (the thin portion 242) are formed. ) Accommodate the positive flange portion 34 and the negative flange portion 44, respectively. Other parts have substantially the same configuration as the secondary battery 1 of the first embodiment.
In the configuration of the present embodiment, the inner surfaces of the flange portions 34 and 44 (surfaces on the electrode body side) accommodated in the depressions and the inner surface of the thick portion 244 other than the depressions are substantially on the same plane. Thereby, the phenomenon that local stress is applied to the electrode body 10 can be reduced as compared with the case where there is a remarkable step between the portion where the flange portions 34 and 44 are present and the portion where it is not. Therefore, an internal short circuit of the secondary battery 4 can be better prevented or suppressed.
[0032]
Note that the shape of the lid 24 may be a shape in which the degree of protrusion of the thick portion 244 is smaller than that shown in FIG. It is preferable that the thick portion 244 has a shape protruding toward the electrode body 10 more than at least the upper surface (the surface on the lid 24 side) of the flange portions 34 and 44, and the thick portion 244 has a lower surface ( It is more preferable to have a shape protruding toward the electrode body 10 from the surface of the electrode body 10). In order to make the lid 24 have such a shape, for example, the difference in thickness between the thin portion 242 and the thick portion 244 is made larger than the total thickness of the flange portions 34 and 44 and the insulating member 60. Good. Also, as shown in FIG. 7, the effect of preventing an internal short circuit is further provided by adopting a configuration in which the cushioning material 50 similar to that of the first embodiment is disposed between the flange portions 34 and 44 and the electrode body 10. Can be enhanced.
[0033]
(Fifth embodiment)
The present embodiment is an example of a lithium ion secondary battery configured using an insulating member having a recess for receiving a positive flange portion and a negative flange portion.
As shown in FIG. 8, in the secondary battery 5 of the present embodiment, in the secondary battery 1 of the first embodiment (see FIG. 2), between the positive flange portion 34 and the negative flange portion 44 and the lid 24. Instead of the two insulating members 60 disposed respectively, an integral insulating member 64 extending from between the positive flange portion 34 and the lid 24 to between the negative flange portion 44 and the lid 24 is used. The insulating member 64 includes a thin portion 642 disposed between the flange portions 34 and 44 and the lid 24 at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and a positive flange portion 34 and a negative flange portion between the thin portions 642. And a thick portion 644 disposed between the first portion 44 and the second portion 44. That is, in the insulating member 64, depressions are formed due to the difference in thickness between the thin portion 642 and the thick portion 244, and the flange portions 34 and 44 are accommodated in these depressions (the thin portion 642). Other parts have substantially the same configuration as the secondary battery 1 of the first embodiment.
In the configuration of the present embodiment, the inner surfaces of the flange portions 34 and 44 and the inner surface of the thick portion 644 are substantially flush with each other. Thereby, the phenomenon that local stress is applied to the electrode body 10 can be reduced as compared with the case where there is a remarkable step between the portion where the flange portions 34 and 44 are present and the portion where it is not. Therefore, an internal short circuit of the battery 5 can be better prevented or suppressed.
[0034]
As mentioned above, although the specific example of this invention was demonstrated in detail, these are only illustrations and do not limit a claim. The technology described in the claims includes various modifications and alterations of the specific examples illustrated above.
For example, in the above embodiment, a lithium ion secondary battery was described, but the present invention is also applied to other types of secondary batteries such as nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries, and various types of power storage devices such as electric double layer capacitors. be able to. The material of the active material, the current collector, the terminal, the separator, and the like constituting the electrode, the composition of the electrolytic solution, and the like can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the power storage element.
Further, the technical elements described in the present specification or the drawings exhibit technical utility singly or in various combinations, and are not limited to the combinations described in the claims at the time of filing. The technology illustrated in the present specification or the drawings achieves a plurality of objects at the same time, and has technical utility by achieving one of the objects.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a secondary battery according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross section taken along line II-II of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a modification of the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a main part of a secondary battery according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing a secondary battery according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing a secondary battery according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view showing a secondary battery according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing a secondary battery according to a fifth embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,3,4,5: Lithium ion secondary battery (storage element)
10: Wound electrode body
20: Container
24: Lid
30: positive electrode
32: Positive contact part
34: Front flange part
36: Positive terminal
40: negative electrode
42: negative contact
44: Negative flange
46: negative terminal
50, 52, 53: cushioning material
60, 64: insulating member
242, 502, 642: Thin part (dent)

Claims (6)

(a).正極シートと負極シートがセパレータを介して捲回されている捲回型電極体と、
(b).捲回型電極体の一方の端部で正極シートに接する正接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる正端子部と、該正接触部と該正端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている正フランジ部とを有する正極と、
(c).捲回型電極体の他方の端部で負極シートに接する負接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる負端子部と、該負接触部と該該負端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている負フランジ部とを有する負極と、
(d).捲回型電極体と、正極の正接触部および正フランジ部と、負極の負接触部および負フランジ部とを収容する容器と、
(e).正極の正フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間ならびに負極の負フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間に配置されている緩衝材と、
を有する蓄電素子。(a) .A wound electrode body in which the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound via a separator,
(b) .A positive contact portion in contact with the positive electrode sheet at one end of the wound electrode body, a positive terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and the positive contact portion. A positive electrode having a positive flange portion between the positive terminal portions and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body;
(c) .A negative contact portion in contact with the negative electrode sheet at the other end of the wound electrode body, a negative terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and the negative contact portion. A negative electrode having a negative flange portion extending between the negative terminal portions and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body;
(d) .Wound type electrode body, a container accommodating the positive contact portion and the positive flange portion of the positive electrode, and the negative contact portion and the negative flange portion of the negative electrode,
(e) .A cushioning material disposed between the positive flange of the positive electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body and between the negative flange of the negative electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body,
A power storage element having: 前記緩衝材は一体形状であって、正極の正フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間から、負極の負フランジ部と捲回型電極体の外周の間にまで延びていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蓄電素子。The cushioning material has an integral shape, and extends from between the positive flange portion of the positive electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body to between the negative flange portion of the negative electrode and the outer periphery of the wound electrode body. The power storage device according to claim 1. (a).正極シートと負極シートがセパレータを介して捲回されている捲回型電極体と、
(b).捲回型電極体の一方の端部で正極シートに接する正接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる正端子部と、該正接触部と該正端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている正フランジ部とを有する正極と、
(c).捲回型電極体の他方の端部で負極シートに接する負接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる負端子部と、該負接触部と該該負端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている負フランジ部とを有する負極と、
(d).捲回型電極体と、正極の正接触部と正フランジ部と、負極の負接触部と負フランジ部とを収容する容器とを備え、
正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部は、容器を画定する壁を貫通して容器外に露出しており、
正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部が貫通する容器の壁の内面には、正極の正フランジ部と負極の負フランジ部とを受入れる窪みが形成されていることを特徴とする蓄電素子。(a) .A wound electrode body in which the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound via a separator,
(b) .A positive contact portion in contact with the positive electrode sheet at one end of the wound electrode body, a positive terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and the positive contact portion. A positive electrode having a positive flange portion between the positive terminal portions and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body;
(c) .A negative contact portion in contact with the negative electrode sheet at the other end of the wound electrode body, a negative terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and the negative contact portion. A negative electrode having a negative flange portion extending between the negative terminal portions and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body;
(d) .Wound type electrode body, comprising a container for accommodating the positive contact portion and the positive flange portion of the positive electrode, and the negative contact portion and the negative flange portion of the negative electrode,
The positive terminal portion of the positive electrode and the negative terminal portion of the negative electrode are exposed outside the container through the wall defining the container,
A power storage element characterized in that a recess for receiving a positive flange portion of a positive electrode and a negative flange portion of a negative electrode is formed on an inner surface of a wall of a container through which a positive terminal portion of a positive electrode and a negative terminal portion of a negative electrode pass. (a).正極シートと負極シートがセパレータを介して捲回されている捲回型電極体と、
(b).捲回型電極体の一方の端部で正極シートに接する正接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる正端子部と、該正接触部と該正端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている正フランジ部とを有する正極と、
(c).捲回型電極体の他方の端部で負極シートに接する負接触部と、捲回型電極体の捲回軸にほぼ直交する方向に延びる負端子部と、該負接触部と該該負端子部の間にあって捲回型電極体の外周に沿って延びている負フランジ部とを有する負極と、
(d).捲回型電極体と、正極の正接触部と正フランジ部と、負極の負接触部と負フランジ部とを収容する容器とを備え、
正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部は、容器を画定する壁を貫通して容器外に露出しており、
正極の正端子部と負極の負端子部が貫通する容器の壁と、捲回型電極体との間には、正極の正フランジ部と負極の負フランジ部とを受入れる窪みが形成された絶縁部材が配置されていることを特徴とする蓄電素子。(a) .A wound electrode body in which the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound via a separator,
(b) .A positive contact portion in contact with the positive electrode sheet at one end of the wound electrode body, a positive terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and the positive contact portion. A positive electrode having a positive flange portion between the positive terminal portions and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body;
(c) .A negative contact portion in contact with the negative electrode sheet at the other end of the wound electrode body, a negative terminal portion extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to a winding axis of the wound electrode body, and the negative contact portion. A negative electrode having a negative flange portion extending between the negative terminal portions and extending along the outer periphery of the wound electrode body;
(d) .Wound type electrode body, comprising a container for accommodating the positive contact portion and the positive flange portion of the positive electrode, and the negative contact portion and the negative flange portion of the negative electrode,
The positive terminal portion of the positive electrode and the negative terminal portion of the negative electrode are exposed outside the container through the wall defining the container,
A hollow for receiving the positive flange portion of the positive electrode and the negative flange portion of the negative electrode is formed between the wall of the container through which the positive terminal portion of the positive electrode and the negative terminal portion of the negative electrode penetrate, and the wound electrode body. A power storage element, wherein a member is disposed. 前記窪みの深さが、正極の正フランジ部および負極の負フランジ部の厚さにほぼ等しいことを特徴とする請求項３または４に記載の蓄電素子。The power storage device according to claim 3, wherein a depth of the depression is substantially equal to a thickness of a positive flange of the positive electrode and a thickness of a negative flange of the negative electrode. 前記窪みに収容された正負のフランジ部の内面と、前記窪み以外での容器内面とがほぼ同一面上にある請求項３，４または５に記載の蓄電素子。6. The electric storage device according to claim 3, wherein the inner surfaces of the positive and negative flange portions accommodated in the depression and the inner surface of the container other than the depression are substantially on the same plane.
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