JP2004180491A - Permanent magnet type dynamo-electric machine and apparatus - Google Patents

Permanent magnet type dynamo-electric machine and apparatus Download PDF

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JP2004180491A
JP2004180491A JP2003349579A JP2003349579A JP2004180491A JP 2004180491 A JP2004180491 A JP 2004180491A JP 2003349579 A JP2003349579 A JP 2003349579A JP 2003349579 A JP2003349579 A JP 2003349579A JP 2004180491 A JP2004180491 A JP 2004180491A
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angle
rotor
permanent magnet
electric machine
stator
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Shinichi Yamaguchi
信一 山口
Haruyuki Yonetani
晴之 米谷
Tomohiro Kikuchi
友弘 菊池
Takashi Miyazaki
高志 宮崎
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permanent magnet type dynamo-electric machine and apparatus, capable of reducing the cogging torque more efficiently than the case, in which the theoretical angle is adopted for a stepped skew angle, and is also capable of reducing torque ripples. <P>SOLUTION: The permanent magnet type dynamo-electric machine and apparatus includes a rotor 30 provided with four tiers of permanent magnets 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d in the axial direction on the circumferential surfaces of a rotor core 31, and a stator having a stator winding that generates a magnetic field which causes the rotor 30 to rotate in the inner perimeter of the stator core. Between the permanent magnets 32a and 32b, and between 32c and 32d, there are provided stepped skew angles θ<SB>e1</SB>(electrical angles), with the lower limit values being set to not smaller than 30° and with upper limit values being set equal to 52°. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

この発明は、電動モータ等の永久磁石式回転電機に関し、特に、コギングトルクの低減を図るようにした永久磁石式回転電機に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine such as an electric motor, and more particularly to a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine designed to reduce cogging torque.

永久磁石式回転電機の一般的な構成においては、固定子の中に回転子が配置されている。固定子は、円筒形状をなす固定子鉄心の内周に複数個の固定子巻線を設けて複数個の磁極を形成している。回転子は、固定子の中心を回転軸心として回転できるように回転子鉄心が配設され、回転子鉄心の表面、あるいは内部に永久磁石が設けられ、永久磁石はＮ極とＳ極が交互に並ぶように配置されている。この回転電機では、固定子巻線に適宜通電し、回転磁界を形成することにより、回転子が回転軸心回りに回転する。   In a general configuration of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, a rotor is arranged in a stator. The stator has a plurality of stator windings provided on the inner periphery of a cylindrical stator core to form a plurality of magnetic poles. The rotor is provided with a rotor core so that it can rotate around the center of the stator as a rotation axis, and a permanent magnet is provided on or inside the rotor core, and the permanent magnet has an N pole and an S pole alternately. It is arranged so that it may line up. In this rotating electric machine, the rotor is rotated around the rotation axis by appropriately supplying a current to the stator winding and forming a rotating magnetic field.

上述のような永久磁石式回転電機にあっては、コギングトルクと称される回転トルク変動が発生する。コギングトルクは、振動や騒音を発生するばかりでなく、回転電機の制御性能を低下させる要因となる。   In the above-described permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, a rotating torque fluctuation called cogging torque occurs. The cogging torque not only generates vibration and noise, but also reduces control performance of the rotating electric machine.

従来、コギングトルクを低減するために、永久磁石を回転子鉄心の軸方向に複数段配列し、回転子鉄心の円周方向にずらすことによって、スキューの効果をもたらす工夫がなされており、複数個の永久磁石が回転子鉄心の軸方向の位置によって周方向の位置がずれるように、すなわち、スキュー角θｍの角度（以下、段スキュー角という）で固定子鉄心表面にならぶようにしている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, in order to reduce the cogging torque, permanent magnets are arranged in multiple stages in the axial direction of the rotor core, and shifted in the circumferential direction of the rotor core, thereby devising a skew effect. the permanent magnet as the circumferential direction of the position shifts by the axial position of the rotor core, namely, the angle of skew angle theta m (hereinafter, stage referred skew angle) so that arranged in the stator core surface ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

段スキュー角θｍ（機械角）は、理論的に求められる角度（以下、理論角という）を用いている。コギングトルクが最小となる理論角（機械角）は、（３６０／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／軸方向永久磁石の段数によって決定される（例えば、特許文献２参照）。 As the step skew angle θ m (mechanical angle), an angle theoretically obtained (hereinafter, referred to as a theoretical angle) is used. The theoretical angle (mechanical angle) at which the cogging torque is minimized is determined by (360 / the least common multiple of the number of stator magnetic poles and the number of rotor magnetic poles) / the number of stages of axial permanent magnets (for example, see Patent Document 2).

例えば、回転電機の固定子磁極数が１２、回転子磁極数が８、永久磁石の段数が４であり上側２段間及び下側２段間の各々の部分にてコギングトルクを低減する場合には、各々の段スキュー角θｍは７．５゜（＝３６０／２４／２，電気角θｅでは３０゜（電気角度＝機械角度×極数／２の関係式より算出される））となる。 For example, when the number of stator magnetic poles of the rotating electric machine is 12, the number of rotor magnetic poles is 8, and the number of permanent magnet stages is 4, and the cogging torque is reduced between the upper two stages and the lower two stages, respectively. It is, each of the row-to-row skew angle theta m 7.5 ° and (= 360/24/2, an electrical angle theta e in 30 ° (electrical angle = calculated from the equation machine angle × poles / 2)) Become.

しかしながら、段スキュー角θｍを上記のように理論的に決定し、実際の回転電機に適用した場合、コギングトルクの低減はまだ不十分であると考えられる。その理由は、段スキューを採用したことによって軸方向漏洩磁束が発生するが、この漏洩磁束による磁気飽和の影響が考慮されていないからである。コギングトルクの原因となる漏洩磁束は、永久磁石の段部、回転子鉄心内部での漏洩磁束等もあるが、固定子鉄心内部における漏洩磁束がコギングトルクの主たる原因となっている。 However, when the step skew angle θ m is theoretically determined as described above and applied to an actual rotating electric machine, it is considered that the reduction of the cogging torque is still insufficient. The reason is that the adoption of the step skew causes an axial leakage magnetic flux, but does not take into account the effect of magnetic saturation due to the leakage magnetic flux. Leakage magnetic flux that causes cogging torque includes a stepped portion of a permanent magnet, leakage magnetic flux inside a rotor core, and the like, but leakage magnetic flux inside a stator iron core is a main cause of cogging torque.

実開昭６１−１７８７６号公報（第４−第６頁、第１−第６図）Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 61-17876 (pages 4 to 6, FIG. 1 to FIG. 6) 特開２０００−３０８２８６号公報（第３−第４頁、図２、図３）JP-A-2000-308286 (pages 3 to 4, FIGS. 2 and 3)

上述のように、従来の段スキューを採用した回転電機では、段スキュー角度に理論角を採用しているために、コギングトルクを十分に低減できていないという問題があった。   As described above, the conventional rotary electric machine employing the step skew has a problem that the cogging torque cannot be sufficiently reduced because the theoretical angle is adopted as the step skew angle.

この発明は、上記のような問題を解決するものであり、段スキュー角度に理論角を採用した場合よりもコギングトルクを効率よく低減し、併せてトルクリップルをも低減することができる永久磁石式回転電機を提供するものである。   The present invention solves the above-described problem, and a permanent magnet type that can reduce cogging torque more efficiently than when a theoretical angle is adopted as a step skew angle and can also reduce torque ripple. It is intended to provide a rotating electric machine.

この発明に係る永久磁石式回転電機は、回転子鉄心の外周面に軸方向に４段の永久磁石を設け、上記永久磁石の上側２段及び下側２段それぞれの段の間に上記回転子鉄心の周方向に段スキュー角θｅ１（電気角）を設け、上記上側２段と下側２段との間に段スキュー角θｅ２（電気角）を設けた回転子と、該回転子を内部に配置し、該回転子を回転させる回転磁界を発生する固定子巻線を設けた円筒形状の固定子鉄心を有する固定子とを備え、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を、下記式（１）で求められる理論角θｓ（電気角）より大きな値とし、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を、上記理論角θｓの約１．７倍としたものである。
（１８０×回転子磁極数／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／２ （電気角度）
…（１） In the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the present invention, four stages of permanent magnets are provided in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, and the rotor is provided between the upper two stages and the lower two stages of the permanent magnet. the stage skew angle theta e1 (electrical angle) in the circumferential direction of the core is provided, a rotor having a row-to-row skew angle theta e2 (electrical angle) between the upper two and the lower two, the rotor A stator having a cylindrical stator core provided with a stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field that rotates the rotor,
The lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to a value larger than the theoretical angle θ s (electrical angle) obtained by the following equation (1).
The upper limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is about 1.7 times the theoretical angle θ s .
(180 x number of rotor poles / smallest multiple of stator pole number and rotor pole number) / 2 (electrical angle)
… (1)

また、回転子鉄心の外周面に軸方向に４段の永久磁石を設け、上記永久磁石の上側２段及び下側２段それぞれの段の間に上記回転子鉄心の周方向に段スキュー角θｅ２（電気角）を設け、上記上側２段と下側２段との間に段スキュー角θｅ１（電気角）を設けた回転子と、該回転子を内部に配置し、該回転子を回転させる回転磁界を発生する固定子巻線を設けた円筒形状の固定子鉄心を有する固定子とを備え、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を、下記式（２）で求められる理論角θｓ（電気角）より大きな値とし、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を上記理論角θｓの約１．２倍以下とした、
ことを特徴とする永久磁石式回転電機。
（１８０×回転子磁極数／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／２ （電気角度）
…（２） Further, four permanent magnets are provided in the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core in the axial direction, and a step skew angle θ in the circumferential direction of the rotor core is provided between the upper two stages and the lower two stages of the permanent magnet. e2 (electrical angle), a rotor having a step skew angle θ e1 (electrical angle) between the upper two stages and the lower two stages, and the rotor is disposed inside. A stator having a cylindrical stator core provided with a stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field to rotate,
The lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to a value larger than the theoretical angle θ s (electrical angle) obtained by the following equation (2).
The upper limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to about 1.2 times or less of the theoretical angle θ s ,
A permanent magnet type rotating electric machine characterized by the above-mentioned.
(180 x number of rotor poles / smallest multiple of stator pole number and rotor pole number) / 2 (electrical angle)
… (2)

上記発明に係る永久磁石式回転電機の構成によれば、段スキュー角θｅ１を理論角θｓとした場合よりも低く、またはそれ以下にコギングトルク基本波成分を低減し、かつ、トルクリップルを低減することができる。 According to the configuration of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the above invention, the cogging torque fundamental component is reduced to a value lower than or less than the case where the step skew angle θ e1 is set to the theoretical angle θ s , and the torque ripple is reduced. Can be reduced.

以下に、図面に基づき、この発明に係る永久磁石式回転電機の好適な実施の形態を詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

実施の形態１．
図１、図２及び図３は、この発明の実施の形態１を示す斜視図及び断面図である。図１に示したように、回転子３０は、回転子鉄心３１外周面に上側の永久磁石３２ａ及び永久磁石３２ｂと下側の永久磁石３２ｃ及び永久磁石３２ｄが貼り付けられ、上側２段及び下側２段それぞれの段スキュー角と上側２段と下側２段との間の段スキュー角を考慮した４段構造になっており、各段は、Ｎ極とＳ極が交互に並ぶように配置されている。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
1, 2 and 3 are a perspective view and a sectional view, respectively, showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 30 has an upper permanent magnet 32 a and a lower permanent magnet 32 d and a lower permanent magnet 32 c and a lower permanent magnet 32 d attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 31, and the upper two stages and the lower It has a four-stage structure in consideration of the skew angle of each of the two stages and the skew angle between the upper two stages and the lower two stages. In each stage, the N pole and the S pole are arranged alternately. Are located.

図２に示したように、上側の永久磁石３２ａと永久磁石３２ｂとの間及び下側の永久磁石３２ｃと永久磁石３２ｄとの間はそれぞれ、円周方向にずらして段スキュー角θｅ１（電気角）を設け、上側の永久磁石３２ａ及び永久磁石３２ｂと下側の永久磁石３２ｃ及び永久磁石３２ｄとの間は、円周方向にずらして段スキュー角θｅ２（電気角）を設けている。段スキュー角θｅ１（電気角度）は、（１８０×回転子磁極数／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／軸方向永久磁石の段数（この場合、上側２段間と下側２段間の各々の部分にてコギングトルクを低減するため、軸方向永久磁石の段数は２となる）の式で求められる理論角θｓよりも大きく、理論角θｓの約１．７倍以下の範囲としている。また、段スキュー角θｅ２は理論角θｓの１／２としている。前述のように、段スキュー角θｅ１を機械角で表わした式は、電気角度＝機械角度×局数／２の関係式より、（３６０／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／軸方向永久磁石の段数である。 As shown in FIG. 2, the step skew angle θ e1 (electricity) is shifted in the circumferential direction between the upper permanent magnet 32a and the permanent magnet 32b and between the lower permanent magnet 32c and the permanent magnet 32d. A step skew angle θ e2 (electric angle) is provided between the upper permanent magnets 32a and 32b and the lower permanent magnets 32c and 32d in the circumferential direction. The step skew angle θ e1 (electrical angle) is (180 × number of rotor poles / minimum common multiple of stator pole number and rotor pole number) / number of axial permanent magnets (in this case, between the upper two steps and the lower side). to reduce the cogging torque at each portion between the two stages, the number of stages of axial permanent magnet is greater than the theoretical angle theta s obtained by the equation of a 2), about 1.7 times the theoretical angle theta s The range is as follows. The step skew angle θ e2 is set to の of the theoretical angle θ s . As described above, the equation expressing the step skew angle θ e1 as a mechanical angle is obtained from the relational expression of electrical angle = mechanical angle × number of stations / 2 (360 / the least common multiple of the number of stator magnetic poles and the number of rotor magnetic poles). / The number of stages of the permanent magnet in the axial direction.

固定子２０は、図３に示したように、円筒形状をなす固定子鉄心２１の内周に複数個の固定子巻線２２を設けて複数個の磁極を形成している。回転子３０は、固定子２０の中心を回転軸心として回転できるように回転子鉄心３１が配設され、固定子巻線２２に適宜通電し、回転磁界を形成することにより、回転子３０が回転軸心回りに回転する。   As shown in FIG. 3, the stator 20 has a plurality of stator windings 22 provided on the inner periphery of a cylindrical stator core 21 to form a plurality of magnetic poles. The rotor 30 is provided with a rotor core 31 so that the rotor 30 can rotate around the center of the stator 20 as a rotation axis. The rotor 30 is appropriately energized to the stator winding 22 to form a rotating magnetic field. It rotates around the rotation axis.

図１、図２及び図３においては、回転子磁極数が８、固定子磁極数が１２、永久磁石段数が２段（上側２段、下側２段）であるので、段スキュー角θｅ１を、３０゜（理論角θｓ）よりも大きく、約５２゜（理論角θｓの約１．７倍）以下の範囲としている。また、段スキュー角θｅ２は、１５゜（理論角θｓの１／２）としている。 1, 2 and 3, the number of rotor magnetic poles is 8, the number of stator magnetic poles is 12, and the number of permanent magnet stages is 2 (upper 2 stages, lower 2 stages), so that the step skew angle θ e1 Is larger than 30 ° (theoretical angle θ s ) and about 52 ° (about 1.7 times the theoretical angle θ s ) or less. The step skew angle θ e2 is set to 15 ° (１ ／ of the theoretical angle θ s ).

段スキュー角θｅ１は、理論角θｓよりも大きく、理論角θｓの約１．７倍以下の範囲とすることによって、段スキュー角θｅ１を理論角θｓとした場合よりも効率的にコギングトルクの基本波成分（６ｆ成分）を低減することができ、併せてトルクリップルも低減することができる。 Row skew angle theta e1 is greater than the theoretical angle theta s, by about 1.7 times or less of the range of the theoretical angle theta s, more efficient than the row-to-row skew angle theta e1 and the theoretical angle theta s In addition, the fundamental component (6f component) of the cogging torque can be reduced, and the torque ripple can also be reduced.

また、段スキュー角θｅ２を理論角θｓの１／２とすることによって、コギングトルクの第２次高調波成分を低減することができる。 Further, by setting the step skew angle θ e2 to 理論 of the theoretical angle θ s , the second harmonic component of the cogging torque can be reduced.

以下、コギングトルク及びトルクリップルと段スキュー角θｅ１、θｅ２との関係を説明し、この実施の形態において、コギングトルク及びトルクリップルを低減することができることを示す。 Hereinafter, the relationship between the cogging torque and the torque ripple and the step skew angles θ e1 and θ e2 will be described, and it is shown that the cogging torque and the torque ripple can be reduced in this embodiment.

図４及び図５は、回転子及び回転電機（回転子磁極数が８、固定子磁極数が１２、永久磁石段数が２）について、３次元磁界解析を実施した結果を示すものである。   4 and 5 show the results of three-dimensional magnetic field analysis performed on a rotor and a rotating electric machine (the number of rotor magnetic poles is 8, the number of stator magnetic poles is 12, and the number of permanent magnet stages is 2).

図４は、コギングトルク基本波成分に関する結果、図５は、コギングトルク第２次高調波に関する結果であり、それぞれ、段スキューなしの場合のコギングトルクに対する段スキューを施した場合のコギングトルクの比であるコギングトルク比と段スキュー角（電気角）θｅ１との関係を、固定子鉄心２０の磁気特性が理想的な場合（磁気特性Ａ）、加工工作の過程で磁気特性が劣化している場合（磁気特性Ｂ）、加工工作によってさらに磁気特性が劣化した場合（磁気特性Ｃ）について示している。 FIG. 4 shows the result regarding the cogging torque fundamental component, and FIG. 5 shows the result regarding the cogging torque second harmonic. The ratio of the cogging torque when the stage skew is applied to the cogging torque without the stage skew, respectively. The relationship between the cogging torque ratio and the step skew angle (electrical angle) θ e1 is determined when the magnetic characteristics of the stator core 20 are ideal (magnetic characteristics A). The case (magnetic characteristic B) and the case where the magnetic characteristic is further deteriorated by the machining (magnetic characteristic C) are shown.

図６は、解析に使用した固定子鉄心２０の磁気特性Ａ、Ｂ及びＣ（ＢＨ特性の関係）を示している。同図における磁束密度比は、磁気特性Ａの材料の飽和磁束密度を基準値として、この基準値との比を表している。磁気特性Ａはカタログ値相当の磁気特性であり、加工の影響がない場合を示しており、磁気特性Ｂは実機状態に相当し、磁化力Ｈ＝１０００Ａ／ｍ近辺における磁束密度比が磁気特性Ａと比較して２０％程度低下した特性のものであり、また、磁気特性Ｃは磁化力Ｈ＝１０００Ａ／ｍ近辺における磁束密度比が磁気特性Ａと比較して４０％程度低下した特性のものである。   FIG. 6 shows the magnetic characteristics A, B and C (relationship between BH characteristics) of the stator core 20 used for the analysis. The magnetic flux density ratio in the figure represents the ratio with the reference value with the saturation magnetic flux density of the material having the magnetic characteristic A as a reference value. The magnetic characteristic A is a magnetic characteristic equivalent to a catalog value, and shows a case where there is no influence of processing. The magnetic characteristic B corresponds to the actual machine state, and the magnetic flux density ratio near the magnetizing force H = 1000 A / m is the magnetic characteristic A. The magnetic characteristic C is a characteristic in which the magnetic flux density ratio at a magnetizing force H around 1000 A / m is reduced by approximately 40% as compared with the magnetic characteristic A. is there.

図４から、コギングトルク基本波成分については、固定子鉄心の磁気特性が磁気特性Ａから順次、磁気特性Ｂ、磁気特性Ｃと劣化するに伴い、コギングトルク比が最小となる段スキュー角θｅ１が大きくなっていることが分かる（これは、前述のように、段スキューを採用した場合、固定子鉄心内部に軸方向漏洩磁束が発生するためである）。すなわち、固定子鉄心の磁気特性が劣化するに伴い、コギングトルクが最小となる段スキュー角θｅ１は理論角３０゜よりも大きくなっている。従って、磁気特性Ｂにおいては、段スキュー角θｅ１を理論角３０゜とした場合、（１）の点におけるコギングトルク比（約０．１８）になるのに対して、理論角３０゜を越え、（１）の点におけるコギングトルク比（０．１８）以下となる段スキュー角θｅ１の最大値（（２）の点における段スキュー角θｅ１（約３７゜））以下とすることによって、コギングトルクの基本波成分を理論角３０゜とした場合よりも低く、またはそれ以下に低減することができる。また、磁気特性Ｃにおいても同様に、（３）の点におけるコギングトルク比（約０．２３）以下となる段スキュー角θｅ１の最大値（（４）の点における段スキュー角θｅ１＝約４３゜）以下とすることによって、コギングトルクの基本波成分を理論角３０゜とした場合よりも低く、またはそれ以下に低減することができる。 From FIG. 4, as for the cogging torque fundamental wave component, the step skew angle θ e1 at which the cogging torque ratio is minimized as the magnetic characteristics of the stator core degrade from the magnetic characteristics A to the magnetic characteristics B and C sequentially. (This is because, as described above, when step skew is employed, an axial leakage magnetic flux is generated inside the stator core). That is, as the magnetic characteristics of the stator core deteriorate, the step skew angle θ e1 at which the cogging torque is minimized is larger than the theoretical angle of 30 °. Accordingly, in the magnetic characteristics B, when the step skew angle θ e1 is set to the theoretical angle of 30 °, the cogging torque ratio at the point (1) (about 0.18) is obtained, but the theoretical angle exceeds the theoretical angle of 30 °. , The cogging torque ratio (0.18) at the point (1) or less, the step skew angle θ e1 at the point (2) (the step skew angle θ e1 (about 37 °)) or less, The fundamental wave component of the cogging torque can be reduced to less than or less than the case where the theoretical angle is 30 °. Similarly, in the magnetic properties C, (3) the cogging torque ratio at a point (about 0.23) or less become the maximum value of the row-to-row skew angle theta e1 ((4) stage skew angle theta e1 = approximately at the point of 43 °) or less, the fundamental wave component of the cogging torque can be reduced to less than or less than the case where the theoretical angle is 30 °.

また、図５から、コギングトルク第２次高調波成分に関しては、段スキュー角θｅ２が理論角θｓの１／２または３／２（電気角１５゜、電気角４５゜）である時に、コギングトルク比が最小となることが分かる。これは、コギングトルク第２次高調波成分は、軸方向漏洩磁束の影響（磁気飽和の影響）を受けにくいことによるものであり、コギングトルク第２次高調波成分の低減には段スキュー角θｅ２を理論角θｓの１／２または３／２とするのがよいと考えられる。 Also, from FIG. 5, regarding the second harmonic component of the cogging torque, when the step skew angle θ e2 is ま た は or 3/2 of the theoretical angle θ s (electrical angle 15 °, electrical angle 45 °), It can be seen that the cogging torque ratio is minimized. This is because the second harmonic component of the cogging torque is hardly affected by the axial leakage magnetic flux (the effect of magnetic saturation), and the step skew angle θ is required to reduce the second harmonic component of the cogging torque. the e2 is to 1/2 or 3/2 of the theoretical angle θ s is considered good.

一方、通電時のトルクリップルと段スキュー角との関係は、一般に、スキュー係数と称される巻線係数を用いて検討する。回転電機における第ν次高調波成分に対するスキュー係数κｓｖは次式（３）で与えられる。但し、γはスキュー角である。 On the other hand, the relationship between the torque ripple and the step skew angle during energization is generally examined using a winding coefficient called a skew coefficient. The skew coefficient κ sv for the νth harmonic component in the rotating electric machine is given by the following equation (3). Here, γ is a skew angle.

κｓｖ＝ｓｉｎ（νγ／２）／（νγ／２） …（３） κ sv = sin (νγ / 2) / (νγ / 2) (3)

ここで、段スキュー角をγｄとすると、γｄ＝γ／２であるから、段スキューを採用した場合のスキュー係数κｄｓｖは次式（４）で与えられる。 Here, assuming that the step skew angle is γ d , γ d = γ / 2, so that the skew coefficient κ dsv when the step skew is adopted is given by the following equation (4).

κｄｓｖ＝ｓｉｎ（νγｄ）／（νγｄ） …（４） κ dsv = sin (νγ d ) / (νγ d ) (4)

また、永久磁石式回転電機のトルクリップルは、電源周波数の６倍の成分（以下６ｆ成分という）が支配的となる。一般に、トルクリップル６ｆ成分は５次及び７次の高調波成分に起因して発生する。   In the torque ripple of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, a component that is six times the power supply frequency (hereinafter referred to as a 6f component) is dominant. Generally, the torque ripple 6f component is generated due to the fifth and seventh harmonic components.

図７は、上記式（３）より算出される段スキュー角γｄに対する５次及び７次のスキュー係数を示す図である。トルクリップル６ｆ成分に対する５次及び７次高調波成分の影響度合は、近似的に次数の２乗の逆数に関係すると考えられ、５次成分の影響度合は１／５２＝０．０４、７次成分の影響度合は１／７２＝０．０２と考えられる。 Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a fifth-order and seventh-order skew coefficient for stage skew angle gamma d calculated from the above equation (3). The degree of influence of the fifth and seventh harmonic components on the torque ripple 6f component is considered to be approximately related to the reciprocal of the square of the order, and the degree of influence of the fifth order component is 1/5 2 = 0.04, 7 The degree of influence of the next component is considered to be 1/7 2 = 0.02.

図８は、図７のスキュー係数と５次及び７次成分のトルクリップル６ｆ成分に関する影響度合を考慮した段スキュー角に対するトルクリップル６ｆ成分係数を示す図である。同図より、トルクリップル６ｆ成分係数は、段スキュー角γｄが３０゜を越えると、３０゜におけるトルクリップル６ｆ成分係数より小さな値になる。従って、段スキュー角γｄを、コギングトルク基本波成分に対する理論角θｓである３０゜以上とすることによって、トルクリップル６ｆ成分を低減することができると考えられる。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the torque skew 6f component coefficient with respect to the step skew angle in consideration of the skew coefficient of FIG. 7 and the degree of influence on the torque ripple 6f component of the fifth and seventh order components. As shown in the figure, when the step skew angle γ d exceeds 30 °, the torque ripple 6f component coefficient becomes smaller than the torque ripple 6f component coefficient at 30 °. Therefore, it is considered that the torque ripple 6f component can be reduced by setting the step skew angle γ d to 30 ° or more, which is the theoretical angle θ s with respect to the cogging torque fundamental wave component.

以上は、上側２段または下側２段の構造について、３次元磁界解析を行った結果を示している。段スキュー角θｅ２は、磁気飽和の影響がないので、理論角θｓの１／２または３／２とすればよい。しかし、段スキュー角θｅ１は、磁気飽和の影響があり、この実施の形態においては、上側２段と下側２段の４段構造になっているので、磁気飽和の影響度合が上記３次元磁界解析とは異なることが考えられる。 The above shows the results of performing a three-dimensional magnetic field analysis on the structure of the upper two stages or the lower two stages. Since the step skew angle θ e2 is not affected by magnetic saturation, it may be set to １ ／ or 3/2 of the theoretical angle θ s . However, the step skew angle θ e1 is affected by magnetic saturation, and in this embodiment, the upper skew angle θ e1 has a four-stage structure of two upper steps and two lower steps. It may be different from the magnetic field analysis.

図９は、上側２段と下側２段の４段構造について、段スキュー角θｅ１を変化させた場合のコギングトルク基本波成分を、実機によって実測した結果を示す図であり、段スキュー角θｅ１に対するコギングトルク比（段スキュー角θｅ１＝０のコギングトルクを基準とした）を示している。なお、実機は、回転子磁極数を８、固定子磁極数を１２としている。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of actually measuring the cogging torque fundamental wave component when the stage skew angle θ e1 is changed for a four-stage structure of two upper stages and two lower stages by an actual machine. The cogging torque ratio with respect to θ e1 (based on the cogging torque at the stage skew angle θ e1 = 0) is shown. The actual machine has eight rotor magnetic poles and twelve stator magnetic poles.

図９に示されているように、段スキュー角θｅ１が理論角３０゜の時のコギングトルク比は０．２８である。コギングトルク比を０．２８より小さく、あるいは０．２８以下とするためには、段スキュー角θｅ１を３０゜より大きく、約５２゜（理論角３０゜の約１．７倍）以下とすればよい。すなわち、段スキュー角θｅ１を理論角θｓよりも大きく、理論角θｓの約１．７倍以下とすればよいと推察される。 As shown in FIG. 9, when the step skew angle θ e1 is the theoretical angle of 30 °, the cogging torque ratio is 0.28. In order to make the cogging torque ratio smaller than 0.28 or smaller than 0.28, the step skew angle θ e1 is larger than 30 ° and is smaller than about 52 ° (about 1.7 times the theoretical angle of 30 °). Just fine. That is, greater than the theoretical angle theta s a stage skew angle theta e1, is inferred that it may be more than about 1.7 times the theoretical angle theta s.

また、コギングトルク比を０．２８の１／２程度としたい場合には、段スキュー角θｅ１を３６゜以上、４４゜以下、すなわち、理論角θｓの約１．２倍以上、約１．４７倍以下とすればよいことが分かる。 When the cogging torque ratio is desired to be about 1/2 of 0.28, the step skew angle θ e1 is 36 ° or more and 44 ° or less, that is, about 1.2 times or more of the theoretical angle θ s and about 1 It can be seen that it is sufficient to set it to .47 or less.

実施の形態２．
上記実施の形態１では、上側２段の永久磁石及び下側２段の永久磁石それぞれに、段スキュー角θｅ１を設けてコギングトルクの基本波成分及びトルクリップルを低減し、上側２段の永久磁石と下側２段の永久磁石との間に段スキュー角θｅ２を設けてコギングトルクの第２次高調波成分を低減するようにした。 Embodiment 2 FIG.
In the first embodiment, a step skew angle θ e1 is provided for each of the upper two-stage permanent magnets and the lower two-stage permanent magnets to reduce the fundamental wave component of cogging torque and the torque ripple. A step skew angle θe2 is provided between the magnet and the lower two-stage permanent magnet to reduce the second harmonic component of the cogging torque.

この実施の形態では、上側２段の永久磁石及び下側２段の永久磁石それぞれに、段スキュー角θｅ２を設けてコギングトルクの第２次高調波成分を低減し、上側２段の永久磁石と下側２段の永久磁石との間に段スキュー角θｅ１を設けてコギングトルクの基本波成分及びトルクリップルを低減するものである。 In this embodiment, a step skew angle θ e2 is provided for each of the upper two-stage permanent magnet and the lower two-stage permanent magnet to reduce the second harmonic component of the cogging torque. A step skew angle θ e1 is provided between the lower permanent magnet and the lower two permanent magnets to reduce the fundamental wave component of cogging torque and the torque ripple.

図１０は、上側２段の永久磁石及び下側２段の永久磁石それぞれに、段スキュー角θｅ２を設け、上側２段の永久磁石と下側２段の永久磁石との間に段スキュー角θｅ１を設けた場合の段スキュー角θｅ１とコギングトルク基本は成分のコギングトルク比との関係を実機で実測した結果を示す図である。なお、実機は、回転子磁極数を８、固定子磁極数を１２としている。 FIG. 10 shows that a step skew angle θ e2 is provided for each of the upper two-stage permanent magnet and the lower two-stage permanent magnet, and the step skew angle is set between the upper two-stage permanent magnet and the lower two-stage permanent magnet. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of actual measurement of the relationship between the step skew angle θ e1 and the cogging torque basic component cogging torque ratio in the case where θ e1 is provided. The actual machine has eight rotor magnetic poles and twelve stator magnetic poles.

図１０に示されているように、段スキュー角θｅ１が理論角３０゜の時のコギングトルク比は０．１５である。コギングトルク比を０．１５より小さく、あるいは０．１５以下とするためには、段スキュー角θｅ１を３０゜より大きく、約３５゜（理論角３０゜の約１．２倍）以下とすればよい。すなわち、段スキュー角θｅ１を理論角θｓよりも大きく、理論角θｓの約１．２倍以下とすればよいと推察される。 As shown in FIG. 10, when the step skew angle θ e1 is the theoretical angle of 30 °, the cogging torque ratio is 0.15. In order to make the cogging torque ratio smaller than 0.15 or smaller than 0.15, the step skew angle θ e1 is larger than 30 ° and is smaller than about 35 ° (about 1.2 times the theoretical angle of 30 °). Just fine. That is, greater than the theoretical angle theta s a stage skew angle theta e1, is inferred that it may be more than about 1.2 times the theoretical angle theta s.

この発明に係る永久磁石式回転電機の実施の形態１を示す斜視図である。1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the present invention. この発明に係る永久磁石式回転電機の実施の形態１を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating Embodiment 1 of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the present invention. この発明に係る永久磁石式回転電機の実施の形態１を示す平面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the present invention. 図１〜図３の上側２段の部分または下側２段のみをモデル化（２段）した回転子及び回転電機について、３次元磁界解析を実施して得られたコギングトルク基本波成分の結果を示す図である。Results of cogging torque fundamental wave components obtained by performing a three-dimensional magnetic field analysis on a rotor and a rotating electric machine in which only the upper two stages or the lower two stages of FIGS. 1 to 3 are modeled (two stages). FIG. 図１〜図３の上側２段の部分または下側２段のみをモデル化（２段）した回転子及び回転電機について、３次元磁界解析を実施して得られたコギングトルク高調波成分の結果を示す図である。Results of harmonic components of cogging torque obtained by performing three-dimensional magnetic field analysis on a rotor and a rotating electric machine in which only the upper two stages or only the lower two stages in FIGS. 1 to 3 are modeled (two stages). FIG. ３次元解析に用いた回転子鉄心の磁気特性を示す図である。It is a figure showing the magnetic characteristic of the rotor core used for three-dimensional analysis. 段スキュー角に対する５次及び７次のスキュー係数を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 5th-order and 7th-order skew coefficient with respect to step skew angle. 段スキュー角に対するトルクリップル６ｆ成分係数を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the torque ripple 6f component coefficient with respect to step skew angle. 実施の形態１の永久磁石式回転電機の実機による実測結果を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a result of actual measurement of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment using an actual machine. 実施の形態２の永久磁石式回転電機の実機による実測結果を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an actual measurement result of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment using an actual machine.

符号の説明Explanation of reference numerals

２０ 固定子、２１ 固定子鉄心、２２ 固定子巻線、３０ 回転子、
３１ 回転子鉄心、３２ａ，３２ｂ，３２ｃ，３２ｄ 永久磁石。 20 stator, 21 stator core, 22 stator winding, 30 rotor,
31 rotor core, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d permanent magnet.

Claims (6)

回転子鉄心の外周面に軸方向に４段の永久磁石を設け、上記永久磁石の上側２段及び下側２段それぞれの段の間に上記回転子鉄心の周方向に段スキュー角θｅ１（電気角）を設け、上記上側２段と下側２段との間に段スキュー角θｅ２（電気角）を設けた回転子と、該回転子を内部に配置し、該回転子を回転させる回転磁界を発生する固定子巻線を設けた円筒形状の固定子鉄心を有する固定子とを備え、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を、下記式（１）で求められる理論角θｓ（電気角）より大きな値とし、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を、上記理論角θｓの約１．７倍とした、
ことを特徴とする永久磁石式回転電機。
（１８０×回転子磁極数／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／２ （電気角度）
…（１） Four permanent magnets are provided in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, and a step skew angle θ e1 (in the circumferential direction of the rotor core) between the upper two stages and the lower two stages of the permanent magnet. An electric angle), a rotor provided with a step skew angle θ e2 (electrical angle) between the upper two steps and the lower two steps, and the rotor arranged inside, and the rotor is rotated. A stator having a cylindrical stator core provided with a stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field,
The lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to a value larger than the theoretical angle θ s (electrical angle) obtained by the following equation (1).
The upper limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to about 1.7 times the theoretical angle θ s ,
A permanent magnet type rotating electric machine characterized by the above-mentioned.
(180 x number of rotor poles / smallest multiple of stator pole number and rotor pole number) / 2 (electrical angle)
… (1) 回転子鉄心の外周面に軸方向に４段の永久磁石を設け、上記永久磁石の上側２段及び下側２段それぞれの段の間に上記回転子鉄心の周方向に段スキュー角θｅ２（電気角）を設け、上記上側２段と下側２段との間に段スキュー角θｅ１（電気角）を設けた回転子と、該回転子を内部に配置し、該回転子を回転させる回転磁界を発生する固定子巻線を設けた円筒形状の固定子鉄心を有する固定子とを備え、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を、下記式（２）で求められる理論角θｓ（電気角）より大きな値とし、
上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を上記理論角θｓの約１．２倍以下とした、
ことを特徴とする永久磁石式回転電機。
（１８０×回転子磁極数／固定子磁極数と回転子磁極数の最小公倍数）／２ （電気角度）
…（２） Four permanent magnets are provided in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, and a step skew angle θ e2 (in the circumferential direction of the rotor core) between the upper two stages and the lower two stages of the permanent magnets. An electric angle), a rotor having a step skew angle θ e1 (electrical angle) between the upper two steps and the lower two steps, and the rotor arranged inside, and the rotor is rotated. A stator having a cylindrical stator core provided with a stator winding that generates a rotating magnetic field,
The lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to a value larger than the theoretical angle θ s (electrical angle) obtained by the following equation (2).
The upper limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to about 1.2 times or less of the theoretical angle θ s ,
A permanent magnet type rotating electric machine characterized by the above-mentioned.
(180 x number of rotor poles / smallest multiple of stator pole number and rotor pole number) / 2 (electrical angle)
… (2) 上記回転子の磁極数と上記固定子の磁極数との比が２：３の回転電機であって、上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を理論角３０゜よりも大きな値とし、上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を約５２゜としたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の永久磁石式回転電機。 A rotating electric machine having a ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the rotor to the number of magnetic poles of the stator of 2: 3, wherein a lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to a value larger than a theoretical angle of 30 °; The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein an upper limit value of the angle θe1 is set to about 52 °. 上記回転子の磁極数と上記固定子の磁極数との比が２：３の回転電機であって、上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を約３６゜とし、上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を約４４゜としたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の永久磁石式回転電機。 A rotating electric machine wherein the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the rotor to the number of magnetic poles of the stator is 2: 3, wherein the lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is about 36 ° and the upper limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is 2. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the value is about 44 [deg.]. 上記回転子の磁極数と上記固定子の磁極数との比が２：３の回転電機であって、上記段スキュー角θｅ１の下限値を理論角３０゜よりも大きな値とし、上記段スキュー角θｅ１の上限値を約３５゜としたことを特徴とする請求項２記載の永久磁石式回転電機。 A rotating electric machine having a ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the rotor to the number of magnetic poles of the stator of 2: 3, wherein a lower limit of the step skew angle θ e1 is set to a value larger than a theoretical angle of 30 °; 3. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 2, wherein an upper limit value of the angle [theta] e1 is set to about 35 [deg.]. 上記段スキュー角θｅ２を上記理論角θｓの１／２としたことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の永久磁石式回転電機。 3. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the step skew angle [theta] e2 is set to [1/2] of the theoretical angle [theta] s .
JP2003349579A 2002-11-11 2003-10-08 Permanent magnet type dynamo-electric machine and apparatus Pending JP2004180491A (en)

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