JP2004083934A - Multi-layer sliding part and method for manufacturing it - Google Patents

Multi-layer sliding part and method for manufacturing it Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004083934A
JP2004083934A JP2002242759A JP2002242759A JP2004083934A JP 2004083934 A JP2004083934 A JP 2004083934A JP 2002242759 A JP2002242759 A JP 2002242759A JP 2002242759 A JP2002242759 A JP 2002242759A JP 2004083934 A JP2004083934 A JP 2004083934A
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Prior art keywords
powder
solid lubricant
bearing
plated
volume
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JP3861771B2 (en
Inventor
Itsusaku Satou
佐藤　一策
Kenzo Tadokoro
田所　健三
Hideaki Tanihata
谷端　秀晃
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Senju Metal Industry Co Ltd
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Senju Metal Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002242759A priority Critical patent/JP3861771B2/en
Priority to US10/644,965 priority patent/US7195825B2/en
Priority to EP03292081A priority patent/EP1391620A3/en
Publication of JP2004083934A publication Critical patent/JP2004083934A/en
Priority to US10/919,525 priority patent/US7255933B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/60—Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/02—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing
    • F16C2223/04—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing by sizing, by shaping to final size by small plastic deformation, e.g. by calibrating or coining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/40—Coating surfaces by dipping in molten material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/91—Powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12146—Nonmetal particles in a component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12181—Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12708—Sn-base component
    • Y10T428/12722—Next to Group VIII metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/12917—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12924—Fe-base has 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem that conventional phosphor bronze or high strength brass which does not contain lead is inadequate to a sliding part where high load is applied in an instant, and a bearing which uses Cu-plated solid lubricant does not has a sufficient mechanical strength as the bearing is made by mixing Cu powder, Sn powder and solid lubricant powder, and then compressing a mixture of powder in a die and sintering it. <P>SOLUTION: A multi-layer sliding part is prepared by a process including mixing 100 parts by volume of a Cu-based alloy powder comprising 5-20 mass % of Sn and a remainder of Cu to form a mixed powder with 1-50 parts by volume of a Cu-plated solid lubricant powder uniformly, and pre-sintering the mixed powder to form a sintered mass, the pulverized powder obtained pulverizing the sintered mass is sintered on steel plate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、軸受合金が鋼板に接合されているブッシュや平軸受等のＰｂフリー複層摺動部品および該複層摺動部品の製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
複層摺動部品のブッシュとは、鋼板に軸受合金が張り合わされた複層材を円筒状に形成したものである。ブッシュは機械的強度の高い鋼板を裏金として使用しているため、ボールベアリングやローラーベアリングに比べて高荷重に耐えられるという特長を有している。従って、ブッシュはブルドーザーやパワーシャベル等の建設機械における下転輪のように高荷重がかかる部分や、荷重がかかるとともに高速回転する自動車の動力部の軸受として多く使用されている。
【０００３】
また複層摺動部品の平軸受とは、鋼板を軸受合金が張り合わされた平板状に形成したもので、高荷重下で使用されている摺動部品である。従って、平軸受は、コンプレッサー、油圧機器において高荷重のかかる摺動部分として多く使用されている。
【０００４】
ブッシュや平軸受に用いられていた従来の軸受合金は、鉛青銅、燐青銅、高力黄銅等、Ｃｕ主成分の軸受合金であった。また従来から軸受特性を向上させる目的で、これらの軸受合金に黒鉛粉末や二硫化モリブデンのような固体潤滑材を混合したり、特開昭５５−１３４１０２号公報、同５５−４４１５号公報に提案されているようなＣｕメッキがなされた固体潤滑材を混合したりした複層摺動部品がある。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで鉛青銅の複層摺動部品は、地球環境問題に影響があることからその使用が規制されるようになってきた。つまり鉛青銅からなる複層摺動部品を組み込んだ自動車や建設機械が古くなって解体されたとき、鉄、アルミニューム、銅等の金属は回収されて再使用されるが、複層摺動部品は、軸受合金が鋼板と金属的に接合されていて、これらを分離できないため、埋め立て処分されていた。この埋め立て処分された複層摺動部品に、近時の酸性度の高くなった酸性雨が接触して複層摺動部品から鉛成分を溶出させ、地下水を汚染するようになる。こうして鉛で汚染された地下水を長年にわたって飲用すると、人体や家畜に鉛成分が蓄積されて鉛中毒をおこす恐れがあるとされている。
【０００６】
また燐青銅と高力黄銅は、コンプレッサーや油圧機械に使用する平軸受として機能を十分満足していなかった。なぜならばコンプレッサーや油圧機械では、稼動し始めるときに高荷重がかかることがあるが、燐青銅や高力黄銅ではこの瞬時にかかる高荷重に対応することができず、焼付をおこしてしまうからである。
【０００７】
従来の固体潤滑剤を混合した軸受合金は、高荷重がかかると、衝撃により亀裂が入り、根こそぎ取りさられたり、磨耗して焼き付けをおこしたりすることがあった。またＣｕメッキを施した固体潤滑剤では亀裂や剥離等はおこりにくいが、軸受特性がバラツクという問題があった。特開昭５５−１３４１０２号公報、同５５−４４１５号公報のＣｕメッキ潤滑剤含有の軸受は、圧粉焼結であるため、機械強度が弱く、高荷重のかかる建設機械のブッシュには到底使用できなかった。
【０００８】
本発明は、軸受特性向上に効果のある鉛を含有していないにもかかわらず、鉛青銅軸受と同等以上の軸受け特性を有し、しかも高速・高荷重のかかるコンプレッサーや油圧機械の平軸受にも使用できるばかりでなく、高荷重のかかる建設機械の軸受としても十分に使用できる複層摺動部品を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らが従来の軸受合金の問題点について鋭意研究を行ったところ次のようなことが分かった。燐青銅や高力黄銅が高荷重に対して焼付をおこすのは、潤滑性が悪いためである。つまりこれらの合金には潤滑性を良好にする固体潤滑剤が存在しないことが原因となっている。また固体潤滑剤を添加した従来の軸受が亀裂や剥離をおこすのは、鋼板との接合強度が十分でないからである。即ち、黒鉛や二硫化モリブデン等の固体潤滑剤は軸受合金や鋼板と金属的に接合しないため、この部分の接合強度が弱くなるわけである。
【００１０】
固体潤滑剤含有でも、Ｃｕメッキした固体潤滑剤であれば、Ｃｕメッキが軸受合金や鋼板と金属的に接合するため、Ｃｕメッキしない固体潤滑剤含有の軸受よりも接合強度は強い。しかしながら、このＣｕメッキ含有軸受は、軸受特性にバラツキが生じるという問題があった。これは、Ｃｕメッキ固体潤滑剤とＣｕ粉、Ｓｎ粉等を混合するときに、それぞれの粉末の比重が相違すること、および機械的な攪拌では偏りがあること、等が原因となっている。さらに従来のＣｕメッキ固体潤滑剤含有の軸受は、混合粉を型で圧粉成形して焼結したもの、つまり焼結による粉末同士の結合だけであるため、十分な機械的強度が得られない。
【００１１】
本発明は軸受合金の組織を均一にするとともに、さらに強度を持たせるようにしたものであって、具体的には、Ｓｎが５〜２０質量％、残部ＣｕからなるＣｕ主成分の合金粉末１００体積部に対してＣｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末１〜５０体積部が均一に分散混合しており、しかも該混合粉末が鋼板に焼結しているとともに、Ｃｕ主成分の合金粉末とＣｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末とが金属的に接合している複層摺動部品である。
【００１２】
また本発明の複層摺動部品を得る方法は、（ａ）Ｓｎが５〜２０質量％、残部ＣｕからなるＣｕ主成分の合金粉末１００体積部とＣｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末１〜５０体積部を混合した混合粉を得る混合工程、（ｂ）該混合粉を７５０〜８５０℃の還元雰囲気中で焼結を行って焼結塊を得る仮焼結工程、（ｃ）焼結塊を粉砕装置で３００μｍ以下の粉末に粉砕する粉砕工程、（ｄ）粉砕粉を鋼板上に均一に散布する散布工程、（ｅ）粉砕粉が散布された鋼板を８００〜８８０℃の還元雰囲気中で加熱して粉砕粉同士および粉砕粉と鋼板とを接合して軸受合金面と鋼板からなる複層材を得る焼結工程、（ｆ）前記複層材を押圧して軸受合金面を緻密化する一次押圧工程、（ｇ）軸受合金面が緻密化された複層材を８４０〜８８０℃の還元雰囲気中で加熱する焼鈍工程、（ｈ）焼鈍された複層材を再度押圧して所定の機械的強度の複層摺動部品を得る二次押圧工程、からなっている。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の複層摺動部品は、従来のＣｕメッキ固体潤滑剤含有軸受のようにＣｕ粉末、Ｓｎ粉末の単体金属粉を混合したものではなく、ＣｕとＳｎを完全に合金にした合金粉末を使用し、該合金粉末と鋼板とを接合するものである。本発明では、Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ合金中のＳｎの含有量が５質量％よりも少ないと十分な硬さが得られず、しかるにＳｎの含有量が２０質量％を超えると脆くなる。
【００１４】
本発明の複層摺動部品に用いる固体潤滑剤はＣｕメッキされた黒鉛粉末、二硫化モリブデン粉末、或はこれらの混合物であり、固体潤滑剤の混合割合は、Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ合金粉末１００体積部に対して１〜５０体積部である。この混合割合が１体積部よりも少ないと十分な摩擦特性が得られず、早期に焼付が発生し、５０体積部を超えると、軸受合金の機械的強度が十分に得られなくなる。
【００１５】
本発明の複層摺動部品の製造方法における仮焼結工程での温度が７５０℃よりも低いと粉末同士間の接合強度が十分とならない。しかるに仮焼結温度が８５０℃よりも高くなると固体潤滑剤をメッキしたＣｕがＣｕ−Ｓｎ合金粉中に拡散して消失してしまい、Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ合金粉と固体潤滑剤が接合できなくなって分離してしまう。
【００１６】
この仮焼結で得られた焼結塊をミルのような粉砕装置で粉末状に粉砕する。Ｃｕメッキ固体潤滑剤とＳｎ−Ｃｕ合金粉とは比重が異なり、また機械で攪拌したぐらいではＣｕメッキ固体潤滑剤はＣｕ−Ｓｎ合金粉と均一に混ざらない。しかしながら混合粉を仮焼結してから粉砕すると、固体潤滑剤は全体に均一に存在するようになる。この粉砕粉の粒度は３００μｍ以下にする。該粉末粒度が３００μｍよりも大きいと、軸受の空隙が多くなって軸を保持する特性が弱くなってしまう。本発明に使用して好適な粉砕粉の大きさは、１００μｍ近辺のものである。
【００１７】
粉砕した粉末を鋼板上に散布してから行う焼結の温度が８００℃よりも低いと合金粉末同士および合金粉末と鋼板との接合強度が十分とならず、８８０℃を超えると鉄と銅との金属間化合物が生成して接合強度が低下する。
【００１８】
焼結で得られた複層材を一次押圧するが、これは軸受合金面を緻密化するためである。複層材への押圧力は１５０〜２５０トンが適している。
【００１９】
軸受合金面を緻密化した複層材を８４０℃〜８８０℃で焼鈍を行う。ここにおける焼鈍とは、一次押圧で加工硬化しすぎた複層材を適当な硬度まで下げるとともに、押圧で生じた剥離部分を再焼結して接合強度を上げることにある。焼鈍温度が８４０℃よりも低いと十分な焼鈍が行えず、しかるに８８０℃よりも高いと鋼板の硬度が下がって機械的強度が弱くなってしまう。
【００２０】
そして焼鈍後の複層材に対して二次押圧を行う。ここでの二次押圧は、焼鈍工程で下がりすぎた硬度を所定の硬度に上げて機械的強度を上げ、さらに所定の厚さ近くまで押圧して、その後の機械加工での工程をしやすくすることにある。
【００２１】
【実施例】
本発明の実施例、比較例の軸受合金の組成を表１に示す。
【００２２】
【表１】

Figure 2004083934
【００２３】
次に本発明の複層摺動製品の製造方法について説明する。ここではカーエアコン用コンプレッサーの斜板に使用する平軸受の製造方法について説明する。斜板は表裏に軸受面を形成するため、片面に一次散布・焼結を行った後、もう一方の面にも二次焼結を行うが、二次散布・焼結は一時散布・焼結と同一作業であるため説明は省略する。
【００２４】
（ａ）混合工程：Ｓｎが１０質量％、残部Ｃｕからなる合金粉末１００体積部に対して、Ｃｕメッキされた黒鉛粉末を４体積部の割合で混合する。
（ｂ）仮焼結工程：前記混合工程で得られた混合粉を８００℃の還元雰囲気中で加熱して焼結塊を製造する。
（ｃ）粉砕工程：焼結塊をハンマーミルで粉砕して粒径が２００μｍ以下の粉末を製造する。
（ｄ）散布工程：厚さ５．０ｍｍ、直径８０ｍｍの鋼板上に粉砕した粉末を厚さ０．８ｍｍで均一に散布する。
（ｅ）焼結工程：粉砕粉が散布された鋼板を還元雰囲気の加熱炉中８６０℃で加熱して粉末同士、粉末と鋼板を接合して軸受合金面と鋼板からなる複層材を得る。
（ｆ）一次押圧工程：前記複層材をプレスにより２００トンで押圧し、焼結後の軸受面を緻密化する。
（ｇ）焼鈍工程：軸受面が緻密化された複層材を水素雰囲気の加熱炉中で８６０℃で１５分間加熱する。
（ｈ）二次押圧工程：焼鈍した複層材をプレスにより１８０トンで押圧し、所定の機械的強度を有する平軸受を得る。その後、精密旋盤で切削して平軸受を製造した。
【００２５】
本発明の平軸受および従来の平軸受の軸受特性を図１に示す。焼付荷重の測定は摩擦試験機を用い、ドライで行った。摩擦係数の測定は、軸受形状が平軸受であり、試験方法はスラスト試験機を用い、周速２．３１ｍ／ｓｅｃで行った。図１からも明らかなように本発明実施例の複層摺動部品は従来の複層摺動部品よりも軸受特性に優れていることが分かる。
【００２６】
【発明の効果】
本発明の複層摺動部品は、従来のＣｕ主成分の複層摺動部品よりも軸受特性に優れており、またＣｕメッキ粉が混合された摺動部品よりも機械的強度が強い。従って、コンプレッサーや油圧機械の平軸受、さらには非常に高荷重のかかる建設機械の下転輪ブッシュ等に用いても長期間安定した軸受特性を維持できるものである。そして本発明の摺動複層部品の製造方法は黒鉛粉末や二硫化モリブデン等の固体潤滑剤を軸受合金面に均一に存在させることができるため安定した品質の摺動複層部品を得ることができるという従来にない優れた効果を奏するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例と比較例における軸受特性のグラフ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a Pb-free multilayer sliding component such as a bush or a flat bearing in which a bearing alloy is joined to a steel plate, and a method for manufacturing the multilayer sliding component.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The bush of the multilayer sliding component is formed by forming a multilayer material in which a bearing alloy is bonded to a steel plate into a cylindrical shape. Since the bush uses a steel plate having high mechanical strength as a backing metal, it has a feature that it can withstand a higher load than a ball bearing or a roller bearing. Accordingly, the bush is often used as a bearing for a portion where a heavy load is applied, such as a lower rolling wheel in a construction machine such as a bulldozer or a power shovel, or a power portion of an automobile which is loaded and rotates at high speed.
[0003]
Further, the plain bearing of the multi-layer sliding component is a sliding component which is formed by forming a steel plate into a flat plate with a bearing alloy bonded thereto and used under a high load. Therefore, flat bearings are often used as sliding parts that are subject to high loads in compressors and hydraulic equipment.
[0004]
Conventional bearing alloys used for bushings and flat bearings have been Cu-based bearing alloys such as lead bronze, phosphor bronze, and high-strength brass. Conventionally, for the purpose of improving bearing characteristics, a solid lubricant such as graphite powder or molybdenum disulfide has been mixed with these bearing alloys, and has been proposed in JP-A-55-134102 and JP-A-55-4415. There is a multi-layer sliding component in which a Cu-plated solid lubricant is mixed as described above.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the use of lead-bronze multi-layer sliding parts has been regulated because of its influence on global environmental problems. In other words, when automobiles and construction machines incorporating multi-layer sliding parts made of lead bronze are old and dismantled, metals such as iron, aluminum, and copper are recovered and reused. Has been landfilled because the bearing alloy is metallically bonded to the steel plate and cannot be separated. Acid rain, which has recently increased in acidity, comes into contact with the landfilled multi-layer sliding component, causing the lead component to elute from the multi-layer sliding component and contaminating groundwater. It is said that drinking the groundwater contaminated with lead for many years may lead to lead poisoning due to accumulation of lead components in the human body and livestock.
[0006]
Phosphor bronze and high-strength brass have not sufficiently satisfied functions as flat bearings used in compressors and hydraulic machines. This is because compressors and hydraulic machines may be subject to high loads when they start operating, but phosphor bronze and high-strength brass cannot cope with the instantaneous high loads, causing seizure. is there.
[0007]
When a heavy load is applied to a conventional bearing alloy mixed with a solid lubricant, the bearing may be cracked by impact, and may be stripped or abraded and burned. In addition, the solid lubricant coated with Cu does not easily cause cracking or peeling, but has a problem in that the bearing characteristics vary. The bearings containing Cu-plated lubricant disclosed in JP-A-55-134102 and JP-A-55-4415 are compacted and sintered, so their mechanical strength is weak, and they are almost never used for bushes of construction machinery that are subject to high loads. could not.
[0008]
The present invention has a bearing characteristic equal to or higher than that of a lead bronze bearing, even though it does not contain lead, which is effective for improving the bearing characteristics, and is applied to flat bearings of compressors and hydraulic machines that are subject to high speed and high load. Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer sliding part which can be used not only as a bearing but also as a bearing for a construction machine under a heavy load.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the problems of the conventional bearing alloys and found the following. Phosphor bronze and high-strength brass cause seizure under high load due to poor lubricity. That is, these alloys do not have a solid lubricant for improving lubricity. Further, the reason why the conventional bearing to which the solid lubricant is added causes cracking or peeling is that the bonding strength with the steel plate is not sufficient. That is, since the solid lubricant such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide does not metallically bond to the bearing alloy or the steel plate, the bonding strength at this portion is weakened.
[0010]
Even if the solid lubricant is contained, if the Cu-plated solid lubricant is used, since the Cu plating is metallically joined to the bearing alloy or the steel plate, the joining strength is stronger than that of the solid lubricant-containing bearing without the Cu plating. However, this Cu-plated bearing has a problem in that the bearing characteristics vary. This is due to the fact that when mixing the Cu-plated solid lubricant with Cu powder, Sn powder and the like, the specific gravities of the respective powders are different, and there is a bias in mechanical stirring. Further, the conventional bearing containing a Cu-plated solid lubricant is obtained by compacting and sintering a mixed powder in a mold, that is, since only the powders are bonded by sintering, sufficient mechanical strength cannot be obtained. .
[0011]
The present invention is intended to make the structure of the bearing alloy uniform and to further enhance the strength. More specifically, the alloy powder 100 is mainly composed of Cu containing 5 to 20% by mass of Sn and the balance of Cu. 1 to 50 parts by volume of Cu-plated solid lubricant powder is uniformly dispersed and mixed with respect to the volume part, and the mixed powder is sintered to a steel sheet, and the Cu-based alloy powder and the Cu plating This is a multilayer sliding part in which the solid lubricant powder is metallically bonded.
[0012]
Further, the method for obtaining the multilayer sliding component of the present invention comprises the steps of: (a) 5 to 20 mass% of Sn, 100 parts by volume of a Cu-based alloy powder consisting of the balance Cu, and 1 to 50 Cu-plated solid lubricant powder; A mixing step of obtaining a mixed powder obtained by mixing volume parts, (b) a preliminary sintering step of sintering the mixed powder in a reducing atmosphere at 750 to 850 ° C. to obtain a sintered block, and (c) a sintering block. A pulverizing step of pulverizing to a powder of 300 μm or less with a pulverizer, (d) a sprinkling step of uniformly dispersing the pulverized powder on the steel sheet, and (e) heating the steel sheet on which the pulverized powder is dispersed in a reducing atmosphere at 800 to 880 ° C. A sintering step of joining the pulverized powder to each other and the pulverized powder to the steel sheet to obtain a multilayer material composed of the bearing alloy surface and the steel sheet; (f) pressing the multilayer material to densify the bearing alloy surface Pressing step, (g) reducing the multilayer material whose bearing alloy surface is densified to a reducing atmosphere of 840 to 880 ° C. Annealing step of heating in air has become a secondary pressing step to obtain a multilayered sliding member having a predetermined mechanical strength by again pressing the multilayer material which is annealed (h).
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The multilayer sliding component of the present invention is not a mixture of a single metal powder of Cu powder and Sn powder as in a conventional Cu-plated solid lubricant-containing bearing, but an alloy powder in which Cu and Sn are completely alloyed. Used to join the alloy powder and the steel plate. In the present invention, if the content of Sn in the Cu-Sn alloy is less than 5% by mass, sufficient hardness cannot be obtained, and if the content of Sn exceeds 20% by mass, the alloy becomes brittle.
[0014]
The solid lubricant used for the multilayer sliding component of the present invention is a graphite powder coated with Cu, a molybdenum disulfide powder, or a mixture thereof, and the mixing ratio of the solid lubricant is 100 parts by volume of the Cu-Sn alloy powder. 1 to 50 parts by volume. If the mixing ratio is less than 1 part by volume, sufficient friction characteristics cannot be obtained, and seizure occurs early. If the mixing ratio exceeds 50 parts by volume, the mechanical strength of the bearing alloy cannot be sufficiently obtained.
[0015]
If the temperature in the preliminary sintering step in the method for producing a multilayer sliding component of the present invention is lower than 750 ° C., the bonding strength between the powders will not be sufficient. However, when the sintering temperature is higher than 850 ° C., the Cu coated with the solid lubricant diffuses into the Cu—Sn alloy powder and disappears, and the Cu—Sn alloy powder and the solid lubricant cannot be joined and separated. Resulting in.
[0016]
The sintered mass obtained by the preliminary sintering is pulverized into a powder by a pulverizing device such as a mill. The specific gravity of the Cu-plated solid lubricant is different from that of the Sn-Cu alloy powder, and the Cu-plated solid lubricant does not mix uniformly with the Cu-Sn alloy powder even with mechanical stirring. However, when the mixed powder is pre-sintered and then pulverized, the solid lubricant is uniformly present throughout. The particle size of the pulverized powder is 300 μm or less. If the powder particle size is larger than 300 μm, the gap of the bearing is increased, and the characteristic of holding the shaft is weakened. The size of the pulverized powder suitable for use in the present invention is around 100 μm.
[0017]
If the temperature of sintering performed after dispersing the pulverized powder on the steel sheet is lower than 800 ° C, the bonding strength between the alloy powders and between the alloy powder and the steel sheet is not sufficient. Of the intermetallic compound is generated, and the bonding strength is reduced.
[0018]
The multilayer material obtained by sintering is primarily pressed in order to densify the bearing alloy surface. The pressing force on the multilayer material is suitably from 150 to 250 tons.
[0019]
The multilayer material whose bearing alloy surface is densified is annealed at 840 ° C to 880 ° C. Annealing in this context refers to lowering the multi-layered material that has been excessively work-hardened by primary pressing to an appropriate hardness and re-sintering the peeled portion generated by pressing to increase the bonding strength. If the annealing temperature is lower than 840 ° C., sufficient annealing cannot be performed, whereas if it is higher than 880 ° C., the hardness of the steel sheet decreases and the mechanical strength decreases.
[0020]
Then, secondary pressing is performed on the multilayer material after annealing. The secondary pressing here increases the mechanical strength by increasing the hardness that has dropped too much in the annealing step to a predetermined hardness, further presses it to near a predetermined thickness, and facilitates the subsequent steps in machining. It is in.
[0021]
【Example】
Table 1 shows the compositions of the bearing alloys of Examples of the present invention and Comparative Examples.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004083934
[0023]
Next, a method for manufacturing the multilayer sliding product of the present invention will be described. Here, a method of manufacturing a flat bearing used for a swash plate of a compressor for a car air conditioner will be described. The swash plate has bearing surfaces on the front and back, so after primary spraying and sintering on one side, secondary sintering is also performed on the other side. Since the operation is the same as that described above, the description is omitted.
[0024]
(A) Mixing step: Cu-plated graphite powder is mixed at a ratio of 4 parts by volume to 100 parts by volume of an alloy powder composed of 10% by mass of Sn and the balance of Cu.
(B) Temporary sintering step: The mixed powder obtained in the mixing step is heated in a reducing atmosphere at 800 ° C. to produce a sintered mass.
(C) Pulverizing step: The sintered mass is pulverized by a hammer mill to produce a powder having a particle size of 200 μm or less.
(D) Spraying step: The powder pulverized on a steel plate having a thickness of 5.0 mm and a diameter of 80 mm is uniformly dispersed with a thickness of 0.8 mm.
(E) Sintering step: The steel sheet on which the pulverized powder has been sprayed is heated at 860 ° C. in a heating furnace in a reducing atmosphere to join the powders, the powder and the steel sheet, to obtain a multilayer material composed of the bearing alloy surface and the steel sheet.
(F) Primary pressing step: The multilayer material is pressed with a press at 200 tons to densify the bearing surface after sintering.
(G) Annealing step: The multilayer material whose bearing surface is densified is heated at 860 ° C. for 15 minutes in a heating furnace in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(H) Secondary pressing step: The annealed multilayer material is pressed with a press at 180 tons to obtain a flat bearing having a predetermined mechanical strength. Then, it was cut with a precision lathe to produce a flat bearing.
[0025]
FIG. 1 shows the bearing characteristics of the flat bearing of the present invention and the conventional flat bearing. The seizure load was measured dry using a friction tester. The friction coefficient was measured using a flat bearing as a bearing shape, and a test method was performed using a thrust tester at a peripheral speed of 2.31 m / sec. As is clear from FIG. 1, the multilayer sliding component of the embodiment of the present invention has better bearing characteristics than the conventional multilayer sliding component.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
The multilayer sliding component of the present invention has better bearing characteristics than the conventional multilayer sliding component mainly composed of Cu, and has higher mechanical strength than the sliding component mixed with Cu plating powder. Therefore, stable bearing characteristics can be maintained for a long period of time even when used for flat bearings of compressors and hydraulic machines, and also for lower rolling bushes of construction machines that are subjected to extremely high loads. The method for manufacturing a sliding multilayer component according to the present invention allows a solid lubricant such as graphite powder or molybdenum disulfide to be uniformly present on the bearing alloy surface, thereby obtaining a sliding multilayer component having stable quality. It has an unprecedented superior effect of being able to do so.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph of bearing characteristics in an example and a comparative example.

Claims (4)

Ｓｎが５〜２０質量％、残部ＣｕからなるＣｕ主成分の合金粉末１００体積部に対してＣｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末１〜５０体積部が均一に分散混合しており、しかも該混合粉末が鋼板に焼結されているとともに、Ｃｕ主成分の合金粉末とＣｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末とが金属的に接合していることを特徴とする複層摺動部品。1 to 50 parts by volume of a Cu-plated solid lubricant powder is uniformly dispersed and mixed with 100 parts by volume of a Cu-based alloy powder composed of 5 to 20 mass% of Sn and the balance of Cu. Is sintered on a steel sheet, and an alloy powder mainly composed of Cu and a solid lubricant powder plated with Cu are metallically joined to each other. 前記Ｃｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末は、黒鉛粉末、二硫化モリブデン粉末、或は黒鉛粉末と二硫化モリブデン粉末の混合粉末であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の複層摺動部品。The multilayer sliding component according to claim 1, wherein the Cu-plated solid lubricant powder is graphite powder, molybdenum disulfide powder, or a mixed powder of graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder. （ａ）Ｓｎが５〜２０質量％、残部ＣｕからなるＣｕ主成分の合金粉末１００体積部とＣｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末１〜５０体積部を混合した混合粉を得る混合工程、（ｂ）該混合粉を７５０〜８５０℃の還元雰囲気中で焼結を行って焼結塊を得る仮焼結工程、（ｃ）焼結塊を粉砕装置で３００μｍ以下の粉末に粉砕する粉砕工程、（ｄ）粉砕粉を鋼板上に均一に散布する散布工程、（ｅ）粉砕粉が散布された鋼板を８００〜８８０℃の還元雰囲気中で加熱して粉砕粉同士および粉砕粉と鋼板とを接合して軸受合金面と鋼板からなる複層材を得る焼結工程、（ｆ）前記複層材を押圧して軸受合金面を緻密化する一次押圧工程、（ｇ）軸受合金面が緻密化された複層材を８４０〜８８０℃の還元雰囲気中で加熱する焼鈍工程、（ｈ）焼鈍された複層材を再度押圧して所定の機械的強度の複層摺動部品を得る二次押圧工程、からなることを特徴とする複層摺動部品の製造方法。(A) a mixing step of obtaining a mixed powder obtained by mixing 100 parts by volume of a Cu-based alloy powder composed of 5 to 20% by mass of Sn with the balance being Cu and 1 to 50 parts by volume of a solid lubricant powder plated with Cu; A) a sintering step of sintering the mixed powder in a reducing atmosphere at 750 to 850 ° C. to obtain a sintered mass; d) a spraying step of uniformly spraying the pulverized powder on the steel sheet, and (e) heating the steel sheet on which the pulverized powder is sprayed in a reducing atmosphere at 800 to 880 ° C. to join the pulverized powder and the pulverized powder to the steel sheet. (F) a primary pressing step of pressing the multilayer material to densify the bearing alloy surface, and (g) densifying the bearing alloy surface. An annealing step of heating the multilayer material in a reducing atmosphere at 840 to 880 ° C., (h) annealing Method of manufacturing a multilayered sliding part, characterized in that by pressing the multilayer material again consists secondary pressing step to obtain a multilayered sliding member having a predetermined mechanical strength. 前記Ｃｕメッキされた固体潤滑剤粉末は、黒鉛粉末、二硫化モリブデン粉末、或は黒鉛粉末と二硫化モリブデン粉末の混合粉末であることを特徴とする請求項３記載の複層摺動部品の製造方法。4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the Cu-plated solid lubricant powder is graphite powder, molybdenum disulfide powder, or a mixed powder of graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder. Method.
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