JP2003052239A - Method for cultivating pachyrhizus erosus - Google Patents
Method for cultivating pachyrhizus erosusInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003052239A JP2003052239A JP2001245546A JP2001245546A JP2003052239A JP 2003052239 A JP2003052239 A JP 2003052239A JP 2001245546 A JP2001245546 A JP 2001245546A JP 2001245546 A JP2001245546 A JP 2001245546A JP 2003052239 A JP2003052239 A JP 2003052239A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- jerusalem artichoke
- cultivating
- seedlings
- soil
- mulch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、クズイモの栽培方
法に関し、特に春季に豆を実らせ、収穫ができるように
した栽培方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, and more particularly to a method for cultivating beans in spring so that they can be harvested.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】クズイモは、熱帯に産するつる性のマメ
科植物で、地下に塊根を生じ、塊根は、紡錘形から扁球
形で、淡い褐色または白っぽく、高さ５〜１０ｃｍ、径
３〜２０ｃｍになる。つるは長く５ｍにも達し、基部は
硬くなる。葉はクズに似て、長さ幅ともに６〜２０ｃ
ｍ、３個の小葉がある。小葉は、菱形で、長さ３．５〜
１２ｃｍ、上部が不規則に浅破し、料面に粗い毛があ
る。総状花序は長さ１５〜３０ｃｍ、まばらに１５〜３
０個の花を着け、花鞭に黄色っぽい毛がある。花は、紅
紫色の蝶形花で、長さは２ｃｍあまり、つるには黄色の
毛がある。莢果は、扁平で広線形、長さは７〜１３ｃ
ｍ、毛がある。黄褐色の豆がはいっている。2. Description of the Related Art Jerusalem artichoke is a climbing leguminous plant that grows in the tropics. It produces tuberous roots underground, which are spindle-shaped to oblate-shaped, light brown or whitish, height 5-10 cm, diameter 3-20 cm. become. The vine can reach 5 m long and the base becomes hard. The leaves are similar to scraps and are 6 to 20c in length and width.
There are 3 leaflets. The leaflets are diamond-shaped and have a length of 3.5-
12 cm, irregularly broken upper part, with rough hair on the surface. Inflorescences 15-30 cm long, sparsely 15-3
He wears 0 flowers and has yellowish hair on the whip. The flowers are crimson-purple butterfly-shaped flowers, with a length of about 2 cm, and yellow hairs on the vine. The pods are flat and broadly linear, and the length is 7 to 13c.
m, there is hair. Yellow-brown beans are in it.
【０００３】メキシコ西南部から南アメリカのペルー、
エクアドル地方の原産で現在では、アメリカとアジアの
熱帯に栽培され、タイ、インドシナには逸出して野生化
したものが見られる。From southwestern Mexico to Peru from South America,
Native to the Ecuador region, it is now cultivated in the tropics of the United States and Asia, and is found in Thailand and Indochina, where it has become wild.
【０００４】クズイモは、栽培植物としては、多収であ
り、フィリピン、インドネシア、メキシコなどでは、１
ヘクタールあたり４０〜５０トンと言われている。Jerusalem artichoke has a high yield as a cultivated plant, and in the Philippines, Indonesia, Mexico, etc., 1
It is said that 40 to 50 tons per hectare.
【０００５】塊根は、うっすら甘味のある美味なもので
薄く切って生食でき、サラダなどに入れてもよいが、軽
く煮て食べることもでき、シャキシャキした食感があ
る。[0005] Tuberous roots are slightly sweet and delicious, and can be sliced thinly to be eaten raw, and may be put in a salad or the like, but they can also be boiled lightly for a crispy texture.
【０００６】成分は、水分８６％、炭水化物は乾燥重量
の８０％、蛋白質８％、脂質４％である。ジャガイモや
サツマイモの蛋白質含量は５％以下であるから、クズイ
モのほうが栄養価は高い。The components are water 86%, carbohydrate 80% by dry weight, protein 8% and lipid 4%. Since the protein content of potatoes and sweet potatoes is 5% or less, the nutmeg is more nutritious.
【０００７】ベトナムでは、皮を剥いて１センチくらい
の厚さにスライスしたものを串に刺してフルーツ屋台で
販売されており、気軽なおやつとして人気がある。ま
た、バリ島では、美白用パックにクズイモが使用されて
おり、豊胸効果があるとされ、日常的にサラダなどで食
されている。In Vietnam, peeled and sliced slices with a thickness of about 1 cm are pierced on skewers and sold at fruit stalls, which is popular as a casual snack. In Bali, Jerusalem artichoke is used in whitening packs, and it is said that it has a breast-boosting effect, and it is eaten daily with salads.
【０００８】栽培に関しては、熱帯に適生するが、あま
り湿潤な気候には適しない。通常、繁殖は種子による。
春季に畦間１．２ｍ、株間４０ｃｍに種子を播き、杭ま
たは竹でつるを支える。With regard to cultivation, it is suitable for the tropics, but not suitable for a humid climate. Propagation is usually by seeds.
In spring, seeds are sown at 1.2 m between the furrows and 40 cm between the plants, and the vines are supported by piles or bamboo.
【０００９】９月〜１０月ごろ開花するが、花を摘み取
ると、４〜８ヶ月で塊根が肥大し、生食または煮食に適
する大きさとなる。澱粉用として完全に成熟するまでに
は２ヵ年を要する。It blooms from September to October. When the flower is picked up, the tuberous root grows in 4 to 8 months and becomes a size suitable for raw or boiled food. It takes two years to fully mature for starch.
【００１０】若い塊根は、生食または煮食するが、外見
や歯切れはともに甘い大根に類似する。台湾では、豚肉
とともに煮てよく食されるが、甘蔗のように柔らかくは
ならず、味は比較的淡白である。熟した塊根は、澱粉採
取用として加工利用される。The young tuberous root eats raw or boiled, but both its appearance and crispness are similar to those of sweet radish. In Taiwan, it is often boiled and eaten with pork, but it does not tend to be as sweet as sugar cane and its taste is relatively pale. The ripe tuberous root is processed and used for collecting starch.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このように、クズイモ
は、ジャガイモなどよりも栄養価が高く、シャキシャキ
した食感のある甘味のある大根に似た植物であり、生食
や煮食でき、日本人の食生活に非常に適した食材である
が、熱帯産であるにも係らず、湿潤には適さないなど、
栽培し難いとされ、農業試験場などでその栽培を試みた
こともあるが、適切な栽培方法は確立されておらず、そ
の栽培試験は全て失敗に終わっているのが現状であっ
た。As described above, Jerusalem artichoke is a plant that is more nutritious than potatoes and has a crunchy texture and is similar to sweet radish, and can be eaten raw or boiled. Although it is a very suitable food for the diet, it is not suitable for moistening despite being tropical.
Although it is said that it is difficult to cultivate it, there are times when it was tried to cultivate it at agricultural test fields, etc., but an appropriate cultivation method has not been established, and all the cultivation tests have failed.
【００１２】本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされ
たものであり、栽培が困難とされるクズイモの良好な栽
培方法を提供することにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a good method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke which is difficult to cultivate.
【００１３】[0013]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、クズイモの栽
培について、様々な試行錯誤を繰り返した結果、地下部
である塊根が一定の大きさまで育つ、塊根育成時期が、
クズイモの栽培にとって最も重要な時期であり、この塊
根育成時期を作物の育成に最も適した春季から初夏季と
なるように、栽培することで、良好で安定したクズイモ
の栽培を可能とすることを見出し、冬季に播種、育苗す
る方法を確立し、本発明を完成したものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention, for the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, as a result of repeating various trial and error, the root tuber which is the underground part grows to a certain size.
It is the most important time for cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, and it is possible to grow good and stable Jerusalem artichoke by cultivating this tuberous root growth period from spring to early summer, which is the most suitable for crop cultivation. The present invention has been completed by finding a method for sowing and raising seedlings in winter.
【００１４】本発明では、冬季において、室温が２８℃
〜３５℃に調節された温室内で腐葉土を用いた培土に播
種し、三葉三枝まで発芽させた後、個別のポットに移植
して育苗し、春季において、枯草と有機肥料を用いて畝
立てされた水捌けの良い圃場に移植し、十分に灌水して
根付かせて栽培し、春季に豆を実らせることを特徴とす
るクズイモの栽培方法である。In the present invention, the room temperature is 28 ° C. in winter.
Seed in a soil using mulch in a greenhouse controlled at ~ 35 ° C, germinate up to three leaves and three shoots, then transplant into individual pots to raise seedlings, and in the spring, ridge using dead grass and organic fertilizer It is a method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, which is characterized in that it is transplanted to a well-drained field, irrigated sufficiently and cultivated with rooting, and then beans are grown in the spring.
【００１５】クズイモは、通常、春季（３月から４月）
に播種し、秋季（9月から１０月）に開花させ、豆を実
られる。豆を採取後、約4ヶ月から５ヶ月で地下部の塊
根を食用として採取する。Jerusalem artichoke is usually in spring (March to April)
The seeds are sown and the flowers are planted in the autumn (September to October). Approximately 4 to 5 months after collecting the beans, the root tubers in the underground are collected for food.
【００１６】現在、栽培されているフィリピンやインド
ネシアでは、この塊根育成時期が夏季（７月から９月）
に当たるが、もともと気温の変化の少ない国々であり、
２６℃から２８℃に保たれ、植物の生育に非常に適して
おり、雨期の前半に当たり、フィリピンでは、台風（９
月から１２月）の前の時期に当たる。In the Philippines and Indonesia, which are currently cultivated, this tuberous root growing period is summer (July to September).
It is a country where the temperature does not change much,
It is kept at 26-28 ℃ and it is very suitable for plant growth. It is in the first half of the rainy season. In the Philippines, typhoon (9
This is the time before the month (December to December).
【００１７】この時期に十分に塊根が育成するため、そ
の後の開花時期の後に台風などの強風などに曝され、地
上部が枯れてしまっても、地下部の塊根がしっかり成長
しているため、４、５ヶ月後には、十分に成長した塊根
を採取することができるのである。Since the tuberous roots are sufficiently grown at this time, the tuberous roots in the underground area are still growing well even if the above-ground area is withered after being exposed to a strong wind such as a typhoon after the flowering time thereafter. Four or five months later, fully grown tuberous roots can be collected.
【００１８】クズイモは、最初に地上部が成長して種子
となる豆を実らせ、花が枯れ、落実後に今後は地下部が
成長して塊根を採取することができる作物であり、この
各々の成長時期をその地域に適応させることが、クズイ
モの栽培にもっとも重要となるのである。Jerusalem artichoke is a crop in which the above-ground portion first grows to produce seed beans, the flowers wither, and after the seeds fall, the underground portion grows and the tuberous root can be collected in the future. Adapting the growing season to the region is the most important for the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke.
【００１９】このクズイモを日本の気候に照らし合わせ
てみると、春季から夏季にかけて気温が上昇し、クズイ
モに適した気温となるが、夏季には、日本独特の台風の
時期となる。この台風（７月から９月）時期の前に塊根
をある程度までに成長させることが必要となる。[0019] Looking at this Japanese yam from the climate of Japan, the temperature rises from spring to summer and the temperature is suitable for the Japanese yam, but in summer, it is a time of typhoon peculiar to Japan. Before this typhoon (July to September), it is necessary to grow tuberous roots to some extent.
【００２０】本発明は、冬季（１月から３月）に播種
し、育苗させ、春季（４月）に圃場に移植し、開花、結
実（４月から６月）させ、塊根を成長させることを特徴
とする。熱帯植物であるため、播種、育苗時期は、気温
を２８℃〜３５℃程度までに調節するために、温室内で
育苗を行うものである。According to the present invention, seeds are sown in winter (January to March), seedlings are grown, transplanted in a field in spring (April), flowered, fruited (April to June), and tubers are grown. Is characterized by. Since it is a tropical plant, seedlings are raised in a greenhouse in order to adjust the temperature to about 28 ° C to 35 ° C during seeding and raising seedlings.
【００２１】温室内の気温が２８℃〜３５℃程度に調整
できる温室であれば良く、暖房設備などが設けられた温
室でも良い。２８℃以下になると、温度が低すぎ良好な
苗に成長しない。また、３５℃以上では、枯れてしま
う。Any greenhouse can be used as long as the temperature in the greenhouse can be adjusted to about 28 ° C. to 35 ° C., and a greenhouse provided with heating equipment or the like may be used. When the temperature is 28 ° C or lower, the temperature is too low to grow a good seedling. Further, at 35 ° C. or higher, it will die.
【００２２】また、クズイモは、過度な湿潤に弱いた
め、用土は、適度な透水性及び保水性を有する腐葉土を
用いた培土に播種し、発芽後、三葉三枝まで生育させた
後に、個々にポットに移植する。該ポットは、１苗ごと
に育苗できるものであればいずれでも良く、市販されて
いる樹脂製ポットなどでも良い。Since the Jerusalem artichoke is vulnerable to excessive moistening, the soil is sowed in a soil using humus that has appropriate water permeability and water retention, and after germination, it is grown up to three leaves and three branches, and then individually. Transfer to pot. Any pot may be used as long as it can raise seedlings for each seedling, and a commercially available resin pot or the like may be used.
【００２３】このポットにおいて、クズイモの路地での
栽培に適した外気温になるまで、温室内で育苗する。春
季になり、外気温が上昇し、暖かくなった頃、圃場に移
植する。外気温が２６℃以上となってから移植すること
が好ましい。圃場に移植し、十分に灌水することによ
り、移植後２ヶ月程度で、開花を開始し、開花後１週間
程度で豆ができ、２ヶ月から３ヶ月で成熟する。このよ
うに、春季（４月から６月）に豆を実らせるものであ
る。In this pot, seedlings are grown in a greenhouse until the outside temperature is suitable for cultivation in the alley of Jerusalem artichoke. In spring, when the outside temperature rises and it becomes warm, it is transplanted to the field. It is preferable to transplant after the outside air temperature reaches 26 ° C or higher. By transplanting to a field and sufficiently irrigating, flowering will start about 2 months after transplanting, and beans will be produced within about 1 week after flowering and will mature in 2 to 3 months. In this way, beans are grown in spring (April to June).
【００２４】圃場の用土は、枯草と有機肥料を用いた培
土により畝立てする。枯草は、ススキの枯れ葉や砂糖き
びの枯れ葉などでも良く、クズイモの枯れ葉や豆殻など
を用いることが好ましい。The field soil is ridged by cultivating soil using hay and organic fertilizer. The dead grass may be dead leaves of Japanese pampas grass, dead leaves of sugar cane, etc., and it is preferable to use dead leaves of Jerusalem artichoke and bean hulls.
【００２５】有機肥料は、家畜糞発酵肥料を用いること
ができ、特に牛糞肥料が好ましい。牛糞肥料と前記の枯
れ葉などを粉砕した枯草粉砕物とを混合して１ヶ月以上
天日乾燥させた発酵肥料などを用いても良い。As the organic fertilizer, livestock manure fertilizer can be used, and cow manure is particularly preferable. You may use the fertilizer etc. which mixed cow dung fertilizer and the above-mentioned hay grass crushed thing which crushed the said dead leaf, and dried it in the sun for one month or more.
【００２６】また、本発明では、前記の温室における育
苗において、断熱性を有する保温容器に腐葉土を用いた
培土を詰めて播種し、育苗するものである。該保温容器
は、断熱性を有し、保温効果のあるものであればいずれ
でも良く、市販の栽培用容器の外部に保温材を取り付け
たものや、断熱素材を用いた栽培容器を用いたものでも
良く、例えば、発泡スチロール製容器を用いることがで
きる。Further, in the present invention, in raising the seedlings in the greenhouse, seedlings are sown by filling and sowing a culture medium using mulch in a heat insulation container having heat insulation properties. The heat-retaining container may be any as long as it has a heat insulating property and has a heat-retaining effect, and a heat-retaining material is attached to the outside of a commercially available container for cultivation, or a cultivation container using a heat-insulating material is used. However, for example, a polystyrene container can be used.
【００２７】また、前期の温室内で育苗する保温容器内
に詰める培土は、底部に腐葉土を敷き、その上に腐葉土
が１０〜３０％混合された赤土と腐葉土との混合土を用
いることができる。As the soil to be filled in the heat-retaining container for raising seedlings in the greenhouse in the previous period, a mixture of red soil and mullet, in which mulch is laid on the bottom and 10 to 30% of mulch is mixed, can be used. .
【００２８】腐葉土は落葉などが発酵した腐食質の土で
あればいずれでも良く、一般に市販される植物栽培用の
腐葉土が使用できる。また、赤土は、全国の至る所に分
散して分布している赤色土であるが、特に沖縄県で国頭
マージと呼ばれ、県土５５％に分布している独特の赤色
土が使用できる。The mulch may be any corrosive soil in which deciduous leaves are fermented, and commercially available mulch for plant cultivation can be used. Also, red soil is a red soil that is distributed and distributed all over the country, and in particular, it is called Kunigami merge in Okinawa Prefecture, and a unique red soil that is distributed in 55% of the prefecture soil can be used.
【００２９】この赤土の成分分析例を以下に示す。 鉄 ７．６２％ カルシウム ０．３９％ アルミニウム ０．０３％ シリカ ３３．６０％An example of component analysis of this red soil is shown below. Iron 7.62% Calcium 0.39% Aluminum 0.03% Silica 33.60%
【００３０】上記にように、鉄分が非常に多く、カルシ
ウムも多く含有しているのが特徴である。その性質上、
粘着力が弱く、水に溶けやすく、また、粒子が非常に細
かいため、沈殿しにくいという特性がある。農業用とし
ては、パイナップルなどの熱帯性植物の育成に適してい
る土である。As described above, the iron content is very high and the calcium content is also high. By its nature,
It has weak adhesion, is easily soluble in water, and has the characteristics that it is difficult to settle because the particles are very fine. For agriculture, the soil is suitable for growing tropical plants such as pineapple.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明による実施の形態
を詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明によるクズイモの栽
培方法を示すフロー図である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to the invention.
【００３２】本実施例によるクズイモの栽培方法では、
冬季に播種し、育苗段階までは、温室栽培を行い、外気
の温度が２６℃以上となり暖かくなった頃に、圃場に移
植して栽培する。以下にその工程を順に説明する。In the method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to this embodiment,
It is sown in winter and greenhouse cultivation is carried out until the seedling raising stage, and when the temperature of the outside air becomes 26 ° C. or higher and it becomes warm, it is transplanted to the field and cultivated. The steps will be described below in order.
【００３３】１）播種
気温が３０℃以上となるように温度調整された温室内お
いて、播種を行う。この播種は２月の初旬に行った。1) Seeding Seeding is carried out in a greenhouse whose temperature is adjusted so that the air temperature is 30 ° C. or higher. This seeding was done in early February.
【００３４】播種容器は、図２に示すように、発泡スチ
ロール製の箱型容器２０を用いた。用土は、図２（１）
に示すように、底部に腐葉土２１を敷き詰め、その上に
細かく砕いた赤土と腐葉土を８：２の割合で混合した混
合土２２を盛土し、この用土に５ｃｍ間隔で深さ１ｃｍ
程度に窪みを設け、クズイモの種２３を１粒づつ播き、
腐葉土を薄く被せた。As the seeding container, as shown in FIG. 2, a box-shaped container 20 made of expanded polystyrene was used. The soil is shown in Figure 2 (1).
As shown in, the mulch 21 is laid on the bottom, and the mixed soil 22 in which the finely crushed red soil and mulch is mixed at a ratio of 8: 2 is laid on the bottom, and the soil is filled with a depth of 1 cm at intervals of 5 cm.
A pit is formed to the extent that seeds 23 of Jerusalem artichoke are sown one by one,
It was covered with a thin layer of mulch.
【００３５】種の植付けが終わると、図２（２）に示す
ように、該播種容器の上部を覆うようにビニール網２４
を被せた。この網２４は、蝶や害虫などに若芽が食べら
れないようにするための防護用網である。After the seeds are planted, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), a vinyl net 24 is formed so as to cover the upper part of the seeding container.
Covered. The net 24 is a net for preventing young shoots from being eaten by butterflies and pests.
【００３６】植え付けた種子２３の灌水は、朝、夕、1
回づつ、１日２回行った。特に、灌水により若芽を傷つ
けないように、細かい散布に心がけた。Irrigation of the planted seeds 23 is carried out in the morning, evening and 1
We went to each one twice a day. In particular, we tried to spray finely so as not to damage the young shoots by irrigation.
【００３７】また、温室内の温度は、電灯などにより、
３０℃以上となるように、十分に注意して温度管理を行
った。The temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled by an electric lamp or the like.
The temperature was carefully controlled so that the temperature became 30 ° C or higher.
【００３８】２）発芽
播種後、１週間後に発芽し始めた。発芽の遅いもので２
週間程度であった。発芽率は７０から８０％程度であっ
た。2) Germination 1 week after sowing, germination began. Slow germination 2
It was about a week. The germination rate was about 70 to 80%.
【００３９】発芽後も１日２回（朝、夕）灌水を行っ
た。室温は３０℃以上に管理した。After germination, watering was performed twice a day (morning and evening). The room temperature was controlled at 30 ° C or higher.
【００４０】３）ポット移植
発芽当初は、２葉の芽が出て高さ約２ｃｍほど、幹はも
やしのように半透明であったが、１週間程度で３葉１枝
となった。更に３葉３枝まで成長した苗３０を、ビニー
ル製のポット３１に植え替えた。時期的には、播種後１
ヶ月後の３月に植え替えた。3) Pot transplantation At the beginning of germination, two leaf buds appeared and the height was about 2 cm, and the trunk was translucent like sprouts, but in about one week it became one branch of three leaves. Furthermore, the seedlings 30 that had grown to three leaves and three branches were replanted in a vinyl pot 31. 1 after seeding
Replanted in March, a month later.
【００４１】図３（１）に示すように、該ポット３１の
底部に腐葉土３２を敷き、その上に細かく砕いた赤土と
腐葉土とを８：２の割合で混合した混合土３３を盛土
し、十分に灌水して移植した。このポット３１を図３
（２）に示すように、発泡スチロール製容器３４に並べ
て入れた。播種容器２０と同様にある程度成長するまで
は、ビニール網を被せた。また、灌水は、上記と同様に
１日2回、丁寧に若葉を痛めないように注意して行っ
た。As shown in FIG. 3 (1), mulch 32 is laid on the bottom of the pot 31, and mixed soil 33, which is a mixture of finely crushed red soil and mulch at a ratio of 8: 2, is filled. Transplanted with adequate irrigation. This pot 31 is shown in FIG.
As shown in (2), they were placed side by side in a polystyrene foam container 34. Like the seeding container 20, it was covered with a vinyl net until it grew to some extent. In addition, irrigation was performed twice a day with the same care as not to damage young leaves.
【００４２】４）圃場移植
温室での育苗を行うのは、外気の気温が暖かくなり、ク
ズイモの成長に適した２６℃以上になるまでの期間とし
た。4) Raising seedlings in a field transplant greenhouse was carried out for a period until the outside air temperature became warm and the temperature reached 26 ° C. or higher suitable for the growth of Jerusalem artichoke.
【００４３】時期的には、４月初旬が適温となるため、
圃場への移植を行った。圃場への移植に先立ち、圃場の
準備を行った。耕運機で畝立てを行った。畝高さは２０
ｃｍ程度とした。この畝にススキの枯れ葉と砂糖きびの
枯れ葉を敷きいれ、さらにクズイモの枯れ葉と豆殻とを
敷き入れた。As for the time of year, the optimum temperature is in early April,
It was transplanted to the field. Before the transplantation to the field, the field was prepared. Ridging was done with a cultivator. The ridge height is 20
It was about cm. Dead leaves of Japanese pampas grass and dead leaves of sugar cane were laid on the ridges, and dead leaves of Jerusalem artichoke and husks were laid.
【００４４】また、元肥として、市販の牛糞肥料に砂糖
きびの枯れ葉を細かく砕いた粉砕物を混合した肥料を敷
きいれ、１ヶ月間、天日に曝して完全に乾燥させた。As the original fertilizer, a commercially available cow dung fertilizer was laid with a fertilizer prepared by mixing a crushed product of finely crushed sugarcane leaves and exposed to the sun for one month to be completely dried.
【００４５】この状態で、クズイモのポット苗を植え付
けた。植付けは、図４（１）に示すように、塊根部収穫
用の苗４１は、畝４０の頂上部分に、３０〜４０ｃｍ間
隔で植え付けた。また、種子豆採取用の苗４２は、図４
（２）に示すように、畝４０の中腹に植え付けた。これ
は種子用と食用との見分けがつくようにするためであ
る。In this state, pot seedlings of Jerusalem artichoke were planted. As for the planting, as shown in FIG. 4 (1), seedlings 41 for tuber root harvesting were planted on the top portion of the ridge 40 at intervals of 30 to 40 cm. Further, the seedling 42 for collecting seed beans is shown in FIG.
As shown in (2), it was planted in the middle of the ridge 40. This is to make it possible to distinguish between seed and food.
【００４６】５）塊根成長
圃場に移植した時点では、十分に根付いていないため、
十分な灌水が必要であり、朝、夕の灌水を丁寧に行う必
要がある。この時期は、該気温がクズイモに最適な気温
となっており、気候的にも日照は十分であり、また、畝
に事前に養分を敷き入れてあるため、肥料効果も高く、
地下部の塊根が急速に成長する。5) At the time of transplantation in a tuber growth field, since it is not rooted sufficiently,
Sufficient irrigation is required, and morning and evening irrigation must be done carefully. At this time, the temperature is the optimum temperature for Jerusalem artichoke, there is sufficient sunshine from a climatic point, and since the ridges are laid with nutrients in advance, the fertilizer effect is high,
Tuberous roots in the underground grow rapidly.
【００４７】この時期に塊根を確実に成長させることが
クズイモの栽培にとって最も重要である。収穫用のもの
は、蕾を定期的に剪定して摘み取る。種子用のものは、
剪定しない。Reliable growth of tuberous roots at this time is the most important for cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke. For harvesting, the buds are regularly pruned and plucked. For seeds,
Do not prun.
【００４８】６）開花
圃場への植付け後、約２ヶ月程度で蕾ができ、１週間程
度で開花する。クズイモの花５０は図５（１）に示すよ
うに、クズ餅やクズ切りで日本ではなじみの深いクズの
花に非常に良く似ており、つる５１の先端に薄い紫色の
多数の花５０を咲かせる。6) Flowering After planting in a field, buds are formed in about 2 months and bloom in about 1 week. As shown in Fig. 5 (1), the Jerusalem artichoke flower 50 is very similar to the kudzu flower, which is familiar in Japan due to its scraped rice cake and scraped rice, and a large number of light purple flowers 50 are attached to the tip of the vine 51. Make it bloom.
【００４９】この花５０は、基本的には、台風時期を除
き、６月から１０月頃まで咲きつづける。The flower 50 basically continues to bloom from June to October except for the typhoon season.
【００５０】７）豆採取
花が咲いた後、図５（２）に示すように、約１週間で豆
房５２ができる。１房には、８〜１０粒の豆５３が入っ
ている。完熟して種子として収穫するには、３ヶ月程度
かかるが、豆房５２が成熟して豆５３が入った時点で収
穫し、採取してから完熟、乾燥させて種子用としても良
い。7) Bean collection After the flowers have bloomed, a soybean tuft 52 is formed in about one week, as shown in FIG. 5 (2). One bunch contains 8 to 10 beans 53. It takes about 3 months to fully ripen and harvest as seeds, but it may be harvested when the soybean tuft 52 is matured and the beans 53 enter, and after harvesting, fully ripened and dried for seeds.
【００５１】８）台風被害
この時期には、次々と花５０が咲き、また、豆房５２が
できるが、７月になると、日本では、台風シーズンとな
るため、強風に弱いクズイモは、地上部のつるの一部を
残してほとんどが枯れ落ちてしまう。8) Typhoon damage At this time, flowers 50 bloom one after another and soybean tufts 52 are formed, but in July, because the typhoon season occurs in Japan, the Jicama is vulnerable to strong winds. Most of the vines die off, leaving some of them.
【００５２】この時期までに、地下部の塊根が成長して
いないものは、枯れてしまう。しかし、塊根部がある程
度まで成長しているものは、生き残り、台風が去ったあ
とで、再びつるを伸ばし、花を咲かせるのである。By this time, the roots of the tuber that have not grown underground die. However, if the roots of the tubers have grown to some extent, they survive, and after the typhoon has left, they will extend the vines again and bloom flowers.
【００５３】従来より、クズイモの栽培試験が行われて
も、ほとんど失敗におわっているが、これらは、クズイ
モの育苗時期の栽培における温度管理と十分な灌水管理
ができなかったこと、及び日本特有の気候である台風に
よる地上部の枯落に大きく影響されていた。[0053] Conventionally, even if a test for cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke has been carried out, it has been almost unsuccessful. However, these were due to the fact that temperature control and sufficient watering control in cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke at the time of raising seedlings could not be carried out, and it is peculiar to Japan It was greatly affected by the dying of the above-ground part due to the typhoon, which is the climate of.
【００５４】すなわち、通常にクズイモを栽培すると、
適温となる春季（４月）に播種することとなる。このた
め、塊根が成長するのは、早くても８月となる。この時
期は、台風シーズンであり、塊根が成長する前に、台風
により、地上部が枯れ落ちてしまい、降雨により地下部
も成長することができなかったのである。That is, when the common Jerusalem artichoke is cultivated,
The seeds will be sown in the spring (April) when the temperature is appropriate. Therefore, tuberous roots grow in August at the earliest. This period was the typhoon season, and before the growth of tuberous roots, the typhoon caused the above-ground part to wither, and rainfall prevented the underground part from growing.
【００５５】９）開花（２期目）
台風シーズンが終わると、塊根が成長しているものは、
生き残り、塊根から再びつるを伸ばし、開花する。この
開花は、９月から１０月まで咲きつづける。9) Flowering (second term) After the typhoon season, the roots that are growing are
It survives, re-extends vine from tuberous root and blooms. This flowering continues to bloom from September to October.
【００５６】１０）豆採取（２期目）
花は、1週間程度で散り、豆房５２ができる。豆房５２
ができてから約2ヶ月程度で豆５３は、種子用として収
穫できる。時期的には、１１月〜１２月まで収穫でき
る。10) Bean collection (second stage) Flowers are scattered in about one week, and a soybean tuft 52 is formed. Mamebo 52
Beans 53 can be harvested for seeds in about 2 months after the formation. Depending on the season, it can be harvested from November to December.
【００５７】種子用として育てた１本の苗からは、１期
目、２期目を合わせると、豆５３が６００〜７００個程
度採取できる。尚、塊根の収穫用に育てた苗からも、豆
５３は、３００〜４００個程度収穫可能である。From one seedling grown for seeds, about 600 to 700 beans 53 can be collected when the first and second seasons are combined. Incidentally, about 300 to 400 beans 53 can be harvested from seedlings grown for harvesting tuberous roots.
【００５８】１１）塊根収穫
種子の採取が完了し、枝葉が全て枯れ落ちた後、１ヶ月
〜３ヶ月後にクズイモが収穫可能となる。塊根５４は、
図５（３）に示すように、紡錘形状でやや褐色みを帯び
た白っぽい大根に似たシャキシャキした塊根である。大
型のものでは、２．５ｋｇ程度となる。11) Harvesting of tuberous roots After the collection of seeds has been completed and all the branches and leaves have withered, the alocusts can be harvested 1 to 3 months later. Tuberous root 54,
As shown in FIG. 5 (3), it is a crispy tuber root that resembles a whitish radish that is spindle-shaped and slightly brownish. The size of a large one is about 2.5 kg.
【００５９】この塊根５４の成熟時期は、翌年の３月〜
４月頃であり、実がしまり、非常にシャキシャキとした
ほのかな甘味があり、美味しく食することができる。The tuberous root 54 is matured from March of the following year.
It is around April, and it is very fruity and has a very crispy and subtle sweetness, so you can eat it deliciously.
【００６０】この塊根５４は、スライスしたり、千切り
にしたりして他の野菜と取り合わせてサラダなどにした
り、すりおろしたりして生で食する他に、煮たり、炒め
たりして食することもでき、大根などと同様に味噌汁に
入れたり、フライドポテトのように揚げ物としても美味
しく食することができた。This tuberous root 54 can be sliced, shredded and combined with other vegetables to make a salad, grated or eaten raw, or boiled or fried to eat. You can also put it in miso soup like daikon radish, or you can eat it as a fried food like fried potatoes.
【００６１】[0061]
【発明の効果】以上、詳細に説明した本発明では、以下
に示すような効果がある。The present invention described in detail above has the following effects.
【００６２】１）クズイモを安定的に、確実に収穫する
ことが可能となる。1) It is possible to stably and surely harvest Jerusalem artichoke.
【００６３】２）クズイモの確実で安定した種子からの
栽培方法を提供できる。2) It is possible to provide a method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke reliably and stably.
【００６４】３）冬季（低温時期）のクズイモの育苗方
法を提供できる。3) It is possible to provide a method for raising Jerusalem artichoke in winter (low temperature period).
【００６５】４）クズイモのポット育苗栽培方法を提供
できる。4) A method for growing pots and seedlings of Jerusalem artichoke can be provided.
【００６６】５）クズイモの安定した育種方法を提供で
きる。5) It is possible to provide a stable breeding method for Jerusalem artichoke.
【００６７】６）クズイモ栽培における台風対策方法を
提供できる。6) It is possible to provide a typhoon countermeasure method for cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke.
【００６８】このように、本発明によれば、日本での栽
培が困難であったクズイモを確実で、かつ安定的に収穫
することのできるクズイモの栽培方法を提供することが
できる。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke which enables reliable and stable harvesting of Jerusalem artichoke that has been difficult to cultivate in Japan.
【図１】本発明によるクズイモの栽培方法を示すフロー
図である。FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明によるクズイモの播種容器の実施例を示
す図である。FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a seed container of a Jerusalem artichoke according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明によるクズイモのポット育苗方法の実施
例を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a method for raising pots of Jerusalem artichoke according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明によるクズイモの栽培方法における圃場
移植状況を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a field transplantation situation in the method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to the present invention.
【図５】本発明によるクズイモの栽培方法により栽培さ
れたクズイモの花及び豆及び塊根の実施例を示す図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing examples of flowers, beans and tuberous roots of Jerusalem artichoke cultivated by the method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to the present invention.
１ 播種 ２ 発芽 ３ ポット移植 ４ 圃場移植 ５ 塊根成長 ６ 開花（１期目） ７ 豆採取（１期目） ８ 台風被害 ９ 開花（２期目） １０ 豆採取（２期目） ２０ 発泡スチロール容器 ２１ 腐葉土 ２２ 混合土 ２３ クズイモの種子 ２４ ビニール網 ３０ クズイモの苗 ３１ ポット ３２ 腐葉土 ３３ 混合土 ３４ 発泡スチロール製容器 ４０ 畝 ４１ クズイモの苗（塊根採取用） ４２ クズイモの苗（種子採取用） ５０ クズイモの花 ５１ クズイモのつる ５２ クズイモの豆房 ５３ クズイモの豆 ５４ クズイモの塊根 1 sowing 2 germination 3 pot transplant 4 field transplant 5 Tuberous root growth 6 flowering (first period) 7 Bean collection (first period) 8 typhoon damage 9 flowering (second period) 10 Bean collection (second period) 20 Styrofoam container 21 mulch 22 mixed soil 23 Jerusalem artichoke seeds 24 vinyl mesh 30 Jerusalem artichoke seedlings 31 pots 32 mulch 33 mixed soil 34 Styrofoam containers 40 ridges 41 Jerusalem artichoke seedlings (for collecting root roots) 42 Jerusalem artichoke seedlings (for seed collection) 50 Jicama flower 51 Crane of the Jicama 52 Mushrooms of Jerusalem artichoke 53 Alocasia beans 54 Tuberous root of Jicama
Claims (5)
調節された温室内で腐葉土を用いた培土に播種し、三葉
三枝まで発芽させた後、個別のポットに移植して育苗
し、春季において、枯草と有機肥料を用いて畝立てされ
た水捌けの良い圃場に移植し、十分に灌水し根付かせて
栽培し、春季に豆を実らせることを特徴とするクズイモ
の栽培方法。1. In winter, the seedlings are sown in a medium in which humus is used in a greenhouse where the room temperature is adjusted to 28 ° C. to 35 ° C., three leaves and three shoots are germinated, and then transplanted into individual pots to raise seedlings, A method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, which is characterized by transplanting into a well-drained field that has been ridged using hay and organic fertilizer in spring, irrigating it sufficiently and cultivating it so that it can grow beans in spring.
性を有する保温容器に腐葉土を用いた培土を詰めて播種
し、育苗することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のクズイ
モの栽培方法。2. The method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, according to claim 1, wherein, in raising seedlings in the greenhouse, seedlings are sown by filling and sowing culture soil using mulch in a heat-retaining container having heat insulation properties.
である請求項２に記載のクズイモの栽培方法。3. The method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to claim 2, wherein the heat retaining container is a polystyrene foam container.
める培土は、底部に腐葉土を敷き、その上に腐葉土が１
０〜３０％混合された赤土と腐葉土との混合土が詰めら
れていることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３までの
いずれかの項に記載のクズイモの栽培方法。4. The soil to be filled in a heat-retaining container for raising seedlings in a greenhouse in the first half is laid with mulch on the bottom and 1 mulch on top of it.
The method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is filled with a mixed soil of red soil and mulch mixed with 0 to 30%.
の枯れ葉と砂糖きびの枯れ葉と、クズイモの枯れ葉及び
豆殻を敷き入れ、元肥として、牛糞肥料と枯草粉砕物と
を混合し、１ヶ月以上天日乾燥させた肥料を混合させた
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４までのいずれか
の項に記載のクズイモの栽培方法。5. The soil used for the ridges in the field is laid with dead leaves of Japanese pampas grass, dead leaves of sugar cane, dead leaves of Jerusalem artichoke and bean husks, and mixed with cow dung manure and crushed grass as a basic fertilizer. The method for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein fertilizer dried in the sun for a month or more is mixed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001245546A JP4819259B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2001-08-13 | Kuzuimo cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001245546A JP4819259B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2001-08-13 | Kuzuimo cultivation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003052239A true JP2003052239A (en) | 2003-02-25 |
| JP4819259B2 JP4819259B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
Family
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| JP2001245546A Expired - Fee Related JP4819259B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2001-08-13 | Kuzuimo cultivation method |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007089568A (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-04-12 | Mineaki Nishida | Method for cultivating pueraria mirifica |
| JP2009165469A (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-07-30 | Yasutake Toyama | Medium for pineapple cultivation, and cultivation method for pineapple |
| CN102165888A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-08-31 | 吴春芳 | High-yield efficient early maturing culture method for shed broad beans |
| JP2011217675A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-11-04 | Wakanyaku Kenkyusho:Kk | Method for cultivating lithospermum erythrorhizon |
| CN105265122A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-01-27 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | Kidney bean greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN106105489A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 青岛海之源智能技术有限公司 | A kind of Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae implantation methods |
| CN108633554A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-12 | 赖吴岗 | The culture apparatus and fruit harvesting method of radix tetrastigme |
| CN113133374A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-20 | 江苏耀星生态农林科技有限公司 | Planting method for delaying degradation of Paeonia ostii in south of Yangtze river |
| CN114128576A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-04 | 资源县资源林场 | Annual supply method of edible native angelica |
| CN114617039A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-06-14 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating root-segment-cultivated or propagation salvia miltiorrhiza |
| CN115152560A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-11 | 郭文同 | High-yield planting method for Dioscorea opposita |
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| CN103798037A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 芮根华 | Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method of summer soybeans |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6485019A (en) * | 1987-09-26 | 1989-03-30 | Hayashibara Takeshi | Method for cultivating plant |
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2001
- 2001-08-13 JP JP2001245546A patent/JP4819259B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6485019A (en) * | 1987-09-26 | 1989-03-30 | Hayashibara Takeshi | Method for cultivating plant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007089568A (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-04-12 | Mineaki Nishida | Method for cultivating pueraria mirifica |
| JP4531731B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2010-08-25 | 嶺明 西田 | How to grow Pueraria Mirifica |
| JP2009165469A (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-07-30 | Yasutake Toyama | Medium for pineapple cultivation, and cultivation method for pineapple |
| JP2011217675A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-11-04 | Wakanyaku Kenkyusho:Kk | Method for cultivating lithospermum erythrorhizon |
| CN102165888A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-08-31 | 吴春芳 | High-yield efficient early maturing culture method for shed broad beans |
| CN102165888B (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2013-07-24 | 吴春芳 | High-yield efficient early maturing culture method for shed broad beans |
| CN105265122A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-01-27 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | Kidney bean greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN106105489A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 青岛海之源智能技术有限公司 | A kind of Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae implantation methods |
| CN108633554A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-12 | 赖吴岗 | The culture apparatus and fruit harvesting method of radix tetrastigme |
| CN113133374A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-20 | 江苏耀星生态农林科技有限公司 | Planting method for delaying degradation of Paeonia ostii in south of Yangtze river |
| CN113133374B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2024-01-19 | 江苏耀星生态农林科技有限公司 | Planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in south of the Yangtze river |
| CN114128576A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-04 | 资源县资源林场 | Annual supply method of edible native angelica |
| CN114128576B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-06-16 | 资源县资源林场 | Annual supply method of edible angelica sinensis |
| CN114617039A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-06-14 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating root-segment-cultivated or propagation salvia miltiorrhiza |
| CN115152560A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-11 | 郭文同 | High-yield planting method for Dioscorea opposita |
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