JP2000112165A - Image forming method and electrophotographic photoreceptor used in same - Google Patents

Image forming method and electrophotographic photoreceptor used in same

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Publication number
JP2000112165A
JP2000112165A JP10279656A JP27965698A JP2000112165A JP 2000112165 A JP2000112165 A JP 2000112165A JP 10279656 A JP10279656 A JP 10279656A JP 27965698 A JP27965698 A JP 27965698A JP 2000112165 A JP2000112165 A JP 2000112165A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
resin
image forming
forming method
atom
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP10279656A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3675194B2 (en
Inventor
Akihiko Itami
明彦 伊丹
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
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Priority to JP27965698A priority Critical patent/JP3675194B2/en
Publication of JP2000112165A publication Critical patent/JP2000112165A/en
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Publication of JP3675194B2 publication Critical patent/JP3675194B2/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming method for providing a stable high resolution image in liquid development over a long period of time and to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor used in the image forming method. SOLUTION: At least electrifying, imagewise exposing and developing means for an electrophorographic photoreceptor are used. The developing means is liquid development. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a resin binder obtained by crosslinking a resin containing Si atoms with a cross linking agent and has >=90 deg. contact to water. The resin containing Si atoms contains constituent units of the formula, wherein R1 and R2 are each H, alkyl or aryl, R3 and R4 are each H, halogen, alkyl or aryl and X1 is an Si-containing group.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、現像手段が液体現
像方式である画像形成方法及びそれに用いられる電子写
真感光体に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming method in which a developing means is a liquid developing system and an electrophotographic photosensitive member used for the method.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】デジタル化の急速な発展に伴い、複写機
やプリンターにも解像度や中間調の再現性などの観点で
の要求性能が高まってきた。また一方ではトータルでの
生産性重視の観点から感光体にもコストの低減、耐久性
の向上、及び環境適性などが強く求められている。
2. Description of the Related Art With the rapid development of digitization, the required performance of copiers and printers has been increasing in terms of resolution and reproducibility of halftones. On the other hand, from the standpoint of total productivity, photoreceptors are also strongly required to have reduced costs, improved durability, and environmental suitability.

【0003】この点、有機感光体は無機感光体と比較し
てコスト、環境適性に優れることから広く用いられてき
たが、一方で機械的な強度や耐溶剤性など耐久性の問題
が指摘されてきた。
[0003] In this regard, organic photoreceptors have been widely used because of their excellent cost and environmental suitability as compared with inorganic photoreceptors, but on the other hand, problems with durability such as mechanical strength and solvent resistance have been pointed out. Have been.

【0004】従来から高画質化を達成するための手段と
しては液体現像方式が一つの有効な手段であることが知
られている。これは液体現像ではトナーの微粒子化が可
能で、高解像度での画像再現性が期待できるためであ
る。
It has been known that a liquid developing system is one effective means for achieving high image quality. This is because toner can be made finer in liquid development, and image reproducibility at high resolution can be expected.

【0005】しかしながら液体現像剤は通常有機溶媒中
に染顔料やポリマー微粒子を分散させて着色を行い、荷
電制御剤等で電荷を調節したものであるが、従来の熱可
塑性樹脂をバインダーとした有機感光体では長期にわた
って使用した場合、表面の膨潤やクラック等による画像
欠陥が問題として指摘されている。特に液体現像は乾式
現像に比べてより忠実に画像を再現できるため、この問
題は感光体の耐久性を決定する要因の一つとなってい
る。
[0005] However, a liquid developer is usually one in which dyes and pigments or polymer fine particles are dispersed in an organic solvent to perform coloring, and the charge is adjusted with a charge controlling agent or the like. When a photoreceptor is used for a long time, image defects such as swelling and cracks on the surface have been pointed out as a problem. In particular, liquid development can reproduce images more faithfully than dry development, and this problem is one of the factors that determine the durability of the photoconductor.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、液体
現像方式において、長期にわたって安定した高解像度の
画像を提供するための画像形成方法及びそれに用いられ
る電子写真感光体を提供することである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an image forming method for providing a stable and high-resolution image for a long time in a liquid developing system, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member used therefor. .

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者等は、高解像度
の画像再現性と感光体の耐久性を両立できる液体現像用
の有機感光体について検討を重ねた結果、光導電層の最
表面層が水に対する接触角が90°以上でありかつ架橋
されていることを特徴とする電子写真感光体を用いるこ
とで、耐久性を大幅に改良できることが見いだされた。
The present inventors have repeatedly studied an organic photoreceptor for liquid development which can achieve both high-resolution image reproducibility and photoreceptor durability. As a result, the outermost surface of the photoconductive layer was obtained. It has been found that durability can be greatly improved by using an electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized in that the layer has a contact angle to water of 90 ° or more and is crosslinked.

【0008】水に対する接触角が大きいと感光体上の潜
像が乱れにくく、より高解像度の画像が得られ、一方、
架橋することにより耐溶剤性を大幅に改良できるととも
に、問題のクラックや膜減耗等を抑制でき、耐久性を大
幅に向上させることができるためであろうと考えられ
る。
[0008] If the contact angle with water is large, the latent image on the photoreceptor is hardly disturbed, and a higher resolution image can be obtained.
This is considered to be because crosslinking can significantly improve the solvent resistance, can suppress the problem of cracks and depletion of the film, and can greatly improve the durability.

【0009】即ち、本発明の目的は、下記構成の何れか
を採ることにより達成される。
That is, the object of the present invention is achieved by adopting one of the following constitutions.

【0010】〔1〕 少なくとも電子写真感光体の帯
電、像露光、現像の各手段を用い、現像手段が液体現像
方式であり、該電子写真感光体の表面層が架橋されてい
る樹脂バインダーを含有し水に対する接触角が90°以
上であることを特徴とする画像形成方法。
[1] At least each of charging, image exposure, and development of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is used, the developing means is a liquid developing system, and the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a resin binder crosslinked. An image forming method, wherein a contact angle with water is 90 ° or more.

【0011】〔2〕 前記表面層がSi原子を含有する
樹脂を架橋剤で架橋させてなる樹脂を含有することを特
徴とする〔1〕記載の画像形成方法。
[2] The image forming method according to [1], wherein the surface layer contains a resin obtained by crosslinking a resin containing Si atoms with a crosslinking agent.

【0012】〔3〕 前記Si原子を含有するバインダ
ー樹脂が構成単位として下記構造式1を含むことを特徴
とする〔2〕記載の画像形成方法。
[3] The image forming method according to [2], wherein the Si atom-containing binder resin contains the following structural formula 1 as a structural unit.

【0013】[0013]

【化3】 Embedded image

【0014】(式中、R1、R2は水素原子、アルキル
基、アリール基を表し、R3、R4は水素原子、ハロゲン
原子、アルキル基、アリール基を表す。X1はSi原子
含有基を表す。) 〔4〕 前記表面層がF原子を含有する樹脂を架橋させ
てなる架橋樹脂を含有することを特徴とする〔1〕記載
の画像形成方法。
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R 3 and R 4 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group. X 1 contains a Si atom. [4] The image forming method according to [1], wherein the surface layer contains a cross-linked resin obtained by cross-linking a resin containing an F atom.

【0015】〔5〕 前記F原子を含有するバインダー
樹脂が構成単位として下記構造式2を含むことを特徴と
する〔4〕記載の画像形成方法。
[5] The image forming method according to [4], wherein the F atom-containing binder resin contains the following structural formula 2 as a constitutional unit.

【0016】[0016]

【化4】 Embedded image

【0017】(式中、R5、R6は水素原子、アルキル
基、アリール基を表し、R7、R8は水素原子、ハロゲン
原子、アルキル基、アリール基を表す。X2はF原子含
有基を表す。) 〔6〕 液体現像方式で現像され、表面層が架橋されて
いる樹脂バインダーを含有し水に対する接触角が90°
以上であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
(Wherein, R 5 and R 6 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R 7 and R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. X 2 contains an F atom. [6] It contains a resin binder which has been developed by a liquid developing method and has a surface layer crosslinked, and has a contact angle of 90 ° with water.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by the above.

【0018】本発明に用いられる液体現像方式について
は、特に限定されるものではないが、バイアス電圧印加
機構を有し、バイアス印加条件下で液体現像剤を供給す
る反転現像方式が望ましい。
The liquid developing system used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a reversal developing system having a bias voltage applying mechanism and supplying a liquid developer under bias applying conditions is preferable.

【0019】液体現像剤組成としては、カーボンブラッ
クのような顔料を分散樹脂と共に、高絶縁性炭化水素溶
剤中に分散したものや、電荷制御剤により荷電された染
料により着色されたもの、あるいは着色された樹脂粒子
を高絶縁性炭化水素溶媒中に分散したもののいずれをも
適用することが出来る。中でも樹脂粒子分散タイプの液
体現像剤は分散安定性、荷電安定性と定着性に優れてい
る。
The liquid developer composition includes a pigment such as carbon black dispersed together with a dispersing resin in a highly insulating hydrocarbon solvent, a pigment colored with a dye charged by a charge controlling agent, or a pigment. Any of the obtained resin particles dispersed in a highly insulating hydrocarbon solvent can be used. Above all, a liquid developer of a resin particle dispersion type is excellent in dispersion stability, charge stability and fixability.

【0020】液体現像剤に使用される高絶縁性炭化水素
溶剤は、低誘電率で高絶縁性の有機溶媒であり、例えば
直鎖パラフィン系炭化水素、イソパラフィン系炭化水
素、脂環族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、ハロゲン系脂肪
族炭化水素等が挙げられ、通常はイソパラフィン系炭化
水素が多く用いられる。
The highly insulating hydrocarbon solvent used for the liquid developer is an organic solvent having a low dielectric constant and a high insulation, such as a linear paraffinic hydrocarbon, an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, an alicyclic hydrocarbon, Aromatic hydrocarbons, halogen-based aliphatic hydrocarbons and the like can be mentioned, and usually isoparaffin-based hydrocarbons are often used.

【0021】イソパラフィン系炭化水素の例としては、
シェルゾル71(シェル石油社製)、アイソパーG、ア
イソパーH及びアイソパーL(エクソン石油社製)、I
Pソルベント1620(出光石油社製)等が挙げられ
る。
Examples of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons include:
Shell sol 71 (manufactured by Shell Sekiyu KK), Isopar G, Isopar H and Isopar L (manufactured by Exxon Sekiyu KK), I
P Solvent 1620 (made by Idemitsu Oil Co., Ltd.) and the like.

【0022】さらに特開昭59−83174号、同59
−177572号、同59−212850号、同59−
212851号、同60−164757号、同60−1
79751号、同60−185962号及び同60−1
85963号の各公報に記載されているように、分散重
合法により高絶縁性溶剤に可溶な重合体存在下で該溶剤
に可溶であるが重合体を形成すると不溶になるモノマー
を重合し、得られた樹脂分散物を液体現像剤として用い
ることが出来る。
Further, JP-A-59-83174 and JP-A-59-83174.
177572, 59-212850, 59-
No. 218521, No. 60-164775, No. 60-1
No. 79751, No. 60-185962 and No. 60-1
As described in each publication of No. 85963, in the presence of a polymer soluble in a highly insulating solvent by a dispersion polymerization method, a monomer that is soluble in the solvent but becomes insoluble when a polymer is formed is polymerized. The obtained resin dispersion can be used as a liquid developer.

【0023】さらに特開昭62−231266号、同6
2−231267号、同62−232660号、同63
−178258号及び同63−179368号の各公報
に記載された液体現像剤も好適に用いることが出来る。
これらの現像剤は分散安定性が良く、また工業的な製造
上も安定性がある。
Further, JP-A Nos. 62-231266 and 6
2-231267, 62-232660, 63
Liquid developers described in JP-A-178258 and JP-A-63-179368 can also be suitably used.
These developers have good dispersion stability and are also stable in industrial production.

【0024】水に対する接触角の測定には、接触角計
(例えば協和界面科学社製のCA−DT型)による液滴
法やMillerの液滴法がよい。Millerの液滴
法は表面に一定の容積の検液を滴下し、液滴の直径より
算出する方法であって、R.N.Miller Mat
erials Protection & Perfo
rmance(1973年発行12巻5号31頁)に詳
しく述べられている。
For measuring the contact angle with water, a droplet method using a contact angle meter (for example, CA-DT type manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) or a Miller droplet method is preferred. Miller's droplet method is a method of dropping a test solution of a fixed volume on the surface and calculating from the diameter of the droplet. N. Miller Mat
erials Protection & Perfo
rmance (1973, Vol. 12, No. 5, p. 31).

【0025】表面層の塗布は、スライドホッパ等の円形
量規制塗布、浸漬塗布、スプレー塗布等、特にその方式
は問わない。又、表面層とは感光体の最表面に位置する
層という意味であり、保護層であっても、感光層、もし
くは電荷輸送層等感光層の一部を受け持つ層であっても
よい。
The application of the surface layer is not particularly limited, such as a circular amount control application such as a slide hopper, a dip application, a spray application and the like. Further, the surface layer means a layer located on the outermost surface of the photoreceptor, and may be a protective layer or a layer covering a part of the photosensitive layer such as a photosensitive layer or a charge transport layer.

【0026】又、表面層に用いられている樹脂バインダ
ーを架橋する方法も特に限定されるものではない。例え
ば架橋性を持つ樹脂バインダー液を塗布後、加熱乾燥時
に架橋反応が進行するもの等が最も好ましく採用され
る。この様な方法に用いられる樹脂バインダーは、下記
のごとき構成単位を有するものが、代表例として挙げら
れる。
The method for crosslinking the resin binder used for the surface layer is not particularly limited. For example, those in which a cross-linking reaction proceeds during heating and drying after application of a resin binder liquid having a cross-linking property are most preferably employed. Typical examples of the resin binder used in such a method include those having the following structural units.

【0027】前記構造式1で表される樹脂バインダー構
成単位
The structural unit of the resin binder represented by the structural formula 1

【0028】[0028]

【化5】 Embedded image

【0029】前記構造式2で表される樹脂バインダー構
成単位
The structural unit of the resin binder represented by the structural formula 2

【0030】[0030]

【化6】 Embedded image

【0031】本発明を適用することの出来る電子写真感
光体としては、特に限定はない。しかし、代表的なもの
は、円筒状基体あるいはベルト状基体表面に導電層と感
光層を設けた電子写真感光体であり、感光層を設けるに
は、従来用いられてきた方法を広く利用することが出来
る。
The electrophotographic photosensitive member to which the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited. However, a typical example is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a conductive layer and a photosensitive layer provided on the surface of a cylindrical or belt-like substrate. In order to provide the photosensitive layer, a widely used conventional method is used. Can be done.

【0032】すなわち、広く用いられているアルミニウ
ム等の金属基体が導電層をかねるものの他、プラスティ
ック等の絶縁性基体上に導電層を形成しても良い。その
方法としては、アルミニウムやITO(インジュウム・
ティン・オキサイド)等、金属あるいは金属酸化物の蒸
着又はスパッタリングによるものや、ITOやアルミナ
導電性微粒子と樹脂とを混合したものによる導電性樹脂
の塗膜形成がその代表的なものである。
That is, in addition to the widely used metal base such as aluminum serving as the conductive layer, the conductive layer may be formed on an insulating base such as plastic. As the method, aluminum or ITO (Indium /
Typical examples thereof include a film formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of a metal or metal oxide, such as tin oxide, and a conductive resin film formed by mixing a resin with ITO or alumina conductive fine particles.

【0033】感光層を塗設するに先立ち、感光層の接着
性改良、塗布性改良、基体表面上の欠陥の被覆及び基体
から電荷発生層への電荷注入性改良等のため、感光層の
下に中間層(下引き層)が設けられることが多い。
Prior to coating the photosensitive layer, the lower layer of the photosensitive layer is used to improve the adhesiveness of the photosensitive layer, improve the coating properties, cover defects on the surface of the substrate, and improve the charge injection property from the substrate to the charge generating layer. Is often provided with an intermediate layer (undercoat layer).

【0034】材料としては、ポリアミド、共重合性ナイ
ロン、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロース、
ゼラチン等の樹脂中間層、あるいは特開平9−6887
0号公報に記載のごとき、有機金属キレート化合物等を
用いた硬化型中間層が良く知られている。これらを各種
有機溶媒等に溶かして、膜厚が0.01〜5μm程度に
なるように基体上に塗布される。
As materials, polyamide, copolymerizable nylon, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose,
Resin intermediate layer of gelatin or the like, or JP-A-9-68887
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0, a curable intermediate layer using an organic metal chelate compound or the like is well known. These are dissolved in various organic solvents and the like, and applied on a substrate so that the film thickness becomes about 0.01 to 5 μm.

【0035】又、感光層の形成には、有機光導電体層、
特に電荷輸送物質と電荷発生物質を双方含有する機能分
離型、特に各々を別々に重層したタイプの有機感光体を
塗布して形成することが望ましい。
In addition, an organic photoconductor layer,
In particular, it is desirable to form by applying an organic photoreceptor of a function-separated type containing both a charge transporting substance and a charge generating substance, and particularly of a type in which each is separately laminated.

【0036】電荷発生層(CGL)は、電荷発生物質
(CGM)を必要に応じてバインダー樹脂中に分散させ
て形成される。CGMとしては、金属または無金属フタ
ロシアニン化合物、ビスアゾ化合物、トリスアゾ化合物
等のアゾ化合物、スクエアリウム化合物、アズレニウム
化合物、ペリレン系化合物、インジコ化合物、キナクリ
ドン化合物、多環キノン系化合物、シアニン色素、キサ
ンテン染料、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾールとトリニト
ロフルオレノンなどからなる電荷移動錯体等が挙げられ
るがこれらに限定されるわけではない。またこれらは必
要に応じて二種以上混合して用いてもよい。
The charge generation layer (CGL) is formed by dispersing a charge generation material (CGM) in a binder resin as required. Examples of CGM include metal or metal-free phthalocyanine compounds, azo compounds such as bisazo compounds and trisazo compounds, squarium compounds, azurenium compounds, perylene compounds, indico compounds, quinacridone compounds, polycyclic quinone compounds, cyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, Examples include, but are not limited to, charge transfer complexes comprising poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone. These may be used as a mixture of two or more as necessary.

【0037】また、電荷発生層に使用可能なバインダー
樹脂としては、例えばポリスチレン樹脂、ポリエチレン
樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリアクリル樹脂、ポリメ
タクリル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル樹
脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ポリエポキシ樹脂、ポ
リウレタン樹脂、ポリフェノール樹脂、ポリエステル樹
脂、ポリアルキッド樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリ
シリコーン樹脂、ポリメラミン樹脂、並びにこれら樹脂
の繰り返し単位のうち二つ以上を含む共重合体樹脂、例
えば塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、塩化ビニル
−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂、また高分
子有機半導体、例えばポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、
等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるわけではない。上
記のうちCGMとしてイミダゾールペリレン化合物を用
いた場合に好ましいバインダーとしては、ポリビニルブ
チラール樹脂が、フタロシアニン化合物を用いた場合に
好ましいバインダーとしては、ポリシリコーン樹脂及び
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、あるいは両方を混合したも
のなどが挙げられる。
As the binder resin usable for the charge generation layer, for example, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyacryl resin, polymethacryl resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, Epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyphenol resins, polyester resins, polyalkyd resins, polycarbonate resins, polysilicone resins, polymelamine resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more of the repeating units of these resins, for example, vinyl chloride-acetic acid Vinyl copolymer resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resin, and high-molecular organic semiconductor such as poly-N-vinyl carbazole,
And the like, but are not limited thereto. Among the above, when the imidazole perylene compound is used as the CGM, the preferred binder is polyvinyl butyral resin, and when the phthalocyanine compound is used, the preferred binder is a polysilicone resin and a polyvinyl butyral resin, or a mixture of both. Is mentioned.

【0038】電荷輸送層(CTL)は、電荷輸送物質
(CTM)を単独で、あるいはバインダー樹脂とともに
構成される。CTMとしては、例えばカルバゾール誘導
体、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、チ
アゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール
誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、イミダゾロン誘導体、イ
ミダゾリジン誘導体、ビスイミダゾリジン誘導体、スチ
リル化合物、ヒドラゾン化合物、ピラゾリン誘導体、オ
キサゾロン誘導体、ベンズイミダゾール誘導体、キナゾ
リン誘導体、ベンゾフラン誘導体、アクリジン誘導体、
フェナジン誘導体、アミノスチルベン誘導体、トリアリ
ールアミン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、スチル
ベン誘導体、ベンジジン誘導体、ポリ−N−ビニルカル
バゾール、ポリ−1−ビニルピレン、ポリ−9−ビニル
アントラセン等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるわけ
ではない。またこれらは単独でも、二種以上の混合で用
いてもよい。
The charge transport layer (CTL) is composed of a charge transport material (CTM) alone or together with a binder resin. Examples of the CTM include carbazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, imidazolone derivatives, imidazolidine derivatives, bisimidazolidine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, oxazolone. Derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, acridine derivatives,
Phenazine derivatives, aminostilbene derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, benzidine derivatives, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly-1-vinylpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene, and the like, but are not limited thereto. Not necessarily. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

【0039】また、電荷輸送層に使用可能なバインダー
樹脂としては、例えばポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアク
リレート樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、
スチレン−アクリルニトリル共重合体樹脂、ポリメタク
リル酸エステル樹脂、スチレン−メタクリル酸エステル
共重合体樹脂等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるわ
けではない。
As the binder resin usable for the charge transport layer, for example, a polycarbonate resin, a polyacrylate resin, a polyester resin, a polystyrene resin,
Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, polymethacrylate resin, and styrene-methacrylate copolymer resin.

【0040】また繰り返し使用した際の疲労劣化を少な
くするために、あるいは耐久性を向上させるために、感
光体の各層いずれにでも従来公知の酸化防止剤、紫外線
吸収剤、電子受容性物質、表面改質剤、可塑剤等、環境
依存性低減剤などを、必要に応じて適当量添加して用い
ることができる。
Further, in order to reduce the fatigue deterioration upon repeated use or to improve the durability, each of the layers of the photoreceptor is provided with a conventionally known antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, electron-accepting substance, and surface. An environment-dependent reducing agent such as a modifier and a plasticizer can be added in an appropriate amount as needed.

【0041】又、本発明の感光体は、電子写真方式の液
体現像剤を用いる画像形成方法に広く適用することが出
来る。
The photoreceptor of the present invention can be widely applied to an image forming method using an electrophotographic liquid developer.

【0042】[0042]

【実施例】以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明す
るが、本発明の態様はこれに限定されない。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

【0043】実施例1 表面にアルミニウムを蒸着したポリエステルフイルムに
下記の下引き層塗布液UCL−1を調製し、乾燥膜厚
0.5μmとなるように塗布した。
Example 1 The following undercoat layer coating solution UCL-1 was prepared and applied to a polyester film having aluminum deposited on the surface so as to have a dry film thickness of 0.5 μm.

【0044】 1.下引き層塗布液UCL−1 エルバックス4260(三井デュポンポリケミカル社製) 14g トルエン 300ml シクロヘキサン 300ml この下引き層上に、下記電荷発生層塗布液CGL−1を
分散調液し、膜厚0.5μmとなるよう塗布した。
1. Undercoat Layer Coating Solution UCL-1 ELVACS 4260 (manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemicals) 14 g Toluene 300 ml Cyclohexane 300 ml Onto this undercoat layer, the following charge generation layer coating solution CGL-1 was dispersed and prepared. It was applied to a thickness of 5 μm.

【0045】 2.電荷発生層塗布液CGL−1 τ型無金属フタロシアニン(東洋インキ社製) 6.2g シリコーン樹脂(KR−5240 信越化学社製) 30g 2−ブタノン 300ml 上記塗布液をサンドミルを用いて2時間分散した。[0045] 2. Charge generating layer coating solution CGL-1 τ-type metal-free phthalocyanine (manufactured by Toyo Ink Co., Ltd.) 6.2 g Silicone resin (KR-5240 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 30 g 2-butanone 300 ml The above coating solution was dispersed using a sand mill for 2 hours. .

【0046】この電荷発生層上に下記の電荷輸送層塗布
液CTL−1を調製し、乾燥膜厚23μmになるように
塗布した後、120℃・1時間加熱硬化して感光体を得
た。
The following charge transport layer coating solution CTL-1 was prepared on the charge generation layer, applied to a dry film thickness of 23 μm, and cured by heating at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a photoreceptor.

【0047】 3.電荷輸送層塗布液CTL−1 CTM−1 420g Si原子含有バインダー樹脂(1) 560g トルイレンジイソシアネート(TDI) 60g (日本ポリウレタン社製) サノールLS2626(三共社製) 21g 1,2−ジクロロエタン 2800ml[0047] 3. Charge transport layer coating solution CTL-1 CTM-1 420 g Si atom-containing binder resin (1) 560 g Toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) 60 g (Nippon Polyurethane) Sanol LS2626 (Sankyo) 21 g 1,2-dichloroethane 2800 ml

【0048】[0048]

【化7】 Embedded image

【0049】[0049]

【化8】 Embedded image

【0050】[0050]

【化9】 Embedded image

【0051】この感光体表面の接触角は102°であっ
た。
The contact angle on the surface of the photosensitive member was 102 °.

【0052】実施例2 実施例1において感光体の処方を以下のように変更し
た。
Example 2 The formulation of the photoreceptor in Example 1 was changed as follows.

【0053】前記支持体上に下記の下引き層塗布液UC
L−2を調製し、乾燥膜厚1.0μmとなるように塗布
した。
The undercoat layer coating solution UC described below was coated on the support.
L-2 was prepared and applied to a dry film thickness of 1.0 μm.

【0054】 1.下引き層塗布液UCL−2 チタンキレート化合物(TC−750 松本製薬社製) 30g シランカップリング剤(KBM−503 信越化学社製) 17g 2−プロパノール 150ml この下引き層上に、下記感光層塗布液CGL−2を分散
調液し、膜厚0.5μmとなるよう塗布した。
1. Undercoat layer coating solution UCL-2 Titanium chelate compound (TC-750 manufactured by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 30 g Silane coupling agent (KBM-503 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 17 g 2-propanol 150 ml On this undercoat layer, apply the following photosensitive layer The liquid CGL-2 was dispersed and prepared and applied so as to have a film thickness of 0.5 μm.

【0055】 2.電荷発生層塗布液CGL−2 Y型チタニルフタロシアニン(特開昭64−67094号公報) 10g シリコーン樹脂(KR−5240 信越化学社製) 10g 酢酸−t−ブチル 1000ml 上記塗布液をサンドミルを用いて20時間分散した。[0055] 2. Charge generation layer coating solution CGL-2 Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-67094) 10 g Silicone resin (KR-5240 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 10 g-t-butyl acetate 1000 ml Time dispersed.

【0056】この電荷発生層上に下記の電荷輸送層塗布
液CTL−2を調製し、乾燥膜厚23μmになるように
塗布した後、100℃・1時間乾燥して感光体を得た。
The following charge transport layer coating solution CTL-2 was prepared on this charge generation layer, applied to a dry film thickness of 23 μm, and dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a photoreceptor.

【0057】 3.電荷輸送層塗布液CTL−2 CTM−2 420g Si原子含有バインダー樹脂(2) 560g ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート 100g 1,2−ジクロロエタン 2800ml この感光体表面の接触角は101°であった。[0057] 3. Charge transport layer coating solution CTL-2 CTM-2 420 g Si atom-containing binder resin (2) 560 g Diphenylmethane diisocyanate 100 g 1,2-dichloroethane 2800 ml The contact angle of the photoconductor surface was 101 °.

【0058】実施例3 実施例2において電荷輸送層中のSi原子含有バインダ
ー樹脂(2)の代わりに下記構造のSi原子含有バイン
ダー樹脂(3)に変えた他は実施例2と同様にして感光
体を作製した。
Example 3 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated, except that the Si atom-containing binder resin (3) having the following structure was used instead of the Si atom-containing binder resin (2) in the charge transport layer. The body was made.

【0059】この感光体表面の接触角は92°であっ
た。
The contact angle on the surface of the photoreceptor was 92 °.

【0060】実施例4 実施例2において電荷輸送層中のSi原子含有バインダ
ー樹脂(2)の代わりに下記構造のF原子含有バインダ
ー樹脂(4)に変えた他は実施例2と同様にして感光体
を作製した。
Example 4 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated, except that the F atom-containing binder resin (4) having the following structure was used instead of the Si atom-containing binder resin (2) in the charge transport layer. The body was made.

【0061】この感光体表面の接触角は93°であっ
た。
The contact angle on the surface of the photoreceptor was 93 °.

【0062】比較例1 実施例2において電荷輸送層中のSi原子含有バインダ
ー樹脂(2)の代わりに上記構造のバインダー樹脂
(5)に変えた他は実施例2と同様にして感光体を作製
した。
Comparative Example 1 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the binder resin (5) having the above structure was used instead of the Si atom-containing binder resin (2) in the charge transport layer. did.

【0063】この感光体表面の接触角は78°であっ
た。
The contact angle on the surface of the photosensitive member was 78 °.

【0064】比較例2 下記電荷輸送層塗布液CTL−3を調製し、乾燥膜厚2
3μmになるように塗布した後、120℃・1時間乾燥
した以外は実施例2と同様にして感光体を作製した。
Comparative Example 2 The following charge transport layer coating solution CTL-3 was prepared and dried
A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the film was coated so as to have a thickness of 3 μm and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.

【0065】この感光体表面の接触角は102°であっ
た。
The contact angle on the surface of the photoreceptor was 102 °.

【0066】 電荷輸送層塗布液CTL−3 CTM−2 420g Si原子含有バインダー樹脂(2) 560g 1,2−ジクロロエタン 2800ml 〈評価〉 1.電位特性評価 このようにして得た感光体をコニカ社製複写機Koni
ca 7050を改造して表面電位計を取り付け、帯電
→露光→除電のプロセスを行い、未露光電位及び露光後
の電位(それぞれVH、VL)を測定した。
Charge Transport Layer Coating Solution CTL-3 CTM-2 420 g Si atom-containing binder resin (2) 560 g 1,2-dichloroethane 2800 ml <Evaluation> Evaluation of potential characteristics The photoconductor obtained in this manner was used as a Konica copier Koni.
The ca 7050 was modified and a surface potentiometer was attached, and a process of charging → exposure → discharge was performed to measure the unexposed potential and the potential after exposure (VH and VL, respectively).

【0067】実際には上記プロセスを10,000回の
連続繰り返し劣化試験を行い、劣化後の電位測定を行っ
た。
In practice, the above process was repeated 10,000 times repeatedly for the deterioration test, and the potential after the deterioration was measured.

【0068】2.耐溶剤性評価 上記感光体を液体現像方式の現像液の成分の一つとして
用いるIsoparL(EXXON CHEMICAL
JAPAN社製)に30℃にて一昼夜浸漬した後、感
光体表面の外観を目視で観察した。
2. Evaluation of solvent resistance IsoparL (EXXON CHEMICAL) using the above-mentioned photoreceptor as one of the components of a developing solution of a liquid developing system
After immersion for one day at 30.degree. C. in Japan, the appearance of the surface of the photoreceptor was visually observed.

【0069】次いでこれらの感光体の超音波融着によ
り、ベルト状感光体として液体現像剤プロセスを適用し
たレーザープリンタ試作機に装着し、帯電電位−700
V、現像バイアス電位−200Vに設定し、得られた画
像を目視で評価した。
Next, these photoconductors were mounted on a laser printer prototype machine to which a liquid developer process was applied as a belt-shaped photoconductor by ultrasonic fusion, and charged potential was -700.
V, and the developing bias potential was set to -200 V, and the obtained image was visually evaluated.

【0070】結果を表1に示す。Table 1 shows the results.

【0071】[0071]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0072】表1に示される通り、本発明内の実施例1
〜4においては、いずれの特性も良好であるが、比較例
1または2の如く表面のバインダー樹脂が架橋されてい
ないもの、あるいは接触角が90°に満たないものは、
少なくとも何れかの特性に問題があることがわかる。
As shown in Table 1, Example 1 in the present invention
In Nos. 4 to 4, all of the properties were good, but those in which the binder resin on the surface was not crosslinked as in Comparative Examples 1 or 2, or those in which the contact angle was less than 90 °,
It can be seen that at least one of the characteristics has a problem.

【0073】[0073]

【発明の効果】本発明により、液体現像方式において、
長期にわたって安定した高解像度の画像を提供するため
の画像形成方法及びそれに用いられる電子写真感光体を
提供することが出来る。
According to the present invention, in a liquid developing system,
It is possible to provide an image forming method for providing a stable high-resolution image for a long period of time and an electrophotographic photosensitive member used for the method.

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 少なくとも電子写真感光体の帯電、像露
光、現像の各手段を用い、現像手段が液体現像方式であ
り、該電子写真感光体の表面層が架橋されている樹脂バ
インダーを含有し水に対する接触角が90°以上である
ことを特徴とする画像形成方法。
Claims: 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes at least each of charging, image exposing, and developing means. The developing means is a liquid developing system, and the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a resin binder having a crosslinked structure. An image forming method, wherein a contact angle with water is 90 ° or more.
【請求項2】 前記表面層がSi原子を含有する樹脂を
架橋剤で架橋させてなる樹脂を含有することを特徴とす
る請求項1記載の画像形成方法。
2. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer contains a resin obtained by crosslinking a resin containing Si atoms with a crosslinking agent.
【請求項3】 前記Si原子を含有するバインダー樹脂
が構成単位として下記構造式1を含むことを特徴とする
請求項2記載の画像形成方法。 【化1】 (式中、R1、R2は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基
を表し、R3、R4は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル
基、アリール基を表す。X1はSi原子含有基を表
す。)
3. The image forming method according to claim 2, wherein the binder resin containing Si atoms contains the following structural formula 1 as a structural unit. Embedded image (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R 3 and R 4 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. X 1 represents a Si atom-containing group. .)
【請求項4】 前記表面層がF原子を含有する樹脂を架
橋させてなる架橋樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求
項1記載の画像形成方法。
4. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein said surface layer contains a crosslinked resin obtained by crosslinking a resin containing F atoms.
【請求項5】 前記F原子を含有するバインダー樹脂が
構成単位として下記構造式2を含むことを特徴とする請
求項4記載の画像形成方法。 【化2】 (式中、R5、R6は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基
を表し、R7、R8は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル
基、アリール基を表す。X2はF原子含有基を表す。)
5. The image forming method according to claim 4, wherein the binder resin containing an F atom contains the following structural formula 2 as a structural unit. Embedded image (Wherein, R 5 and R 6 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, and an aryl group, and R 7 and R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, and an aryl group. X 2 represents an F atom-containing group. .)
【請求項6】 液体現像方式で現像され、表面層が架橋
されている樹脂バインダーを含有し水に対する接触角が
90°以上であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
6. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a resin binder developed by a liquid developing method and having a surface layer crosslinked, and having a contact angle with water of 90 ° or more.
JP27965698A 1998-10-01 1998-10-01 Image forming method and electrophotographic photosensitive member used therefor Expired - Fee Related JP3675194B2 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002040677A (en) * 2000-07-26 2002-02-06 Kyocera Mita Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor used for device for image formation by wet development method
SG113384A1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2005-08-29 Sanwa Shutter Corp Sheet shutter
JP2012014091A (en) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-19 Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc Image forming device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG113384A1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2005-08-29 Sanwa Shutter Corp Sheet shutter
JP2002040677A (en) * 2000-07-26 2002-02-06 Kyocera Mita Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor used for device for image formation by wet development method
JP2012014091A (en) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-19 Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc Image forming device

Also Published As

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