HRP970600A2

HRP970600A2 - Process and apparatus for drilling and covering a bore with a layer

Info

Publication number: HRP970600A2
Application number: HRA1065/97A
Authority: HR
Inventors: Josef Mocivnik
Original assignee: Alwag Tunnelausbau Gmbh
Priority date: 1996-11-12
Filing date: 1997-11-12
Publication date: 1999-08-31
Also published as: PL333244A1; ES2176709T3; KR100338308B1; CA2271655A1; SK59399A3; CA2271655C; CN1079880C; KR20000053240A; ID21554A; DE59707305D1; AU4856297A; WO1998021439A1; CZ162399A3; ATE217681T1; EP0948701B1; JP3813177B2; EP0948701A1; SK283483B6; JP2001503486A; CZ296814B6

Abstract

In a process for drilling, in particular rotary percussion or percussion drilling, and lining holes in the ground or rocks, a hole (13) is percussion and/or rotation drilled by a cutter (1, 2, 3) mounted on boring rods (9) and a lining is formed by a jacket tube (5). During drilling, at least one jacket tube (5, 5') coupled to the cutter (1, 2) is drawn in the axial direction by the cutter (1, 2, 3) into the bore hole (13) and once drilling is finished, the cutter (3) is at least partially removed from the jacket tube (5, 5') together with the boring rods (9). In a device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, and lining holes in the ground or rocks, a cutter (1, 2, 3) mounted on boring rods (9) drills a bore hole by percussion and/or rotary drilling. The cutter (1, 2, 3) is divided in the radial direction. At least one jacket tube (5, 5') which surrounds the boring rods (9) is located at the end of the cutter (3) away from the drilling surface, around the outer circumference of the cutter (3), and is form-fittingly joined to the cutter (1) by at least one coupling element (6) so as to be drawn in the longitudinal direction of the bore hole (13).

Description

Ovaj izum odnosi se na postupak bušenja, posebice udarnog i okretno-udarnog bušenja u zemlji i kamenu, pri čemu udarnim i/ili okretno-udarnim djelovanjem bušilice učvršćene na vratilo nastaje bušotina i tvori se obloga bušotine pomoću zaštitne cijevi. Izum se dalje odnosi na uređaj za bušenjei oblaganje bušotina u zemlji i kamenu, pri čemu kruna bušilice učvršćena na vratilo udarnim ili okretno-udarnim djelovanjem tvori bušotinu. This invention relates to the drilling process, especially percussive and rotary-percussive drilling in soil and rock, whereby a well is created by the percussive and/or rotary-percussive action of a drill fixed on a shaft and the lining of the well is formed by means of a protective pipe. The invention further relates to a device for drilling and lining boreholes in soil and rock, whereby the drill bit fixed to the shaft forms a borehole by impact or rotary-impact action.

Takvi postupci i uređaji za bušenje, posebice za udarno i okretno-udarno bušenje, te oblaganje bušotina u zemlji i kamenu poznati su u različitim izvedbama. Pri takvim postupcima se uz pomoć krune bušilice izvodi bušotina koja se u danom slučaju proteže u velikim dužinama, pri čemu je bušotina izvedena udarnim ili okretno-udarnim bušenjem. Pri okretno-udarnom bušenju se, na pri tom uobičajen način, nakon svakog udarnog djelovanja bušilice, ista izmakne za neki izvjesni kut, da bi se ponovno ispravila napravom za izbijanje, pri čemu se naizmjeničnim izmicanjem krune bušilice u smjeru bušenja i povremenim udaranjem po površini u dodiru s krunom bušilice materijal sistematično izbija i mrvi. Da bi se izbjeglo osipanje materijala, u danom slučaju pri bušotini veće duljine, i/ili po završetku bušenja bušotina se oblagala uglavnom glatkom i ravnom oblogom, npr. primjenom odgovarajuće masivne zaštitne cijevi, pri čemu se udarno djelovanje prenosi na krunu bušilice i time zaštitna cijev zapravo čini dio uređaja za bušenje, odnosno pogonskog uređaja. Pri tome je razumljivo da u svrhu preuzimanja odgovarajuće udarne sile zaštitna cijev mora biti odgovarajuće mase i mora imati debele stijenke, iz čega proizlazi da se mora bušiti odgovarajuće veći presjek, koji uzima u obzir debljinu stijenke zaštitne cijevi. Such procedures and devices for drilling, especially for percussive and rotary-percussive drilling, as well as lining of boreholes in soil and rock, are known in different versions. In such procedures, a well is drilled with the help of a drill bit, which in a given case extends to large lengths, whereby the well is drilled by percussive or rotary-percussive drilling. In rotary-percussion drilling, in the usual way, after each impact of the drill, it slips by a certain angle, to be straightened again with a punching device, whereby the drill bit's crown alternately slips in the direction of drilling and occasionally hits the surface. in contact with the crown of the drill, the material systematically erupts and crumbles. In order to avoid spillage of material, in the case of a longer borehole, and/or after the completion of drilling, the borehole was covered with a mostly smooth and flat lining, e.g. by applying a suitable massive protective pipe, whereby the impact is transmitted to the drill bit crown and thus protected the pipe actually forms part of the drilling rig, i.e. the drive rig. It is understandable that in order to absorb the appropriate impact force, the protective pipe must be of adequate mass and have thick walls, from which it follows that a correspondingly larger section must be drilled, which takes into account the thickness of the wall of the protective pipe.

Takav presjek, uvećan za debljinu stijenke zaštitne cijevi, zahtijeva, posebice pri tvrdom kamenom materijalu, proporcionalno veći utrošak vremena da bi se bušenje izvelo, uz istovremenu primjenu odgovarajuće veće i masivnije krune bušilice. Such a cross-section, increased by the thickness of the wall of the protective pipe, requires, especially in the case of hard stone material, a proportionally greater expenditure of time to perform the drilling, with the simultaneous use of a correspondingly larger and more massive drill bit.

Umjesto umetanja zaštitne cijevi u svrhu preuzimanja udarnih sila, poznati su postupci pri kojima se pokušava vremenski zahtjevnijm postupcima u više stupnjeva odstraniti krunu bušilice nakon dogotovljavanja bušotine, te nakon toga unijeti u bušotinu obložnu ili zaštitnu cijev. Razumljivo je, da je takav postupak primjenjiv samo u slučajevima u kojima se mrvljenje materijala sa sigurnošću može isključiti, pri čemu je naravno potrebno bušiti s odgovarajuće uvećanim presjekom da bi se omogućilo naknadno umetanje obložne ili zaštitne cijevi. Da bi se moglo umetnuti takvu obložnu ili zaštitnu cijev veće dužine, ista mora imati relativno debele stijenke da bi sigurno unošenje bilo moguće.Također se, u takvom slučaju, mora primijeniti kruna bušilice relativno velikih dimenzija, prilagođena dimenzijama zaštitne cijevi. Instead of inserting a protective pipe in order to absorb impact forces, there are known procedures in which one tries to remove the crown of the drill in several stages after preparing the well, and then insert a casing or protective pipe into the well. It is understandable that such a procedure is applicable only in cases in which crushing of the material can be ruled out with certainty, where of course it is necessary to drill with an appropriately enlarged section to enable the subsequent insertion of a casing or protective pipe. In order to be able to insert such a casing or protective pipe of greater length, it must have relatively thick walls to make safe insertion possible. Also, in such a case, a drill bit of relatively large dimensions, adapted to the dimensions of the protective pipe, must be used.

Nakon umetanja obložne odnosno zaštitne cijevi, može se npr. umetnuti sidro u zaštitnu cijev, te dodatno, odnosno alternativno, unijeti neki brzovežući materijal za učvršćivanje okolnog materijala. Alternativno može takva obloga služiti za prihvat vodova i sl., ili biti primijenjena kao drenažna cijev sa perforacijama za odvod tekućine. After inserting the covering or protective pipe, for example, an anchor can be inserted into the protective pipe, and additionally, or alternatively, some quick-setting material can be introduced to strengthen the surrounding material. Alternatively, such a lining can be used to hold lines, etc., or be used as a drainage pipe with perforations for draining liquid.

Ovaj izum ima stoga za cilj, polazeći od postupka bušenja, posebice udarnog ili okretno-udarnog bušenja te oblaganja bušotina u zemlji ili kamenu, poboljšanje koje omogućuje brzo i jednostavno umetanje najmanje jedne zaštitne cijevi , praktično istovremeno s bušenjem. Slijedeća namjera je umetanje zaštitne cijevi, odnosno zaštitnih cijevi smanjenih dimenzija, posebice smanjene debljine stijenke u odnosu na postojeće izvedbe, da bi se dodatni trošak umetanja zaštitne(ih) cijevi sveo na minimum. Rješenje tog zadatka je u postupku opisanom izumom karakterizirano time da se pri bušenju, vučena krunom bušilice, u bušotinu aksijalno unosi barem jedna zaštitna cijev spojena na krunu bušilice, te da se po završetku bušenja kruna bušilice barem djelomično može odstraniti iz zaštitne cijevi zajedno s vratilom. Time što se, prema izumu, pri bušenju u bušotinu uvlači zaštitna cijev spojena na bušilicu isključivo aksijalno, osigurava se da se već neposredno pri bušenju obavlja oblaganje bušotine, čime se sa sigurnošću izbjegava trušenje materijala i time urušavanje bušotine. Time što se u bušotinu neposredno krunom bušilice unosi barem jedna zaštitna cijev, isključivo aksijalno uvlačena u bušotinu, omogućeno je da za oblogu dostaje tankostjena zaštitna cijev, budući da zaštitna cijev ne mora preuzimati nikakve sile, kako je to npr. bio slučaj u dosadašnjem stanju tehnike, gdje udarne sile djeluju na krunu bušilice preko odgovarajuće masivne zaštitne cijevi, koja mora biti dovoljno čvrsta da bi ih preuzela i pri tome, posebice kod rastresitog materijala, sigurno izbjegla lomove i smanjenje presjeka bušotine. Kako bi se po završetku bušenja omogućilo odstranjenje krune bušilice zajedno s vratilom bez pomicanja zaštitnih cijevi u bušotini izumom se predlaže da se kruna bušilice barem djelomično odstranjuje zajedno s vratilom iz zaštitne cijevi. U tu svrhu može se kruna bušilice podijeliti na centralni, unutarnji, dio i na vanjski dio koji prstenasto obuhvaća centralni, tako da se nakon odvajanja centralnog dijela, taj glavni sastavni dio krune bušilice može zajedno s vratilom odstraniti iz bušotine kroz unutrašnjost barem jedne zaštitne cijevi. This invention therefore aims, starting from the drilling process, in particular percussive or rotary-percussive drilling and lining of wells in the ground or stone, an improvement that enables quick and easy insertion of at least one protective pipe, practically simultaneously with drilling. The next intention is to insert protective pipes, i.e. protective pipes with reduced dimensions, especially reduced wall thickness compared to the existing designs, in order to reduce the additional cost of inserting the protective pipe(s) to a minimum. The solution to this task in the process described by the invention is characterized by the fact that during drilling, pulled by the drill bit, at least one protective tube connected to the drill bit is inserted axially into the borehole, and that after drilling, the drill bit can be at least partially removed from the protective pipe together with the shaft . By the fact that, according to the invention, the protective pipe connected to the drill is pulled into the borehole exclusively axially, it is ensured that the casing of the borehole is carried out immediately during drilling, which reliably avoids material decay and thus the collapse of the borehole. By introducing at least one protective tube directly into the borehole with the drill bit, exclusively axially drawn into the well, it is possible to have a thin-walled protective tube for the lining, since the protective tube does not have to absorb any forces, as was the case in the previous state, for example techniques, where the impact forces act on the drill bit via a suitable massive protective tube, which must be strong enough to take them and, especially with loose material, certainly avoid breakages and reduction of the borehole section. In order to enable removal of the drill crown together with the shaft after drilling without moving the protective pipes in the well, the invention proposes that the drill crown be at least partially removed together with the shaft from the protective pipe. For this purpose, the drill crown can be divided into a central, inner, part and an outer part that surrounds the central part in a ring, so that after separating the central part, that main component part of the drill crown can be removed from the well together with the shaft through the inside of at least one protective tube .

Da bi se pri okretanju krune bušilice osiguralo isključivo aksijalno, u smjeru bušenja, uvede(u) zaštitna(e) cijev(i) spojena(e) na krunu bušilice, predlaže se da kruna bušilice bude zakretna u odnosu na zaštitnu(e) cijev(i). In order to ensure that the protective tube(s) connected to the drill crown are introduced exclusively axially, in the direction of drilling, when rotating the drill bit, it is suggested that the drill bit be pivoted in relation to the protective tube(s) (and).

Prema posebno predloženom načinu izvedbe, postupak opisan izumom razvija se dalje tako da se nakon ostranjivanja vratila i centralnog dijela krune bušilice u zaštitnu(e) cijev(i) unosi sidro i/ili ispuna nekim otvrdnjujućim materijalom. According to a specially proposed method of execution, the process described by the invention is further developed so that after removing the shaft and the central part of the drill bit, an anchor and/or filling with some hardening material is introduced into the protective tube(s).

U svrhu jednostavnog iznošenja materijala izbijenog krunom bušilice, predlaže se unošenje rastresitog materijala u unutrašnjost zaštitne cijevi preko barem jednog otvora u području neposredno uz krunu bušilice, te odstranjivanje istog iz bušotine kroz slobodan prostor između vratila i zaštitne(ih) cijevi. Izbacivanjem otkopanog materijala kroz zaštitne cijevi, odnosno kroz prostor između zaštitne(ih) cijevi i vratila, može se još više smanjiti potreban presjek bušotine, tako da se vanjske mjere bušotine mogu zapravo svesti na vanjski promjer vanjske zaštitne cijevi ili ga minimalno prijeći. For the purpose of easy removal of the material knocked out by the drill bit, it is suggested to introduce the loose material into the protective pipe through at least one opening in the area immediately next to the drill bit, and remove it from the well through the free space between the shaft and the protective pipe(s). By ejecting the excavated material through the protective tubes, i.e. through the space between the protective tube(s) and the shaft, the necessary cross-section of the well can be reduced even more, so that the outer dimensions of the well can actually be reduced to the outer diameter of the outer protective tube or minimally exceed it.

Izumom opisan uređaj za bušenje, posebice za udarno ili okretno-udarno bušenje i oblaganje bušotina u zemlji ili kamenu, pri čemu kruna bušilice učvršćena na vratilo izrađuje bušotinu udarnim i/ili okretno-udarnim djelovanjem, karakterističan je po tome što je kruna bušilice podijeljena u radijalne segmente, te što je, na strani krune bušilice suprotnoj od površine kopanja, na vanjski rub krune bušilice preko barem jednog spojnog elementa svrsishodno spojena s krunom bušilice najmanje jedna zaštitna cijev koja okružuje vratilo i koju se u bušotinu unosi aksijalnim uvlačenjem. Time što je kruna bušilice podijeljena u radijalne odjeljke može se, po završetku bušenja, kruna bušilice zajedno s vratilom odstraniti kroz zaštitnu cijev, ako se barem jedna zaštitna cijev izravno pri bušenju uvlači uzduž bušotine i nakon završetka bušenja ostaje u bušotini. Kako bi se, pri rotacionom gibanju krune bušilice, osiguralo da zaštitna(e) cijev(i) učvršćena(e) na vanjski rub krune bušilice prodire(u) isključivo aksijalno u bušotinu, predlaže se da kruna bušilice bude preko rotacionog spojnog elementa spojena sa zaštitnom (im) cijevi(ma). The drilling device described by the invention, in particular for percussive or rotary-percussive drilling and casing of wells in the ground or stone, where the drill bit fixed to the shaft creates a well by percussive and/or rotary-percussive action, is characterized by the fact that the drill bit is divided into radial segments, and that, on the side of the drill bit opposite to the digging surface, on the outer edge of the drill bit via at least one connecting element, at least one protective tube that surrounds the shaft and is introduced into the well by axial insertion is purposefully connected to the drill bit. Since the drill bit is divided into radial sections, the drill bit can be removed together with the shaft through the protective tube after drilling, if at least one protective tube is pulled directly along the borehole during drilling and remains in the borehole after drilling. In order to ensure, during the rotary movement of the drill bit, that the protective tube(s) fixed to the outer edge of the drill bit only penetrates axially into the borehole, it is suggested that the drill bit be connected via a rotary connecting element to protective pipe(s).

U svrhu izvedbe jednostavnog spoja krune bušilice i zaštitne cijevi vučene tijekom bušenja aksijalno krunom bušilice, predlaže se da spoj ni elementi budu sačinjeni od dijelova sa utorima obujma krune bušilice i zaštitne cijevi, sa podešenom komplementarnom profilacijom sa profiliranim prstenastim međučlanom. Pomoću takvih dijelova sa utorima, koji mogu biti izvedeni u vidu stepenastih istaka i komplementarnih udubina, omogućuje se sigurno unošenje tankostjenih zaštitnih cijevi tijekom bušenja. For the purpose of performing a simple connection of the drill bit and protective pipe pulled axially during drilling by the drill bit, it is suggested that the connection and elements be made of parts with grooves in the volume of the drill bit and protective pipe, with an adjusted complementary profiling with a profiled annular intermediate member. With the help of such parts with slots, which can be made in the form of stepped protrusions and complementary recesses, it is possible to safely introduce thin-walled protective pipes during drilling.

Alternativno se predlaže, u svrhu jednostavnog spajanja krune bušilice i zaštitne(ih) cijevi vučene(ih) pri bušenju krunom bušilice, da se spoj ni elementi sastoje od većeg broja kuglica, koje su smještene u utorima polukružnog presjeka na kruni bušilice i odgovarajućim utorima na spojnom elementu zaštitne(ih) cijevi. Primjenom kuglica koje su poredane u odgovarajućim utorimama na kruni bušilice i zaštitnoj (im) cijevi(ma), omogućuje se jednostavan spoj krune bušilice i zaštitne(ih) cijevi u vidu kugličnog ležaja, čime se postiže zakretanje barem jedne zaštitne cijevi u odnosu na krunu bušilice pri okretnom i/ili okretno-udarnom bušenju. Prema posebnom načinu izvedbe predviđa se da spoj ni element najmanje jedne zaštitne cijevi i/ili spojni dio krune bušilice bude izveden od metala, plastike ili prevučene kovine. Pri tom se kod primjene kuglica od metala ili plastike može postići podudarnost pojedinih materijala, kako spojnih elemenata, tako i spojnih dijelova s utorima zaštitne(ih) cijevi, odnosno završnog dijela krune bušilice. Razvidno je da se, u svrhu lakšeg gibanja kuglica, u utore spojnih elemenata može unijeti i mazivo, kao npr. ulje. Alternatively, it is proposed, for the purpose of simple connection of the drill bit and the protective pipe(s) pulled when drilling with the drill bit, that the connection and elements consist of a larger number of balls, which are located in the semicircular grooves on the drill bit and corresponding grooves on the drill bit. connecting element of protective pipe(s). By applying the balls that are arranged in the corresponding grooves on the drill crown and the protective tube(s), a simple connection of the drill crown and the protective tube(s) is possible in the form of a ball bearing, which achieves the rotation of at least one protective tube in relation to the crown drills for rotary and/or rotary-percussion drilling. According to the special method of execution, it is foreseen that the joint and element of at least one protective tube and/or the connecting part of the drill crown should be made of metal, plastic or coated metal. At the same time, when using balls made of metal or plastic, it is possible to achieve the matching of individual materials, both connecting elements and connecting parts with the grooves of the protective tube(s), that is, the final part of the drill crown. It is clear that, for the purpose of easier movement of the balls, a lubricant, such as oil, can be introduced into the grooves of the connecting elements.

Da bi se izbjeglo deformiranje tankostjene zaštitne cijevi uslijed djelovanja sila koje se pri uvlačenju prenose sa krune bušilice i dovode do deformacije zaštitne cijevi, predlaže se da spojni elementi između krune bušilice i zaštitne(ih) cijevi budu barem djelomično izvedeni od nekog materijala koji prigušuje udare ili da budu presvučeni takvim materijalom, kako to odgovara daljnjem predloženom načinu izvedbe uređaja opisanog izumom. In order to avoid the deformation of the thin-walled protective pipe due to the action of the forces that are transferred from the drill bit during retraction and lead to the deformation of the protective pipe, it is suggested that the connecting elements between the drill bit and the protective pipe(s) are at least partially made of some shock-absorbing material or to be coated with such a material, as it corresponds to the further proposed way of performing the device described by the invention.

U svrhu jednostavnog iznošenja šute kroz prostor izneđu unutrašnjosti zaštitne cijevi i vratila, čime se osigurava odgovarajuće mali presjek bušotine, koji se u biti svodi na vanjski promjer vanjske zaštitne cijevi, predlaže se da zaštitna(e) cijev(i) u svom završnom dijelu koji se veže na krunu bušilice ima(ju) barem jedan otvor, posebice više ravnomjerno raspoređenih rupa ili proreza na vanjskom plastu cijevi. In order to easily carry the cuttings through the outer space of the inside of the protective pipe and shaft, thus ensuring a suitably small borehole section, which is essentially reduced to the outer diameter of the outer protective pipe, it is suggested that the protective pipe(s) in its final part which is attached to the crown of the drill has at least one opening, especially several evenly spaced holes or slits on the outer layer of the pipe.

Kako je gore naznačeno, zaštitne cijevi ne moraju služiti samo za naknadno unošenje sidra i time biti primijenjene za usidrenje raznih objekata, već se može npr. predvidjeti izvođenje drenaže kroz zaštitne cijevi u bušotini. U tu svrhu, izumom se predlaže raspoređivanje perforacija u ravnomjernim razmacima po cijeloj dužini plašta cijevi. As indicated above, protective pipes do not have to serve only for the subsequent introduction of anchors and thus be used for anchoring various objects, but it is possible, for example, to provide drainage through protective pipes in the well. For this purpose, the invention proposes the arrangement of perforations at equal intervals along the entire length of the pipe jacket.

Da bi se omogućilo jednostavno iznošenje centralnog dijela krune bušilice po završetku bušenja, predlaže se da se kruna bušilice sastoji iz centralnog unutarnjeg dijela, te vanjskog dijela, koji imaju zajednički pogon, ali su odvojivi, pri čemu je centralni dio krune bušilice neznatno manjeg promjera od unutarnjeg promjera untarnje zaštitne cijevi. In order to enable easy removal of the central part of the drill bit after drilling, it is proposed that the drill bit consists of a central inner part and an outer part, which have a common drive, but are separable, with the central part of the drill bit having a slightly smaller diameter than of the inner diameter of the inner protective tube.

Kako je već više puta spomenuto, na temelju činjenice da se zaštitna cijev unosi izravno pomoću krune bušilice aksijalno pri bušenju, nepotrebno je predviđati presjek bušotine uvećan za vanjski promjer zaštitne, odnosno obložne cijevi, kako je to prema stanju tehnike bilo potrebno, posebice pri naknadnom unošenju zaštitne cijevi. Stoga je dovoljno da vanjski promjer zaštitne cijevi odgovara vanjskom promjeru krune bušilice. As has already been mentioned several times, based on the fact that the protective pipe is inserted directly by means of the drill bit axially during drilling, it is unnecessary to foresee the section of the borehole increased by the outer diameter of the protective or casing pipe, as it was necessary according to the state of the art, especially during the subsequent introducing a protective pipe. It is therefore sufficient that the outer diameter of the protective tube corresponds to the outer diameter of the drill bit.

Budući da se zaštitne cijevi primijenjene u okviru izuma moraju oduprijeti jedino upadajućoj šuti i ne moraju preuzimati odnosno prenositi nikakve sile, npr. udarne sile pri okretno-udarnom bušenju, dostatne su odgovarajuće tankostjene cijevi. U tom kontekstu izumom se predlaže da debljina stijenki zaštitne(ih) cijevi bude 1 do 3 mm, posebice oko 2 mm, tako da je nedvojbeno jasno da se zaštitnim cijevima cijela površina za bušenje sasvim neznatno uvećava, čime se postiže zadovoljavajući rezultat uz odgovarajuće mali utrošak materijala i samim time malu masu zaštitne(ih) cijevi. Since the protective pipes used in the scope of the invention must resist only the falling debris and do not have to absorb or transmit any forces, for example impact forces during rotary-percussion drilling, suitable thin-walled pipes are sufficient. In this context, the invention proposes that the thickness of the walls of the protective pipe(s) should be 1 to 3 mm, especially around 2 mm, so that it is undoubtedly clear that the entire drilling surface is slightly increased with the protective pipes, which achieves a satisfactory result with a correspondingly small consumption of material and therefore a small mass of protective pipe(s).

Prema posebnom načinu izvedbe predviđeno je da zaštitna(e) cjev(i) budu izvedene od metala ili plastike, čime je moguća vrlo laka prilagodba na uvjete okoline, posebice na zemlju ili kamen u kojem se treba izvesti bušotina. Zaštitna cijev od metala pokazuje visoku mehaničku čvrstoću. Kod ove izvedbe može biti loše to, što pri rastresitom tlu može doći do oštećenja cijevi u vidu preloma ili suženja presjeka zaštitne cijevi, što može otežati ili potpuno spriječiti iznošenje krune bušilice, tako da naknadno unošenje sidra više nije moguće. U takvim slučajevima rastresitog tla pokazuje se kao prednost primjena plastičnih cijevi koje posjeduju izvjesnu fleksibilnost Plastična cijev, pri povremenim promjenama presjeka uslijed daljnjeg djelovanja krune bušilice, vraća se u prvotni oblik i omogućuje po završetku bušenja neometano iznošenje krune bušilice te neometano unošenje sidra. Kod primjene plastičnih zaštitnih cijevi u prednosti je primjena spojnih elemenata u vidu kugličnog ležaja da bi se postigla neometana, slobodna zakretljivost između krune bušilice i zaštitne cijevi. According to the special method of execution, it is envisaged that the protective pipe(s) will be made of metal or plastic, which allows very easy adaptation to the environmental conditions, especially to the soil or rock in which the well is to be drilled. The protective tube made of metal shows high mechanical strength. With this design, it can be bad that in case of loose soil, damage to the pipe can occur in the form of a fracture or a narrowing of the section of the protective pipe, which can make it difficult or completely prevent the removal of the drill bit, so that subsequent introduction of the anchor is no longer possible. In such cases of loose soil, the use of plastic pipes that have a certain flexibility proves to be an advantage. The plastic pipe, with occasional changes in cross-section due to further action of the drill bit, returns to its original shape and enables the unhindered removal of the drill bit and the unhindered introduction of the anchor after drilling. When using plastic protective tubes, it is advantageous to use connecting elements in the form of ball bearings in order to achieve unhindered, free rotation between the drill crown and the protective tube.

Da bi se u rastresitom tlu, u kojemu se materijal lako trusi i time sile trenja koje djeluju na zaštitnu cijev postaju posebno velike, te sile koliko je moguće svele na minimum, izumom se predviđa da dvije zaštitne cijevi budu koncentrično postavljene, te da su u međuprostoru između cijevi raspoređeni graničnici odnosno odstojnici koji drže cijevi u stalnom razmaku. Time što su dvije zaštitne cijevi koncentrične i držane na stalnom razmaku, može se sa sigurnošću izbjeći oštećenje vratila u slučaju oštećenja, odnosno uništenja jedne od cijevi uslijed prekomjernog upadanja šute. Istovremeno je moguće izvođenje oblaganja bušotine samo jednom od koncentričnih zaštitnih cijevi vučenom krunom bušilice, pri čemu bušotina ne zadržava konstantni presjek po cijeloj dužini. Takvim promjenjivim promjerom obloge bušotine sila trenja koja djeluje na zaštitne cijevi svodi se na minimum, posebice u područjima s manjim promjerom obloge. In order to minimize these forces as much as possible in loose soil, where the material crumbles easily and thus the frictional forces acting on the protective pipe become particularly large, the invention envisages that two protective pipes be placed concentrically, and that in spacers placed in the space between the pipes, which keep the pipes at a constant distance. Since the two protective pipes are concentric and kept at a constant distance, damage to the shaft can be safely avoided in case of damage or destruction of one of the pipes due to excessive intrusion of debris. At the same time, it is possible to cover the borehole with only one of the concentric protective tubes pulled by the drill crown, whereby the borehole does not maintain a constant section along its entire length. With such a variable diameter of the well casing, the frictional force acting on the protective pipes is reduced to a minimum, especially in areas with a smaller casing diameter.

Da bi se osiguralo teleskopsko unošenje, odnosno pojedinačno unošenje obiju koncentričnih zaštitnih cijevi, izumom je predviđeno da je barem vanjska zaštitna cijev izvedena u više dijelova te daje u području najmanje jednog spoja sa susjednim odsječkom cijevi rastavljivo spojena s unutarnjom cijevi preko barem jednog relativnom rotacijom razdvojivog spoja, posebice bajunetnog zatvarača. Višedijelnom izvedbom vanjske zaštitne cijevi i razdvojivim spojem susjednih odjeljaka iste, moguće je povući, nakon otpuštanja zatvarača, jedan od dvaju susjednih odjeljaka, pri čemu drugi ostaje na svom mjestu te se time dobiva obloga bušotine promjenjivog presjeka. In order to ensure telescopic insertion, i.e. individual insertion of both concentric protective tubes, the invention provides that at least the outer protective tube is made in several parts and that in the area of at least one connection with the adjacent section of the tube, it is releasably connected to the inner tube via at least one separable by relative rotation connection, especially the bayonet bolt. With the multi-part design of the outer protective tube and the separable connection of its adjacent sections, it is possible to pull one of the two adjacent sections after releasing the closure, while the other remains in place, thus obtaining a variable-section well casing.

Kako bi se osiguralo cjelovito oblaganje bušotine te ciljano vođenje unutarnje ili vanjske zaštitne cijevi, izumom opisan uređaj tako je izveden, da koncentrično postavljene zaštitne cijevi imaju među sobom postavljene odstojnike, uvijek u prstenastom prostoru, barem na jednom kraju cijevi, a u području spojnog elementa, posebice spojke unutarnjih cijevi, postavljeni su vodeći elementi i elementi za odvajanje vanjskih elemenata zaštitnih cijevi, koji se nastavljaju jedni na druge. Time što koncentrično postavljene zaštitne cijevi imaju na barem jednom kraju odstojnike u prstenastom prostoru između cijevi, sa sigurnošću je izbjegnuto ispadanje unutarnje, odnosno vanjske cijevi te je dalje moguće, posredstvom spojnog elementa koji sadrži vodeće i odvajajuće elemente sigurno vođenje određene unutarnje, odnosno vanjske cijevi. In order to ensure complete casing of the well and targeted guidance of the internal or external protective pipe, the device described by the invention is designed in such a way that the concentrically placed protective pipes have spacers placed between them, always in the annular space, at least at one end of the pipe, and in the area of the connecting element, especially the couplings of the inner pipes, the guiding elements and the elements for separating the outer elements of the protective pipes, which continue on each other, are placed. By the fact that the concentrically placed protective pipes have at least one end spacers in the annular space between the pipes, falling out of the inner or outer pipe is safely avoided, and it is further possible, by means of a connecting element that contains leading and separating elements, to safely guide a certain inner or outer pipe .

Da bi se u prstenastom prostoru stvorenom zaštitnim cijevima osigurao odmak unutarnjeg dijela krune bušilice, predviđeno je da koncentrično postavljene zaštitne cijevi bude moguće priključiti na vanjski dio krune bušilice. Pri tome je barem vanjska zaštitna cijev fiksirana na krunu bušilice, tako da se u području krune bušilice omogućava sigurno vođenje barem vanjske zaštitne cijevi. In order to ensure the offset of the inner part of the drill bit in the annular space created by the protective tubes, it is envisaged that the concentrically placed protective tubes can be connected to the outer part of the drill bit. At the same time, at least the outer protective tube is fixed to the drill crown, so that safe guidance of at least the outer protective tube is possible in the area of the drill crown.

Izum je detaljnije objašnjen shematski prikazanim izvedbenim primjerima na priloženim crtežima. Isti prikazuju: The invention is explained in more detail with the schematic examples shown in the attached drawings. They show:

Sl.1: Bokocrt sa djelomičnim presjekom prvog oblika izvedbe uređaja za izvedbu postupka opisanog izumom; Fig. 1: Side view with a partial section of the first embodiment of the device for performing the procedure described by the invention;

Sl. 2: Pogled u smjeru strelice II na sl. 1 na krunu uređaja opisanog izumom; Sl. 2: View in the direction of arrow II in Fig. 1 on the crown of the device described by the invention;

Sl. 3: Bokocrt većeg dijela uređaja, djelomično u presjeku i u uvećanom mjerilu u odnosu na prikaz prema sl. 1, nakon odstranjivanja centralnog dijela krune bušilice i vratila; Sl. 3: Side view of the larger part of the device, partially in section and on an enlarged scale compared to the view according to Fig. 1, after removing the central part of the drill crown and shaft;

Sl. 4: Bokocrt, djelomično u presjeku, bušotine izvedene uređajem opisanim izumom s umetnutim sidrom; Sl. 4: Side view, partially in cross-section, of wells made with the device described by the invention with an inserted anchor;

Sl. 5: Izmijenjenu drugu izvedbu uređaja sa slike 1; Sl. 5: Modified second embodiment of the device from Figure 1;

Sl. 6: Pogled u smjeru strelice VI na si. 5 na krunu bušilice druge izvedbe uređaja; Sl. 6: View in the direction of arrow VI on si. 5 on the crown of the drill of the second version of the device;

Sl. 7: Sličan prikaz izmijenjene izvedbe uređaja opisanog izumom za izvedbu postupka opisanog izumom; te Sl. 7: Similar representation of a modified version of the device described by the invention for performing the method described by the invention; you

Sl. 8: Shematski prikaz unutarnje i vanjske zaštitne cijevi. Sl. 8: Schematic view of the inner and outer protective tube.

Na sl.8a prikazani su prvi odsječci zaštitne cijevi sklopljeni, gledani u smjeru krune bušilice. Na sl.8b prikazani su prvi i drugi unutrašnji i vanjski odsječci zaštitnih cijevi gledani od krune bušilice u sklopljenom položaju. Na sl.8c prikazani su isti odsječci kao na sl. 8b djelomično izvučeni. Na sl. 8d prikazani su ti isti odsječci potpuno izvučeni. Na si. 1 i 2 označena je općenito s 1 kruna bušilice koja se sastoji iz centralnog dijela, tzv. pilot-krune 2, i prstenaste krune 3 koja obuhvaća pilot-krunu 2. Na prednjoj čelnoj površini pilot-krune 2 i prstenaste krune 3 za kopanje tvrdog materijala predviđeni su već poznati uobičajeni alati za kopanje kao npr. polukuglasti nastavci za tvrde materijale 4. Na strani krune bušilice suprotnoj od površine kopanja spojena je s krunom bušilice 1 zaštitna cijev relativno tanke stijenke od npr. 2 mm, pri čemu je u svrhu spajanja upotrebljen profilirani prstenasti međučlan 6 koji stepenastim izdancima 7 zahvaća u odgovarajuća udubljenja u području prstenaste krune 3 i prednjeg dijela vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5. Figure 8a shows the first sections of the protective tube assembled, viewed in the direction of the drill bit. Fig. 8b shows the first and second inner and outer sections of the protective tubes viewed from the crown of the drill in the folded position. Fig. 8c shows the same sections as in Fig. 8b, partially drawn. Fig. 8d shows these same sections completely drawn out. You're on. 1 and 2 is marked generally with 1 crown of the drill, which consists of the central part, the so-called pilot-crown 2, and ring-shaped crown 3 which includes pilot-crown 2. On the front face of pilot-crown 2 and ring-shaped crown 3 for digging hard material already known common digging tools such as hemispherical attachments for hard materials 4 are provided. On the side of the drill bit opposite to the digging surface, a protective tube with a relatively thin wall of e.g. 2 mm is connected to the drill bit 1, and for the purpose of connection, a profiled annular intermediate member 6 is used, which engages with stepped protrusions 7 in the corresponding depressions in the area of the ring bit 3 and of the front part of the outer protective tube 5.

Uvučena unutarnja zaštitna cijev 5’ ima na svom gornjem krajnjem rubu odstojnik 29 koji naliježe tijesno na vanjsku zaštitnu cijev 5. Preko spoja 6 ostvaruje se uvlačenje vanjske zaštitne cijevi u smjeru bušenja označenog strelicom 8, dok kruna bušilice 1 u odnosu na zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’ rotira. Time je vidljivo da su zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’, koje mogu biti odgovarajuće tankostjene izvedbe, vodene krunom bušilice 1, pri čemu zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’ obuhvaćaju shematski naznačeno vratilo 9, tvoreći slobodan prostor 10. The retracted inner protective tube 5' has a spacer 29 on its upper end edge that rests closely on the outer protective tube 5. Through the connection 6, the outer protective tube is retracted in the direction of drilling indicated by the arrow 8, while the crown of the drill 1 in relation to the protective tubes 5 and 5' rotates. This shows that the protective tubes 5 and 5', which can be of suitable thin-walled design, are guided by the crown of the drill 1, whereby the protective tubes 5 and 5' encompass the schematically indicated shaft 9, forming a free space 10.

Iz sl. 1 vidljivo je da zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’ imaju u svom prednjem dijelu veći broj proreza 11 raspoređenih po plastu, koji se u sklopljenom stanju prekrivaju, te kroz koje u smjeru strelice 12 upada šuta u slobodan prostor između vratila 9 i zaštitnih cijevi 5 i 5’ koja se u nastavku izbacuje iz bušotine. Pri tome vratilo 9 može biti izvedeno u vidu cijevi kroz koju se uvodi plinovito ili tekuće sredstvo za ispiranje koje se ubrizgava u krunu bušilice 1 i proreze 11. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the protective pipes 5 and 5' have in their front part a large number of slits 11 distributed throughout the layer, which overlap in the folded state, and through which, in the direction of the arrow 12, rubble falls into the free space between the shaft 9 and the protective pipes 5 and 5', which is subsequently ejected from the well. At the same time, the shaft 9 can be made in the form of a tube through which a gaseous or liquid flushing agent is introduced, which is injected into the crown of the drill 1 and the slots 11.

Vanjska kontura bušotine na slici 1 i 2 označena je pozicijom 13. Razvidno je daje zbog primjene odgovarajućih tankostjenih zaštitnih cijevi 5 i 5’, koje su tokom bušenja izložene iskljčivo vučenju krunom bušilice 1 uzduž bušotine, moguće promjer bušotine 13 svesti na minimum. Nakon izvođenja bušotine 13 pilot-kruna 2, čiji je presjek po mogućnosti različit od kružnice, odvaja se od prstenaste krune 3 i izvlači zajedno s vratilom 9 kroz zaštitnu cijev 5’ tako da cjelokupna unutrašnjost zaštitne cijevi 5’ služi za npr. unošenje sidra ili nekog punila. The outer contour of the borehole in Figure 1 and 2 is marked with position 13. It can be seen that due to the application of appropriate thin-walled protective pipes 5 and 5', which during drilling are exposed exclusively to the pulling of the drill bit 1 along the borehole, it is possible to reduce the diameter of the borehole 13 to a minimum. After drilling the well 13, the pilot crown 2, whose cross-section is preferably different from a circle, is separated from the ring crown 3 and pulled out together with the shaft 9 through the protective tube 5' so that the entire interior of the protective tube 5' is used for, for example, introducing an anchor or some filler.

Na sl. 3 prikazanje veći odsječak, pri čemu je vidljivo daje pilot-kruna, odn. srednji dio 2 već odstranjen zajedno s vratilom, tako da u bušotini 13 ostaju samo zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’ kao i prstenasta kruna 3. Iz sl. 3 dalje je vidljivo da je pored spojke 6 između krune bušilice, odn. preostale prstenaste krune 3 i cijevi 5 na prednjem odsječku na krunu bušilice učvršćen odgovarajući spojni element 14. Preko otvora 11 u prednjem odsječku može se npr. unijeti masa za ispunu u prednji dio bušotine 13 u svrhu sidrenja, kao i u slobodan prostor između ruba bušotine 13 i vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5. U nastavku su prikazani uzdužni odsječci koji na svojim krajevima imaju istake 31 i 32 koje su međusobno spojene spojkom 30 koja spaja dva odsječka vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5. Fig. 3 shows a larger section, where it is visible that the pilot-crown, or the middle part 2 has already been removed together with the shaft, so that only the protective pipes 5 and 5' and the annular crown 3 remain in the well 13. From Fig. 3 it is further evident that next to the coupling 6 between the drill crown, or the remaining annular crown 3 and pipe 5 on the front section of the drill crown, a corresponding connecting element 14 is fixed. Through the opening 11 in the front section, for example, filling mass can be introduced into the front part of the well 13 for the purpose of anchoring, as well as into the free space between the edge of the well 13 and outer protective tubes 5. Below are shown the longitudinal sections that have protrusions 31 and 32 at their ends, which are connected to each other by a coupling 30 that connects two sections of the outer protective tube 5.

Na sl. 4 prikazana je izvedba u kojoj je moguće, nakon odstranjivanja vratila, u shematski prikazane zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’, unijeti odnosno uvrnuti shematski prikazano sidro 15, pri čemu je sidro 15 u svom slobodno ležećem dijelu dodatno poduprto odn. pritegnuto. Pri tome se, prilikom unošenja sidra 15 u cijevi 5 i 5’, može unijeti i neko punilo u svrhu boljeg sidrenja zaostale prstenaste krune 3. Fig. 4 shows the version in which it is possible, after removing the shaft, to insert or screw the schematically shown anchor 15 into the schematically shown protective pipes 5 and 5', whereby the anchor 15 is additionally supported in its free-lying part or tightened. At the same time, when introducing the anchor 15 into the pipes 5 and 5', some filler can also be introduced for the purpose of better anchoring the residual ring crown 3.

Na sl. 5 i 6 prikazana je izmijenjena varijanta, slična prikazu na sl. 1 i 2, u kojoj je također s 5 označena zaštitna cijev, neposredno učvršćena na vanjski rub prstenaste krune 17, u kojoj pilot-kruna 19 ima sječiva 18. U ovoj izvedbi učvršćenje na prstenastu krunu 17 izvedeno je preko odgovarajuće uvučenih odn. stepeničasto odrezanih dijelova na prstenastoj kruni 17, kao i na kraju zaštitne cijevi 5 okrenutom kruni bušilice 1, pri čemu su odgovarajuće profilacije označene pozicijama 20 i 21. Unutarnja cijev označena je pozicijom 5’, a njezin odstojnik pozicijom 29. Vratilo spojeno na krunu bušilice 1 označeno je pozicijom 22. Pri ovoj izvedbi se također može unijeti sidro i/ili izvesti ispuna nekim otvdnjavajućim materijalom, posebice cementnim mlijekom. Figs. 5 and 6 show a modified variant, similar to the view in Figs. 1 and 2, in which the protective tube, also marked with 5, is directly attached to the outer edge of the ring crown 17, in which the pilot crown 19 has blades 18. in this version, the fastening to the ring crown 17 is carried out via correspondingly indented or stepped cut parts on the ring crown 17, as well as on the end of the protective tube 5 facing the drill crown 1, where the corresponding profiles are marked with positions 20 and 21. The inner tube is marked with position 5', and its spacer with position 29. The shaft is connected to the drill crown 1 is marked with position 22. In this version, an anchor can also be inserted and/or filled with some hardening material, especially cement milk.

Umjesto unošenja sidra u bušotinu 13 obloženu cijevima 5 i 5’ bušotina 13 može služiti npr. za odvodnjavanje odnosno drenažu pri čemu treba predvidjeti ravnomjerno raspoređene perforacije odnosno proreze uzduž plašteva cijevi 5 i 5’. Instead of introducing an anchor into the borehole 13 lined with pipes 5 and 5', the borehole 13 can be used, for example, for dewatering or drainage, where evenly spaced perforations or slits should be provided along the casing of the pipes 5 and 5'.

U izvedbi prikazanoj na sl.7 označena je ponovno s 1 višedijelna kruna bušilice s nastavcima za tvrde materijale 4 pri čemu su zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’, vučene krunom bušilice 1, označene s 5 i 5’. Dok u prethodnim izvedbama zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’ mogu primjerice biti izrađene iz metala u izvedbi prikazanoj na sl. 7 zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’, kao i odstojnik 29, mogu biti izrađeni od plastičnih materijala. In the version shown in Fig. 7, the multi-part crown of the drill with attachments for hard materials 4 is marked again with 1, and the protective pipes 5 and 5', pulled by the crown of the drill 1, are marked with 5 and 5'. While in the previous versions the protective tubes 5 and 5' can for example be made of metal in the version shown in Fig. 7 the protective tubes 5 and 5', as well as the spacer 29, can be made of plastic materials.

Spoj na krunu bušilice 1 izveden je posredstvom većeg broja spojnih elemenata u vidu kuglica 23 koje se nalaze u kanalima 24 polukružnog presjeka na na poleđini krune bušilice 1 i odgovarajućim polukružnim kanalima 25 na priključku 26 pri čemu je priključak 26 neposredno spojen na plastičnu zaštitnu cijev 5. Kuglice 23, koje čine spojne elemente između krune bušilice 1 i zaštitne cijevi 5, ostvaruju spoj u vidu kuličnog ležaja čime je omogućeno slobodno zakretanje zaštitne cijevi 5 u odnosu na krunu bušilice 1 pri okretnom ili okretno-udarnom bušenju. Kako plastična zaštitna cijev 5 ima veliku fleksibilnost na nju su, u području neposredno uz krunu bušilice 1, postavljene unutarnja potporna cijev 27 i vanjska potporna cijev 28 između kojih je zaštitna cijev 5 učvršćena odnosno stisnuta neposredno na priključak 26. Potporne cijevi 27 i 28 mogu biti izrađene iz metala. The connection to the crown of the drill 1 is made by means of a number of connecting elements in the form of balls 23 which are located in the channels 24 of semicircular section on the back of the crown of the drill 1 and corresponding semicircular channels 25 on the connection 26, whereby the connection 26 is directly connected to the plastic protective tube 5 The balls 23, which form the connecting elements between the drill crown 1 and the protective tube 5, achieve a connection in the form of a ball bearing, which enables free rotation of the protective tube 5 in relation to the drill crown 1 during rotary or rotary-percussion drilling. As the plastic protective tube 5 has great flexibility, an inner support tube 27 and an outer support tube 28 are placed on it, in the area immediately next to the crown of the drill 1, between which the protective tube 5 is fixed or pressed directly to the connection 26. The support tubes 27 and 28 can be made of metal.

U svrhu prilagodbe svojstava materijala kuglica 23, koje mogu biti izrađene iz metala ili plastičnih materijala, površinama odn. elementima ležaja u području udubljen]a 24 i 25, priključak 26 kao i nastavak krune bušilice 1 mogu biti izrađeni iz metala ili plastičnih materijala, ili presvučeni odgovarajućim materijalom. Na sl.8 prikazane su shematski unutarnja i vanjska zaštitna cijev 5’ i 5, tj. kako mogu pri bušenju u kamenu odnosno zemlji biti uvučene jedna u drugu ili vučene kližući jedna po drugoj. Sl. 8a prikazuje prve odsječke zaštitne cijevi 5 odnosno zaštitne cijevi 5’ u sklopljenom položaju, tj. u položaju na početku bušenja gledano u smjeru krune bušilice 1. For the purpose of adjusting the material properties of the balls 23, which can be made of metal or plastic materials, surfaces or bearing elements in the area of recesses 24 and 25, connection 26 as well as the extension of the drill crown 1 can be made of metal or plastic materials, or coated with a suitable material. Fig. 8 shows schematically the inner and outer protective tubes 5' and 5, i.e. how they can be pulled into each other or pulled sliding on each other when drilling in rock or earth. Sl. 8a shows the first sections of the protective pipe 5, i.e. the protective pipe 5' in the folded position, i.e. in the position at the beginning of drilling viewed in the direction of the drill bit 1.

Dio vanjske cijevi 5 ima na svom prednjem kraju shematski prikazan međučlan 6, koji je namijenjen pričvršćenju vanjskog odsječka zaštitne cijevi 5 na krunu bušilice 1 pri čemu je smjer bušenja označen strelicom 33. Na svom kraju suprotnom od krune bušilice 1 vanjska zaštitna cijev 5 ima izdanak 34 koji je klizno oslonjen na unutarnju zaštitnu cijev 5’. Analogno tome predviđen je na kraju unutarnje zaštitne cijevi 5’, bliže kruni bušilice 1 izdanak 29, koji uzajamno djeluje s izdankom 34 na vanjskoj zaštitnoj cijevi 5. Part of the outer tube 5 has, at its front end, an intermediate member 6 shown schematically, which is intended for attaching the outer section of the protective tube 5 to the drill bit 1, where the drilling direction is indicated by an arrow 33. At its end opposite to the drill bit 1, the outer protective tube 5 has a protrusion 34 which is slidably supported on the inner protective tube 5'. Similarly, at the end of the inner protective tube 5', closer to the crown of the drill 1, a spur 29 is provided, which interacts with the spur 34 on the outer protective tube 5.

N sl.8b shematski su prikazani prvi odsječci vanjske i unutarnje zaštitne cijevi 5 odnosno 5’ pri čemu, ponovno gledano u smjeru prema kruni bušilice 1, prvi odsječak zaštitne cijevi 5 ima na svom kraju suprotnom od krune bušilice 1 izdanak 34, koji u izvučenom položaju uzajamno djeluje s izdankom 29 zaštitne cijevi 5’. Dvije prikazane zaštitne cijevi 5 i 5’ nisu međusobno spojene, već su spojene preko spojke 30, koja čvrsto veže obje untarnje zaštitne cijevi 5’. Za taj spoj predviđeni su na susjednim krajevima odsječaka vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5 izdanci 31 i 32, koji ulaze u odgovarajuće udubine na spojci 30. Tako su u sklopljenom položaju odsječci vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5, kao i unutarnje zaštitne cijevi 5’ čvrsto međusobno povezani spojkom 30. Fig. 8b schematically shows the first sections of the outer and inner protective tube 5 and 5', respectively, where, again viewed in the direction towards the drill bit 1, the first section of the protective tube 5 has a protrusion 34 at its end opposite the drill bit 1, which in the pulled out position interacts with the branch 29 of the protective tube 5'. The two shown protective tubes 5 and 5' are not connected to each other, but are connected via a coupling 30, which firmly binds both inner protective tubes 5'. For this connection, protrusions 31 and 32 are provided at the adjacent ends of the sections of the outer protective tube 5, which enter the corresponding recesses on the coupling 30. Thus, in the folded position, the sections of the outer protective tube 5, as well as the inner protective tube 5', are firmly connected to each other by the coupling 30 .

Da bi se pri daljnjem prodiranju bušilice u kamen ili zemlju unutarnja cijev mogla koristiti kao obloga bušotine, kako je prikazano na si. 8c, zakretanjem drugog odsječka zaštitne cijevi 5, gledano od smjera krune, u odnosu na spojku 30 na unutarnjoj zaštitnoj cijevi 5’ izdanak 31 izvodi se iz zahvata sa spojkom 30. Pri daljnjem prodiranju krune bušilice 1 u smjeru strelice 33 vanjska zaštitna cijev kliže po unutarnjoj zaštitnoj cijevi 5’ dok odstojjnici 29 i 34 na cijevima ne nalegnu jedan na drugi. So that during further penetration of the drill into the rock or soil, the inner tube could be used as a lining of the well, as shown in si. 8c, by rotating the second section of the protective tube 5, seen from the direction of the crown, in relation to the coupling 30 on the inner protective tube 5', the protrusion 31 is removed from the engagement with the coupling 30. During further penetration of the crown of the drill 1 in the direction of the arrow 33, the outer protective tube slides along the inner protective tube 5' until the spacers 29 and 34 on the tubes fit on each other.

Da bi se duljina prvog dijela zaštitne cijevi 5’, gledano iz smjera krune bušilice 1, mogla koristiti u svrhu oblaganja bušotine, zaštitna cijev 5’ se zarotira u smjeru suprotnom od smjera rotacije krune uz pridržavanje vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5, pri čemu se izdanak 32 prvog vanjskog odsječka zaštitne cijevi 5 izvede iz odgovarajuće udubine na spojci 30 na unutarnjoj zaštitnoj cijevi 5’. Stražnji dio prve vanjske zaštitne cijevi 5, gledano iz smjera krune bušilice 1, kližući po prvom dijelu untarnje zaštitne cijevi 5’ vuče se u smjeru bušenja. In order for the length of the first part of the protective tube 5', seen from the direction of the drill bit 1, to be used for the purpose of casing the well, the protective tube 5' is rotated in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the crown while adhering to the outer protective tube 5, whereby the protrusion 32 of the first outer section of the protective tube 5 is brought out of the corresponding recess on the coupling 30 on the inner protective tube 5'. The rear part of the first outer protective tube 5, seen from the direction of the drill crown 1, slides along the first part of the inner protective tube 5' and is pulled in the drilling direction.

U potpuno izvučenom stanju, kako je prikazano na si. 8d, obloga bušotine je potpuno formirana, čime se posebno sile trenja koje djeluju na zaštitne cijevi mogu bitno smanjiti. In the fully extended condition, as shown in fig. 8d, the casing of the well is completely formed, which means that especially the frictional forces acting on the protective pipes can be significantly reduced.

Claims

1. Postupak bušenja, udarnog ili okretno-udarnog bušenja i oblaganja bušotina u zemlji ili kamenu, pri čemu se krunom bušilice (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) učvršćenom na vratilo (9) udarnim ili okretno-udarnim bušenjem tvori bušotina (13) a zaštitnom cijevi (5) tvori obloga, naznačen time, što se bušenjem prodire u bušotinu (13) pri čemu se krunom bušilice (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) aksijalno unosi, na krunu bušilice (1,2, 3, 17, 19) pričvršćena, zaštitna cijev i što se nakon završetka bušenja kruna bušilice barem djelimično odstranjuje zajedno s vratilom (9) iz zaštitne cijevi (5).1. The procedure of drilling, percussive or rotary-percussive drilling and lining of wells in the ground or stone, whereby a drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) attached to the shaft (9) is formed by percussive or rotary-percussive drilling ( 13) and the protective pipe (5) forms a lining, indicated by the fact that it penetrates into the borehole (13) by drilling, while the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) is inserted axially onto the drill bit (1,2, 3, 17, 19) attached, protective tube and that after completion of drilling, the drill crown is at least partially removed together with the shaft (9) from the protective tube (5).

2. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time, što se kruna bušilice (1,2, 3, 17, 19) u odnosu na zaštitnu(e) cijev(i) (5) može zakretati.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crown of the drill (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) can be rotated in relation to the protective tube(s) (5).

3. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1 ili 2, naznačen time, što se nakon odstranjivanja mehanizma za bušenje obložna(e) cijev(i) (5) uvodi sidro (15) i/ili ispuna otvrdnjujućim materijalom.3. The method according to patent claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after removing the drilling mechanism, the casing(s) pipe(s) (5) are introduced with an anchor (15) and/or a filling with a hardening material.

4. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, 2 ili 3, naznačen time, što iskopani materijal ulazi u unutrašnjost zaštitne(ih) cijevi (5) kroz barem jedan prorez (11) na završnom dijelu krune bušilice (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) i otprema se iz bušotine kroz slobodan prostor između obložne(ih) cijevi (5) i mehanizma za bušenje (9).4. The method according to patent claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the excavated material enters the interior of the protective pipe(s) (5) through at least one slot (11) on the end part of the drill crown (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) and is shipped from the well through the free space between the casing(s) (5) and the drilling mechanism (9).

5. Uređaj za bušenje, posebice udarno i udarno-okretno bušenje i oblaganje bušotina (13) u zemlji ili kamenu, pri čemu kruna bušilice (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) učvršćena na vratilu (9) tvori udarnim ili okretno-udarnim djelovanjem bušotinu (13), naznačen time, što je kruna bušilice (1, 2, 3, 17, 18) podijeljena na radijalne odsječke i stoje na vanjski plašt krune bušilice (1), na kraju suprotnom od površine koja se kopa, preko barem jednog spojnog elementa (6, 20, 21, 23), spojena barem jedna zaštitna cijev koju se uvlači uzdužno u bušotinu (13), a koja obuhvaća vratilo (9, 22).5. Drilling device, especially percussive and percussive-rotary drilling and lining of boreholes (13) in soil or rock, whereby the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 19) fixed on the shaft (9) forms a percussive or impacting the drill bit (13), characterized by the fact that the drill bit (1, 2, 3, 17, 18) is divided into radial sections and they stand on the outer shell of the drill bit (1), at the end opposite to the surface to be dug, over at least one connecting element (6, 20, 21, 23), connected to at least one protective tube which is inserted longitudinally into the well (13), and which includes the shaft (9, 22).

6. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 5, naznačen time, što je kruna bušilice (1, 13, 17) preko spojnog elementa (6, 20, 21, 23) zakretno spojena sa zaštitnom(im) cijevi(ma) (5).6. Device according to patent claim 5, characterized in that the crown of the drill (1, 13, 17) is pivotally connected to the protective tube(s) (5) via the connecting element (6, 20, 21, 23).

7. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 5 ili 6, naznačen time, što su spojni elementi (6, 20, 21), na odmaknutom dosegu krune bušilice (2, 17) i zaštitne cijevi (5) u ovom slučaju izvedeni s međusobno prilagođenim komplementarnim profilom, u ovom slučaju spajaju profiliranim prstenastim međučlanom (6).7. The device according to patent claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the connecting elements (6, 20, 21), at the distant reach of the crown of the drill (2, 17) and the protective tube (5) in this case, are made with a mutually adapted complementary profile , in this case they connect with a profiled ring intermediate member (6).

8. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 5 ili 6, naznačen time, što se spojni element sastoji od većeg broja kuglica (23), koje su smještene u kanalima polukružnog presjeka (24) na kruni bušilice (1) i komplementarnim kanalima (25) na spojnom dijelu (26) zaštitne cijevi (5) koji se nastavlja na krunu bušilice (1).8. Device according to patent claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the connecting element consists of a large number of balls (23), which are located in channels of semicircular section (24) on the crown of the drill (1) and complementary channels (25) on the connecting part (26) of the protective tube (5) which continues on the crown of the drill (1).

9. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 8, naznačen time, što je spojni dio (26) barem jedne zaštitne cijevi (5) i/ili spojni dio krune bušilice (1) izrađen iz metala, plastične mase ili nekog presvučnog materijala.9. Device according to patent claim 8, characterized in that the connecting part (26) of at least one protective tube (5) and/or the connecting part of the drill crown (1) is made of metal, plastic or some coating material.

10. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 9, naznačen time, što su spojni elementi (6, 20, 21, 23) između krune bušilice (2, 17) i zaštitne(ih) cijevi (5) barem djelomično izvedeni od materijala koji apsorbiraju udare ili su prevučeni takvim materijalima.10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the connecting elements (6, 20, 21, 23) between the crown of the drill (2, 17) and the protective tube(s) (5) are at least partially made of material which absorb shocks or are coated with such materials.

11. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 10, naznačen time, što zaštitna(e) cijev(i) (5) u području uz krunu bušilice (1) ima(ju) barem jedan prorez (11), a naročito više istih na plastu cijevi (5) jadnako raspoređenih otvora ili proreza.11. The device according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the protective tube(s) (5) in the area next to the crown of the drill (1) has at least one slot (11), and in particular several of them on the layer of pipes (5) poorly arranged openings or slits.

12. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 11, naznačen time, što zaštitna(e) cijev(i) (5) ima(ju) otvore po cijeloj svojoj dužini u ravnomjernim razmacima.12. The device according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the protective tube(s) (5) has openings along its entire length at regular intervals.

13. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 12, naznačen time, što se kruna bušilice (1) sastoji iz barem jednog unutrašnjeg dijela (2, 19) i jednog vanjskog dijela (3), koji su spojeni na zajednički pogon, ali su jedan od drugog odvojivi, pri čemu središnji dio (2, 19) krune bušilice (1) ima nešto manji promjer od unutarnjeg promjera zaštitne cijevi (5).13. Device according to one of the patent claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the crown of the drill (1) consists of at least one inner part (2, 19) and one outer part (3), which are connected to a common drive, but are separable from each other, whereby the central part (2, 19) of the drill crown (1) has a slightly smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the protective tube (5).

14. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 13, naznačen time, što središnji unutarnji dio (2) krune bušilice (1) ima presjek različit od kružnice i što se iznosi iz bušotine kroz odgovarajući otvor na stražnjem dijelu (3) krune bušilice (1).14. Device according to patent claim 13, characterized in that the central inner part (2) of the drill bit (1) has a cross-section different from the circle and is taken out of the well through the corresponding opening on the rear part (3) of the drill bit (1).

15. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 14, naznačen time, što vanjski promjer vanjske zaštitne cijevi (5) u osnovi odgovara vanjskim radijalnim mjerama krune bušilice (1, 2, 3, 17,19).15. Device according to one of patent claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the outer diameter of the outer protective tube (5) basically corresponds to the outer radial measurements of the drill crown (1, 2, 3, 17, 19).

16. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 15, naznačen time, što zaštitna(e) cijev(i) (5) ima(ju) debljinu stijenki od 1-3 mm, naročito 2 mm.16. Device according to one of claims 5 to 15, characterized in that the protective tube(s) (5) has a wall thickness of 1-3 mm, especially 2 mm.

17. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 16, naznačen time, što su zaštitne cijevi (5) izrađene iz metala ili plastične mase.17. Device according to one of claims 5 to 16, characterized in that the protective tubes (5) are made of metal or plastic.

18. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 17, naznačen time, što se u zaštitnu cijev (5) nakon odstranjivanja krune bušilice (3, 19) i vratila (9, 22) može uvesti, posebno uviti sidro (15), koje se primjerice može na kraju koji viri iz zemlje može opteretiti.18. The device according to one of the patent claims 5 to 17, characterized in that, after removing the drill crown (3, 19) and shaft (9, 22), an anchor (15) can be introduced into the protective tube (5), which can, for example, be loaded at the end sticking out of the ground.

19. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 5 do 18, naznačen time, što su dvije zaštitne cijevi koncentrično postavljene u odnosu jedna na drugu i što imaju odstojnike, odnosno graničnike ravnomjerno raspoređene u međuprostoru između cijevi, koji ih drže na stalnom razmaku.19. Device according to one of claims 5 to 18, characterized in that the two protective tubes are concentrically placed in relation to each other and have spacers, i.e. stops evenly distributed in the space between the tubes, which keep them at a constant distance.

20. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 19, naznačen time, što je barem vanjska zaštitna cijev izvedena višedijelno i što je u području barem jednog spoja susjednih odjeljaka rastavljivo spojena s unutrašnjom cijevi, rastavljivim spojem međusobno zakretnih susjednih elemenata, posebice bajunetnim spojem.20. Device according to patent claim 19, characterized in that at least the outer protective tube is multi-part and in the area of at least one joint of adjacent sections it is releasably connected to the inner tube, by a releasable connection of mutually rotating neighboring elements, especially a bayonet connection.

21. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 19 ili 20, naznačen time, što koncentrične zaštitne cijevi ponegdje u barem po jednom krajnjem dijelu imaju u prstenastom prostoru između cijevi postavljene graničnike i što su u području spojnog elementa, posebice ženskog kraja unutarnjih cijevi, postavljene vodilice i elementi za razdvajanje vanjskih cijevi koje se nastavljaju jedna na drugu.21. Device according to patent claim 19 or 20, characterized by the fact that the concentric protective tubes sometimes have stops placed in the annular space between the tubes in at least one end part and that in the area of the connecting element, especially the female end of the inner tubes, guides and elements are placed for separating external pipes that are connected to each other.

22. Uređaj prema patentnom zahtjevu 19, 20 ili 21, naznačen time, što se koncentrične zaštitne cijevi mogu spojiti na vanjski obod krune bušilice.22. Device according to claim 19, 20 or 21, characterized in that the concentric protective tubes can be connected to the outer rim of the drill crown.

23. Uređaj prema jednom od patentnih zahtjeva 19 do 22, naznačen time, što je barem vanjska zaštitna cijev odvojivo pričvršćena na krunu bušilice.23. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that at least the outer protective tube is detachably attached to the crown of the drill.