GB2555721A - Single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, and filter comprising same for food - Google Patents
Single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, and filter comprising same for food Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2555721A GB2555721A GB1716072.2A GB201716072A GB2555721A GB 2555721 A GB2555721 A GB 2555721A GB 201716072 A GB201716072 A GB 201716072A GB 2555721 A GB2555721 A GB 2555721A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- polyester fibers
- layer
- long polyester
- multilayer nonwoven
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 330
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 296
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 115
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150069344 CUT1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 92
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 55
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 55
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 54
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 21
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100160821 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) yxdJ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007154 Coffea arabica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001590997 Moolgarda engeli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001301252 Rumina Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JEWHCPOELGJVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;oxido-[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy-oxosilane;potassium;sodium;tridecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[K].[Ca].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O JEWHCPOELGJVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001588 amesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001589 annite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006167 biodegradable resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015123 black coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001596 celadonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052629 lepidolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020333 oolong tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001743 phillipsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001432 poly(L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002215 polytrimethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
- B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1241—Particle diameter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
Provided are: single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers which is excellent in terms of transparency, dimensional stability, powder leakage property, and component extraction property; and a filter for foods which comprises the nonwoven fabric. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to the present invention has a content of inorganic particles of 0-100 ppm and a 10%-cumulation pore diameter less than 1,000 µm, the difference between the 10%-cumulation pore diameter and the 2.3%-cumulation pore diameter being 500 or less, and has a basis weight of 10-30 g/m2.
Description
(56) Documents Cited:
WO 2011/040337 A1 WO 2004/003277 A1 JP 630162235 A JP2008/054840 JP2007/197028 JP2009/262991 JP2009/074193 JP2007/152216
WO 2007/086429 A1 JP 630162236 A (87) International Publication Data:
WO2016/159266 Ja 06.10.2016 (58) Field of Search:
INT CL B01D, B65D, D04H (71) Applicant(s):
Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha
1-105, Kanda Jinbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan (72) Inventor(s):
Yusuke Yamada Rumina Obi Kazufumi Kato (74) Agent and/or Address for Service:
D Young & Co LLP
120 Holborn, LONDON, EC1N 2DY, United Kingdom (54) Title of the Invention: Single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, and filter comprising same for food
Abstract Title: Single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, and filter comprising same for food (57) Provided are: single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers which is excellent in terms of transparency, dimensional stability, powder leakage property, and component extraction property; and a filter for foods which comprises the nonwoven fabric. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to the present invention has a content of inorganic particles of 0-100 ppm and a 10%-cumulation pore diameter less than 1,000 pm, the difference between the 10%-cumulation pore diameter and the 2.3%-cumulation pore diameter being 500 or less, and has a basis weight of 10-30 g/m2.
TRANSPARENCY VS. BOILING WATER SHRINKAGE
BOILING WATER SHRINKAGE(%)
DRAFT RATIO VS. ORIENTED CRYSTALLINITY
DEGREE OF CRYSTALLINITY(%)
FIG.4
SPINNSNS TEMPERATURE VS. ORIENTED CRYSTALLINITY
SPINNING TEMPERATURE (°C)
S.P >
*<
co >O
Uo
LU
LU
O i-i-j
O
RESIN IV VALUE VS. ORIENTED CRYSTALLINITY
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
DEGREE OF CRYSTALLINITY(
RESIN IV VALUE
DESCRIPTION
SINGLE-LAYER OR MULTILAYER NONWOVEN FABRIC OF LONG POLYESTER FIBERS, AND FILTER COMPRISING SAME FOR FOOD
TECHNICAL FIELD [0001]
The present invention relates to a single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers having superior transparency, dimensional stability, powder leakage and component extractability, and to a food filter comprising the same for extracting beverages.
BACKGROUND ART [0002]
Nonwoven fabric composed of resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester has conventionally been used as a packaging material.
However, this nonwoven fabric is typically required to have an increased fiber density for the purpose of utilizing blocking functions such as filterability, thereby preventing confirmation of the content thereof.
In addition, the teabag method is frequently used as a simple method in the case of extracting components such as black tea, green tea or Oolong tea. Although paper is commonly used for the packaging material used in teabag applications, this has problems such as poor transparency preventing visualization of the contents of the packaging material or being unable to undergo heat sealing.
[0003]
Although the following Patent Document 1 discloses a nonwoven fabric for teabags that has improved transparency, there is no description regarding dimensional stability and particular attention has not been paid thereto. Moreover, although maximum pore diameter as measured according to the bubble point method (JIS K 3832) is used to evaluate powder leakage, since the range of pore diameter suitable for measurement is on the order of nanometers to micrometers and pore diameter is expressed by converting on the basis of pressure, this is not a suitable evaluation technique for tea leaves for actual use.
In addition, although the following Patent Document 2 discloses biodegradable monofilaments for use in teabags that are composed of poly-L-lactic acid and have fineness of 15 dtex to 35 dtex, monofilament boiling water shrinkage is 20% or less, thereby resulting in the problem of poor dimensional stability.
Moreover, although the following Patent Document 3 discloses a nonwoven fabric having superior heat sealability that is composed of core-sheath type composite long fibers having a polyolefin-based polymer for the sheath component and a polyester-based polymer for the core component that has a higher melting point than the sheath component, this nonwoven fabric has poor dimensional stability, there is no description regarding transparency, and particular attention has not been paid thereto .
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents [0004]
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3939326
Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-131826
Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hll-43855
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention [0005]
With the foregoing in view, an object of the present invention is to provide a single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers having superior transparency, dimensional stability, powder leakage and component extractability, and a filter comprising the same for food.
Means for Solving the Problems [0006]
As a result of conducting extensive studies to solve the aforementioned problems, the inventors of the present invention selected a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content within a specific range, conducted a detailed examination of the structure, fiber diameter, basis weight and thermocompression bonding area ratio of fibers composing the resulting nonwoven fabric, and found that a nonwoven fabric is obtained that demonstrates favorable spinnability, superior component extractability for use as a food filter, as well as both favorable transparency and dimensional stability. Moreover, the use of pore diameter, calculated by directly observing the nonwoven fabric, was defined to evaluate powder leakage, thereby leading to completion of the present invention.
[0007]
Namely, the present invention is as indicated below.
[1] A single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers having an inorganic particle content of 0 ppm to 100 ppm, 10% cumulative pore diameter of less than 1000 pm, difference between 10% cumulative pore diameter and 2.3% cumulative pore diameter of 500 or less, and basis weight of 10 g/m2 to 30 g/m2.
[2] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in [1] above, wherein the thermocompression bonding area ratio is 5% to 40% and the average apparent density is 0.1 g/cm3 to 0.5 g/cm3.
[3] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in [1] or [2] above, wherein the average fiber diameter is 13 pm to 40 pm.
[4] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [3] above, wherein at least one layer is composed of fibers having an average value of the full width half maximum of peak width, based on C=O groups in the vicinity of 1740 cnf1 as observed in a Raman spectrum, of 18 cnf1 to 24 cnf1.
[5] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [4] above, wherein at least one layer is composed of fibers having a degree of crystallinity of 30% to 50%.
[6] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [5] above, wherein at least one layer is composed of fibers having birefringence of 0.04 to 0.12.
[7] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [6] above, wherein transparency is 60% or more.
[8] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [7] above, wherein boiling water shrinkage is 2.0% or less.
[9] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [8] above, wherein the texture coefficient is 0.5 to 2.0.
[10] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [9] above, wherein at least one layer has tensile strength of 5 N/30 mm or more.
[11] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [10] above, wherein at least one layer contains low melting point fibers having a melting point of 240°C or lower.
[12] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [11] above, which is composed of a laminated nonwoven fabric in which the following layers a and b are integrated into a single unit by thermocompression bonding:
layer a: non-woven fabric of long polyester fibers composed of a low melting point resin for which the difference in melting point with a high melting point resin is 30°C to 150°C; and, layer b: non-woven fabric of long polyester fibers composed of the high melting point resin.
[13] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [12] above, having a structure in which the fiber orientation of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers differs in the cross-sectional direction.
[14] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [13], wherein at least one layer is composed of a resin containing 0% to 25% of isophthalic acid.
[15] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [14] above, wherein the inorganic particles are titanium oxide .
[16] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in [15] above, composed of a resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm to 0.1 ppm.
[17] The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [16] above, wherein the intrinsic viscosity (IV) value of the resin after having been formed into a nonwoven fabric is 0.6 or more .
[18] A filter for food comprising the single-layer or multilayer fabric of long polyester fibers described in any of [1] to [17] above.
Effects of the Invention [0008]
Fibers composing the single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to the present invention have favorable spinnability, and a filter for food produced using a nonwoven fabric composed of these fibers has superior component extractability, transparency and dimensional stability as well as favorable resistance to particle leakage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0009]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one example of a device capable of controlling air flow in the manner of a plate-shaped dispersion plate and the like.
FIG. 2 is a graph indicating the relationship between boiling water shrinkage and transparency.
FIG. 3 is a graph indicating the relationship between draft ratio and oriented crystallinity.
FIG. 4 is a graph indicating the relationship between spinning temperature and oriented crystallinity.
FIG. 5 is a graph indicating the relationship between resin IV value and oriented crystallinity.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [0010]
The following provides a detailed explanation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Although typical examples of the polyester-based resin comprising the long polyester fibers that compose the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment include thermoplastic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate or polytrimethylene terephthalate, the polyester-based resin may also be a polyester obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing an acidic component that forms an ester in the form of isophthalic acid or phthalic acid and the like. The thermoplastic polyester may also be a biodegradable resin such as a poly(α-hydroxy acid) in the manner of polyglycolic acid or polylactic acid, or a copolymer having these as the main repeating unit elements thereof. These resins may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.
[0011]
Since the transparency of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably as high as possible (namely, low concealability), the content of inorganic particles ordinarily used as a matting agent in nonwoven fabric composed of thermoplastic synthetic fibers is preferably as low as possible.
Both synthetic products and natural products can be used for the inorganic particles used as matting agent without any particular limitations. Examples of inorganic particles include ceramic and glass fibers made of oxide-based ceramics such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, magnesia, ceria, yttria, zinc oxide or iron oxide, nitride-based ceramics such as silicon nitride, titanium nitride or boron nitride, and silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium titanate, talc, kaolin clay, kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite, pyrophyllite, odinite, montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, volkonskoite, saponite, sauconite, swinfordite, vermiculite, berthierine, sericite, amesite, kellyite, phillipsite, brindleyite, bentonite, zeolite, biotite, phlogopite, annite, eastonite, siderophyllite, tetraferriannite, lepidolite, polylithionite, muscovite, celadonite, ferroceladonite, ferroaluminoceladonite, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, diatomaceous earth or silica sand. One type of these organic particles is used alone or two or more types are used in combination. The inorganic particles used are preferably inert inorganic particles such as titanium oxide, magnesium stearate or calcium stearate particles from the viewpoint of reaction activity with resin.
[0012]
The preferable range of the particle diameter of the
- 8 inorganic particles of the polyester-based resin that composes the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is 1.0 pm or less, preferably 0.8 pm or less and more preferably 0.7 pm or less. If the particle diameter exceeds 1.0 pm, not only is the transparency of the nonwoven fabric low, but spinning stability also becomes poor, thereby increasing the number of spinning defects such as yarn breakage.
[0013]
The preferable content of inorganic particles in the polyester-based resin that composes the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is 0 ppm to 100 ppm, preferably 0 ppm to 50 ppm and more preferably 0 ppm to 0.1 ppm. Transparency of the nonwoven fabric can be adeguately secured by making the content of inorganic particles in the resin to be within the aforementioned ranges. Moreover, in the case of using inorganic particles as catalyst, making the content thereof to be within the aforementioned ranges makes it possible to inhibit decomposition reactions of the resin during melt extraction and inhibit spinning defects such as yarn breakage .
[0014]
Titanium-based particles such as titanium oxide particles, for which reaction activity has been deactivated, are preferably used for the inorganic particles used as matting agent in the polyester-based resin that composes the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment since these particles are inexpensive and suitable for general-purpose use. In the case of using elemental titanium for the inorganic particles in the polyester-based resin that composes the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment, the preferable content thereof is 0 ppm to 100 ppm, preferably 0 ppm to 50 ppm and more preferably 0 ppm to 0.1 ppm.
More specifically, a colorless, transparent super bright resin, to which inert inorganic particles such as titanium dioxide particles used as matting agent have not been added is preferable, while resin that does not use a titanium compound as a catalyst is more preferable. Not using a titanium compound as a catalyst makes it possible to inhibit decomposition reactions of the resin during melt extraction and inhibit spinning defects such as yarn breakage .
[0015]
The leakage of contents when using the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment as a packaging material is defined according to the distribution of pore diameter.
The typical value of pore diameter can be expressed as the pore diameter at an area ratio of 10% when the area of each particle in an image of the nonwoven fabric is integrated in decreasing order starting from the maximum area, and is required to be 1000 pm or less. The range thereof is preferably 30 pm to 600 pm, more preferably 400 pm or less, even more preferably 300 pm or less and most preferably 250 pm or less. Since the pores of the fabric become excessively large if these ranges are exceeded, powder leakage of contents can no longer be inhibited. On the other hand, since the pores of the fabric become excessively small if pore diameter is below these ranges, filter transparency decreases. In addition, extraction time when used as a food filter is prolonged since flow resistance of the filter increases, thereby making the resulting food filter impractical. [0016]
The difference between 2.3% cumulative pore diameter and 10% cumulative pore diameter when the distribution of pore diameter of pores having a large diameter is integrated starting from the maximum pore diameter is required to be 0 pm to 500 pm. The range of this difference is preferably 300 pm or less, more preferably 200 pm or less, and even more preferably 150 pm or less. In the case of a fabric having a large pore diameter distribution in the manner of a nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric having superior powder leakage can be obtained by making the frequency of pores having a large diameter to be within these ranges. Moreover, a pore diameter distribution optimum for packaging tea leaves can be defined by combining with the aforementioned range of 10% cumulative pore diameter.
[0017]
In addition, in the case of pores having the same pore area, the shape thereof preferably has a major axis and a minor axis in the manner of an oval rather than a perfect circle. In the case of packaging contents such as tea leaves, since the surface is not that of a smooth spherical surface, even in the case of having the same pore area, pores having a major axis and a minor axis result in the tea leaves being caught around the pores, thereby resulting in greater resistance to leakage. The shape of comparatively large pores contained in the nonwoven fabric has a particularly large effect on leakage of tea leaves and the like. The shape of these pores can be represented with the value obtained by dividing the average of the long axes of pores ranging from pores having a 2.3% cumulative pore diameter to pores having a 10% cumulative pore diameter by the average of the pore diameter of pores ranging from pores having a 2.3% cumulative pore diameter to pores having a 10% cumulative pore diameter. This value is preferably 1.3 or more. Generally speaking, provided resin transparency is equal, there is a tradeoff between transparency and content leakage when content leakage is attempted to be inhibited while maintaining transparency, and although transparency becomes poor as the surface area of fibers contained in a fixed surface area increases, or in other words, as fiber diameter decreases and basis weight increases, content leakage decreases.
One method for inhibiting content leakage while maintaining transparency according to this relationship consists of reducing the number of large diameter pores contained in the nonwoven fabric, while another method consists of employing a shape for the pores that is resistant to content leakage. Combining these two methods makes it possible to obtain a nonwoven fabric that satisfies performance requirements both in terms of improved transparency and inhibition of content leakage. [0018]
An arbitrary cross-sectional shape can be selected for the shape of the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment corresponding to the purpose and application thereof, and examples thereof include an ordinary round cross-section as well as a hollow cross-section, coresheath type composite cross-section, split composite cross-section and flat cross-section.
In order to use the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment in the shape of a bag such as a teabag, the nonwoven fabric preferably has high adhesive strength during heat sealing processing with a bag-making machine. In order to obtain heat sealability having favorable adhesive strength, by laminating fibers containing a low melting point resin having a melting temperature of 240°C or lower on at least one side of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, only the low melting point resin functions as an adhesive by softening and melting during heat sealing processing, thereby allowing the obtaining of a high level of heat sealing strength.
[0019]
The melting point of the aforementioned low melting point resin is 30°C to 150°C lower, and preferably 30°C to 100°C lower, than the melting point of a high melting point resin. Examples of low melting point resins include copolyester-based resins, obtained by polymerizing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid or naphthaline dicarboxylic acid with a diol such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or cyclohexanedimethanol, and aliphatic polyester-based resins such as polylactic acid. Moreover, in addition to structures consisting of a single component, examples of fiber structure include a composite fiber structure consisting of two components such as a core-sheath structure or side-by-side structure in the manner of, for example, a composite fiber structure having a high melting point core and a low melting point sheath, and more specifically, that in which the core consists of a high melting point resin such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate, and the sheath consists of a low melting point resin such as copolyester or aliphatic polyester, is preferable. Examples of methods used to laminate low melting point fibers include a curtain spray method in which the aforementioned resin is melted and the resin is coated onto a nonwoven fabric in a semi-molten state or as a fibrous material thereof, a coating method in which a melted resin is coated onto a nonwoven fabric by expelling from a nozzle, and a method in which a laminated nonwoven fabric is obtained by laminating a high melting point fiber web and low melting point fiber web and joining with a heating roller and the like.
[0020]
The low melting point resin is used by copolymerizing a second type of aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as isophthalic acid, phthalic acid or naphthaline dicarboxylic acid when using an aromatic dicarboxylic acid consisting mainly of terephthalic acid, for example, for the component thereof. The amount of the second type of aromatic dicarboxylic acid relative to the total amount of aromatic dicarboxylic acid at this
- 13 time is 0% to 25%, preferably 0% to 22% and even more preferably 0% to 18%. If the second type of aromatic dicarboxylic acid is added in an amount that exceeds these ranges, crystallinity decreases and molecular orientation attributable to stretching no longer occurs, thereby lowering spinning stability as well as mechanical strength and dimensional stability when in the form of a nonwoven fabric.
[0021]
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment can preferably be applied to ultrasonic fusing or heat sealing. Sealing strength is preferably 0.1 N/30 mm or more and more preferably 0.2 N/30 mm or more. Heat sealing conditions can be suitably selected and, for example, the temperature conditions of heat sealing preferably consist of heating at a temperature 5°C to 80°C lower than the melting point of the resin on the sealed surface.
Moreover, various types of other commonly used added components can be used over a range that does not impair the desired effects, and examples thereof include additives in the manner of various types of elastomers and other impact modifiers, nucleating agents, anticoloring agents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, weathering agents, disinfectants, colorants, pigments and dyes.
[0022]
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment can be efficiently produced by spunbonding. Namely, the aforementioned polyester-based resin is heated, melted and expelled from a spinneret, followed by cooling the resulting spun yarn using a known cooling device and narrowing by drawing the spun yarn with a suction device such as an air sucker. Continuing, after opening up the group of yarns discharged from the suction device, the yarn is accumulated on a conveyor to form a web. Next, thermocompression bonding is partially carried out on the web formed on the conveyor using a heated embossing roller or other type of partial thermocompression bonding device to obtain a spun-bonded nonwoven fabric consisting of long fibers.
[0023]
In the case of using the spun-bonding method, although there are no particular limitations thereon, it is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving web uniformity to use for the production method a method consisting of electrifying the fibers with corona equipment and the like as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hll-131355, or a method consisting of blowing fibers to form a web after having opened up the fibers by adjusting the distribution of the air flow rate of the blowout portion of an ejector using a device capable of controlling air flow in the manner of a plate-shaped dispersion plate (see FIG. 1) followed by laminating on a collecting surface while inhibiting scattering of the web.
A nonwoven fabric obtained by spun-bonding has physical characteristics such as strong fabric strength and the absence of the loss of short fibers caused by damage to bonded portions, and since this nonwoven fabric offers high productivity at low cost, it is used in a wide range of applications focusing primarily on hygiene, civil engineering, construction, agriculture, horticulture and housewares.
[0024]
The fiber diameter of the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is within the range of 13 pm to 40 pm, preferably 15 pm to 40 pm, more preferably 18 pm to 35 pm, and particularly preferably 21 pm to 30 pm. If the fiber diameter is 13 pm or more, long polyester fibers can be designed to have adequate transparency. In addition, if the fiber diameter is 40 pm or less, the fibers are able to adequately withstand tension applied by the ejector during spinning, thereby reducing the risk of a portion of the fibers breaking and enabling the formation of a nonwoven fabric, while also being suitable for use as a food filter as a result of demonstrating superior mechanical strength and rigidity, component extractability, transparency and sealability during use thereof .
[0025]
The surface area per unit area of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment (namely, the specific surface area (m2/g) x basis weight (g/m2) of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers) is 1.0 m2/m2 to 3.5 m2/m2, more preferably 1.2 m2/m2 to 3.0 m /m , and particularly preferably 1.3 m /m to 2.7 m /m .
If the surface area per unit area is 3.5 m2/m2 or less, the nonwoven fabric can be designed to have adequate transparency. In addition, if the surface area per unit surface is 1.0 m2/m2 or more, an adequate number of fibers can be obtained when forming into a nonwoven fabric, thereby making this suitable for use as a food filter having superior mechanical strength and rigidity, component extractability and sealability during use thereof .
[0026]
The layer configuration of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is such that the layers are integrated into a single unit both thermally and chemically, and although there are no particular limitations thereon provided the method used allows the obtaining of a nonwoven fabric, the layer configuration can be in the form of a laminated nonwoven fabric. At this time, the layer configuration is preferably such that it is divided into layers each responsible for fulfilling a specific role. For example, by making the first layer to be a layer having high heat sealing strength and making other layers to be layers having superior mechanical strength with respect to tensile strength, rigidity or dimensional stability and the like, a nonwoven fabric can be obtained that demonstrates superior sealing properties as well as mechanical properties reguired during production. In addition, if a nonwoven fabric is used in the step for forming the nonwoven fabric into the shape of a bag that employs a configuration in which mechanical strength and sealing properties are both realized with a configuration consisting only of a single layer, since the nonwoven fabric is subjected to high-temperature heating and pressure bonding treatment in a step for producing a bag by thermocompression bonding, the thermoplastic resin melts and adheres to the heating rollers and hot plate heater of the ban production equipment, thereby causing a decrease in product quality and reduction in processing speed, and when this is attempted to be improved, the desired level of sealing strength is no longer obtained. In contrast, according to the configuration of the nonwoven fabric of the present embodiment, by arranging the sealing layer on the inside, a nonwoven fabric can be produced without sacrificing quality or production speed while also realizing favorable sealing strength.
[0027]
In the case of using a laminated nonwoven fabric for the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment, although the structure responsible for sealability can employ a single-layer fiber structure obtained by spun-bonding or melt-blowing and the like, or a composite fiber structure composed of two components such as a core-sheath structure, side-by-side structure or split fiber structure, a structure in which a low melting point resin responsible for sealing performance is arranged on the fiber surface is preferable. One example thereof is a nonwoven fabric employing a coresheath structure in which the core is composed of a high melting point resin such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate and the sheath is composed of a low melting point resin such as a copolyester or aliphatic polyester.
[0028]
In the case of using a laminated nonwoven fabric for the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment, although there are no particular limitations on the method used to produce the layer responsible for mechanical strength, spun-bonding is used preferably from the viewpoints of productivity and the like .
In particular, in the case of using a laminated nonwoven fabric for the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment, producing the layer responsible for mechanical strength using the aforementioned method makes it possible to obtain a nonwoven fabric having superior physical properties in terms of dimensional stability and mechanical strength. [0029]
Although there are no particular limitations on the pressure bonding method used in the case of using a laminated nonwoven fabric for the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment provided it allows the formation of a nonwoven fabric by integrating fibers into a single unit, the nonwoven fabric is preferably obtained by thermocompression bonding using heating rollers and the like after having laminated each layer. Subjecting the nonwoven fabric to thermocompression bonding after each layer has been laminated makes it possible to further increase adhesive strength between layers and more effectively demonstrate mechanical strength and sealing performance.
[0030]
Sealing strength can be further made to be within a preferable range by employing a laminated configuration as previously described for the layer configuration of the laminated nonwoven fabric in the present embodiment. More specifically, sealing strength is 1.5 N/30 mm or more, preferably 2.0 N/30 mm or more, and more preferably 2.5 N/30 mm or more.
In addition, mechanical strength, namely tensile strength, can also be made to be within a preferable range, and that range is 15 N/30 mm or more, preferably 20 N/30 mm or more and more preferably 23 N/30 mm or more .
[0031]
Although there are no particular limitations on the method used to carry out thermocompression bonding on the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment provided it enables yarns of the nonwoven fabric to be pressure-bonded with heat, forming a thermocompression bonded portion that is uniformly dispersed throughout the entire nonwoven fabric can be more preferably carried out by passing the nonwoven fabric between a pair of heating rollers composed of embossing rollers or flat rollers having an irregular surface structure. In the case of carrying out thermocompression bonding with embossing rollers, thermocompression bonding is preferably carried out at a thermocompression bonding area ratio within a range of 5% to 40%, more preferably within a range of 7% to 30%, and more preferably within a range of 7% to 20%, based on the total surface area of the nonwoven fabric.
If the thermocompression bonding area ratio is within these ranges, thermocompression bonding can be favorably carried out between mutual fibers, making this preferable in terms of achieving suitable mechanical strength and rigidity, transparency, component extractability and dimensional stability of the resulting nonwoven fabric. The temperature and pressure of thermocompression bonding treatment are suitably selected according to conditions such as the basis weight or speed of the supplied web, and although the temperature and pressure are unable to be defined unconditionally, the temperature is preferably 10°C to 90°C lower, and more preferably 20°C to 60°C lower, than the melting point of the polyester-based resin.
[0032]
In addition to the use of embossing rollers in the aforementioned thermocompression bonding step, an airthrough method can be used in which hot air is passed through the web to compress individual fibers. In the case of carrying out thermocompression bonding with an air-through method, the non-woven fabric can be made to appear more transparent since partial surface irregularities resembling the embossing pattern can be eliminated from the surface of the fabric.
[0033]
The boiling water shrinkage of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably within the range of 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.6% or less, even more preferably 1.0% or less and particularly preferably 0.5% or less. If boiling water shrinkage is 2.0% or less, hardly any shrinkage occurs during thermoforming, resulting in superior process stability and superior shape retention even during usage like that when exposed to high temperatures approaching 100°C. Although the lower limit of boiling water shrinkage is 0%, the realistic lower limit is 0.2% or more.
[0034]
The transparency of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 65% or more and even more preferably 70% or more. If transparency is lower than 60%, the contents become difficult to see and indistinct when viewed through the nonwoven fabric.
[0035]
The basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is 10 g/m2 to 30 g/m2 and preferably 12 g/m2 to 25 g/m2. If the basis weight is 10 g/m2 or more, mechanical strength can be adequately secured while retaining transparency and component extractability. On the other hand, if the basis weight is 30 g/m2 or less, transparency and component extractability can be obtained.
[0036]
The thickness of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 0.02 mm to 0.50 mm and more preferably 0.03 mm to 0.30 mm. If basis weight and thickness are within these ranges, superior transparency, mechanical strength and component extractability can be obtained when using as a food filter.
[0037]
The average apparent density of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 0.10 g/cm3 to 0.50 g/cm3 and more preferably 0.12 g/cm3 to 0.30 g/cm3. Average apparent density is related to rigidity, transparency, powder leakage and component extractability of the nonwoven fabric, and since the gaps between fibers are suitable if average apparent density is within the aforementioned ranges, the nonwoven fabric is suitable for use as a food filter. If the average apparent density is 0.10 g/cm3 or more, adequate mechanical strength can be obtained while suitably suppressing the amount of powder leakage by adjusting the fiber gap. On the other hand, if the average apparent density is 0.50 g/cm3 or less, component extractability can be suitably maintained and adequate product quality can be obtained without the fiber gap being excessively small.
[0038]
The tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 5 N/30 mm to 40 N/30 mm, more preferably 6 N/30 mm to 40 N/30 mm, and even more preferably 7 N/30 mm to 40 N/30 mm. If tensile strength is within the aforementioned ranges, the nonwoven fabric demonstrates superior dimensional stability during bag making processing as well as superior prevention of rupturing and the like when used as a food filter.
[0039]
The texture coefficient of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 and more preferably 0.5 to 1.5. Since the texture coefficient indicates the uniformity of the nonwoven fabric, it is related to strength, rigidity, transparency, powder leakage and component extractability. If the texture coefficient is within the aforementioned ranges, the uniformity of the nonwoven fabric is optimal, thereby resulting in superior strength, transparency, adaptability for processing into the form of a bag and powder leakage for use as a food filter .
[0040]
The spinning temperature when obtaining the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 10°C to 60°C higher, and more preferably 10°C to 30°C higher, than the melting point of the polyester-based resin. If the spinning temperature is within these ranges, a nonwoven fabric having superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability can be obtained with suitable oriented crystallinity and without the occurrence of problems such as yarn breakage.
[0041]
The intrinsic viscosity (IV value) of the resin after having been formed into the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 0.6 or more, more preferably 0.65 or more and even more preferably 0.7 or more. When melt-extruding resin pellets, the resin is decomposed by the thermal load during melting and by the shear load during kneading. In the case the IV value of the resin following melting, or in other words, after having been formed into a nonwoven fabric, is within or exceeds these ranges, resin decomposition can be favorably inhibited, and since stretching and crystallization of the resin during spinning can be promoted, a nonwoven fabric can be obtained that demonstrates superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability.
[0042]
The spinning speed when obtaining the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 3000 m/min to 6000 m/min and more preferably 3500 m/min to 5000 m/min. If the drawing speed when narrowing the spun yarn by drawing is within the aforementioned ranges, a nonwoven fabric is obtained having adequate oriented crystallinity of the polyester long fibers as well as superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability, and this is also preferable from the viewpoint of productivity of the nonwoven fabric since there is little possibility of the occurrence of yarn breakage during spinning.
[0043]
The draft ratio when obtaining the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is preferably 400 to 2500 and more preferably 700 to 2200. If the draft ratio when narrowing the spun yarn by drawing is within the aforementioned ranges, a nonwoven fabric is obtained having adequate oriented crystallinity of the polyester long fibers as well as superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability, and this is also preferable from the viewpoint of productivity of the nonwoven fabric since there is little possibility of the occurrence of yarn breakage during spinning or roller uptake during thermocompression bonding.
[0044]
The birefringence Δη of the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is 0.04 to 0.12 and preferably 0.06 to 0.1. If birefringence is within these ranges, a nonwoven fabric is obtained having suitable fiber orientation and superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability.
[0045]
Although there are no particular limitations on the method used to evaluate crystallinity, the degree of crystallinity can be measured by, for example, DSC or Raman spectroscopy.
[0046]
The degree of crystallinity of the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment is 30% to 50% and preferably 40% to 50%. If the degree of crystallinity is within these ranges, fibers having superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability are obtained.
[0047]
In the case of measuring crystallinity of the long polyester fibers of the present embodiment by Raman spectroscopy, crystallinity can be evaluated based on the average value of the full width half maximum of peak width based on C=O groups in the vicinity of 1740 cnf· as observed in a Raman spectrum of a fiber cross-section.
The average value of full width half maximum of peak width is within the range of 18 cut1 to 24 cri1, preferably 19 cri1 to 24 cii1, and more preferably 20 cii1 to 23 cri1. If the average value of full width half maximum of peak width is within these ranges, fibers having superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability are obtained.
[0048]
The polyester long fibers of the present embodiment can be made to have crystallinity that differs in the radial direction of the fibers, such as having high crystallinity on the outside and low crystallinity on the inside. High crystallinity on the outside of the fibers makes it possible to obtain fibers that are resistant to shrinkage and have superior mechanical strength, while low crystallinity on the inside of the fibers makes it possible to obtain adequate pressure bonding strength among the fibers during thermocompression bonding, and as a result thereof, a nonwoven fabric can be obtained that demonstrates superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability. This can be confirmed by evaluating the melting peak during measurement of the degree of crystallinity by DSC.
[0049]
FIG. 2 indicates the relationship between boiling water shrinkage and transparency of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in an example of the present invention. Although transparency increases as fiber diameter becomes larger, since it becomes difficult for oriented crystallization to proceed in this case, boiling water shrinkage increases and dimensional stability decreases .
[0050]
FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively indicate the relationships between draft ratio and spinning temperature versus oriented crystallization, as represented by birefringence (Δη) and degree of crystallinity, of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in examples of the present invention. Oriented crystallinity of the fibers increases as draft ratio becomes larger. In addition, under conditions for spinning fibers of a large fiber diameter, stretching efficiency increases due to an increase in coolability as the spinning temperature becomes higher, thereby making it possible to promote oriented crystallization of the fibers .
[0051]
FIG. 5 indicates the relationship between intrinsic viscosity (IV value) and oriented crystallinity, as represented by birefringence (Δη) and degree of crystallinity, of the resin of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in an example of the present invention. Oriented crystallization of the resin is promoted as the IV value of the resin becomes higher, thereby making it possible to promote oriented crystallization of the fibers.
[0052]
As a result of conducting extensive studies to demonstrate the desired effects of the present invention on the basis of this data, the inventors of the present invention achieved the realization of both improved transparency and boiling water shrinkage by enhancing oriented crystallinity while maintaining a large fiber diameter as a result of lowering the spinning temperature and increasing the draft ratio. Namely, although improvement of transparency and improvement of dimensional stability as represented by boiling water shrinkage are in an inverse relationship, the inventors of the present invention achieved realization of both improved transparency and improved dimensional stability by making an increase in fiber diameter and oriented crystallinity to be within optimum ranges.
[0053]
Moreover, the optimum range of oriented crystallinity can be achieved in the present invention by optimizing the intrinsic viscosity (IV value) of the resin used. The range of the IV value for achieving this objective is 0.7 or more, preferably 0.85 or less, and even more preferably 0.72 to 0.8. If intrinsic viscosity is within these ranges, stable productivity can be secured without the occurrence of problems such as yarn breakage, and a high degree of oriented crystallinity can be obtained when narrowing the molten resin by drawing, thereby making it possible to obtain even higher dimensional stability and mechanical strength.
[0054]
When placed in hot water, the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment preferably has superior hydrophilicity such that it sinks rapidly without floating on the surface. The hydrophilic agent is preferably a surfactant for use with food, and examples thereof include aqueous solutions of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty acid esters or sucrose fatty acid esters, ethyl alcohol solutions, and mixed solutions of ethyl alcohol and water. A known method such as gravure spray coating, kiss roll coating, dip coating or spray coating can be applied for the coating method.
[0055]
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment may be subjected to ordinary postprocessing, such as by imparting a deodorizer or disinfectant, or may be subjected to coloring, water repellency processing or water permeability processing, within a range that does not impair the desired effects of the present invention.
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present embodiment has superior aesthetic properties since it allows contents to be seen clearly due to its superior transparency, while also having extremely suitable properties for use as a filter for beverages such as green tea, black tea or coffee due to its superior dimensional stability. Although the nonwoven fabric may be in the form of a flat bag when used as a food filter, it preferably has a three-dimensional shaped since this enables the contents to be seen even more easily while also allowing extraction to be carried out effectively. The three-dimensional shape is preferably that of a tetrahedron or triangular pyramid and the like. [0056]
Although food filters having a three-dimensional shape are sold by being filled with a substance to be extracted and sealing the substance therein followed by packing in a bag, when a consumer who has purchased the filter uses the filter after having removed from the bag, the filter is required to promptly return to its original three-dimensional shape. The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present invention is able to adequately satisfy the aforementioned requirement since it is stiff and has suitable rigidity.
Examples [0057]
Although the following provides a detailed explanation of the present invention through examples thereof, the present invention is not limited by these examples in any way. Furthermore, measurement methods and evaluation methods used were as indicated below.
[0058] (1) Elemental Titanium Content (ppm)
The content of elemental titanium in polyester resin was determined using an ICP emission spectrometer manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
[0059] (2) Average Fiber Diameter (pm)
Fiber diameter was measured by magnifying by a factor of 1000 using the model VH-8000 microscope manufactured by Keyence Corp., followed by determining the average value of 20 fibers each.
[0060] (3) Birefringence (An)
Birefringence of fibers was determined immediately after drawing based on retardation determined according to an ordinary interference fringe method and fiber diameter using the Model BH2 Polarizing Microscope Compensator manufactured by Olympus Corp.
[0061] (4) Degree of Crystallinity (%)
Heat of crystallization (AHc) and crystal heat of fusion (AHm) were measured while raising the temperature from 40°C to 300°C at the rate of 10°C/min using the DSC6000 Differential Scanning Calorimeter manufactured by PerkinElmer Inc. Degree of crystallinity was determined according to the equation below.
Degree of crystallinity χο (%) = (AHm - AHc)/126.4 x
100 * 126.4 J/g is the heat of fusion of perfect crystals of polyethylene terephthalate.
[0062] (5) Full Width Half Maximum (cut1)
The spectrum was measured at an excitation light wavelength of 532 nm and excitation light intensity of 10% using a micro-Raman spectrometer manufactured by Renishaw Pic. The full width half maximum of peak width was determined based on C=0 groups in the vicinity of 1740 cut1 observed in the spectrum.
[0063] (6) Intrinsic Viscosity (IV Value)
Intrinsic viscosity was measured in compliance with JIS K-7367-5.
[0064] (7) Basis Weight (g/m2)
Basis weight was measured in compliance with JIS L1906.
[0065] (8) Thickness (mm)
Thickness at a load of 100 g/cm2 was measured according to the method defined in JIS L-1906.
[0066] (9) Average Apparent Density (g/cm3)
Weight per unit volume was determined from basis weight and thickness measured according to the method defined in JIS L-1906.
Average apparent density (g/cm3) = (basis weight g/m2)/((thickness mm) x 1000) [0067] (10) Thermocompression Bonding Area Ratio (%)
A test piece measuring 1 cm on a side was sampled and photographed with an electron microscope followed by measurement of the area of the thermocompression bonded portion of each photograph and taking the average value thereof to be the area of the thermocompression bonded portion. In addition, the pitch of the pattern of the thermocompression bonded portion was measured in the machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD) , and the ratio of the thermocompression bonding area per unit area of the nonwoven fabric was calculated from these values as the thermocompression bonding area ratio.
[0068] (11) Transparency (%)
Reflectance (L value) was measured with a Macbeth spectrophotometer (Model CE-7000, Sakata Inx Corp.), and the difference between the L value of a white reflectance standard (Lw0) and the L value of a black reflectance standard (Lbo) was determined and used as a reference, followed by determining transparency in accordance with the equation below from the L value (Lw) obtained when a sample was placed on the white reflectance standard and the L value (Lb) obtained when the sample was similarly placed on the black reflectance standard.
Transparency (%) = { (Lw - Lb) / (Lw0 - Lbo) } x 100 [0069] (12) Boiling Water Shrinkage (%)
Shrinkage in the MD direction and CD direction were determined in compliance with JIS L-1906 by sampling test pieces measuring 25 cm x 25 cm at three locations per 1 meter of sample width, immersing in boiling water for 3 minutes and allowing to air dry. The average value in each direction was calculated and the larger of shrinkage in the MD direction and CD direction was taken to be the boiling water shrinkage of that nonwoven fabric.
[0070] (13) Tensile Strength (N/30 mm)
A sample having a width of 30 mm was stretched at a clamping length of 100 mm and pulling speed of 300 mm/min using the Model AGS-5G Autograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corp., the resulting load at the time the sample fractured was taken to indicate strength, and measurements were performed five times in the MD direction of the nonwoven fabric followed by determination of the average value thereof.
[0071] (14) Texture Coefficient
A test piece measuring 20 cm x 30 cm was sampled, transmission images photographed over a range of 18 cm x 25 cm with a CCD camera were decomposed into 128 x 128 pixels using a formation tester manufactured by Nomura Shoji Co., Ltd. (EMT-MIII), and the intensity of light received by each pixel was measured followed by calculation of transmittance. Texture coefficient is the value obtained by dividing the standard deviation (σ) of transmittance at each micro-site (5 mm x 5 mm) of the measurement sample by average transmittance (E), and represents variations in micro-unit basis weight, with smaller values indicating higher uniformity.
Texture coefficient = σ/Ε x 100 [0072] (15) Heat Sealing Strength (N/30 mm)
The heat sealed portion of a sample having a width of 30 mm was separated in the vertical direction over a distance of about 50 mm and then attached to the Model AGS-5G Autograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corp, followed by stretching at a clamping length of 50 mm and pulling speed of 100 mm/min, the resulting load at the time the sample fractured was taken to indicate strength, and measurements were performed five times in the MD direction of the nonwoven fabric followed by determination of the average value thereof. Heat sealing conditions consisted of a sealing temperature of 210°C, sealing time of 1 second, pressure of 0.5 MPa and sealing area of 7 mm x 25 mm.
[0073] (16) Draft Ratio
Draft ratio was calculated from the equation below.
Draft ratio = spinning speed (m/min)/discharge linear velocity (m/min)
Discharge linear velocity (m/min) = single hole discharge rate (g/min)/{melt density (g/cm3) x [spinning nozzle aperture (cm)/2]2 x π} * A value of 1.20 g/cm3 was used for the melt density of polyester.
[0074] (17) Surface Area per Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabric of Long Polyester Fibers
The surface area per unit surface area was determined from the specific surface area (m2/g) x basis weight (g/m2) of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers .
The specific surface area (m2/g) of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was determined with the Gemini 2360 Automated Specific Surface Area Analyzer manufactured by Shimadzu Corp. In addition, specific surface area was determined according to the equation below in the case it was lower than 0.1 m2/g.
Surface area (m2/m2) = 4 x basis weight (g/m2) /resin density (g/cm3) /fiber diameter (pm)
The surface area of each fiber diameter was totaled in the case of a sheet having two or more types of fiber diameters .
[0075] (18) 10% Cumulative Pore Diameter
Ten test pieces measuring 2 cm on a side were cut out of a single sample followed by vapor-depositing the test pieces with platinum using an ion sputtering system for SEM observation and photographing images of the nonwoven fabric at 10 locations per sample at a magnification factor of 100X with transmitted light. The images were binarized with image analysis software so that the nonwoven fabric portion appeared black and the pore portions appeared white followed by quantifying the area and maximum diameter of all pores in the images.
The A-ZO KUN™ software available from Asahi Kasei Engineering Corp, was used for the image analysis software. All pores in the images of a single sample were integrated in descending order starting from the maximum area, and pore diameter was calculated according to the equation below from the pore area at the point pore area reached 10% of the total pore area based on the diameter of a circle having an area equal to that area.
Pore diameter (pm) = ((4 x S)/%)°'5
In the above equation, S represents pore area (pm2) and °·5 refers to 0.5 power (square root) .
[0076] (19) 2.3% Cumulative Power Diameter
Pore diameter was determined from the pore area at the point pore area reached 2.3% of the total pore area instead of the 10% cumulative pore area described above.
[0077] (20) Major Axis/Pore Diameter
All pores in an image of a single sample were integrated in descending order starting from the maximum area, and the average of the major axes and the average of the pore diameters thereof were determined for all pores contained between pores reaching 2.3% of total pore area to pores reaching 10% of total pore area followed by determination of the ratio of major axis/pore diameter according to the equation below.
Major axis/pore diameter = Average of major axes/average of pore diameters [0078] [Example 1]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 2120 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20.5 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 12 g/m2, followed by subjecting the web to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0079] [Example 2]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of spinning the long polyester fibers of Example 1 to a fiber diameter of 25.7 pm. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0080] [Example 3]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of spinning the long polyester fibers of Example 1 to a fiber diameter of 30.0 pm. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0081] [Example 4]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of using a resin having an IV value of 0.8 and titanium oxide content of 12 ppm in Example 3. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0082] [Example 5]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of using a resin having an IV value of 0.8 and titanium oxide content of 70 ppm in Example 3. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0083] [Example 6]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of using a resin having an IV value of 0.72 and titanium oxide content of 0 ppm in Example 3. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0084] [Example 7]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of using a resin having an IV value of 0.77 and titanium oxide content of 0 ppm in Example 3. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0085] [Example 8]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of spinning so that the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in Example 3 was 20 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0086] [Example 9]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of melt-spinning at a spinning speed of 3770 m/min and draft ratio of 707 in Example 1 and spinning so that the fiber diameter of the long polyester fibers was 34.9 pm. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0087] [Example 10]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 2 with the exception of spinning so that the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in Example 2 was 20 g/m2 and all of the surface of the nonwoven fabric was subjected to thermocompression bonding with flat rollers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0088] [Example 11]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 246°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4000 m/min and draft ratio of 942 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 30.1 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 20 g/m2, followed by subjecting the web to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 5% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0089] [Example 12]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 246°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4000 m/min and draft ratio of 942 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 30.0 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed to produce a web having a basis weight of 12 g/m2, followed by subjecting the web to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0090] [Example 13]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 246°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4000 m/min and draft ratio of 942 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 26.7 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 18 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4150 m/min and draft ratio of 412 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 15 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 3 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0091] [Example 14]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 246°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4000 m/min and draft ratio of 942 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 24.6 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 10 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 895 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 8 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0092] [Example 15]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of spinning so that the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in Example 1 was 18 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0093] [Example 16]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of spinning so that the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in Example 2 was 18 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0094] [Example 17]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of spinning so that the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers in Example 3 was 18 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0095] [Example 18]
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of Example 1 having a basis weight of 18 g/m2 was used as the first layer of a nonwoven fabric. A PET resin having an IV value of 0.65, titanium content of 0 ppm and melting point of 217°C was spun thereon under conditions of a spinning temperature of 260°C and hot air flow rate of 500 Nm3/hr/m followed by blowing the resulting melt-blown nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 10 pm onto the aforementioned spun-bonded nonwoven fabric at a basis weight of 5 g/m2 to obtain a laminate. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0096] [Example 19]
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of Example 2 having a basis weight of 18 g/m2 was used as the first layer of a nonwoven fabric. A PET resin having an IV value of 0.65, titanium content of 0 ppm and melting point of 217°C was spun thereon under conditions of a spinning temperature of 255°C and hot air flow rate of 400 Nm3/hr/m followed by blowing the resulting melt-blown nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 15 pm onto the aforementioned spun-bonded nonwoven fabric at a basis weight of 4 g/m2 to obtain a laminate. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0097] [Example 20]
The nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of Example 3 having a basis weight of 18 g/m2 was used as the first layer of a nonwoven fabric. A PET resin having an IV value of 0.65, titanium content of 0 ppm and melting point of 217°C was spun thereon under conditions of a spinning temperature of 265°C and hot air flow rate of 1000 Nm3/hr/m followed by blowing the resulting melt-blown nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 7 pm onto the aforementioned spun-bonded nonwoven fabric at a basis weight of 4 g/m2 to obtain a laminate. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0098] [Example 21]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 230 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 14 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 380 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 14 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0099] [Example 22]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 590 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20.1 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 380 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 14 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0100] [Example 23]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 740 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 24.6 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 380 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 14 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0101] [Example 24]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 550 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20.1 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 10 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 450 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 16 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0102] [Example 25]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 590 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20.1 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 450 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 16 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0103] [Example 26]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 740 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 24.6 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 450 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 16 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0104] [Example 27]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 590 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20.1 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 0°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 450 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 16 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 0°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0105] [Example 28]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 22 with the exception of making the angle of inclination relative to the flat plate filaments of the plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow to be 0°. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0106] [Example 29]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 21 with the exception of changing the layer using the low melting point resin from a core-sheath structure to a side-byside structure. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0107] [Example 30]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 24 with the exception of changing the layer using the low melting point resin from a core-sheath structure to a side-byside structure. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0108] [Example 31]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 22 with the exception of changing the layer using the low melting point resin from a core-sheath structure to a side-byside structure. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0109] [Example 32]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 21 with the exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be 6 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0110] [Example 33]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 22 with the exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be 6 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0111] [Example 34]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 23 with the exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be 6 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0112] [Example 35]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 590 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 20.1 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 12 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 450 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 16 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 6 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0113] [Example 36]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 25 with the exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be 9 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0114] [Example 37]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 21 with the exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be 9 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 1.
[0115] [Example 38]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 247°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 305°C and meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 230 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 10 pm. Next, the fibers were opened up and dispersed using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. Next, a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min and draft ratio of 380 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, and opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 14 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 7.5 g/m2. The two layers of web were subjected to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0116] [Example 39]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 32 with the exception of making the fiber diameter of each layer to be 13 pm. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 2.
[0117] [Comparative Example 1]
Although a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of making the elemental titanium content of the polyester-based resin of Example 1 to be 3000 ppm and spinning so that the basis weight of the long polyester fibers was 20.0 g/m2, transparency of the nonwoven fabric was low, thereby preventing the obtaining of transparency sufficient for use as a food filter. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0118] [Comparative Example 2]
Although a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of making the fiber diameter of the long polyester fibers melt-spun at a draft ratio of 545 in Example 1 to be 12.0 pm and spinning so that the basis weight of the long polyester fibers was 20 g/m2, transparency of the nonwoven fabric was low, thereby preventing the obtaining of transparency sufficient for use as a food filter. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0119] [Comparative Example 3]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 with the exception of using a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 253°C. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0120] [Comparative Example 4]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 2 with the exception of using a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 253°C. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0121] [Comparative Example 5]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of using a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 253°C. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0122] [Comparative Example 6]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 4 with the exception of using a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 12 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 253°C. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0123] [Comparative Example 7]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of using a polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 253°C. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0124] [Comparative Example 8]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 and melting point of 246°C was supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 295°C and melt53 spinning at a spinning speed of 4000 m/min and draft ratio of 191 from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section to obtain long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 30.3 pm. Next, although a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fiber was then obtained by opening up and dispersing the fibers using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°) to produce a web having a basis weight of 20 g/m2, and then subjecting the web to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15%, dimensional stability sufficient for use as a food filter was unable to be obtained. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0125] [Comparative Example 9]
Although the fiber diameter of the long polyester fibers melt-spun at a draft ratio of 345 in Comparative Example 8 was made to be 50.0 pm and then spun so that the basis weight of long polyester fibers was 20 g/m2, there was considerable shrinkage during rolling, thereby preventing the obtaining of a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0126] [Comparative Example 10]
Although a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 with the exception of producing a web such that the basis weight of the long polyester fibers in Example 3 was 40 g/m2, transparency of the nonwoven fabric was low, thereby preventing the obtaining of transparency sufficient for use as a food filter. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following
Table 3.
[0127] [Comparative Example 11]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 21 with the exception of making the titanium content of the resin to be 3000 ppm. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0128] [Comparative Example 12]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 11 with the exception of making the IV value of the resin to be 0.7. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0129] [Comparative Example 13]
A polyester-based resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 254°C serving as a core and a polyesterbased resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm, intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65 and melting point of 217°C serving as a sheath were supplied to an ordinary melt spinning device followed by melting at 275°C, meltspinning at a spinning speed of 4500 m/min from a spinneret with a spinning aperture having a circular cross-section, opening and dispersing the resulting long polyester fibers having a fiber diameter of 14 pm using a plate-like dispersion device capable of controlling air flow (angle of inclination relative to flat plate filaments: 4°), and subjecting the resulting web having a basis weight of 15 g/m2 to partial thermocompression bonding between an embossing roller and flat roller at a thermocompression bonding area ratio of 15% to obtain a nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3. Furthermore, when the resulting nonwoven fabric was heat-sealed, the heat sealer was significantly soiled by the resin.
[0130] [Comparative Example 14]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 21 with the exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be 10 g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
[0131] [Comparative Example 15]
A nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers was obtained in the same manner as Example 26 with the 15 exception of making the basis weight of each layer to be g/m2. Physical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabric are shown in the following Table 3.
CM ω
i—I o
Φ I—I γΏ φ Η
CO
I τ—I ω
Φ I—I γΏ Φ Η
| Examples | | ο CM | o | 30.0 | | 00 o | 22.7 | | |0.074| | CM •χΠ | 00 ,—1 | o | o r- | o •χΤ | co CM | <M <M | ,—1 ,—1 o | 2.47 | | 0.20 | | Lf) ,—1 | ,—1 r- | ,—1 ,—1 | 18.2 | o ,—1 ,—1 | o CO | Lf) ,—1 | o ,—1 | 0.74 | CO ,—1 | 942 |
| cn ,—1 | o | 25.7 | 00 o | 21.4 | | o 00 o o | co •xT | 00 ,—1 | o | 15.0 | o •χΤ | •χΤ CM | <M <M | 0.12 I | 2.68 | | 0.19 I | Lf) ,—1 | ,—1 r- | o ,—1 | 21.5 | 260 | | 164 | •xT ,—1 | cn o | 0.71 | cn ,—1 | 1304 | |
| 00 ,—1 | o | 20.5 | 00 o | 19.2 | | |0.089| | Γ- •xT | 00 ,—1 | o | o o ,—1 | o Lf) | 00 ,—1 | CO <M | •χΤ ,—1 o | 3.66 | | 0.17 | | Lf) ,—1 | •xT CO | cn o | 22.5 | o 00 ,—1 | o o ,—1 | •xT ,—1 | cn o | 0.73 | r- ,—1 | 550 | |
| [—· ,—1 | o | 30.0 | 00 o | 22.7 | | 0.074| | CM •χΤ | 00 ,—1 | o co | 00 ,—1 | I 60 0 | 1.74 | | 0.19 | | Lf) ,—1 | 00 Γ- | ,—1 ,—1 | 14.3 | 430 | | 270 | Lf) ,—1 | o ,—1 | 0.71 | ,—1 o | 942 | ||||
| C£> ,—1 | o | 25-7 | 00 o | 21.4 | | o 00 o o | co •χΤ | 00 ,—1 | co CM | 00 ,—1 | o ,—1 o | 2.03 | | 00 ,—1 o | Lf) ,—1 | r- r- | CM ,—1 | 19.2 | 350 | | 190 | Lf) ,—1 | cn o | 0.71 | co o | 1304 | ||||
| IT) ,—1 | o | 20.5 | 00 o | 19.2 | | 0.089| | Γ- •xT | 00 ,—1 | ,—1 CM | 00 ,—1 | o ,—1 o | 2.55 | | 0.19 | | Lf) ,—1 | CM r- | cn o | 20.5 | 280 | | 140 | co ,—1 | cn o | 0.71 | CM o | 550 | ||||
| •χΠ ,—1 | o | 24 . δ | 00 o | 23.5 | | 0.075| | co •χΤ | 00 ,—1 | o | 20.0 | o 00 | co CM | CO <M | 0.15 I | 3.25 | | 00 ,—1 o | Lf) ,—1 | •xT r- | Lf) ,—1 | 16.0 | 270 | | 160 | •xT ,—1 | ,—1 ,—1 | 0.70 | r- Lf) | 942/ 895 | |
| co ,—1 | o | 26.7 | 00 o | 23.8 | | |0.083| | Γ- •xT | 00 ,—1 | o | 15.0 | o co | Lf) CM | ,—1 <M | ,—1 ,—1 o | 2.43 | | 0.19 I | Lf) ,—1 | CO Γ- | co ,—1 | 19.2 | 320 | | 200 | •xT ,—1 | ,—1 ,—1 | CM Γ- O | 00 CM | 942/ 412 | |
| CM ,—1 | o | 30.0 | 00 o | 22.4 | | 0.071| | o •χΤ | CM ,—1 | o co | <M ,—1 | 00 o o | 1.16 | | 0.15 | | Lf) ,—1 | ,—1 00 | co ,—1 | CM Γ- | 770 | | 490 | Lf) ,—1 | Lf) ,—1 | 0.71 | co o | 942 | ||||
| ,—1 ,—1 | o | 30.1 | 00 o | 22.4 | | |0.071| | o •χΤ | o CM | o co | o <M | 0.12 I | 1.93 | | 0.17 | | Lf) | •xT r- | Lf) ,—1 | CO CO | o ,—1 •xT | 230 | Lf) ,—1 | CM ,—1 | 0.73 | CM o | 942 | ||||
| o ,—1 | o | 26.0 | 00 o | 21.7 | | o 00 o o | co •χΤ | o CM | co CM | o <M | 0.05 | | 2.23 | | ,—1 •χΤ o | 1-1 1-1 | co r- | ,—1 ,—1 | 19.1 | 240 | | o o ,—1 | •xT ,—1 | CM ,—1 | 0.71 | CM o | 1304 | ||||
| cn | o | 34.9 | 00 o | 23.4 | | 0.042| | Γ- ΟΟ | CM ,—1 | Lf) co | <M ,—1 | I 60 0 | o o ,—1 | 0.13 I | Lf) ,—1 | Γ- ΟΟ | co ,—1 | •xT r- | 950 | | o o •xT | •xT ,—1 | ,—1 ,—1 | 0.71 | CM O | 707 | ||||
| 00 | o | 29.6 | 00 o | 22.5 | | |0.071| | o •χΤ | o CM | o co | o <M | ,—1 ,—1 o | 1.96 I | 0.19 | | Lf) ,—1 | Lf) r- | ,—1 ,—1 | 17.3 | 360 | | 140 | •xT ,—1 | o ,—1 | 0.70 | CO o | 942 | ||||
| r- | o | 30.0 | 0.77 | | 22.8 | | |0.071| | ,—1 •χΤ | CM ,—1 | o co | <M ,—1 | 00 o o | 1.16 | | 0.15 | | Lf) ,—1 | cn r- | o ,—1 | Lf) Γ- | 760 | | 470 | Lf) ,—1 | r- o | 0.65 | co o | 942 | ||||
| C£> | o | 29.8 | 0.72 | | 23.3 | | |0.063| | 00 co | CM ,—1 | o co | <M ,—1 | 00 o o | 1.17 | | 0.15 | | Lf) ,—1 | ,—1 00 | o ,—1 | 00 CO | o o 00 | 230 | •xT ,—1 | r- o | 0.63 | co o | 942 | ||||
| IT) | o Γ- | 29.8 | 00 o | 23.2 | ,—1 00 o o | •χΤ •χΤ | CM ,—1 | o co | <M ,—1 | 00 o o | Γ,—1 ,—1 | Lf) ,—1 o | Lf) ,—1 | cn r- | CM ,—1 | 00 Γ- | 700 | o o •xT | •xT ,—1 | r- o | CM Γ- O | co o | 942 | ||||
| •χΠ | CM ,—1 | 30.0 | 00 o | 23.0 | | |0.077| | co •χΤ | CM ,—1 | o co | <M ,—1 | 00 o o | 1.16 I | 0.15 I | Lf) ,—1 | o 00 | o ,—1 | Γ- r- | 750 | | 300 | •xT ,—1 | r- o | 0.70 | co o | 942 | ||||
| co | o | 30.0 | 00 o | 22.7 | | 0.074| | CM •χΤ | CM ,—1 | o co | <M ,—1 | 00 o o | 1.16 | | 0.15 | | Lf) ,—1 | o 00 | ,—1 ,—1 | 00 r- | 730 | | 350 | •xT ,—1 | r- o | 0.71 | co o | 942 | ||||
| CM | o | 25-7 | 00 o | 21.4 | | o 00 o o | co •χΤ | CM ,—1 | co CM | <M ,—1 | 0.07 I | 1.35 | | 0.16 | | Lf) ,—1 | 00 r- | 00 o | 11.5 | 530 | | 160 | •xT ,—1 | cn o | CM Γ- O | CM o | 1304 | ||||
| ,—1 | o | 20.5 | | 00 o | 19.2 | | |0.089| | r- •χΤ | CM ,—1 | ,—1 CM | <M ,—1 | 0.07 | | 1.70 | | 0.17 | | Lf) ,—1 | Lf) r- | •xT o | 14.1 | 350 | | o cn | •xT ,—1 | 00 o | 0.71 | CM o | 2120 | ||||
| Units | ppm | 1 τ-° | 0\0 | σ | ppm | σ | a | A/5 | o cn | o\o | 0\0 | 0\0 | o co | 2 | N/30 mm | |||||||||||||
| Elemental titanium content | Fiber diameter | | IV value | | Full width half max. | | Birefringence | | Degree of crystallinity | Basis weight | | Elemental titanium content | Fiber diameter | | Basis weight | | Avg. fiber diameter | | Basis weight | | Thickness | | Surface area | | Avg. apparent density| | Thermocompression bonding area ratio | Transparency | | Boiling water shrinkage | Tensile strength | 10% cum. pore diameter| | Difference between 2.3% and 10% cum. pore diameter | Pore roundness (major axrs/pore diameter) | Texture coefficient | | Resin IV value as nonwoven fabric | Heat sealing strength | Draft ratio | ||
| 1st Layer | 2nd Layer | Properties of Nonwoven Fabric | Spinning conditions |
ω ω
ι—I ο
[Table 2]
| Examples | | cn co | O | 13.0 | | 00 o | 22.0 | | |0.090| | CO •xf1 | o kO | o | 13.0 | | o LO | CO I-1 | 04 I—1 | o I-1 o | 00 yo 04 | 0.12 I | Lf) I-1 | I-1 r- | 04 I-1 | 27.6 | 150 | | o 00 | •xf1 I-1 | •xf1 I-1 | 0.71 | I-1 co | 230/ 380 |
| 00 co | C4 I—1 | o o I-1 | 00 o | 22.5 | | |0.102| | Lf) •xf1 | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | 0Ί I-1 | Lf) i—1 | •χΤ I-1 o | | 3.62 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | I-1 >r> | CD O | 28.5 | o o I-1 | o >r> | 04 I-1 | CD O | 0.71 | CD 04 | 230/ 380 | |
| Γ- ΟΟ | o | 14.0 | 00 o | 21.7 | | 0.083| | C4 •χΤ | o CD | o | 14.0 | O CD | •χΤ I-1 | 00 I-1 | 0.12 1 | | 3.73 | | 0.15 I | Lf) i—1 | 04 >r> | O I-1 | 36.1 | o o I-1 | o r- | •χΤ I-1 | I-1 I-1 | 0.71 | 04 CO | 230/ 380 | |
| k£> CO | o | 20.1 | 00 o | 22.3 | | |0.093| | co •χΤ | O CD | o | o V) | O CD | 00 I-1 | 00 I-1 | 0.20 | | | 2.89 | | | 60 0 | Lf) i—1 | 00 >r> | I-1 I-1 | 38.0 | o I-1 I-1 | o >r> | •χΤ I-1 | r- o | 0.70 | >r> 04 | 590/ 450 | |
| Lf) CO | o | 20.1 | 00 o | 22.3 | | 0.093| | co •χΤ | 12.0 | | o | 16.0 | O | CD I-1 | 00 I-1 | 0.16 | | | 2.79 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | CD >r> | o I-1 | 42.0 | o 04 I-1 | o 00 | co I-1 | 04 I-1 | 0.73 | I-1 co | 590/ 450 | |
| •χΠ co | C4 I-1 | 24 . δ | 00 o | 23.5 | | 0.075| | co •χΤ | o | o | 14.0 | O | CD I-1 | 04 I-1 | | 60 0 | o 00 I-1 | 0.13 I | Lf) i—1 | r- r- | I-1 I-1 | 21.3 | 260 | | 140 | >r> I-1 | r- o | 0.71 | •χΤ 04 | 740/ 380 | |
| co co | C4 I—1 | 20.1 | 00 o | 22.1 | | |0.09l| | co •χΤ | O | o | 14.0 | O | r- I-1 | 04 I-1 | I-1 I-1 o | | 2.04 I | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | >r> r- | CD O | 22.0 | 220 | | o 04 I-1 | •χΤ I-1 | CD O | 0.70 | Lf) 04 | 590/ 380 | |
| C4 co | o | 14.0 | 00 o | 21.7 | | 0.083| | C4 •χΤ | O | o | 14.0 | O | •χΤ I-1 | 04 I-1 | 0.12 1 | | 2.48 | | o I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | 04 r- | 04 I-1 | 25.3 | o 00 I-1 | o o I-1 | Lf) I-1 | Γ- O | 0.71 | >r> 04 | 230/ 380 | |
| I-1 co | C4 I—1 | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.1 | | |0.09l| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | r- I-1 | Lf) I-1 | •χΤ I-1 o | | 2.55 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | 04 r- | CD O | 26.0 | o 00 I-1 | o CD | Lf) i—1 | Γ- O | 0.71 | co I-1 | 590/ 380 | |
| o co | o | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.3 | | |0.093| | co •χΤ | O O I—1 | o | 16.0 | O Lf) | CD I-1 | Lf) I-1 | •χΤ I-1 o | | 2.32 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | 04 r- | CD O | 31.0 | 210 | | O O I-1 | •χΤ I-1 | 00 o | 0.71 | >r> I-1 | 590/ 450 | |
| cn C4 | o | 14.0 | 00 o | 21.7 | | 0.083| | C4 •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) r- | •χΤ I-1 | Lf) I-1 | 0.13 1 | | 3.11 | | 0.12 I | Lf) i—1 | 00 >r> | I-1 I-1 | 30.8 | 120 | | o >r> | Lf) I-1 | I-1 I-1 | 0.73 | 00 I-1 | 230/ 380 | |
| 00 C4 | C4 I-1 | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.1 | | |0.09l| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) r- | r- I-1 | Lf) I-1 | 0.13 | | | 2.55 | | 0.12 | | Lf) i—1 | Lf) r- | I-1 I-1 | 27.1 | o 00 I-1 | o CD | o I-1 | 00 o | 04 Γ- O | o co | 590/ 380 | |
| r- C4 | C4 I—1 | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.1 | | |0.09l| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 16.0 | Lf) r- | 00 I-1 | Lf) I-1 | 0.12 | | 1 2.41 | | 0.13 | | Lf) i—1 | 04 r- | CD O | 28.3 | 220 | | 120 | I-1 I-1 | o I-1 | 0.71 | •χΤ 04 | 590/ 450 | |
| k£> C4 | o | 24 . δ | 00 o | 23.5 | | |0.075| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 16.0 | Lf) Γ- | o 04 | Lf) I-1 | •χΤ I-1 o | 1 2.14 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | Lf) r- | >r> I-1 | 27.1 | 230 | | o •χΤ I-1 | Lf) I-1 | r- o | 0.71 | •χΤ 04 | 740/ 450 | |
| Lf) C4 | o | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.3 | |0.093| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 16.0 | Lf) Γ- | 00 I-1 | Lf) I-1 | •χΤ I-1 o | I-1 «X1 04 | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | co r- | I-1 I-1 | 29.0 | o I-1 04 | o o I-1 | •χΤ I-1 | r- o | 0.70 | Lf) 04 | 590/ 450 | |
| •xT C4 | o | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.3 | | |0.093| | co •χΤ | O O I-1 | o | 16.0 | o Lf) | CD I-1 | Lf) i—1 | 0.13 1 | | 2.32 | | 0.12 I | Lf) i—1 | co r- | 04 I-1 | 34.0 | 220 | | o co I-1 | Lf) I-1 | 04 I-1 | 0.73 | I-1 04 | 550/ 450 | |
| CO C4 | C4 I-1 | 24 . δ | 00 o | 23.5 | | 0.075| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | CD I-1 | Lf) i—1 | 0.12 | | | S3·3 | | 0.13 | | Lf) i—1 | Lf) r- | co I-1 | 26.0 | 200 | | o I-1 I-1 | Lf) i—1 | r- o | 04 Γ- O | co co | 740/ 380 | |
| C4 C4 | C4 I—1 | 20. ! | 00 o | 22.1 | | |0.09l| | co •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | r- I-1 | Lf) i—1 | •χΤ I-1 o | | 2.55 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | 04 r- | o I-1 | 27.0 | o r- I-1 | o CD | •χΤ I-1 | r- o | 0.71 | 04 co | 590/ 380 | |
| I—1 C4 | o | 14.0 | 00 o | 21.7 | | |0.083| | C4 •χΤ | Lf) Γ- | o | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | •χΤ I-1 | Lf) i—1 | 0.13 1 | | 3.11 | | 0.12 I | Lf) i—1 | r- kO | 04 I-1 | 30.8 | 130 | | o >r> | >r> I-1 | 04 I-1 | 0.73 | CD 04 | 230/ 380 | |
| Units | £ a a | o | 0\0 | Cn | ppm | A/5 | a | Cn | 0 Cn | 0\0 | 0\0 | o\o | o co | 2 | O co | s | |||||||||||||
| Elemental titanium content | Fiber diameter | | IV value | | Full width half max. | | Birefringence | | Degree of crystallinity | Basis weight | | Elemental titanium content | Fiber diameter | | Basis weight | | Avg. fiber diameter | | Basis weight | | Thickness | | Surface area | | Avg. apparent density| | Thermocompression bonding area ratio | Transparency | | Boiling water shrinkage | Tensile strength | 10% cum. pore diameter| | Difference between 2.3% and 10% cum. pore diameter | Pore roundness (major axis/pore diameter) | Texture coefficient | | Resin IV value as nonwoven fabric | Heat sealing strength | Draft ratio | ||
| 1st Layer | 2nd Layer | Properties of Nonwoven Fabric | Spinning conditions |
ω ι—I ο
CO ω
I—I γΏ H
| Comparative Examples | | Lf) I-1 | o | 24. δ | | 00 o | 23.5 | | 0.075| | <r> •xT | o •χΤ | o | 16.0 | | o •χΤ | o <N | 00 | 0.07 | | | 1.14 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) I-1 | <N 00 | kO I-1 | 15.2 | 850 | | 520 | •xf1 I-1 | co I-1 | <N Γ- O | Γ- I-1 | 740/ 450 |
| •χΠ I-1 | o | 14.0 | o 00 o | 21.7 | | |0.083| | <N •χΤ | o o I-1 | o | 14.0 | o o I-1 | •χΤ I-1 | o <N | 0.20 | | «X1 I-1 «X1 | o I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | Lf) Lf) | Γ- o | 42.0 | 130 | | o Γ- | •χΤ I-1 | CD O | 0.70 | CD CO | 230/ 380 | |
| <r> I-1 | o | 14 · 0 | 0.65 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15.0 | | •χΤ I-1 | Lf) I—1 | 0.14 | | | 3.11 I | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | r- kO | Lf) <N | o 00 I-1 | 130 | | o Γ- | co I-1 | O I-1 | 1 | I-1 •χΤ | 230 | ||||
| <N I—1 | 3000 | 14.0 | 0.70 | | 21.4 | | 0.090| | <N •χΤ | Lf) | 3000 | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | •χΤ I-1 | Lf) i—1 | 0.12 | | | 3.11 | | 0.13 I | Lf) i—1 | 00 Lf) | Γ- O | 31.0 | 130 | | o Γ- | Lf) I-1 | <N I—1 | 0.62 | I-1 co | 230/ 380 | |
| I-1 I-1 | 3000 | 14.0 | o 00 o | 21.4 | | o o I-1 o | <N •χΤ | Lf) | 3000 | 14.0 | Lf) Γ- | •χΤ I-1 | Lf) i—1 | •χΤ I-1 o | | 3.11 | | I-1 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | 00 Lf) | Γ- O | 29.0 | 140 | | o kO | Lf) I-1 | <N I—1 | 0.68 | Γ- <N | 230/ 380 | |
| o I-1 | o | 30.0 | o 00 o | 22.7 | | |0.074| | <N •χΤ | o •χΤ | o co | o •χΤ | 00 I-1 o | yo 00 co | 0.22 | | Lf) i—1 | I-1 kO | I-1 I-1 | 37.8 | o o I-1 | o Lf) | kO I-1 | •χΤ I-1 | <N Γ- O | •χΤ o | 942 | ||||
| cn | o | 50.0 | o 00 o | 26.4 | | o I-1 o o | <r> Oi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.71 | 1 | 347 | ||||
| 00 | o | 30.3 | | o 00 o | 25.1 | | |0.020| | Γ- <N | o <N | o co | o <N | I-1 I-1 o | | 1.91 | | 0.19 I | Lf) I-1 | Lf) Γ- | Lf) <N | Γ- Γ- | 340 | | 120 | Lf) I-1 | co I-1 | <N Γ- O | Lf) o | 191 | ||||
| Γ- | o | 30.3 | | 0.65 1 | 24.5 | | |0.052| | kO co | <N I—1 | o co | <N I—1 | | 60 0 | | 1.15 | | •χΤ I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | I-1 00 | CD O | I-1 kO | 790 | | o o •χΤ | •χΤ I-1 | 00 o | 0.61 | <N O | 942 | ||||
| kO | <N I-1 | 30.3 | | 0.65 | | I 9 ’ tV | |0.055| | r- co | o <N | o co | o <N | I-1 I-1 o | | 1.91 | | 00 I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | •χΤ Γ- | O I-1 | 15.4 | o o •χΤ | 140 | •χΤ I-1 | I-1 I-1 | 0.61 | •χΤ o | 942 | ||||
| Lf) | <N I—1 | 30.3 | 0.65 | o Lf) <N | |0.055| | r- co | <N I—1 | o co | <N I—1 | 60 0 | Lf) i—1 I-1 | •χΤ I-1 o | Lf) i—1 | I-1 00 | CD O | <N kO | o o 00 | 360 | Lf) I-1 | 00 o | 0.61 | <N O | 942 | ||||
| •xT | <N I—1 | 25.8 | 0.65 | | 24.3 | | |0.062| | o •χΤ | <N I—1 | kO <N | <N I—1 | 00 o o | | 1.35 I | 0.16 I | Lf) i—1 | 00 Γ- | kO o | I-1 CD | 540 | | 300 | co I-1 | CD o | 0.60 | <N O | 1304 | ||||
| <r> | <N I—1 | 20.4 | | 0.65 | | 24.1 | | 0.077| | <N •χΤ | <N I—1 | o <N | <N I—1 | 0.07 1 | | 1.71 | | 0.17 | | Lf) i—1 | •xT Γ- | Lf) o | 13.4 | 300 | | 210 | Lf) I-1 | CD O | 0.58 | <N O | 2120 | ||||
| <N | <N I—1 | 12 · 0 | o 00 o | 22.5 | | |0.089| | •χΤ | o <N | <N I-1 | o <N | o I-1 o | | 4.83 | | 0.21 | | Lf) i—1 | Γ- Lf) | kO o | 47.0 | o Lf) | o Γ- | Lf) I-1 | CD O | 0.73 | I-1 o | 545 | ||||
| I-1 | 3000 | 20.0 | o 00 o | 24.2 | | |0.078| | 00 •χΤ | O <N | o <N | O <N | o I-1 o | | 2.90 | | 0.20 | | Lf) i—1 | CD Lf) | Lf) o | 25.0 | 160 | | o CD | •χΤ I-1 | CO I-1 | <N Γ- O | I-1 o | 2120 | ||||
| Units | £ a a | 4 | 1 T.-m= | oP | Cn | ppm | 4 | ν/β | 4 | Cn | 0 Cn | O\o | oP | oP | o CO | 2 | o co | s | |||||||||||
| Elemental titanium content | Fiber diameter | | IV value | | Full width half max. | | Birefringence | | Degree of crystallinity | Basis weight | | Elemental titanium content | Fiber diameter | | Basis weight | | Avg. fiber diameter | | Basis weight | | Thickness | | Surface area | | Avg. apparent density| | Thermocompression bonding area ratio | Transparency | | Boiling water shrinkage | Tensile strength | 10% cum. pore diameter| | Difference between 2.3% and 10% cum. pore diameter | Pore roundness (major axis/pore diameter) | Texture coefficient | | Resin IV value as nonwoven fabric | Heat sealing strength | Draft ratio | ||
| 1st Layer | 2nd Layer | Properties of Nonwoven Fabric | Spinning conditions |
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY [0135]
The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers of the present invention can be preferably used as a filter for food due to the superior transparency, dimensional stability, powder leakage and component extractability thereof.
Claims (18)
1. A single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers having an inorganic particle content of 0 ppm to 100 ppm, 10% cumulative pore diameter of less than 1000 pm, difference between 10% cumulative pore diameter and 2.3% cumulative pore diameter of 500 or less, and basis weight of 10 g/m2 to 30 g/m2.
2. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to claim 1, wherein the thermocompression bonding area ratio is 5% to 40% and the average apparent density is 0.1 g/cm3 to 0.5 g/cm3.
3. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average fiber diameter is 13 pm to 40 pm.
4. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
3, wherein at least one layer is composed of fibers having an average value of the full width half maximum of peak width, based on C=O groups in the vicinity of 1740 cut1 as observed in a Raman spectrum, of 18 cut1 to 24 cut1.
5. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
4, wherein at least one layer is composed of fibers having a degree of crystallinity of 30% to 50%.
6. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
5, wherein at least one layer is composed of fibers having birefringence of 0.04 to 0.12.
7. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
6, wherein transparency is 60% or more.
8. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
7, wherein boiling water shrinkage is 2.0% or less.
9. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
8, wherein the texture coefficient is 0.5 to 2.0.
10. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
9, wherein the tensile strength of at least one layer is 5 N/30 mm or more.
11. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
10, wherein at least one layer contains low melting point fibers having a melting point of 240°C or lower.
12. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
11, which is composed of a laminated nonwoven fabric in which the following layers a and b are integrated into a single unit by thermocompression bonding:
layer a: non-woven fabric of long polyester fibers composed of a low melting point resin for which the difference in melting point with a high melting point resin is 30°C to 150°C; and, layer b: non-woven fabric of long polyester fibers composed of the high melting point resin.
13. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
12, having a structure in which the fiber orientation of the nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers differs in the cross-sectional direction.
14. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
13, wherein at least one layer is composed of a resin containing 0% to 25% of isophthalic acid.
15. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to
14, wherein the inorganic particles are titanium oxide.
16. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to claim 15, composed of a resin having an elemental titanium content of 0 ppm to 0.1 ppm.
17. The single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the intrinsic viscosity (IV) value of the resin after having been formed into a nonwoven fabric is
5 0.6 or more .
18. A filter for food comprising the single-layer or multilayer fabric of long polyester fibers according to any of claims 1 to 17.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015077130 | 2015-04-03 | ||
| PCT/JP2016/060739 WO2016159266A1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2016-03-31 | Single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, and filter comprising same for food |
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|---|---|
| GB201716072D0 GB201716072D0 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| GB2555721A true GB2555721A (en) | 2018-05-09 |
| GB2555721B GB2555721B (en) | 2021-03-03 |
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| GB1716072.2A Active GB2555721B (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2016-03-31 | Single-layer or multilayer nonwoven fabric of long polyester fibers, and filter comprising same for food |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (2) | JP6657189B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101952528B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107429459B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2555721B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI624571B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016159266A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018216047A1 (en) * | 2017-05-20 | 2018-11-29 | 大紀商事株式会社 | Sheet material for infusion, filter for infusion, and bag for infusion |
| WO2020196340A1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-10-01 | 旭化成株式会社 | Non-woven fabric for sterilization packaging material |
| CN111729403B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2022-07-12 | 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 | Air filtering material and application thereof |
| CN110079890A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-02 | 绍兴喜能纺织科技有限公司 | A kind of bicomponent composite fibre and preparation method thereof |
| CN110589245A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-20 | 南昌蒸鼎科技开发有限公司 | Closed self-heating container |
| JP6775863B1 (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-28 | 大紀商事株式会社 | Sheet material for extraction |
| KR102497942B1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2023-02-09 | 주식회사 제이케이상사 | eco-friendly biodegradability manufacturing methods of non-woven filter |
| CN114762783B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-04-02 | 杭州诗蓝过滤科技有限公司 | Multilayer composite liquid filtering material |
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- 2016-03-31 JP JP2017510207A patent/JP6657189B2/en active Active
- 2016-03-31 CN CN201680015024.1A patent/CN107429459B/en active Active
- 2016-03-31 KR KR1020177025786A patent/KR101952528B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-03-31 WO PCT/JP2016/060739 patent/WO2016159266A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-03-31 TW TW105110377A patent/TWI624571B/en active
- 2016-03-31 GB GB1716072.2A patent/GB2555721B/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6657189B2 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
| JP6898482B2 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
| JPWO2016159266A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
| CN107429459B (en) | 2020-04-14 |
| GB2555721B (en) | 2021-03-03 |
| WO2016159266A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
| CN107429459A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
| KR20170117525A (en) | 2017-10-23 |
| GB201716072D0 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| JP2020073751A (en) | 2020-05-14 |
| TWI624571B (en) | 2018-05-21 |
| KR101952528B1 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
| TW201643289A (en) | 2016-12-16 |
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