GB2390438A - Vehicle control and warning system. - Google Patents

Vehicle control and warning system. Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2390438A
GB2390438A GB0215165A GB0215165A GB2390438A GB 2390438 A GB2390438 A GB 2390438A GB 0215165 A GB0215165 A GB 0215165A GB 0215165 A GB0215165 A GB 0215165A GB 2390438 A GB2390438 A GB 2390438A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vehicle
location
restrictions
emission
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0215165A
Other versions
GB0215165D0 (en
Inventor
Jevon Thurston Thorpe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LONDON TAXIS INTERNAT Ltd
Original Assignee
LONDON TAXIS INTERNAT Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LONDON TAXIS INTERNAT Ltd filed Critical LONDON TAXIS INTERNAT Ltd
Priority to GB0215165A priority Critical patent/GB2390438A/en
Publication of GB0215165D0 publication Critical patent/GB0215165D0/en
Publication of GB2390438A publication Critical patent/GB2390438A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
    • G08G1/096716—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information does not generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K31/00—Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator
    • B60K31/0058—Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator responsive to externally generated signalling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K31/00—Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator
    • B60K31/18—Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator including a device to audibly, visibly, or otherwise signal the existence of unusual or unintended speed to the driver of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
    • F02D41/2422—Selective use of one or more tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0223—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving speed control of the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
    • G05D1/0274—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means using mapping information stored in a memory device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0276—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
    • G05D1/0278—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle using satellite positioning signals, e.g. GPS
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
    • G08G1/096725—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information generates an automatic action on the vehicle control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096733—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place
    • G08G1/09675—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place where a selection from the received information takes place in the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096766—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
    • G08G1/096791—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is another vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/22—Platooning, i.e. convoy of communicating vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0002—Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
    • B60W2050/0004—In digital systems, e.g. discrete-time systems involving sampling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • B60W2050/143—Alarm means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
    • B60W2530/213—Fuel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2555/00—Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
    • B60W2555/60—Traffic rules, e.g. speed limits or right of way
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2555/00—Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
    • B60W2555/60—Traffic rules, e.g. speed limits or right of way
    • B60W2555/80—Country specific, e.g. driver age limits or right hand drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
    • B60W2556/45—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle
    • B60W2556/50—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle of positioning data, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System] data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2048—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit said control involving a limitation, e.g. applying current or voltage limits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/228—Warning displays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/50—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F02D2200/501—Vehicle speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/70—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F02D2200/701—Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation system or GPS signal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The control system 100 determines the location of a vehicle and restrictions associated with the vehicles location. The vehicle is controlled in accordance with said restrictions. Such restrictions could be speed whereby the vehicles speed could be controlled or emissions whereby an EMU could be used to control the vehicles engine characteristics such as engine/valve timing. Further provided is a warning system(200, fig.2) which warns the driver of the emission restrictions and whether the vehicle has breached such restrictions. Preferably a GPS system is used to locate the vehicles position and the memory store of the control system can be update. This memory store could be a CD-ROM or RAM. The vehicle may have a plurality of power plants or be adapted to use a plurality of fuels, the vehicle could be a hybrid vehicle.

Description

J - 1 2390438
VEHICLE CONTROL AND WARNING SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
5 The present invention relates to vehicle control and warning systems which determine a location of a vehicle and any restrictions associated with the vehiclets location, and which may then control the vehicle in accordance with any determined restrictions and/or warn a driver of the vehicle of any determined restrictions. Such restrictions may be any fonn of location related restrictions which act to limit operation of the vehicle, for example speed 10 or emission restrictions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The number of vehicles on roads has been increasing ever since the motorised vehicle was 15 first developed. The ever increasing number of vehicles on the roads has caused an increase in the number of road accidents. In particular, accidents involving a vehicle and a pedestrian in urban areas have become more common. To this extent, speed restrictions have been increasingly used to force drivers of vehicles to limit a vehicle's speed when entering urban areas and/or other areas of high accident occurrence. For example, in the 20 United Kingdom, drivers are required by law to keep their speed under 30 mph in urban areas, whilst on motorways they are required to keep their speed under 70 mph. A number of other levels of speed restriction exist between these limits depending on the type of road and other factors, such as whether a certain area is particularly prone to the occurrence of road accidents.
Another problem associated with the increasing volume of traffic on roads is a corresponding increase in exhaust emissions from vehicles. Such emissions pollute the environment and, particularly in urban areas where traffic volume is high, can be detrimental to people's health. In this regard, restrictions on vehicle emissions have been 30 imposed on certain areas, particularly in urban areas of California in the USA where vehicle use is high. Vehicles can be legally required to have emission levels below certain levels, to use certain types of low emission fuels or use a power plant other than an internal combustion engine.
A problem with the aforementioned restrictions is that, since the restrictions can vary from area to area, it is often difficult for a driver of a vehicle to know exactly what restrictions apply at a particular location. Sometimes, a driver might forget what restrictions are 5 currently in force at a particular location, or might simply chose to ignore the restrictions.
Hence, there are problems in getting a driver to adhere to restrictions and enforcing restrictions on drivers and their vehicles.
There are a number of systems currently available for identifying and warning drivers of 10 speed restrictions on roads. One such system is described in United Kingdom Patent Application No. 0017255.1, in which there is a system which calculates the location and speed of a vehicle, compares the calculated data with stored data defining the locations of roads and their speed limits and alerts the driver if the vehicle's speed exceeds the speed limit for the road on which it is travelling. However, such a system is inherently passive in IS operation, in that the driver is merely warned if the vehicle's speed is excessive and the driver can choose to ignore the warning should he so desire. Thus, there is no way that a vehicle is forced to comply with speed restrictions. Moreover, there is no capability for warning the driver that other traffic restrictions are applicable to a particular location, for example emission restrictions.
Thus, what is required is a system and method for controlling a vehicle in accordance with location-based restrictions to ensure that the vehicle complies with the restrictions.
Additionally, there is a requirement for a system and method of warning a driver what, if any, emission restrictions apply to the location of the vehicle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing and in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle control system, comprising: 30 location means to determine a location of a vehicle and at least one restriction associated with the location of the vehicle; and control means to control the vehicle in accordance with the determined restrictions.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the control means can control the speed of the vehicle. More particularly, the control means may restrict the speed of the vehicle.
Hence, if the restrictions are speed restrictions, the speed of the vehicle can be kept below a speed limit which is in force at a particular location. Additionally, if the restrictions are emission restrictions, the speed of the vehicle can be adjusted to reduce exhaust emission levels from the vehicle.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, the control means can change ignition timing and/or valve timing of an engine in the vehicle. Thus, exhaust emission levels can be controlled.
15 In a third embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle is powered by a plurality of power plants in the vehicle, the control means can select one of the power plants to power the vehicle. For example, if the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, having both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, the control means can select the electric motor in areas where use of internal combustion engines is prohibited.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, if the vehicle is adapted to use a plurality of fuels, the control means can select the fuel for use by the vehicle. Thus, if one of the fuels is adapted for low emissions and another fuel is adapted for high performance, the low emission fuel can be selected when entering a low emission zone.
Preferably, the location means comprises a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
Alternatively, the location means comprises a receiver for receiving location signals from other satellite-based location systems (e.g. Galileo in Europe) or terrestrial-based systems (e.g. using Cell of Origin (COO) cellular communication systems).
Preferably, if the vehicle includes an engine management unit (EMU), the control means can interact with the EMU to control actuators connected to the EMU. Alternatively, the control means and location means may be incorporated in the EMU.
Preferably, the location means comprises memory adapted to store data relating to one or more geographic zones of restrictions and a processor adapted to compare the location of the vehicle with the data stored in the memory and determine if the vehicle is within one or 5 more of the geographic zones andlor proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the memory is a changeable read only memory (ROM) device, such as a CD-ROM. As such, replacement of the CD-ROM 10 allows changes to the geographic zones to be easily incorporated into the system.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the memory is random access memory (RAM) and the location means further comprises a receiver adapted to receive updated data over a wireless data link and transfer the data to the memory. The wireless data link 15 may be a cellular network or other radio data link and the restrictions may be localised to a particular cell of a cellular network or local radio broadcast. Moreover, there may be local radio broadcasts for each restriction at each geographical zone boundary or at each geographical zone boundary crossing point. Thus, changes to the geographic zones can be incorporated into the system without the driver or anyone else having to intervene.
Preferably, the control system comprises display means adapted to notify a driver of the vehicle when the location means determines that the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
The display means may comprise a display driver and an LCD screen fixed to a dashboard 25 of the vehicle.
Preferably, the display means is further adapted to warn the driver how the control means intends to control the vehicle prior to initiation of a control sequence.
30 Preferably, the control system further comprises means adapted to override the control means, thereby preventing the control means controlling operation of the vehicle. Being able to override the control means is necessary for safety reasons.
In one embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the restrictions are speed restrictions. One or more of the speed restrictions may be weather dependent, for example a lower speed limit on certain roads may apply in rain. Such changes in speed restrictions may be initiated externally from the vehicle and transmitted to the vehicle across a wireless 5 data link, as mentioned above. However, the vehicle control system may further comprise weather detection means for determining weather conditions and signalling such weather conditions to the location means, the location means determining a speed restriction for the weather conditions.
10 In another embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the restrictions are emission restrictions.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle incorporating a control system as described above.
Preferably, the vehicle comprises an engine management unit (EMU), wherein the EMU receives signals from transducers in the vehicle, the control means controlling the vehicle according to the signals from the transducers, the location of the vehicle and one or more traffic restrictions associated with the location of the vehicle.
In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided: location means to determine a location of a vehicle and emission restrictions associated with the location of the vehicle; and indication means to warn a driver of the vehicle of the emission restrictions.
Preferably, the location means comprises a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
Alternatively, the location means comprises a receiver for receiving location signals from other satellite-based location systems (e.g. Galileo in Europe) or terrestrial-based systems (e.g. using Cell of Origin (COO) cellular communication systems).
Preferably? the warning system further comprises detection means to measure one or more emission levels of the vehicle, wherein the indication means is further adapted to warn a driver of the vehicle of the emission restrictions if one or more emission levels of the
vehicle are outside limits of the emission restrictions. Thus, the driver can take appropriate steps to avoid the emission restriction or ensure that emissions from the vehicle comply with the emission restriction.
5 Preferably, the indication means is further adapted to notify a thirdparty if one or more emission levels of the vehicle are outside limits of the emission restrictions. Thus, law enforcement agencies can easily monitor when emission restrictions are not complied with.
Preferably, the indication means comprises a transmitter adapted to transmit notification 10 that one or more emission levels of the vehicle is outside limits of the emission restrictions across a wireless data link to a third-party.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the location means comprises memory adapted to store data relating to one or more geographic zones of emission restrictions and IS a processor adapted to compare the location of the vehicle with the data stored in the memory and determine if the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
Preferably, the memory is a changeable read only memory (ROM) device, such as a CD 20 ROM. As such, replacement of the CD-ROM allows changes to the geographic zones to be easily incorporated into the system.
Preferably, the memory is updateable random access memory (RAM) and the location means further comprises a receiver adapted to receive updated data over a wireless data 25 link and transfer the data to the memory. Thus, changes to the geographic zones can be incorporated into the system without the driver or anyone else having to intervene.
Preferably, the indication means is further adapted to warn a driver of the vehicle when the location means determines that the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones 30 and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle incorporating a warning system as described above.
In accordance with a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a vehicle, comprising the steps of: determining a location of the vehicle; 5 determining one or more traffic restrictions associated with the location of the vehicle; and controlling the vehicle in accordance with one or more of the traffic restrictions.
In accordance with a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of 10 warning a user of a vehicle of the presence of emission restrictions, comprising the steps of: determining a location of the vehicle; determining one or more emission restrictions associated with the location of the vehicle; and 15 warning a driver of the vehicle of the emission restrictions.
Preferably, the method comprises the further steps of: measuring one or more emission levels from the vehicle; and warning a driver of the vehicle if one or more emission levels of the vehicle is 20 outside limits of the emission restrictions.
BRIEF DESCRIPI ION Ol? DRAWINGS Specific embodiments of the present invention are now described, by way of example only, 25 with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows the components of a control system according to one aspect of the present invention; 30 Fig. 2 shows the components of a warning system according to another aspect of the present invention; and Fig. 3 shows a vehicle approaching an emission zone.
DETAILEI) DESCRIPI ION OF DRAWINGS
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be implemented in a 5 number of different forms and embodiments and is not specifcal]y limited in form to the particular embodiment described herein. In particular, the present invention will be discussed below in connection with zones of emission restrictions, although those of ordinary skill will recognise that the system could be modified to be used with other types of restrictions, such as speed restrictions, headlight restrictions (e.g. where full beam is 10 prohibited).
Referring to Fig. 1, a vehicle control system (100) is shown having location means (102) and control means (104). The location means (102) comprises an antenna (110) for receiving GPS signals from GPS satellites, a GPS receiver (112) for determining the 15 location of a vehicle in which the vehicle control system (100) is incorporated, a CD-ROM drive (114) which reads emission restriction location data from a CD-ROM and comparison means (116) for comparing the location of the vehicle with the emission restriction location data.
20 Interaction means (106) comprises display means (142) and a keypad (140). The display means (142) receives signals from the comparison means (116) and displays location information on a display screen to a driver of the vehicle. The location information may be displayed as a graphical map showing the vehicle's current location, the location and nature of any current emission restrictions and other emission zones which are either proximate to 25 the vehicle's current location or likely to be entered by the vehicle if it continues on its present route.
The comparison means (116) generates location signals (130) which include information about the current location, heading and speed of the vehicle, what emission restrictions are 30 currently in force at the vehicle's current location, what other emission zones are proximate to the vehicle and whether the vehicle is approaching a boundary of an emission zone.
Control means (104) receives the location signals (130) from the comparison means (116) and other vehicle data, for example vehicle speed, rpm, emission levels and/or currently selected gear, from an engine management unit (EMU) (190) in the vehicle. A control algorithm (120) within the control means (104) interprets the location signals (130) and 5 other vehicle data and generates appropriate signals to send either directly to actuators (122) or back to the EMU (190), which may itself control other actuators in the vehicle.
Depending on the location and type of the determined emission restrictions, the control algorithm (120) generates appropriate control signals (132) for the actuators (122). For 10 example, where an electric engine can only be used in a particular zone, in a hybrid vehicle having both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, an actuator will switch the drive of the vehicle to the electric motor on entry into the zone.
The control algorithm (120) warns a driver of the vehicle what action is intended before it 15 occurs by signalling a proposed control sequence to the display screen. The driver can then choose to override control of the vehicle through operation of the keypad (140). The keypad (140) can send signals to the location means (102) and the control means (104) and allows characteristics of the system to be modified.
20 The comparison means (116) and control means (104) are integrated as separate functional components within an embedded micro-controller (180), having a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM) containing program code. 25 The vehicle control system (100) of Fig. 1 has been described in connection with emission restrictions. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that an alternative embodiment of the invention could employ the control system (100) for use with speed restrictions, whereby, for example, speed of the vehicle is adjusted to conform with acceptable levels.
Referring to Fig. 2, a vehicle warning system (200) is shown having location means (202), indication means (206) and detection means (204). The location means (202) comprises an
antenna (210), a GPS receiver (212), a CD-ROM drive (214) and comparison means (216), as described above.
The detection means (204) detects current emission levels in the exhaust of a vehicle from 5 transducers in the exhaust path to generate an emission level signal (238). The detection means (204) may be included as part of an engine management unit (EMU) in the vehicle.
By comparing the current location, heading and speed of the vehicle, what emission restrictions are currently in force at the vehicle's current location, what other emission 10 zones are proximate to the vehicle and whether the vehicle is approaching a boundary of an emission zone with the current emission levels, the comparison means (216) generates an indication signal (230) when the current emission levels are outside an acceptable range of emission levels in the current emission zone or in an emission zone which might be entered by the vehicle if it continues on its present route.
The indication signal (230) contains information indicating that current emission levels are outside an acceptable range or likely to be outside an acceptable range of the current zone's emission levels if the vehicle continues on its present route. The comparison means (216) also generates corrective information in the indication signal (230) about action a driver of 20 the vehicle should take to avoid exceeding the emission levels in the current emission zone or an emission zone which is about to be entered by the vehicle.
The indication means (206) comprises display means (220), including an LCD display screen on the dashboard of the vehicle, and audio means (222).
The indication signal (230) received from the comparison means (216) causes an appropriate warning to be displayed to a driver of the vehicle on the display screen. In addition, an audible warning, such as an electronically generated voice, is generated by the audio means (222) to warn the driver of boundaries of nearby emission zones or emission 30 restrictions relating to the current location of the vehicle. Moreover, both the display means (220) and the audio means (222) relay information to a driver of the vehicle about action the driver should take to avoid exceeding the emission levels in the current emission zone or an emission zone which is about to be entered by the vehicle Such information is
generated by the comparison means (216) by looking up Redefined courses of action in memory. Referring to Fig. 3, locations of a vehicle incorporating the control system (100) and/or 5 warning system (200) are shown.
The type of emission restrictions in-force in emission zones may vary between the emission zones. For example, a particular emission zone may restrict the levels of emissions depending on the levels of certain analyses in the exhaust of a vehicle's engine 10 (e.g. nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide etc.). Another zone may restrict the type of engine that can be used in a particular zone, for example one zone may restrict use of vehicles to vehicles using electric engines. Alternatively, an emission restriction for a particular zone may be based on the type of fuel which is allowed in a particular zone (e.g. unleaded petrol or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)).
An example of how the warning system (200) of Fig. 1 operates in relation to Pig. 3 is now described. An emission zone (300) is deemed that prohibits the use of internal combustion engines in vehicles within it. At a first location (311), the GPS receiver (112) determines the location of a hybrid vehicle having both an internal combustion engine and an electric 20 motor and incorporating the control system of Fig. 1. The first location (311) is passed to the comparison means (116). The comparison means (116) determines from data stored in the CD-ROM drive (114) that emission restrictions are not in force at the first location (311). Signals passed from the comparison means (116) to the display means (142) notify the driver that no emission restrictions are currently in-force.
At a second location (312), the comparison means (116) determines that the vehicle is moving towards the emission zone (300) and determines from the CD-ROM drive (114) that the use of internal combustion engines is not allowed in the emission zone (300).
Signals passed from the comparison means (116) to the display means (142) notify the 30 driver that no emission restrictions are currently in-force, but that the vehicle appears to be approaching an emission zone (300) in which the use of internal combustion engines is prohibited. In addition, location signals (130) are passed from the comparison means (116) to the control algorithm (120), which determines from the EMU (190) that the internal
combustion engine is currently powering the vehicle. The control algorithm determines that at a boundary (302) of the emission zone (300) the electric motor in the vehicle will have to be used to power the vehicle instead of the internal combustion engine. Signals passed from the control algorithm (120) to the display means (142) notify the driver that 5 such a course of action will be taken unless the driver indicates otherwise by operating the keypad (140).
At a third location (313) on the boundary (302) of the emission zone (300) , the comparison means (116) determines that the vehicle has just moved into the emission zone (300) and 10 that the use of internal combustion engines is not allowed. Signals passed from the comparison means (116) to the display means (142) notify the driver of such an emission restriction. In addition, location signals (130) are passed from the comparison means (116) to the control algorithm (120), which determines from the EMU (190) that the internal combustion engine is currently powering the vehicle. The control algorithm determines 15 that the electric motor in the vehicle should be used to power the vehicle instead of the internal combustion engine. Control signals (132) generated by the control algorithm (120) are sent to the actuators (122) which activate the electric motor and deactivate the internal combustion engine. Signals passed from the control algorithm (120) to the display means (142) notify the driver that such a course of action has been taken.
An example of how the control system (100) of Fig. 2 operates in relation to Fig. 3 is now described. The emission zone (300) is defined such that nitrous oxide emission levels from vehicles are required to be kept below a certain level. At a first location (311), the GPS receiver (212) determines the location of a vehicle incorporating the warning system (200) 25 of Fig. 2. The first location (311) is passed to the comparison means (216). The comparison means (216) determines from data stored in the CD-ROM drive (214) that emission restrictions are not in force at the first location (311). Indication signals (230) passed from the comparison means (216) to the display means (220) notifying the driver that no emission restrictions are currently in-force.
At a second location (312), the comparison means (216) determines that the vehicle is moving towards the emission zone (300) and determines from the CD-ROM drive (214) that nitrous oxide emission levels from the vehicle should be below a certain level in the
emission zone (300). The detection means (204) detects a nitrous oxide emission level in the exhaust of the vehicle and sends signals to the comparison means (216). Signals passed from the comparison means (216) to the display means (220) notify the driver that no emission restrictions are currently in-force, but that the vehicle appears to be 5 approaching an emission zone (300) in which there is a restricted nitrous oxide emission level. In addition, if the detected nitrous oxide level is above the restricted nitrous oxide level, signals are passed from the comparison means (216) to the display means (220) notifying the driver. The comparison means (216) further determines an appropriate course of action which should be taken to avoid exceeding the restricted nitrous oxide 10 emission level and sends signals to the display means (220) thereby notifying the driver what action could be taken.
At a third location (313) on the boundary (302) of the emission zone (300) , the comparison means (216) determines that the vehicle has just moved into the emission zone (300).
15 From signals received from the detection means (204), the comparison means (216) determines whether detected nitrous oxide levels exceed the restricted nitrous oxide levels.
Indication signals (230) generated by the comparison means (216) are passed to the display means (220) to notify the driver if detected nitrous oxide levels exceed the restricted nitrous oxide levels. Moreover, if detected nitrous oxide levels do exceed the restricted 20 nitrous oxide levels, then an audible warning is generated by the audio means (222) warning the driver to take inunediate action.
In conclusion, the systems and methods described above significantly reduce the obstacles
associated with ensuring vehicles comply with traffic restrictions. The present invention 25 promotes improved awareness of traffic restrictions by the driver and allows effective monitoring of any non-compliance with the traffic restrictions by third parties, such as law enforcement agencies.
It will of course be understood that the present invention has been described above purely 30 by way of example, and that modifications of detail can be made within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A vehicle control system, comprising: location means to determine a location of a vehicle and at least one restriction 5 associated with the location of the vehicle; and control means to control the vehicle in accordance with the determined restrictions.
2. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the control means can control the speed of the vehicle.
3. A control system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the control means can restrict the speed of the vehicle.
4. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control 15 means can change ignition timing and/or valve timing of an engine in the vehicle.
5. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein if the vehicle is powered by a plurality of power plants in the vehicle, the control means can select one of the power plants to power the vehicle.
6. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein if the vehicle is adapted to use a plurality of fuels, the control means can select the fuel for use by the vehicle.
25 7. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the location means comprises a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
8. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, if the vehicle includes an engine management unit (EMU), the control means can interact with 30 the EMU to control actuators connected to the EMU.
9. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the location means comprises memory adapted to store data relating to one or more geographic
zones of traffic restrictions and a processor adapted to compare the location of the vehicle with the data stored in the memory and determine if the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones. 10. A control system according to claim 9, wherein the memory is a changeable read only memory (ROM) device, such as a CD-ROM.
11. A control system according to claim 9, wherein the memory is random access 10 memory (RAM) and the location means further comprises a receiver adapted to receive updated data over a wireless data link and transfer the data to the memory.
12. A control system according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising display means adapted to notify a driver of the vehicle when the location means determines that 15 the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
13. A control system according to claim 12, wherein the display means is further adapted to warn the driver how the control means intends to control the vehicle prior to 20 initiation of a control sequence.
14. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising means adapted to override the control means, thereby preventing the control means controlling operation of the vehicle.
15. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more of the restrictions are speed restrictions.
16. A control system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or 30 more of the restrictions are emission restrictions.
17. A vehicle incorporating a control system according to any preceding claim.
18. A vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the vehicle comprises an engine management unit and transducers, wherein the EMU receives signals from the transducers, the control means controlling the vehicle according to the signals from the transducers, the location of the vehicle and one or more traffic restrictions associated with the location of 5 the vehicle.
19. A warning system for a vehicle, comprising: location means to determine a location of a vehicle and emission restrictions associated with the location of the vehicle; and 10 indication means to warn a driver of the vehicle of the emission restrictions.
20. A warning system according to claim 19, wherein the location means comprises a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
15 21. A warning system according to claim 19 or claim 20, further comprising detection means to measure one or more emission levels of the vehicle, wherein the indication means is further adapted to warn a driver of the vehicle of the emission restrictions if one or more emission levels of the vehicle are outside limits of the emission restrictions.
20 22. A warning system according to claim 21, wherein the indication means is further adapted to notify a third-party if one or more emission levels of the vehicle is outside limits of the emission restrictions.
23. A warning system according to claim 22, wherein said indication means comprises 25 a transmitter adapted to transmit notification that one or more emission levels of the vehicle is outside limits of the emission restrictions across a wireless data link to a third-
party. 24. A warning system according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the location 30 means comprises memory adapted to store data relating to one or more geographic zones of emission restrictions and a processor adapted to compare the location of the vehicle with the data stored in the memory and determine if the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
25. A warning system according to claim 24, wherein the memory is a changeable read only memory (ROM) device, such as a CD-ROM.
S 26. A warning system according to claim 24, wherein the memory is updateable random access memory (RAM) and the location means further comprises a receiver adapted to receive updated data over a wireless data link and transfer the data to the memory. 10 27. A warning system according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the indication means is further adapted to warn a driver of the vehicle when the location means determines that the vehicle is within one or more of the geographic zones and/or proximate to a boundary of one or more of the geographic zones.
IS 28. A vehicle incorporating a warning system according to any one of claims 19 to 27.
29. A method of controlling a vehicle, comprising the steps of: determining a location of the vehicle; determining one or more traffic restrictions associated with the location of the 20 vehicle; and controlling the vehicle in accordance with one or more of the traffic restrictions.
30. A method of wanting a user of a vehicle of the presence of emission restrictions, comprising the steps of: 25 determining a location of the vehicle; determining one or more emission restrictions associated with the location of the vehicle; and warning a driver of the vehicle of the emission restrictions.
30 31. A method according to claim 30, further comprising the steps of: measuring one or more emission levels from the vehicle; and warning a driver of the vehicle if one or more emission levels of the vehicle is outside limits of the emission restrictions.
32. A control system for a vehicle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5 33. A warning system for a vehicle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
34. A vehicle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
35. A method of controlling a vehicle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
36. A method of warning a user of a vehicle of the presence of emission restrictions' 15 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
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