FR2974314B1 - Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse - Google Patents

Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse

Info

Publication number
FR2974314B1
FR2974314B1 FR1153370A FR1153370A FR2974314B1 FR 2974314 B1 FR2974314 B1 FR 2974314B1 FR 1153370 A FR1153370 A FR 1153370A FR 1153370 A FR1153370 A FR 1153370A FR 2974314 B1 FR2974314 B1 FR 2974314B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
monolithic
catalysis
functions
preparation
coherent structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
FR1153370A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2974314A1 (fr
Inventor
Julien Souquet-Grumey
Herve Plaisantin
Sabine Valange
Jean-Michel Tatibouet
Jacques Thebault
Joel Barrault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
SNECMA Propulsion Solide SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR1153370A priority Critical patent/FR2974314B1/fr
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, SNECMA Propulsion Solide SA filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Priority to KR1020137030173A priority patent/KR20140066975A/ko
Priority to GB1318145.8A priority patent/GB2507875A/en
Priority to CN201280019519.3A priority patent/CN103492065A/zh
Priority to PCT/FR2012/050829 priority patent/WO2012143658A1/fr
Priority to US14/112,953 priority patent/US20140287912A1/en
Priority to JP2014505699A priority patent/JP2014515702A/ja
Priority to DE112012001773.0T priority patent/DE112012001773T5/de
Publication of FR2974314A1 publication Critical patent/FR2974314A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2974314B1 publication Critical patent/FR2974314B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/26Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
    • B01J31/28Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/18Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/32Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/34Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42Platinum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/44Palladium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/464Rhodium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/468Iridium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48Silver or gold
    • B01J23/50Silver
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48Silver or gold
    • B01J23/52Gold
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/72Copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74Iron group metals
    • B01J23/745Iron
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74Iron group metals
    • B01J23/75Cobalt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74Iron group metals
    • B01J23/755Nickel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0215Sulfur-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0225Sulfur-containing compounds comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts
    • B01J35/51
    • B01J35/58
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • B01J37/082Decomposition and pyrolysis
    • B01J37/084Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • B01J35/56
FR1153370A 2011-04-19 2011-04-19 Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse Active FR2974314B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1153370A FR2974314B1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2011-04-19 Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse
GB1318145.8A GB2507875A (en) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 Process for preparing a monolithic catalysis element comprising a fibrous support and said monolithic catalysis element
CN201280019519.3A CN103492065A (zh) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 包含纤维载体的整体式催化元件的制备方法以及所述整体式催化元件
PCT/FR2012/050829 WO2012143658A1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse
KR1020137030173A KR20140066975A (ko) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 섬유상 지지체를 포함하는 일체식 촉매 앨리먼트를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 상기 일체식 촉매 앨리먼트
US14/112,953 US20140287912A1 (en) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 Process for Preparing a Monolithic Catalysis Element Comprising a Fibrous Support and Said Monolithic Catalysis Element
JP2014505699A JP2014515702A (ja) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 繊維状支持体を含むモノリス触媒エレメントの製造方法、およびモノリス触媒エレメント
DE112012001773.0T DE112012001773T5 (de) 2011-04-19 2012-04-16 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines monolithischen Katalyseelements, umfassend einen faserigen Träger und das monolithische Katalyseelement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1153370A FR2974314B1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2011-04-19 Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2974314A1 FR2974314A1 (fr) 2012-10-26
FR2974314B1 true FR2974314B1 (fr) 2013-05-10

Family

ID=46197597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR1153370A Active FR2974314B1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2011-04-19 Procede de preparation d'un element monolithique de catalyse comprenant un support fibreux et ledit element monolithique de catalyse

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20140287912A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014515702A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140066975A (fr)
CN (1) CN103492065A (fr)
DE (1) DE112012001773T5 (fr)
FR (1) FR2974314B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2507875A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012143658A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101624389B1 (ko) * 2013-12-24 2016-05-25 주식회사 포스코 비공유결합 개질된 탄소구조체 및 이를 포함하는 탄소구조체/고분자 복합체
FR3033268B1 (fr) * 2015-03-05 2019-08-16 IFP Energies Nouvelles Catalyseur comprenant de l'or disperse de maniere homogene dans un support poreux
WO2019073876A1 (fr) * 2017-10-10 2019-04-18 日本電気株式会社 Dispositif de séparation de nanocarbone et méthode de séparation de nanocarbone

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2584106B1 (fr) 1985-06-27 1988-05-13 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles par aiguilletage de couches planes de materiau fibreux superposees et materiau fibreux utilise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
FR2557550B1 (fr) * 1983-12-28 1986-05-30 Europ Propulsion Procede et appareillage pour la fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles de revolution
FR2584107B1 (fr) 1985-06-27 1988-07-01 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication de structures de revolution tridimensionnelles par aiguilletage de couches de materiau fibreux et materiau utilise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US6346136B1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2002-02-12 Ping Chen Process for forming metal nanoparticles and fibers
FR2832649B1 (fr) 2001-11-23 2004-07-09 Sicat Composites a base de nanotubes ou nanofibres de carbone deposes sur un support active pour application en catalyse
US7296691B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2007-11-20 Kx Technologies Llc Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers
FR2844510B1 (fr) * 2002-09-12 2006-06-16 Snecma Propulsion Solide Structure fibreuse tridimensionnelle en fibres refractaires, procede pour sa realisation et application aux materiaux composites thermostructuraux
FR2892644B1 (fr) * 2005-10-28 2008-02-08 Snecma Propulsion Solide Sa Structure de garnissage pour colonne d'echange de fluides
US7771695B2 (en) * 2006-07-21 2010-08-10 International Business Machines Corporation Complexes of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes with molecular-clips and use thereof
BRPI0800605B1 (pt) 2008-01-15 2018-09-04 Univ Minas Gerais processo de síntese de sistemas nanoestruturados híbridos: nanotubos de carbono-nanopartículas metálicas
KR101135578B1 (ko) * 2009-11-30 2012-04-17 현대자동차주식회사 표면개질제를 사용하여 결정성 탄소의 친수성을 증가시키는 방법 및 이를 이용한 백금 담지 촉매의 제조방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2014515702A (ja) 2014-07-03
WO2012143658A1 (fr) 2012-10-26
GB2507875A (en) 2014-05-14
US20140287912A1 (en) 2014-09-25
FR2974314A1 (fr) 2012-10-26
CN103492065A (zh) 2014-01-01
KR20140066975A (ko) 2014-06-03
DE112012001773T5 (de) 2014-01-16
GB201318145D0 (en) 2013-11-27
GB2507875A8 (en) 2014-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Lee et al. Generation of a doubly bridging CO2 ligand and deoxygenation of CO2 by an (NHC) Ni (0) complex
Dong et al. Restriction of molecular rotors in ultrathin two-dimensional covalent organic framework nanosheets for sensing signal amplification
Voronin et al. Acetylene in organic synthesis: Recent progress and new uses
Grirrane et al. Intermolecular [2+ 2] cycloaddition of alkyne-alkene catalyzed by Au (I) complexes. what are the catalytic sites involved?
Rit et al. Molecular zinc dihydride stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Ramirez et al. Rare-earth supported nickel catalysts for alkyne semihydrogenation: chemo-and regioselectivity impacted by the Lewis acidity and size of the support
Su et al. Copper catalysis for selective heterocoupling of terminal alkynes
Luo et al. Asymmetric Yttrium‐Catalyzed C (sp3)− H Addition of 2‐Methyl Azaarenes to Cyclopropenes
Motokura et al. Heterogeneous organic base-catalyzed reactions enhanced by acid supports
Standley et al. A broadly applicable strategy for entry into homogeneous nickel (0) catalysts from air-stable nickel (II) complexes
Yu et al. Copper (I)@ carbon-catalyzed carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2 at atmospheric pressure
Zanardi et al. Domino approach to benzofurans by the sequential sonogashira/hydroalkoxylation couplings catalyzed by new N-heterocyclic-carbene-palladium complexes
Tani et al. Copper-catalyzed regiodivergent silacarboxylation of allenes with carbon dioxide and a silylborane
Bai et al. Cu (II)–Cu (I) synergistic cooperation to lead the alkyne C–H activation
Yin et al. Highly practical synthesis of nitriles and heterocycles from alcohols under mild conditions by aerobic double dehydrogenative catalysis
Yuan et al. Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective relay Heck arylation of enelactams: accessing α, β-unsaturated δ-lactams
Lu et al. Fe (I)-mediated reductive cleavage and coupling of CO2: An FeII (μ-O, μ-CO) FeII core
Kandepi et al. Iron (II) complexes bearing chelating cyclopentadienyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands as catalysts for hydrosilylation and hydrogen transfer reactions
Wang et al. N-heterocyclic carbene–palladium (II)–1-methylimidazole complex-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl sulfonates with arylboronic acids
Karthik et al. Graphene oxide as a carbocatalyst for sustainable ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids: a simple and straightforward strategy to access phenols
Gianetti et al. Z-selective, catalytic internal alkyne semihydrogenation under H2/CO mixtures by a niobium (III) imido complex
Wang et al. Catalyst-free and solvent-free cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes
Yang et al. 3D flower-like micro/nano Ce–Mo composite oxides as effective bifunctional catalysts for one-pot conversion of fructose to 2, 5-diformylfuran
Hill et al. Dihydroperimidine-derived N-heterocyclic pincer carbene complexes via double C–H activation
Sharma et al. Pd–Au–Y as efficient catalyst for C–C coupling reactions, benzylic C–H bond activation, and oxidation of ethanol for synthesis of cinnamaldehydes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
TQ Partial transmission of property

Owner name: HERAKLES, FR

Effective date: 20131121

Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, FR

Effective date: 20131121

Owner name: SNECMA PROPULSION SOLIDE, FR

Effective date: 20131121

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 6

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 7

CD Change of name or company name

Owner name: HERAKLES, FR

Effective date: 20170725

Owner name: SNECMA PROPULSION SOLIDE, FR

Effective date: 20170725

Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, FR

Effective date: 20170725

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 10

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 11

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 13

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 14