FR2867353A1 - Collective fattening cage for e.g. duck, has panel unit movable from bottom of cage between rest and forward positions, where panel unit constitutes bottom wall of cage and is spaced from cage in rest position - Google Patents
Collective fattening cage for e.g. duck, has panel unit movable from bottom of cage between rest and forward positions, where panel unit constitutes bottom wall of cage and is spaced from cage in rest position Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2867353A1 FR2867353A1 FR0402644A FR0402644A FR2867353A1 FR 2867353 A1 FR2867353 A1 FR 2867353A1 FR 0402644 A FR0402644 A FR 0402644A FR 0402644 A FR0402644 A FR 0402644A FR 2867353 A1 FR2867353 A1 FR 2867353A1
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- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- cage
- panel
- panel unit
- rest position
- rest
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000191985 Anas superciliosa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004373 animal immobilization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K39/00—Feeding or drinking appliances for poultry or other birds
- A01K39/06—Cramming appliances, e.g. helical force-feeders
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
CAGE COLLECTIVE DE GAVAGECOLLECTIVE CAGE OF GAVAGE
La présente invention concerne une cage collective de gavage pour palmipèdes, notamment du type cage collective dans laquelle les palmipèdes, en dehors des phases de gavage, doivent pouvoir se tenir debout dans une position normale, se retourner, battre des ailes, effectuer des mouvements normaux de lissage des plumes, interagir avec d'autres individus, se nourrir et boire. The present invention relates to a collective feeding cage for palmipeds, in particular of the collective cage type in which the waterfowl, apart from feeding phases, must be able to stand in a normal position, turn, flap their wings, perform normal movements feather smoothing, interact with other individuals, feed and drink.
Une telle cage de gavage est définie par un volume de bien-être minimum à respecter. Such a feeding cage is defined by a minimum volume of well-being to be respected.
Des réalisations de cages collectives existent et notamment le document FR 2 732 186 Al qui décrit une cage collective de gavage comprenant des parois ajourées définissant un volume de bien-être minimum, ce volume pouvant être réduit pour immobiliser les volatiles en vue du gavage. Collective cage constructions exist, in particular document FR 2 732 186 A1, which describes a collective feeding cage comprising perforated walls defining a minimum welfare volume, this volume being able to be reduced in order to immobilize the birds with a view to feeding them.
Pour ce faire, le document précité prévoit une cage pourvue d'un fond comportant une partie arrière et une partie avant, la partie arrière du fond basculante étant articulée à la partie avant pour basculer de l'arrière vers l'avant afin de contenir les palmipèdes sur un espace réduit facilitant l'opération de gavage alors qu'une partie supérieure d'une paroi avant de la cage comporte une partie rabattable vers l'intérieur de la cage pour immobiliser les palmipèdes. To do this, the aforementioned document provides a cage provided with a bottom having a rear portion and a front portion, the rear portion of the tilting bottom hinged to the front to tilt from the rear to the front to contain the palmipeds on a reduced space facilitating the feeding operation while an upper portion of a front wall of the cage has a foldable portion inwardly of the cage for immobilizing the waterfowl.
Cette réalisation fait glisser les palmipèdes de l'arrière vers l'avant sur un plan incliné, ce qui les déséquilibre, les tasse les uns sur les autres et accroît leur agitation. This realization makes the palmipeds slide from the back to the front on an inclined plane, which unbalances them, cups them on top of each other and increases their agitation.
Pour mieux préparer l'opération de gavage, la présente invention propose une cage collective pour palmipèdes, comportant un fond, des parois latérales ajourées et un dispositif d'immobilisation des palmipèdes dans un espace horizontal réduit de la cage, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte un élément de panneau mobile au dessus du fond de la cage entre une position de repos reculée dans la cage et une position avancée d'immobilisation des palmipèdes. To better prepare the feeding operation, the present invention provides a collective cage for palmipeds, comprising a bottom, perforated sidewalls and a device for immobilizing the waterfowl in a reduced horizontal space of the cage, characterized in that the device comprises a movable panel element above the bottom of the cage between a retracted rest position in the cage and an advanced immobilization position of the webs.
De façon avantageuse, l'élément de panneau en position de repos constitue une paroi arrière de la cage. Advantageously, the panel member in the rest position constitutes a rear wall of the cage.
Ainsi, le dispositif d'immobilisation permet de pousser le palmipède vers l'espace réduit de gavage de façon progressive et continue sans le faire glisser ni chuter. La cage est en outre rouste du fait de son fond monobloc. Thus, the immobilizing device makes it possible to push the palmiped towards the reduced space of feeding in a progressive and continuous way without sliding it or falling. The cage is also rouste because of its monobloc bottom.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un exemple de réalisation non limitatif de l'invention 10 en référence aux figures qui représentent: En figure 1: Une vue en perspective du dessus d'une cage collective selon l'invention; En figure 2: Une vue de côté de cages selon la figure 1 dos à dos; En figure 3: Une vue de face de la cage de la figure 1. Other advantages and features will be better understood on reading the following description of a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures which represent: FIG. 1: A perspective view from above of a collective cage according to the invention; In Figure 2: A side view of cages according to Figure 1 back to back; In Figure 3: A front view of the cage of Figure 1.
L'invention se rapporte à une cage collective pour palmipèdes telle que notamment représentée en figure 1. Une telle cage est utilisée pour parquer les palmipèdes tels que les canards et les oies pendant la période de gavage, période limitée comportant un nombre de repas de l'ordre d'une vingtaine de repas soit de l'ordre d'une douzaine de jours. The invention relates to a collective cage for palmipeds such as in particular represented in FIG. 1. Such a cage is used to park the waterfowl such as ducks and geese during the feeding period, a limited period comprising a number of meals of the animal. The order of twenty meals is of the order of a dozen days.
Cette cage 1 pour palmipèdes 2, comporte un fond 3 grillagé pour faciliter le nettoyage de la cage sur lequel peuvent se déplacer les palmipèdes. La cage comprend latéralement de chaque côté des parois latérales ajourées 4, 10 et plusieurs cages peuvent être juxtaposées et comporter des parois latérales 4 communes. This cage 1 for palmipeds 2, has a bottom 3 mesh to facilitate the cleaning of the cage on which can move palmipeds. The cage comprises laterally on each side perforated side walls 4, 10 and several cages can be juxtaposed and have common side walls 4.
La cage est de dimensions compatible avec le logement de trois ou quatre palmipèdes. Dans le cas d'une cage pour quatre palmipèdes, la cage possède des dimensions minimales de l'ordre de 1 m de long sur 65 cm de large. The cage is of dimensions compatible with the housing of three or four palmipeds. In the case of a cage for four palmipeds, the cage has minimum dimensions of the order of 1 m long and 65 cm wide.
Des cage 1, comme représenté en figure 2, peuvent se situer de part et d'autre d'un abreuvoir 20 constitué par un tube muni d'ouvertures 21 en regard des cages, une paroi arrière 21 séparant les cages situées de part et d'autre de l'abreuvoir. Cages 1, as shown in Figure 2, can be located on either side of a drinking trough 20 constituted by a tube provided with openings 21 facing the cages, a rear wall 21 separating the cages located on both sides. other of the watering place.
La cage ne comporte pas nécessairement de plafond et constitue ainsi un enclos pourvu d'un fond 3 et limité en surface par une paroi arrière 22, des parois latérales 4 et une paroi avant 9, 16. The cage does not necessarily have a ceiling and thus constitutes an enclosure provided with a bottom 3 and limited on the surface by a rear wall 22, side walls 4 and a front wall 9, 16.
Selon l'invention, la cage comporte un dispositif 5 d'immobilisation des palmipèdes dans un espace horizontal réduit de la cage 1. According to the invention, the cage comprises a device 5 for immobilizing the palmipeds in a reduced horizontal space of the cage 1.
Ce dispositif 5 comporte un élément de panneau 6 mobile au dessus du fond 3 de la cage 1 entre une position de repos "A" reculée dans la cage et une 5 position avancée "B" d'immobilisation des palmipèdes. This device 5 comprises a panel member 6 movable above the bottom 3 of the cage 1 between a rest position "A" retracted into the cage and an advanced position "B" for immobilizing the webs.
Le panneau mobile 6 est sous la forme d'une palette reliée à un axe 7 de commande par des montants 11 et 12. The movable panel 6 is in the form of a pallet connected to an axis 7 of control by uprights 11 and 12.
L'axe de commande est positionné au dessus de la cage délimitée par des arceaux 13, 14. The control shaft is positioned above the cage defined by arches 13, 14.
Le panneau peut prendre deux positions extrêmes à savoir une position de repos "A", pour laquelle l'élément de panneau 6 constitue une paroi arrière de la cage 1 ou un élément de paroi arrière, par exemple disposé devant l'abreuvoir 21 sans supprimer l'accès à cet abreuvoir, et une position avancée "B" pour laquelle l'élément de panneau s'avance dans la cage et réduit l'espace disponible pour les palmipèdes en vue de leur gavage. Comme l'élément de panneau 6 est solidaire de l'axe de commande 7 positionné au dessus de la cage 1, le panneau 6 passe de la position avancée "B" à la position de repos "A" par un mouvement pendulaire. The panel can take two extreme positions, namely a rest position "A", for which the panel element 6 constitutes a rear wall of the cage 1 or a rear wall element, for example arranged in front of the drinking trough 21 without removing access to this waterer, and an advanced position "B" for which the panel element advances in the cage and reduces the space available for waterfowl for feeding them. As the panel element 6 is integral with the control shaft 7 positioned above the cage 1, the panel 6 passes from the advanced position "B" to the rest position "A" by a pendulum movement.
Selon l'exemple, l'axe de commande 7 est positionné en arrière de la cage. According to the example, the control shaft 7 is positioned behind the cage.
Ainsi, le panneau 6 est vertical en position reculée et incliné en position avancée. Thus, the panel 6 is vertical in the retracted position and inclined in the advanced position.
Le passage de la position verticale à la position inclinée permet de soulever progressivement l'arrière des palmipèdes lors de leur avancée ce qui les positionne avantageusement pour l'opération de gavage. The passage from the vertical position to the inclined position makes it possible to raise progressively the back of the waterfowl during their advance which positions them advantageously for the operation of feeding.
Lors de ce mouvement d'avancée du panneau, l'extrémité "E" du panneau 6 opposée à l'axe de commande 7 décrit un arc de cercle l'éloignant du fond de la cage. Cet effet est avantageux par rapport aux dispositif de l'art antérieur, les volatiles ne glissant pas vers l'avant sur une pente de plus en plus inclinée comme dans l'art antérieur mais étant poussés vers lee haut par l'extrémité "E" du panneau qui se soulève par rapport au fond, l'élément de panneau 6 étant ainsi agencé pour relever les palmipèdes 2 lors de son passage de la position reculée "A" à la position avancée "B". During this advance movement of the panel, the end "E" of the panel 6 opposite the control axis 7 describes an arc away from the bottom of the cage. This effect is advantageous compared to the devices of the prior art, the volatiles do not slip forward on a slope increasingly inclined as in the prior art but being pushed upward by the end "E" of the panel which raises with respect to the bottom, the panel element 6 being thus arranged to raise the palmipeds 2 during its passage from the retracted position "A" to the advanced position "B".
Ainsi, le panneau écarté du fond de la cage ne gène pas le nettoyage de cette dernière et ne risque pas d'être bloqué par un corps étranger coincé dans le fond de la cage. Thus, the panel away from the bottom of the cage does not interfere with the cleaning of the latter and will not be blocked by a foreign object stuck in the bottom of the cage.
En outre, la cage selon l'invention comportant un fond monobloc est plus rigide que les réalisations antérieures, l'absence de partie mobile au niveau de ce fond permettant un nettoyage aisé de la cage. In addition, the cage according to the invention having a monobloc bottom is more rigid than the previous embodiments, the absence of movable portion at the bottom allowing easy cleaning of the cage.
Selon l'exemple représenté en figure 2, l'élément de panneau 6 est solidaire 5 d'un dispositif de commande à manivelle. According to the example shown in FIG. 2, the panel element 6 is integral with a crank control device.
Un dispositif de commande à moteur relié à l'axe de commande par un dispositif réducteur est bien entendu envisageable dans le cadre de l'invention. Pour permettre un complément d'alimentation des palmipèdes, l'abreuvoir peut être combiné ou juxtaposé avec une mangeoire. A motor control device connected to the control shaft by a reducing device is of course conceivable within the scope of the invention. To allow additional feeding of waterfowl, the trough can be combined or juxtaposed with a feeder.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, l'élément de panneau 6 peut être un panneau ajouré ou plein. In the context of the invention, the panel element 6 may be a perforated or solid panel.
Afin de mieux réduire l'espace et séparer les palmipèdes lors du gavage, la cage comporte une première paroi avant inférieure 16 fixe et une paroi avant supérieure munie d'une grille rabattable 9 pourvue de barreaux longitudinaux 15 entre lesquels les palmipèdes, maintenus par le panneau 6, peuvent passer la tête selon la position représentée en figure 2 pour laquelle la grille est rabattue dans la cage lors du gavage. In order to further reduce the space and separate the webs during feeding, the cage has a first fixed lower front wall 16 and an upper front wall provided with a folding gate 9 provided with longitudinal bars 15 between which the palmipeds, maintained by the panel 6, can pass the head according to the position shown in Figure 2 for which the grid is folded into the cage during feeding.
Les palmipèdes sont ainsi maintenus longitudinalement entre la paroi avant 16 et le panneau 6 et retenus par la grille rabattue, leur tête dépassant entre les 20 barreaux 15 de la grille 9 rabattue. The palmipeds are thus held longitudinally between the front wall 16 and the panel 6 and retained by the folded grid, their head protruding between the bars 15 of the grid 9 folded.
Une fois le gavage terminée, la grille est relevée et le panneau 6 reculé en position de repos pour redonner aux palmipèdes le volume de bien être défini par les contours extérieurs de la cage. Once the feeding is complete, the grid is raised and the panel 6 back to the rest position to give the palmipedes the volume to be well defined by the outer contours of the cage.
Afin de faciliter le nettoyage de la cage, celle-ci est positionnée sur des 25 pieds 17, qui selon l'exemple représenté sont des prolongements des arceaux 13, 14. In order to facilitate the cleaning of the cage, it is positioned on feet 17, which according to the example shown are extensions of the arches 13, 14.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2 les arceaux réalisent un cadre pour deux cages dos à dos autour d'une cloison centrale réalisant les parois arrières 22 des deux cages dos à dos. La cage ainsi réalisée est robuste et simple à réaliser. In the example of Figure 2 the arches realize a frame for two cages back to back around a central partition realizing the rear walls 22 of the two cages back to back. The cage thus produced is robust and simple to produce.
L'invention ne se limite bien entendu pas à l'exemple représenté et, notamment, la cage telle que décrite peut constituer un module aisément reproductible pour fournir à l'éleveur une ou deux rangées de cages alignées. The invention is not limited, of course, to the example shown and, in particular, the cage as described can constitute an easily reproducible module to provide the breeder one or two rows of aligned cages.
Dans cette même optique, les parois latérales peuvent être communes pour deux cages d'une même rangée côte à côte, chaque cage étant pourvue d'un dispositif d'immobilisation des palmipède, les dispositifs d'une même rangée étant reliés à un axe de manoeuvre commun actionné en une seule fois. In the same context, the side walls may be common for two cages of the same row side by side, each cage being provided with a device for immobilizing the webs, the devices of the same row being connected to an axis of common maneuver operated at one time.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0402644A FR2867353B1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2004-03-15 | COLLECTIVE CAGE OF GAVAGE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0402644A FR2867353B1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2004-03-15 | COLLECTIVE CAGE OF GAVAGE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2867353A1 true FR2867353A1 (en) | 2005-09-16 |
| FR2867353B1 FR2867353B1 (en) | 2008-10-10 |
Family
ID=34896526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0402644A Expired - Lifetime FR2867353B1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2004-03-15 | COLLECTIVE CAGE OF GAVAGE |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2867353B1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2928069A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-04 | Palmitou Soc Par Actions Simpl | Fattening cage for accommodating e.g. ducks, has rear wall comprising set of vertical wires forming comb, where lower end of each of wires crosses space between horizontal wires so that combs remain crossed during displacement of wall |
| FR2932950A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-01 | Guy Yvon Hubert Hubert | Palmiped e.g. duck, feeding cage, has moving units for moving movable walls in opposite direction to reduce space useful for palmipeds in horizontal plane in each of compartments to bring palmipeds respectively toward front and rear walls |
| FR2943216A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-24 | Labadie Ets | Collective cage module for cramming e.g. goose palmipedes, has rear panels alternatively ordered by cam and provided with movable device comprising two back-to back cages, where two rear panels move around common axle |
| FR2943495A1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-01 | Soc D Const Metallique Ind Soc | Fattening cage for breeding installation of e.g. duck species, has driving lever acting on drive levers during rotational movement in direction corresponding to rotation of walls towards supporting positions |
| EP2412235A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-01 | Elevage Service | Collective housing for force-feeding of palmipeds |
| FR2984689A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-06-28 | Lur Berri | GAMAGE PARK FOR PALMIPEDES |
| FR2991848A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-20 | Jean-Luc Castagne | Method for gavaging e.g. duck in poultry, involves exclusively holding palmiped in cervico-cephalic area with its neck to be set horizontal, and force-feeding palmiped along its neck extended through cannula introduced through its beak |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2619282A1 (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1989-02-17 | Gaun Sa | Cage for raising and transporting poultry |
| FR2732186A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-04 | Materlap Soc | Cage for force feeding of birds |
| FR2823066A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-11 | France Production | Cage for force-feeding ducks or geese is large enough to allow bird to move about, turn round and open its wings and has floor with swiveling section which reduces space and forces it towards feeder |
-
2004
- 2004-03-15 FR FR0402644A patent/FR2867353B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2619282A1 (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1989-02-17 | Gaun Sa | Cage for raising and transporting poultry |
| FR2732186A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-04 | Materlap Soc | Cage for force feeding of birds |
| FR2823066A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-11 | France Production | Cage for force-feeding ducks or geese is large enough to allow bird to move about, turn round and open its wings and has floor with swiveling section which reduces space and forces it towards feeder |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2928069A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-04 | Palmitou Soc Par Actions Simpl | Fattening cage for accommodating e.g. ducks, has rear wall comprising set of vertical wires forming comb, where lower end of each of wires crosses space between horizontal wires so that combs remain crossed during displacement of wall |
| FR2932950A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-01 | Guy Yvon Hubert Hubert | Palmiped e.g. duck, feeding cage, has moving units for moving movable walls in opposite direction to reduce space useful for palmipeds in horizontal plane in each of compartments to bring palmipeds respectively toward front and rear walls |
| FR2943216A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-24 | Labadie Ets | Collective cage module for cramming e.g. goose palmipedes, has rear panels alternatively ordered by cam and provided with movable device comprising two back-to back cages, where two rear panels move around common axle |
| FR2943495A1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-01 | Soc D Const Metallique Ind Soc | Fattening cage for breeding installation of e.g. duck species, has driving lever acting on drive levers during rotational movement in direction corresponding to rotation of walls towards supporting positions |
| EP2412235A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-01 | Elevage Service | Collective housing for force-feeding of palmipeds |
| FR2963204A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-03 | Elevage Service | COLLECTIVE HOUSING FOR THE GAVING OF PALMIPEDES |
| FR2984689A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-06-28 | Lur Berri | GAMAGE PARK FOR PALMIPEDES |
| EP2609806A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-03 | Lur Berri | Force-feeding pen for palmipeds |
| FR2991848A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-20 | Jean-Luc Castagne | Method for gavaging e.g. duck in poultry, involves exclusively holding palmiped in cervico-cephalic area with its neck to be set horizontal, and force-feeding palmiped along its neck extended through cannula introduced through its beak |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2867353B1 (en) | 2008-10-10 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| RN | Application for restoration |
Effective date: 20190703 |
|
| FC | Decision of inpi director general to approve request for restoration |
Effective date: 20190709 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 20 |