ES2640476T3 - Ropes with improved realization of cyclic flex on pulleys - Google Patents

Ropes with improved realization of cyclic flex on pulleys Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2640476T3
ES2640476T3 ES07757273.3T ES07757273T ES2640476T3 ES 2640476 T3 ES2640476 T3 ES 2640476T3 ES 07757273 T ES07757273 T ES 07757273T ES 2640476 T3 ES2640476 T3 ES 2640476T3
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fibers
high tenacity
polyethylene
percent
molecular weight
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Spanish (es)
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Gregory A. Davis
Barbara M. Costain
Ralf Klein
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
    • D06M15/6436Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing amino groups
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04CBRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • D04C1/12Cords, lines, or tows
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1096Rope or cable structures braided
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2012Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015Strands
    • D07B2201/2042Strands characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2044Strands characterised by a coating comprising polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/201Polyolefins
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/201Polyolefins
    • D07B2205/2014High performance polyolefins, e.g. Dyneema or Spectra
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3017Silicon carbides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00Application field
    • D07B2501/20Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2061Ship moorings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Abstract

Un cabo que presenta resistencia mejorada a la fatiga de flexión cíclica sobre poleas (FCSP), comprendiendo dicho cabo fibras de alta tenacidad, estando recubierto dicho cabo y/o dichas fibras con una composición, caracterizado por que la composición comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.A rope having improved resistance to cyclic flexural fatigue on pulleys (FCSP), said rope comprising high tenacity fibers, said rope and / or said fibers being coated with a composition, characterized in that the composition comprises a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene.

Description

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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION

Cabos con realizacion mejorada de flexion dclica sobre poleas Campo de la invencionRopes with improved realization of flexural bending on pulleys Field of the invention

Esta invencion se refiere a mejoras en cabos, y en particular, a cabos sinteticos de alta tenacidad adecuados para uso en aplicaciones marinas.This invention relates to improvements in ropes, and in particular, high tenacity synthetic ropes suitable for use in marine applications.

Descripcion de la tecnica relacionadaDescription of the related technique

Se han usado cabos de fibra sintetica en una variedad de aplicaciones, incluyendo varias aplicaciones marinas. Un tipo de cabo que presenta excelentes propiedades es el cabo hecho de fibras y/o filasticas de poliolefina de alto modulo. Tambien se conocen fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad como fibras de cadena extendida o de alto peso molecular. Estas fibras y filasticas estan disponibles, por ejemplo, como fibras y filasticas de polietileno de cadena extendida SPECTRA® de Honeywell International Inc.Synthetic fiber strands have been used in a variety of applications, including various marine applications. One type of rope that has excellent properties is the rope made of high modulus polyolefin fibers and / or filaments. High tenacity polyolefin fibers are also known as extended chain or high molecular weight fibers. These fibers and filastics are available, for example, as SPECTRA® extended-chain polyethylene fibers and filaments from Honeywell International Inc.

Se han sugerido cabos conformados de fibras de polietileno de cadena extendida para uso en aplicaciones marinas. Veanse, por ejemplo, las patentes de EE.UU. 5 901 632 y 5 931 076 ambas para Ryan.Conformed ends of extended chain polyethylene fibers have been suggested for use in marine applications. See, for example, US Pat. 5 901 632 and 5 931 076 both for Ryan.

En algunas aplicaciones marinas, se flexionan repetidamente cabos de polietileno de cadena extendida sobre poleas, rodillos o postes cuando se estan usando. Algunos cabos sinteticos experimentan desgaste prematuro cuando se someten a flexion repetida sobre poleas y, en particular, han experimentado este problema los cabos sinteticos usados en aplicaciones industriales marinas.In some marine applications, extended chain polyethylene ends are repeatedly flexed on pulleys, rollers or posts when they are being used. Some synthetic strands experience premature wear when subjected to repeated flexing on pulleys and, in particular, have experienced this problem the synthetic strands used in marine industrial applications.

Los cabos sinteticos continuan reemplazando al cable acerado en muchas aplicaciones marinas. Como los cabos sinteticos continuan reemplazando al cable acerado en muchas aplicaciones de flexion dclica sobre poleas (FCSP), existe la necesidad de mejorar la vida frente a la fatiga de cabos sinteticos de alta realizacion. En particular, existe la necesidad de mejorar la realizacion de los cabos hechos de fibras y filasticas de poliolefina de alta realizacion.Synthetic ends continue to replace steely cable in many marine applications. As the synthetic ends continue to replace the steel cable in many applications of pulley flexion (FCSP), there is a need to improve life against fatigue of high performance synthetic ends. In particular, there is a need to improve the realization of the ends made of high performance polyolefin fibers and filaments.

Una solucion propuesta para proporcionar un cabo con propiedades mejoradas se describe en la patente de EE.UU. 6 945 153 a Knudsen et al.A proposed solution to provide a cape with improved properties is described in US Pat. 6 945 153 to Knudsen et al.

Esta patente describe un cabo de gran diametro que se forma de una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de cadena extendida y fibras polimericas de cristal lfquido. Sena deseable mejorar las propiedades de dicho cabo.This patent describes a large diameter cape that is formed from a mixture of extended chain polyethylene fibers and liquid crystal polymer fibers. It is desirable to improve the properties of said cape.

Sena deseable proporcionar un cabo de fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad que presentara resistencia al desgaste mejorada para flexion repetida sobre poleas y similares, especialmente en aplicaciones humedas, al tiempo que se mantuvieran sus excelentes propiedades de otro modo. Tambien sena deseable proporcionar un cabo que fuera adecuado para uso en aplicaciones de elevacion de cargas pesadas, por ejemplo, a y de, el fondo marino.It is desirable to provide a rope of high tenacity polyolefin fibers that will exhibit improved wear resistance for repeated flexing on pulleys and the like, especially in wet applications, while maintaining their excellent properties otherwise. It would also be desirable to provide a line that was suitable for use in heavy lifting applications, for example, to and from the seabed.

Sumario de la invencionSummary of the invention

De acuerdo con esta invencion, se proporciona un cabo con resistencia a la fatiga de FCSP mejorada, comprendiendo el cabo fibras de alta tenacidad, estando recubierto el cabo y/o las fibras con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.In accordance with this invention, a cape with improved FCSP fatigue resistance is provided, the cape comprising high tenacity fibers, the cape and / or the fibers being coated with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight polyethylene, neutralized.

Mas de acuerdo con esta invencion, se proporciona un cabo con resistencia a la fatiga de FCSP mejorada, comprendiendo el cabo una mezcla de fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad con otras fibras de alta tenacidad que no son fibras de poliolefina, estando recubierto el cabo y/o las fibras con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.More in accordance with this invention, a cape with improved FCSP fatigue resistance is provided, the cape comprising a mixture of high tenacity polyolefin fibers with other high tenacity fibers that are not polyolefin fibers, the cape being coated and / or the fibers with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene.

Tambien de acuerdo con esta invencion, se proporciona un cabo con resistencia a la fatiga de FCSP mejorada, comprendiendo el cabo una mezcla de fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad con otras fibras de alta tenacidad, comprendiendo las otras fibras de alta tenacidad fibras de aramida y/o fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido, estando recubierto el cabo y/o las fibras con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.Also according to this invention, there is provided a cape with improved FCSP fatigue resistance, the cape comprising a mixture of high tenacity polyolefin fibers with other high tenacity fibers, the other high tenacity fibers comprising aramid fibers and / or liquid crystal copolyester fibers, the cape and / or the fibers being coated with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene.

Aun mas de acuerdo con esta invencion, se proporciona un metodo para mejorar la vida frente a la fatiga de FCSP de un cabo, comprendiendo el metodo conformar el cabo de fibras de alta tenacidad y recubrir el cabo y/o las fibras que forman dicho cabo con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.Even more in accordance with this invention, there is provided a method for improving the life against fatigue of FCSP of one end, the method comprising forming the end of high tenacity fibers and covering the end and / or the fibers that form said end. with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene.

Tambien de acuerdo con esta invencion, se proporciona en un metodo de elevacion y colocacion de objetos pesados de, y sobre, un fondo marino usando un cabo de fibra sintetica, comprendiendo la mejora utilizar como tal cabo un cabo que comprende fibras de alta tenacidad, estando recubierto el cabo y/o las fibras con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.Also in accordance with this invention, it is provided in a method of lifting and placing heavy objects of, and on, a seabed using a synthetic fiber line, the improvement comprising using such a line comprising a high tenacity fiber, the cape and / or the fibers being coated with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene.

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Se ha descubierto que cuando se recubren fibras de alta tenacidad con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, y se conforman en un cabo o si un cabo conformado de dichas fibras no recubiertas se recubre con la composicion, la resistencia a la flexion dclica sobre poleas de dicho cabo mejora inesperadamente. Tambien se ha descubierto que cuando se mezclan fibras de alta tenacidad con otras fibras de alta tenacidad y se recubren las fibras mezcladas con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de peso molecular bajo, neutralizado, y se conforman en un cabo o si un cabo conformado de dichas fibras mezcladas se recubre con la composicion, la resistencia a la flexion dclica sobre poleas de dicho cabo se mejora inesperadamente.It has been found that when high tenacity fibers are coated with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight polyethylene, neutralized, and are formed in a cape or if a cape formed of said uncoated fibers is Coating with the composition, the resistance to bending on pulleys of said rope improves unexpectedly. It has also been discovered that when high tenacity fibers are mixed with other high tenacity fibers and the fibers mixed with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene are coated and formed into one end or if a shaped end of said blended fibers is coated with the composition, the resistance to cyclic flex on pulleys of said end is unexpectedly improved.

Descripcion detallada de la invencionDetailed description of the invention

Para los fines de la presente invencion, una fibra es un cuerpo alargado cuya dimension de longitud es mucho mayor que las dimensiones transversales de anchura y espesor. De acuerdo con esto, el termino “fibra” incluye monofilamento, multifilamento, cinta, banda, grapa y otras formas de fibra picada, cortada o discontinua y similares con secciones transversales regulares o irregulares. El termino “fibra” incluye una pluralidad de cualquiera de lo anterior o una combinacion de los mismos. Una filastica es un cordon continuo constituido por muchas fibras o filamentos. Las fibras tambien pueden estar en forma de tira, banda o pelfcula o cinta dividida.For the purposes of the present invention, a fiber is an elongated body whose length dimension is much larger than the transverse dimensions of width and thickness. Accordingly, the term "fiber" includes monofilament, multifilament, tape, band, staple and other forms of chopped, cut or discontinuous fiber and the like with regular or irregular cross sections. The term "fiber" includes a plurality of any of the foregoing or a combination thereof. A filastica is a continuous cord consisting of many fibers or filaments. The fibers may also be in the form of a strip, strip or film or split tape.

Las secciones transversales de las fibras utiles en la presente memoria pueden variar ampliamente. Pueden ser circulares, planas o rectangulares en seccion transversal. Tambien pueden ser de seccion transversal multilobular irregular o regular con uno o mas lobulos regulares o irregulares proyectandose desde el eje lineal o longitudinal de las fibras. Se prefiere que las fibras sean de seccion transversal sustancialmente circular, plana o rectangular, lo mas preferiblemente sustancialmente circular.The cross sections of the fibers useful herein may vary widely. They can be circular, flat or rectangular in cross section. They can also be of irregular or regular multilobular cross-section with one or more regular or irregular lobes projecting from the linear or longitudinal axis of the fibers. It is preferred that the fibers be of substantially circular, flat or rectangular cross-section, most preferably substantially circular.

Como se menciono anteriormente, se han sugerido cabos que comprenden fibras de poliolefina de alto modulo, tales como fibras de polietileno de cadena extendida y filasticas hechas de ah para uso en aplicaciones marinas. Uno de esos usos de los cabos es para elevacion de cargas pesadas y amarre de objetos en el fondo marino. Otras aplicaciones incluyen exploracion de petroleo y gas en alta mar, aplicaciones oceanograficas, sfsmicas y otras aplicaciones industriales. Las aplicaciones mas preferidas para los cabos de esta invencion incluyen levantamiento y colocacion en mar profundo.As mentioned above, ropes have been suggested that comprise high modulus polyolefin fibers, such as extended chain and filamentary polyethylene fibers made therefrom for use in marine applications. One of those uses of the ends is for lifting heavy loads and mooring objects on the seabed. Other applications include oil and gas exploration on the high seas, oceanographic, semic and other industrial applications. The most preferred applications for the ends of this invention include lifting and deep sea placement.

Las fibras usadas en la construccion de cabos de esta invencion son fibras de alta tenacidad. Como se usa en la presente memoria, el termino "fibras de alta tenacidad" significa fibras que presentan tenacidades iguales a, o mayores que, aproximadamente 7 g/d. Preferiblemente, estas fibras presentan modulos de traccion iniciales de al menos aproximadamente 150 g/d y energfas de rotura de al menos aproximadamente 8 J/g cuando se mide por ASTM D2256. Como se usa en la presente memoria, los terminos "modulo de traccion inicial", "modulo de traccion" y "modulo" significan el modulo de elasticidad cuando se mide por ASTM 2256 para una filastica.The fibers used in the construction of ends of this invention are high tenacity fibers. As used herein, the term "high tenacity fibers" means fibers that have toughnesses equal to, or greater than, approximately 7 g / d. Preferably, these fibers have initial tensile modules of at least about 150 g / d and breaking energies of at least about 8 J / g when measured by ASTM D2256. As used herein, the terms "initial tensile modulus", "tensile modulus" and "modulus" mean the modulus of elasticity when measured by ASTM 2256 for a phylastic.

Preferiblemente, las fibras de alta tenacidad presentan tenacidades iguales a, o mayores que, aproximadamente 10 g/d, mas preferiblemente iguales a, o mayores que, aproximadamente 16 g/d, incluso mas preferiblemente iguales a, o mayores que, aproximadamente 22 g/d y lo mas preferiblemente iguales a, o mayores que, aproximadamente 28 g/d.Preferably, the high tenacity fibers have toughnesses equal to, or greater than, about 10 g / d, more preferably equal to, or greater than, about 16 g / d, even more preferably equal to, or greater than, about 22 g / d and most preferably equal to, or greater than, approximately 28 g / d.

Las fibras de alta tenacidad pueden usarse solas en la construccion del cabo o se usan mas preferiblemente como mezclas de dos o mas fibras de alta tenacidad de diferente composicion qrnmica en la construccion del cabo.The high tenacity fibers can be used alone in the construction of the cape or are more preferably used as mixtures of two or more high tenacity fibers of different chemical composition in the cape construction.

Las fibras de alta tenacidad utiles en la presente memoria incluyen fibras de poliolefina de alto peso molecular altamente orientadas, en particular fibras de polietileno de alto modulo y fibras de polipropileno, fibras de aramida, fibras de polibenzazol tales como polibenzoxazol (PBO) y polibenzotiazol (PBT), fibras de alcohol polivimlico, fibras de poliacrilonitrilo, fibras de poliamida, fibras de poliester, fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido, fibras de vidrio, fibras de carbono o fibras de basalto u otros minerales, asf como fibras polimericas de varilla ngida y mixturas y mezclas de las mismas. Las fibras de alta resistencia preferidas, utiles en esta invencion, incluyen fibras de poliolefina, fibras de aramida y fibras de copoliester lfquido y mixturas y mezclas de las mismas. Lo mas preferido son fibras de polietileno de alto peso molecular, fibras de aramida y fibras de copoliester lfquido y mezclas y mixturas de las mismas. Aunque las filasticas que conforman los cabos pueden fabricarse de una mezcla de dos o mas de dichas fibras de alta tenacidad, preferiblemente las filasticas que constituyen el cabo se conforman de un unico tipo de fibra de alta tenacidad y se usan dos o mas filasticas de diferentes tipos de fibras para conformar el cabo.High tenacity fibers useful herein include highly oriented high molecular weight polyolefin fibers, in particular high modulus polyethylene fibers and polypropylene fibers, aramid fibers, polybenzazole fibers such as polybenzoxazole (PBO) and polybenzothiazole ( PBT), polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, liquid crystal copolyester fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers or basalt or other mineral fibers, as well as polymer fibers of nigid rod and mixtures and mixtures thereof. Preferred high strength fibers, useful in this invention, include polyolefin fibers, aramid fibers and liquid copolyester fibers and mixtures and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers and liquid copolyester fibers and mixtures and mixtures thereof. Although the strands that make up the ends can be made of a mixture of two or more of said high tenacity fibers, preferably the strands that constitute the end are made up of a single type of high tenacity fiber and two or more different strands are used types of fibers to shape the cape.

Las mezclas preferidas son mezclas de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y fibras de aramida y mezclas de fibras de alta tenacidad y fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido, asf como mezclas de fibras de aramida y fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.Preferred mixtures are mixtures of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and aramid fibers and mixtures of high tenacity fibers and liquid crystal copolyester fibers, as well as mixtures of aramid fibers and liquid crystal copolyester fibers.

Las fibras utilizadas en la construccion del cabo comprenden preferiblemente fibras de poliolefina de cadena extendida (tambien conocido como alto peso molecular, alta tenacidad o alto modulo), en particular fibras de polietileno y fibras de polipropileno de alto modulo.The fibers used in the construction of the rope preferably comprise extended chain polyolefin fibers (also known as high molecular weight, high toughness or high modulus), in particular polyethylene fibers and high modulus polypropylene fibers.

La patente de EE. UU. Num. 4 457 985 en general discute dichas fibras de polietileno y polipropileno de alto peso molecular y la descripcion de esta patente se incorpora por la presente como referencia en la medida en que no seaU.S. Patent UU. No. 4 457 985 in general discusses such high molecular weight polyethylene and polypropylene fibers and the description of this patent is hereby incorporated by reference to the extent that it is not

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inconsistente con la presente. En el caso de polietileno, las fibras adecuadas son aquellas de peso molecular promedio ponderal de al menos aproximadamente 150 000, preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente un millon y mas preferiblemente entre aproximadamente dos millones y aproximadamente cinco millones. Dichas fibras de polietileno de alto peso molecular pueden ser hiladas en disolucion (vease la Patente de EE.UU. Num. 4 137 394 y la Patente de EE.Uu. Num. 4 356 138) o un filamento hilado de una disolucion para formar una estructura de gel (vease la Patente de EE.UU. Num. 4 413 110, Of. Alemana Num. 3 004 699 y la Patente britanica Num. 2 051 667) o las fibras de polietileno pueden ser producidas por un procedimiento de enrollado y estirado (vease la Patente de EE. UU. Num. 5 702 657). Como se usa en la presente memoria, el termino polietileno significa un material de polietileno predominantemente lineal que puede contener cantidades minoritarias de ramificacion de cadenas o comonomeros no excediendo de aproximadamente 5 unidades de modificacion por 100 atomos de carbono de la cadena principal y que tambien puede contener mezclado con ello no mas de aproximadamente 50 % en peso de uno o mas aditivos polimericos tales como alqueno-1-polfmeros, en particular polietileno, polipropileno o polibutileno, de baja densidad, copolfmeros que contienen monoolefinas como monomeros primarios, poliolefinas oxidadas, copolfmeros de poliolefina de injerto y polioximetilenos o aditivos de bajo peso molecular tales como antioxidantes, lubricantes, agentes de deteccion sistematica de ultravioleta, colorantes y similares que se incorporan normalmente.Inconsistent with this. In the case of polyethylene, suitable fibers are those of weight average molecular weight of at least about 150,000, preferably at least about one million and more preferably between about two million and about five million. Said high molecular weight polyethylene fibers may be spun in solution (see US Patent No. 4 137 394 and US Patent No. 4 356 138) or a spun filament of a solution to form a gel structure (see US Patent No. 4 413 110, German Of. No. 3 004 699 and British Patent No. 2 051 667) or polyethylene fibers may be produced by a winding process and stretched (see U.S. Patent No. 5,702,657). As used herein, the term "polyethylene" means a predominantly linear polyethylene material that may contain minor amounts of branching chains or comonomers not exceeding approximately 5 modification units per 100 carbon atoms of the main chain and which may also contain mixed therewith no more than about 50% by weight of one or more polymeric additives such as alkene-1-polymers, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, of low density, copolymers containing monoolefins as primary monomers, oxidized polyolefins, copolymers of graft polyolefin and polyoxymethylenes or low molecular weight additives such as antioxidants, lubricants, ultraviolet systemic detection agents, dyes and the like which are normally incorporated.

Estan disponibles fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad, por ejemplo, con la marca registrada SPECTRA® fibras y filasticas de Honeywell International Inc. de Morristown, Nueva Jersey, EE. UU.High tenacity polyethylene fibers are available, for example, under the trademark SPECTRA® fibers and filaments of Honeywell International Inc. of Morristown, New Jersey, USA. UU.

Dependiendo de la tecnica de formacion, la relacion de estirado y las temperaturas y otras condiciones, pueden impartir una variedad de propiedades a estas fibras. La tenacidad de las fibras de polietileno son al menos aproximadamente 7 g/d, preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 15 g/d, mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 20 g/d, aun mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 25 g/d y lo mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 30 g/d. De manera similar, el modulo de traccion inicial de las fibras, cuando se mide por una maquina de ensayos de traccion Instron, es preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 300 g/d, mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 500 g/d, aun mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 1 000 g/d y lo mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 1 200 g/d. Estos valores mas altos para el modulo de traccion inicial y la tenacidad se pueden obtener en general solo empleando procedimientos de crecimiento en disolucion o de hilado en gel. Muchos de los filamentos presentan puntos de fusion mayores que el punto de fusion del polfmero del que se conformaron. Asf, por ejemplo, el polietileno de alto peso molecular de aproximadamente 150 000, aproximadamente un millon y aproximadamente dos millones de peso molecular, presenta en general puntos de fusion en el volumen de 138°C. Los filamentos de polietileno altamente orientados hechos de estos materiales presentan puntos de fusion de aproximadamente 7°C a aproximadamente 13°C mayores. Asf, un ligero aumento en el punto de fusion refleja la perfeccion cristalina y mayor orientacion cristalina de los filamentos cuando se compara con el polfmero en masa.Depending on the training technique, the stretching ratio and the temperatures and other conditions, they can impart a variety of properties to these fibers. The toughness of the polyethylene fibers is at least about 7 g / d, preferably at least about 15 g / d, more preferably at least about 20 g / d, even more preferably at least about 25 g / d and most preferably at least approximately 30 g / d. Similarly, the initial tensile modulus of the fibers, when measured by an Instron tensile testing machine, is preferably at least about 300 g / d, more preferably at least about 500 g / d, even more preferably at least about 1 000 g / d and most preferably at least about 1 200 g / d. These higher values for the initial tensile modulus and toughness can be obtained in general only by using dissolution or gel spinning procedures. Many of the filaments have melting points greater than the melting point of the polymer from which they were formed. Thus, for example, high molecular weight polyethylene of approximately 150,000, approximately one million and approximately two million molecular weight, generally has melting points in the volume of 138 ° C. Highly oriented polyethylene filaments made of these materials have melting points of about 7 ° C to about 13 ° C higher. Thus, a slight increase in the melting point reflects the crystalline perfection and greater crystalline orientation of the filaments when compared to the bulk polymer.

Preferiblemente, el polietileno empleado es un polietileno con menos de aproximadamente un grupo metilo por mil atomos de carbono, mas preferiblemente menos de aproximadamente 0,5 grupos metilo por mil atomos de carbono y menos de aproximadamente 1 % en peso de otros constituyentes.Preferably, the polyethylene employed is a polyethylene with less than about one methyl group per thousand carbon atoms, more preferably less than about 0.5 methyl groups per thousand carbon atoms and less than about 1% by weight of other constituents.

De manera similar, pueden usarse fibras de polipropileno de alto peso molecular, altamente orientadas, de peso molecular promedio ponderal al menos aproximadamente 200 000, preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente un millon y mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente dos millones. Dicho polipropileno de cadena extendida puede conformarse en filamentos razonablemente bien orientados por las tecnicas prescritas en las diversas referencias referidas anteriormente y especialmente por la tecnica de la patente de EE. UU. Num. 4 413 110. Puesto que el polipropileno es un material mucho menos cristalino que el polietileno y contiene grupos metilo pendientes, los valores de la tenacidad que se pueden obtener con el polipropileno son en general sustancialmente menores que los correspondientes valores para el polietileno. De acuerdo con esto, una tenacidad adecuada es preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 8 g/d, mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 11 g/d. El modulo de traccion inicial para polipropileno es preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 160 g/d, mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 200 g/d. El punto de fusion del polipropileno se eleva en general varios grados por el procedimiento de orientacion, de manera que el filamento de polipropileno presenta preferiblemente un punto de fusion principal de al menos 168°C, mas preferiblemente al menos 170°C. Los intervalos preferidos en particular para los parametros ya descritos pueden proporcionar ventajosamente realizacion mejorada en el artfculo final. Emplear fibras con un peso molecular promedio ponderal de al menos aproximadamente 200 000 unido a los intervalos preferidos para los parametros ya descritos (modulo y tenacidad) puede proporcionar realizacion ventajosamente mejorada en el artfculo final.Similarly, highly oriented, high molecular weight, high molecular weight polypropylene fibers of at least about 200,000 molecular weight, preferably at least about one million and more preferably at least about two million, can be used. Said extended chain polypropylene can be formed into filaments reasonably well oriented by the techniques prescribed in the various references referred to above and especially by the technique of US Pat. UU. No. 4 413 110. Since polypropylene is a much less crystalline material than polyethylene and contains pendant methyl groups, the toughness values that can be obtained with polypropylene are generally substantially lower than the corresponding values for polyethylene. Accordingly, a suitable toughness is preferably at least about 8 g / d, more preferably at least about 11 g / d. The initial tensile modulus for polypropylene is preferably at least about 160 g / d, more preferably at least about 200 g / d. The melting point of polypropylene is generally raised several degrees by the orientation process, so that the polypropylene filament preferably has a main melting point of at least 168 ° C, more preferably at least 170 ° C. Particularly preferred ranges for the parameters already described may advantageously provide improved performance in the final article. Using fibers with a weight average molecular weight of at least about 200,000 joined at the preferred ranges for the parameters already described (module and toughness) can provide advantageously improved performance in the final article.

En el caso de fibras de polietileno de cadena extendida, se describe preparacion y estirado de fibras de polietileno hiladas en gel en varias publicaciones, incluyendo las patentes de EE. uU. 4 413 110; 4 430 383; 4 436 689; 4 536 536; 4 545 950; 4 551 296; 4 612 148; 4 617 233; 4 663 101; 5 032 338; 5 246 657; 5 286 435; 5 342 567; 5 578 374; 5 736 244; 5 741 451; 5 958 582; 5 972 498; 6 448 359; 6 969 553 y la publicacion de la solicitud de patente de EE.UU. 2005/0093200.In the case of extended chain polyethylene fibers, preparation and stretching of gel spun polyethylene fibers is described in various publications, including US Pat. u. 4 413 110; 4 430 383; 4 436 689; 4 536 536; 4 545 950; 4 551 296; 4 612 148; 4 617 233; 4 663 101; 5 032 338; 5,246,657; 5 286 435; 5 342 567; 5 578 374; 5,736,244; 5 741 451; 5 958 582; 5 972 498; 6 448 359; 6 969 553 and the publication of the US patent application. 2005/0093200.

En el caso de fibras de aramida, se describen fibras adecuadas conformadas de poliamidas aromaticas en la patente de EE. UU. Num. 3 671 542, que se incorpora en la presente memoria como referencia en la medida en que no sea inconsistente con la presente. Las fibras de aramida preferidas presentaran una tenacidad de al menosIn the case of aramid fibers, suitable fibers formed of aromatic polyamides are described in US Pat. UU. No. 3 671 542, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this. Preferred aramid fibers will have a toughness of at least

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aproximadamente 20 g/d, un modulo de traccion inicial de al menos aproximadamente 400 g/d y una ene^a de rotura al menos aproximadamente 8 J/g y las fibras de aramida preferidas en particular presentaran una tenacidad de al menos aproximadamente 20 g/d y una energfa de rotura de al menos aproximadamente 20 J/g. Las fibras de aramida mas preferidas presentaran una tenacidad de al menos aproximadamente 23 g/d, un modulo de al menos aproximadamente 500 g/d y una energfa de rotura de al menos aproximadamente 30 J/g. Por ejemplo, los filamentos de poli(p-fenilenotereftalamida) que presentan valores de modulos y tenacidad moderadamente altos son utiles en particular en la conformacion de materiales compuestos con resistencia balfstica. Son ejemplos Twaron® T2000 de Teijin que presenta un denier de 1000. Otros ejemplos son Kevlar® 29 que presenta 500 g/d y 22 g/d como valores de modulo de traccion y tenacidad iniciales, respectivamente, asf como Kevlar® 129 y KM2 que estan disponibles en 400, 640 y 840 denieres de du Pont. Tambien pueden usarse fibras de aramida de otros fabricantes en esta invencion. Tambien pueden usarse copolfmeros de poli(p-fenilenotereftalamida), tales como co-poli(p- fenilenotereftalamida 3,4' oxidifenilenotereftalamida). Tambien son utiles en la practica de esta invencion fibras de poli(m-fenilenoisoftalamida) vendidas por du Pont con el nombre comercial Nomex®.about 20 g / d, an initial tensile modulus of at least about 400 g / d and a breakage enerea at least about 8 J / g and the particular preferred aramid fibers will have a toughness of at least about 20 g / d a breaking energy of at least about 20 J / g. The most preferred aramid fibers will have a toughness of at least about 23 g / d, a modulus of at least about 500 g / d and a breaking energy of at least about 30 J / g. For example, poly (p-phenyleneterephthalamide) filaments having moderately high modulus and toughness values are useful in particular in the conformation of composite materials with ballistic resistance. Examples are Twaron® T2000 from Teijin that has a denier of 1000. Other examples are Kevlar® 29 which has 500 g / d and 22 g / d as initial tensile and tensile modulus values, respectively, as well as Kevlar® 129 and KM2 which They are available in 400, 640 and 840 denieres de du Pont. Aramid fibers of other manufacturers can also be used in this invention. Copolymers of poly (p-phenyleneterephthalamide), such as co-poly (p-phenyleneterephthalamide 3,4'-oxidiphenyleneterephthalamide) can also be used. Also useful in the practice of this invention are poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) fibers sold by du Pont under the trade name Nomex®.

Las fibras de alcohol polivimlico de alto peso molecular (PV-OH) con alto modulo de traccion se describen en la patente de EE. UU. Num. 4 440 711 a Kwon et al. Las fibras de PV-OH de alto peso molecular debenan presentar un peso molecular promedio ponderal de al menos aproximadamente 200 000. Las fibras de PV-OH utiles en particular debenan presentar un modulo de al menos aproximadamente 300 g/d, una tenacidad preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 10 g/d, mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 14 g/d y lo mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 17 g/d y una energfa de rotura de al menos aproximadamente 8 J/g. Puede producirse fibra de PV-OH con esas propiedades, por ejemplo, por el procedimiento descrito en la patente de EE. UU. Num. 4 599 267.High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (PV-OH) fibers with high tensile modulus are described in US Pat. UU. No. 4 440 711 to Kwon et al. The high molecular weight PV-OH fibers should have a weight average molecular weight of at least about 200 000. The useful PV-OH fibers in particular should have a modulus of at least about 300 g / d, a tenacity preferably at less about 10 g / d, more preferably at least about 14 g / d and most preferably at least about 17 g / d and a breaking energy of at least about 8 J / g. PV-OH fiber with these properties can be produced, for example, by the process described in US Pat. UU. No. 4 599 267.

En el caso de poliacrilonitrilo (PAN), la fibra de PAN debena presentar un peso molecular promedio ponderal de al menos aproximadamente 400 000. La fibra de PAN util en particular debena presentar una tenacidad de preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 10 g/d y una energfa de rotura de al menos aproximadamente 8 J/g. La fibra de PAN con un peso molecular de al menos aproximadamente 400 000, una tenacidad de al menos aproximadamente 15 a 20 g/d y una energfa de rotura de al menos aproximadamente 8 J/g es la mas util y dichas fibras se describen, por ejemplo, en la patente de EE. UU. Num. 4 535 027.In the case of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the PAN fiber should have a weight average molecular weight of at least about 400,000. The particularly useful PAN fiber should have a toughness of preferably at least about 10 g / d and an energy of breakage of at least about 8 J / g. PAN fiber with a molecular weight of at least about 400,000, a toughness of at least about 15 to 20 g / d and a breaking energy of at least about 8 J / g is the most useful and said fibers are described, by example, in US Pat. UU. No. 4 535 027.

Se describen fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido adecuadas para la practica de esta invencion, por ejemplo, en las patentes de EE. UU. n.os 3 975 487; 4 118 372 y 4 161 470. Estan disponibles fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido con la denominacion fibras Vectran® de Kuraray America Inc.Liquid crystal copolyester fibers suitable for the practice of this invention are described, for example, in US Pat. UU. No. 3,975,487; 4 118 372 and 4 161 470. Liquid crystal copolyester fibers with the designation Vectran® fibers from Kuraray America Inc. are available.

Se describen fibras de polibenzazol adecuadas para la practica de esta invencion, por ejemplo, en las patentes de EE. UU. n.os 5 286 833, 5 296 185, 5 356 584, 5 534 205 y 6 040 050. Las fibras de polibenzazol estan disponibles con la denominacion fibras Zylon® de Toyobo Co.Polibenzazole fibers suitable for the practice of this invention are described, for example, in US Pat. UU. Nos. 5 286 833, 5 296 185, 5 356 584, 5 534 205 and 6 040 050. Polybenzazole fibers are available under the name Zylon® fibers of Toyobo Co.

Se describen fibras de varilla ngida, por ejemplo, en las patentes de EE. UU. n.os 5 674 969, 5 939 553, 5 945 537 y 6 040 478. Dichas fibras estan disponibles con la denominacion fibras M5® de Magellan Systems International.Niggle rod fibers are described, for example, in US Pat. UU. Nos. 5 674 969, 5 939 553, 5 945 537 and 6 040 478. Such fibers are available under the M5® fibers designation of Magellan Systems International.

Cuando se emplean dos o mas tipos de fibras de alta tenacidad en los cabos de esta invencion, preferiblemente un tipo de fibras de alta tenacidad es una fibra de poliolefina, mas preferiblemente una fibra de polietileno. El porcentaje de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad en los cabos puede variar extensamente, dependiendo del otro tipo de fibra de alta tenacidad empleado y las propiedades deseadas de las fibras. Las fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad pueden comprender de aproximadamente 20 a aproximadamente 80 por ciento en peso, mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 70 por ciento en peso y lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 40 a aproximadamente 60 por ciento en peso, basado en el peso total de las fibras de alta tenacidad en el cabo. Por ejemplo, los cabos pueden conformarse de aproximadamente 80 a aproximadamente 20 por ciento en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad e igualmente de aproximadamente 20 a aproximadamente 80 por ciento en peso de fibras de aramida; mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 70 a aproximadamente 30 por ciento en peso de las fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad e igualmente de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 70 por ciento enWhen two or more types of high tenacity fibers are used in the ends of this invention, preferably one type of high tenacity fibers is a polyolefin fiber, more preferably a polyethylene fiber. The percentage of high tenacity polyethylene fibers in the ends can vary widely, depending on the other type of high tenacity fiber used and the desired properties of the fibers. The high tenacity polyethylene fibers may comprise from about 20 to about 80 percent by weight, more preferably from about 30 to about 70 percent by weight and most preferably from about 40 to about 60 percent by weight, based on the Total weight of high tenacity fibers at the end. For example, the ends may be formed from about 80 to about 20 percent by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and also from about 20 to about 80 percent by weight of aramid fibers; more preferably from about 70 to about 30 percent by weight of the high tenacity polyethylene fibers and also from about 30 to about 70 percent in

peso de fibras de aramida; lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 40 a aproximadamente 60 por ciento enaramid fiber weight; most preferably from about 40 to about 60 percent in

peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad e igualmente de aproximadamente 60 a aproximadamente 40 por ciento en peso de fibras de aramida. En una realizacion preferida en particular, el cabo comprende aproximadamente 70 a 55 por ciento en peso de fibras de aramida e igualmente de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 45 por ciento en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad, basado en el peso total de las fibras de alta tenacidad en el cabo. En otra realizacion de la invencion todas, o sustancialmente todas, las fibras en el cabo se conforman de fibras de aramida.weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and also about 60 to about 40 percent by weight aramid fibers. In a particular preferred embodiment, the rope comprises about 70 to 55 percent by weight of aramid fibers and also about 30 to about 45 percent by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers, based on the total weight of the fibers High tenacity at the end. In another embodiment of the invention all, or substantially all, the fibers in the end are made of aramid fibers.

Cuando se usan fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido junto con fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad, pueden conformarse cabos de aproximadamente 80 a aproximadamente 20 por ciento en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad e igualmente de aproximadamente 20 a aproximadamente 80 por ciento en peso de fibras deWhen liquid crystal copolyester fibers are used together with high tenacity polyethylene fibers, ends of about 80 to about 20 percent by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and also about 20 to about 80 percent by weight can be formed. of fibers of

copoliester de cristal lfquido; mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 70 a aproximadamente 30 por ciento enliquid crystal copolyester; more preferably from about 70 to about 30 percent in

peso de las fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad e igualmente de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 70 por ciento en peso de fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido; lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 40 a aproximadamente 60 por ciento en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad e igualmente de aproximadamenteweight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and also about 30 to about 70 percent by weight of liquid crystal copolyester fibers; most preferably from about 40 to about 60 percent by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and also about

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60 a aproximadamente 40 por ciento en peso de fibras de copoliester de cristal Ifquido. En una realizacion preferida en particular, el cabo comprende de aproximadamente 70 a 55 por ciento en peso de fibras de copoliester de cristal Ifquido e igualmente de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 45 por ciento en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad, basado en el peso total de las fibras de alta tenacidad en el cabo. En otra realizacion de la invencion todas, o sustancialmente todas, las fibras en el cabo estan conformadas de fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.60 to about 40 percent by weight of liquid crystal copolyester fibers. In a particular preferred embodiment, the rope comprises from about 70 to 55 percent by weight of liquid crystal copolyester fibers and also from about 30 to about 45 percent by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers, based on weight Total high tenacity fibers at the end. In another embodiment of the invention all, or substantially all, the fibers in the end are formed of liquid crystal copolyester fibers.

Si se desea, pueden emplearse otros tipos de fibras ademas de las fibras de alta tenacidad mencionadas anteriormente. Otro tipo de fibra que puede estar presente en la construccion del cabo de esta invencion junto con las fibras de alta tenacidad son fibras conformadas de fluoropolfmeros. Dichas fibras de fluoropolfmero incluyen fibras conformadas, por ejemplo, de politetrafluoroetileno (preferiblemente politetrafluoroetileno expandido), policlorotrifluoroetileno (tanto homopolfmeros como copolfmeros (incluyendo terpolfmeros)), poli(fluoruro de vinilo), poli(fluoruro de vinilideno), copolfmeros de etileno-tetrafluoroetileno, copolfmeros de etileno-clorotrifluoroetileno, copolfmeros de etileno-propileno fluorados, polfmero de perfluoroalcoxi y similares, asf como mezclas de dos o mas de lo anterior. Fibras de fluoropolfmero especialmente preferidas son las conformadas de politetrafluoroetileno y en particular fibras de politetrafluoroetileno expandidas. Dichas fibras estan disponibles, por ejemplo, de Lenzing Plastics GmbH & Co. KG y WL Gore & Associates.If desired, other types of fibers may be employed in addition to the high tenacity fibers mentioned above. Another type of fiber that may be present in the construction of the end of this invention together with the high tenacity fibers are fluoropolymer shaped fibers. Such fluoropolymer fibers include fibers formed, for example, of polytetrafluoroethylene (preferably expanded polytetrafluoroethylene), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (both homopolymers and copolymers (including terpolymers)), poly (vinyl fluoride), poly (vinylidene fluoride), ethylene-tetraethylene copolymers , ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, perfluoroalkoxy polymer and the like, as well as mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Especially preferred fluoropolymer fibers are those made of polytetrafluoroethylene and in particular expanded polytetrafluoroethylene fibers. Such fibers are available, for example, from Lenzing Plastics GmbH & Co. KG and WL Gore & Associates.

La porcion de las fibras de fluoropolfmero que se mezcla con las fibras de alta tenacidad puede variar ampliamente dependiendo del tipo de fluoropolfmero y la aplicacion de uso final. Por ejemplo, la cantidad de fibras de fluoropolfmero en la mezcla puede oscilar de aproximadamente 1 a aproximadamente 40 por ciento en peso, mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 5 a aproximadamente 25 por ciento en peso y lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 10 a aproximadamente 20 por ciento en peso, basado en el peso total de las fibras mezcladas. Igualmente, la cantidad de las fibras de alta tenacidad puede oscilar de aproximadamente 60 a aproximadamente 99 por ciento en peso, mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 75 a aproximadamente 95 por ciento en peso y lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 80 a aproximadamente 90 por ciento en peso, basado en el peso total de las fibras mezcladas.The portion of the fluoropolymer fibers that are mixed with the high tenacity fibers can vary widely depending on the type of fluoropolymer and the end-use application. For example, the amount of fluoropolymer fibers in the mixture may range from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight, more preferably from about 5 to about 25 percent by weight and most preferably from about 10 to about 20 percent by weight. weight, based on the total weight of the mixed fibers. Likewise, the amount of high tenacity fibers may range from about 60 to about 99 percent by weight, more preferably from about 75 to about 95 percent by weight and most preferably from about 80 to about 90 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the mixed fibers.

Los diferentes tipos de fibras utiles en los cabos de esta invencion pueden mezclarse de cualquier manera adecuada. Por ejemplo, pueden torcerse cordones de un tipo de fibras con cordones de otro tipo de fibras para conformar un cordon combinado que se trenza despues en un cabo. Alternativamente, las fibras pueden combinarse como una fibra bicomponente, con una funda y un alma. Tambien pueden emplearse otras construcciones. Los diferentes tipos de fibras pueden estar presentes en cualquier posicion deseada en el cabo.The different types of useful fibers in the ends of this invention can be mixed in any suitable manner. For example, cords of one type of fibers can be twisted with cords of another type of fibers to form a combined cord that is then braided in one end. Alternatively, the fibers can be combined as a bicomponent fiber, with a sheath and a soul. Other constructions can also be used. Different types of fibers can be present in any desired position in the rope.

Los cabos de esta invencion comprenden preferiblemente mezclas de dos o mas fibras de alta tenacidad o consisten esencialmente en mezclas de dos o mas fibras de alta tenacidad, opcionalmente junto con las fibras de fluoropolfmero. Estos cabos pueden ser de cualquier construccion adecuada, tales como cabos trenzados, cabos torcidos, cabos de torsion, cabos con alma paralelos y similares. Lo mas preferiblemente, el cabo es un cabo trenzado. Los cabos pueden ser de cualquier diametro adecuado y pueden conformarse de cualquier modo adecuado de las fibras y/o filasticas adecuadas. Por ejemplo, en la conformacion de un cabo trenzado se puede emplear una maquina de trenzado convencional que presenta una pluralidad de bobinas de filastica. Como se conoce en la tecnica, a medida que se desplazan las bobinas, las filasticas se tejen sobre, y bajo, cada una y finalmente se enrollan sobre un carrete que gira hacia arriba. Los detalles de las maquinas de trenzado y la formacion de cabos de ah son conocidos en la tecnica y no se describen, por lo tanto, con detalle en la presente memoria.The ends of this invention preferably comprise mixtures of two or more high tenacity fibers or consist essentially of mixtures of two or more high tenacity fibers, optionally together with the fluoropolymer fibers. These ends may be of any suitable construction, such as twisted ends, twisted ends, twist ends, parallel core ends and the like. Most preferably, the end is a braided end. The ends can be of any suitable diameter and can be shaped in any suitable way from the suitable fibers and / or filaments. For example, in the conformation of a braided rope a conventional braiding machine can be used that has a plurality of filamentous coils. As is known in the art, as the coils move, the filastics are woven over, and under, each and finally rolled onto a reel that turns upwards. The details of braiding machines and the formation of ends are known in the art and are not described, therefore, in detail herein.

Las filasticas de un tipo de fibras de alta tenacidad pueden conformarse en un subcabo que se conforma despues en un cabo (tal como por trenzado) con un subcabo conformado de filasticas del otro tipo de fibras de alta tenacidad. Alternativamente, puede conformarse un subcabo de mezclas de las fibras de alta tenacidad y dicho subcabo puede conformarse en un cabo usando otros subcabos o diferentes tipos de subcabos, por trenzado o cualquier otra tecnica deseada.The filactases of one type of high tenacity fibers can be formed in a subcab that is then formed in a rope (such as by braiding) with a subcab formed of filastics of the other type of high tenacity fibers. Alternatively, a subcap of mixtures of the high tenacity fibers can be formed and said subcap can be formed in a cape using other subcaps or different types of subcaps, by braiding or any other desired technique.

Las filasticas de alta tenacidad que conforman el cabo pueden ser de cualquier denier adecuado y las filasticas de la fibra de fluoropolfmero pueden ser del mismo o distinto denier que las filasticas de las fibras de alta tenacidad. Por ejemplo, las filasticas de alta tenacidad pueden presentar un denier de aproximadamente 50 a aproximadamente 5000, mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 75 a aproximadamente 2000 denier, aun mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 200 a aproximadamente 2000 y lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 650 a aproximadamente 1500 denier. Las filasticas de fluoropolfmero pueden presentar un denier de aproximadamente 50 a aproximadamente 2500 y mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 400 a aproximadamente 1600.The high tenacity filaments that make up the rope can be of any suitable denier and the fluoropolymer fiber filactases can be the same or different denier than the high tenacity fiber filastics. For example, the high tenacity filastics may have a denier of about 50 to about 5000, more preferably of about 75 to about 2000 denier, even more preferably of about 200 to about 2000 and most preferably of about 650 to about 1500 denier. The fluoropolymer filatics may have a denier of about 50 to about 2500 and more preferably of about 400 to about 1600.

De acuerdo con esta invencion, se aplica una cierta composicion de recubrimiento a la construccion del cabo. Se recubren las fibras o filasticas individuales, o mezclas de las fibras o filasticas, con la composicion de recubrimiento y despues se conforma un cabo de las fibras o filasticas recubiertas o se conforma primero el cabo y despues se recubre con la composicion de recubrimiento. La composicion de recubrimiento comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado. Los dos componentes pueden mezclarse en cualquier relacion deseada, tal como de aproximadamente 1 a aproximadamente 99 por ciento en peso del polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, y una cantidad correspondiente de la resina de silicona con funciones amino. Todos los porcentajes son en peso del peso total de la composicion, a menos que se indique deAccording to this invention, a certain coating composition is applied to the cape construction. The individual fibers or filaments, or mixtures of the fibers or filaments, are coated with the coating composition and then a rope of the coated fibers or filaments is formed or the rope is formed first and then coated with the coating composition. The coating composition comprises a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene. The two components can be mixed in any desired ratio, such as from about 1 to about 99 percent by weight of the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene, and a corresponding amount of the amino-functional silicone resin. All percentages are by weight of the total weight of the composition, unless indicated in

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otro modo. Preferiblemente, el polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, esta presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 90 por ciento en peso, estando presente igualmente la resina de silicona con funciones amino en una cantidad de aproximadamente 10 a aproximadamente 70 por ciento en peso. Mas preferiblemente, el polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, es el componente principal del recubrimiento, tal como de aproximadamente 55 a aproximadamente 85 por ciento en peso de composicion de recubrimiento, estando presente la resina de silicona con funciones amino en una cantidad de aproximadamente 15 a aproximadamente 45 por ciento en peso. La composicion puede contener una variedad de otros aditivos, dependiendo de las propiedades finales deseadas.another way. Preferably, the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene is present in an amount of about 30 to about 90 percent by weight, the silicone resin with amino functions also being present in an amount of about 10 to about 70 percent by weight . More preferably, neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene is the main component of the coating, such as from about 55 to about 85 percent by weight of coating composition, the silicone resin with amino functions being present in an amount of about 15 to about 45 percent by weight. The composition may contain a variety of other additives, depending on the desired final properties.

Puesto que algunas fibras de alta tenacidad tales como fibras de poliolefina de alto modulo normalmente tienen aplicado un ensimaje cuando se han conformado, en la presente invencion la composicion de recubrimiento usada en la presente memoria se refiere a veces como una composicion para ultima capa de acabado.Since some high tenacity fibers such as high modulus polyolefin fibers typically have a sizing applied when they have been formed, in the present invention the coating composition used herein is sometimes referred to as a composition for last finishing layer. .

La silicona con funciones amino esta preferiblemente en la forma de una emulsion. Preferiblemente, la emulsion comprende de aproximadamente 20 a aproximadamente 40 por ciento en peso de la resina de silicona y presenta un pH en el intervalo de aproximadamente 4,5 a aproximadamente 6,5. La emulsion incluye preferiblemente un emulsionante no ionico.The silicone with amino functions is preferably in the form of an emulsion. Preferably, the emulsion comprises about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the silicone resin and has a pH in the range of about 4.5 to about 6.5. The emulsion preferably includes a non-ionic emulsifier.

Asimismo, el polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, esta en forma de una emulsion. Preferiblemente, el polietileno esta completamente neutralizado. Los polietilenos de bajo peso molecular tambien son conocidos como ceras de polietileno y a veces se denominan dispersiones de cera. Como se sabe en la tecnica, estas ceras de polietileno, tambien denominadas resinas, presentan en general un peso molecular menor que aproximadamente 6000 Dalton, mas preferiblemente menor que aproximadamente 5000 Dalton, incluso mas preferiblemente por debajo de aproximadamente 3500 Dalton y lo mas preferiblemente entre aproximadamente 300 y aproximadamente 3000 Dalton.Also, the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene is in the form of an emulsion. Preferably, the polyethylene is completely neutralized. Low molecular weight polyethylenes are also known as polyethylene waxes and are sometimes referred to as wax dispersions. As is known in the art, these polyethylene waxes, also called resins, generally have a molecular weight less than about 6000 Dalton, more preferably less than about 5000 Dalton, even more preferably below about 3500 Dalton and most preferably between approximately 300 and approximately 3000 Dalton.

Los componentes de recubrimiento pueden mezclarse de cualquier manera adecuada. Por ejemplo, la emulsion de silicona con funciones amino puede anadirse al polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, en un recipiente de acero inoxidable u otro recipiente inerte. El recipiente esta provisto preferiblemente de un agitador para mezclamiento apropiado en condiciones de bajo cizallamiento (flujo laminar). Anadir la emulsion de silicona con funciones amino al polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, permite que el pH del sistema permanezca en el intervalo alcalino. Alternativamente, el polietileno de bajo peso molecular puede ser anadido a la emulsion de silicona con funciones amino. El mezclamiento puede ser realizado a cualquier temperatura adecuada, preferiblemente entre aproximadamente 15 y aproximadamente 45 °C, mas preferiblemente entre aproximadamente 20 y aproximadamente 30 °C. Se prefiere que la composicion de recubrimiento presente un contenido en solidos relativamente alto, tal como del orden de al menos aproximadamente 25% en peso y mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 30% en peso. Lo mas preferiblemente, el contenido en solidos de la composicion de recubrimiento es de aproximadamente 33 a aproximadamente 35% en peso. Se ha encontrado que el uso de emulsiones de recubrimiento de alto contenido en solidos permite mayor porcentaje de absorcion de la composicion de recubrimiento en la fibra/filastica o cabo.The coating components may be mixed in any suitable manner. For example, the silicone emulsion with amino functions can be added to the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene in a stainless steel container or other inert container. The vessel is preferably provided with an agitator for proper mixing under low shear conditions (laminar flow). Adding the silicone emulsion with amino functions to the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene allows the pH of the system to remain in the alkaline range. Alternatively, low molecular weight polyethylene can be added to the silicone emulsion with amino functions. Mixing can be performed at any suitable temperature, preferably between about 15 and about 45 ° C, more preferably between about 20 and about 30 ° C. It is preferred that the coating composition has a relatively high solids content, such as on the order of at least about 25% by weight and more preferably at least about 30% by weight. Most preferably, the solids content of the coating composition is from about 33 to about 35% by weight. It has been found that the use of high-solids coating emulsions allows a higher percentage of absorption of the coating composition in the fiber / filamentous or cape.

Si la composicion se recubre directamente sobre la fibra o filastica, puede emplearse cualquier dispositivo de recubrimiento adecuado. Ejemplos de dicho aparato de recubrimiento incluyen rodillos lubricantes, rodillos de contacto, banos de inmersion y aplicadores de acabado. Se desea una temperatura constante para proporcionar una aplicacion uniforme y realizacion superior a medida que la viscosidad del sistema es influida por diferencias de temperatura. Si se aplica la composicion al cabo, el cabo puede ser sumergido en un bano conteniendo la composicion de recubrimiento, escurriendo la composicion en exceso seguido por secado al aire o puede recubrirse el cabo y hacerse pasar despues por un dispositivo de calentamiento para acelerar el secado seguido por secado al aire.If the composition is coated directly on the fiber or filamentous, any suitable coating device can be used. Examples of said coating apparatus include lubricating rollers, contact rollers, immersion baths and finishing applicators. A constant temperature is desired to provide a uniform application and superior performance as the viscosity of the system is influenced by temperature differences. If the composition is applied at the end, the end may be immersed in a bath containing the coating composition, the excess composition drained followed by air drying or the end may be coated and then passed through a heating device to accelerate drying followed by air drying.

Se desea tener un porcentaje de absorcion final relativamente alto de los solidos de recubrimiento sobre la fibra/filastica o cabo. Preferiblemente, el porcentaje de absorcion final es al menos aproximadamente 0,5 por ciento en peso, mas preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 5 por ciento en peso y lo mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente 10 a aproximadamente 30% en peso.It is desired to have a relatively high final absorption percentage of the coating solids on the fiber / filastica or cape. Preferably, the final absorption percentage is at least about 0.5 percent by weight, more preferably at least about 5 percent by weight and most preferably from about 10 to about 30% by weight.

Los siguientes ejemplos no limitantes se presentan para proporcionar una comprension mas completa de la invencion. Las tecnicas, condiciones, materiales, proporciones y datos indicados, espedficos, expuestos para ilustrar los principios de la invencion son ejemplares y no debenan interpretarse como limitantes del alcance de la invencion. Todas las partes estan en peso, a menos que es indique de otro modo.The following non-limiting examples are presented to provide a more complete understanding of the invention. The techniques, conditions, materials, proportions and data indicated, specific, set forth to illustrate the principles of the invention are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All parts are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.

EjemplosExamples

Ejemplo 1Example 1

Se formo un cabo trenzado de filasticas de polietileno de alta tenacidad y filasticas de copoliester de cristal lfquido. La filastica de polietileno empleada fue filastica SPECTRA® 1000 de Honeywell International Inc., con un denier de 1300, una tenacidad de 35 g/d y un modulo de 1150 g/d. La filastica de copoliester de cristal lfquido fue filasticaA braided line of high tenacity polyethylene filastics and liquid crystal copolyester filastics was formed. The polyethylene filastic used was SPECTRA® 1000 filastic from Honeywell International Inc., with a denier of 1300, a toughness of 35 g / d and a module of 1150 g / d. The liquid crystal copolyester kinesthetic was phylastic

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Vectran® HT Tipo 97 de Kuraray America Inc., con un denier de 1500, una tenacidad de aproximadamente 25 g/d y un modulo de aproximadamente 600 g/d. Las filasticas se recubrieron con una composicion para ultima capa de acabado.Vectran® HT Type 97 from Kuraray America Inc., with a denier of 1500, a toughness of approximately 25 g / d and a module of approximately 600 g / d. The filactases were coated with a composition for the last layer of finish.

La composicion para ultima capa de acabado se preparo de una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado. La resina de silicona con funciones amino fue una emulsion con un contenido en silicona de 35 por ciento en peso, un pH de 4,5-6,5 y se incluyo un emulsionante no ionico, disponible en Dow Corning (emulsion 2-8818). El polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, fue una emulsion de cera de polietileno, no ionica, neutralizada, (Fluftone® 1566 de Apollo Chemical), con un contenido en solidos entre 29% y 31% y pH en el intervalo de entre 9,0 y 11.The last finishing layer composition was prepared from a silicone resin with amino functions and a neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene. The silicone resin with amino functions was an emulsion with a silicone content of 35 percent by weight, a pH of 4.5-6.5 and a non-ionic emulsifier, available in Dow Corning (emulsion 2-8818) was included. . The low molecular weight polyethylene, neutralized, was a non-ionic, neutralized polyethylene wax emulsion (Fluftone® 1566 from Apollo Chemical), with a solids content between 29% and 31% and pH in the range of 9 , 0 and 11.

La composicion de recubrimiento se preparo mezclando el polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado, en la emulsion de resina de silicona con funciones amino, comprendiendo la composicion resultante 70% en peso del polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado. La filastica se recubrio sumergiendo la fibra en la composicion para ultima capa de acabado a temperatura ambiente. La cantidad de porcentaje de absorcion del recubrimiento sobre la filastica fue aproximadamente 15 por ciento.The coating composition was prepared by mixing the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene in the silicone resin emulsion with amino functions, the resulting composition comprising 70% by weight of the neutralized low molecular weight polyethylene. The filastica was coated by dipping the fiber in the composition for the last finishing layer at room temperature. The amount of absorption percentage of the coating on the filamentous was approximately 15 percent.

Se trenzo la filastica recubierta en un cabo de 12 cordones con un diametro aproximado de 5 mm de diametro. Se trenzo la filastica en un cabo torciendo primero tres filasticas recubiertas entre sf en un cordel a 0,5 vueltas por pulgada (2,54 cm). Se torcieron los cordeles en la direccion "S" y la direccion "Z". Despues se cargaron doce cordeles en una trenzadora de 12 cordeles de un modo alterno (S, Z, S, Z, etc.). Se trenzaron despues tres cordeles entre sf dando como resultado un cabo trenzado de 12 cordones. El cabo estaba constituido por aproximadamente 63% en peso de las fibras de polietileno y aproximadamente 37% en peso de las fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.The coated filastica was braided in a 12-cord line with an approximate diameter of 5 mm in diameter. The filastica was braided in a cape by first twisting three filastics coated with each other in a string at 0.5 turns per inch (2.54 cm). The twines were twisted in the "S" direction and the "Z" direction. Then twelve strings were loaded into a 12-strand braid alternately (S, Z, S, Z, etc.). Three strings were braided between each other, resulting in a 12-strand braided rope. The cape consisted of approximately 63% by weight of the polyethylene fibers and approximately 37% by weight of the liquid crystal copolyester fibers.

Se ensayo en el cabo su resistencia a la flexion dclica sobre poleas (FCSP). En este ensayo, se flexionaron los cabos aproximadamente 180 grados sobre una polea de enrollamiento o rodillo, libre. Los cabos se colocan bajo carga y se realizaron ciclos sobre la polea hasta que se rompe el cabo. Se realizo el ensayo como la relacion D:d de 10 sobre un rodillo de 1,3 pulgadas (3,3 cm) a 75 ciclos por minuto con una carga de 100 kg sobre la polea (50 kg de tension en cada lado del cabo). El numero de ciclos se determino basandose en un promedio de 5 posiciones antes de que se rompiera el cabo. Los resultados se muestran en la Tabla 1, a continuacion.Its resistance to cyclic flexion on pulleys (FCSP) was tested in the end. In this test, the ends were flexed approximately 180 degrees on a freewheel or roller pulley. The ends are placed under load and cycles were made on the pulley until the end is broken. The test was carried out as the ratio D: d of 10 on a roller of 1.3 inches (3.3 cm) at 75 cycles per minute with a load of 100 kg on the pulley (50 kg of tension on each side of the rope ). The number of cycles was determined based on an average of 5 positions before the rope broke. The results are shown in Table 1, below.

Ejemplo 2 (comparativo)Example 2 (comparative)

Como control para el Ejemplo 1, se conformo un cabo trenzado de la misma manera, pero no se uso una composicion para ultima capa de acabado. Este cordon tambien se ensayo para evaluar su resistencia a FCSP y los resultados se muestran en la Tabla 1, a continuacion.As a control for Example 1, a braided end was formed in the same way, but a composition was not used for the last layer of finish. This cord was also tested to assess its resistance to FCSP and the results are shown in Table 1, below.

Tabla 1Table 1

Ejemplo  Example
Recubrimiento Ciclos para rotura  Breaking Cycle Coating

1  one
Sf 97 295  Sf 97 295

2*  2*
No 57 457  No 57 457

*comparativo  *comparative

Los datos en la Tabla 1 demuestran que los cabos formados de mezclas de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido que se recubren con la composicion de recubrimiento de la invencion presentan una resistencia a la fatiga de FCSP significativamente mayor.The data in Table 1 demonstrate that the ends formed of mixtures of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and liquid crystal copolyester fibers that are coated with the coating composition of the invention have a significantly higher fatigue resistance of FCSP.

Ejemplo 3Example 3

Se repitio el Ejemplo 1, excepto que se formo el cabo de 40% en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y 60% en peso de fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido y presenta un diametro de aproximadamente 40 mm. Se observan resultados similares.Example 1 was repeated, except that 40% by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and 60% by weight of liquid crystal copolyester fibers were formed and had a diameter of approximately 40 mm. Similar results are observed.

Ejemplo 4Example 4

Se repite el Ejemplo 1, excepto que se conforma el cabo de 40% en peso de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y 60% en peso de fibras de aramida y presenta un diametro de aproximadamente 40 mm. Se observan resultados similares.Example 1 is repeated, except that the 40% by weight of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and 60% by weight of aramid fibers is formed and has a diameter of approximately 40 mm. Similar results are observed.

Ejemplo 5Example 5

Se repite el Ejemplo 1 excepto que se conforman los cabos de filasticas no recubiertas y despues de la fabricacion se recubren los cabos con la composicion para ultima capa de acabado sumergiendo el cabo en la composicion para ultima capa de acabado a temperatura ambiente. Se observan resultados similares.Example 1 is repeated except that the ends of uncoated filaments are formed and after manufacturing the ends are coated with the composition for the last finishing layer by immersing the end in the composition for the last finishing layer at room temperature. Similar results are observed.

5 Se puede observar que la presente invencion proporciona cabos que presentan una resistencia a la fatiga de FCSP significativamente mejorada. Como resultado, se pueden emplear estos cabos en muchas aplicaciones demandadas, incluyendo aplicaciones marinas tales como elevacion y bajada de objetos pesados del fondo marino.5 It can be seen that the present invention provides ends that exhibit significantly improved FCSP fatigue resistance. As a result, these ends can be used in many demanded applications, including marine applications such as lifting and lowering of heavy seabed objects.

Habiendo descrito asf la invencion con un detalle bastante completo, se entendera que no se require respetar dicho detalle estrictamente, sino que un experto en la materia puede sugerir mas cambios y modificaciones, 10 encontrandose todos dentro del alcance de la invencion como se define por las reivindicaciones adjuntas.Having thus described the invention with a fairly complete detail, it will be understood that it is not required to respect said detail strictly, but that one skilled in the art can suggest more changes and modifications, 10 all of which are within the scope of the invention as defined by the attached claims.

Claims (30)

55 1010 15fifteen 20twenty 2525 3030 3535 4040 45Four. Five 50fifty REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un cabo que presenta resistencia mejorada a la fatiga de flexion dclica sobre poleas (FCSP), comprendiendo dicho cabo fibras de alta tenacidad, estando recubierto dicho cabo y/o dichas fibras con una composicion, caracterizado por que la composicion comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.1. A rope having improved resistance to fatigue of cyclic flexion on pulleys (FCSP), said rope comprising high tenacity fibers, said rope and / or said fibers being coated with a composition, characterized in that the composition comprises a resin of silicone with amino functions and a low molecular weight polyethylene, neutralized. 2. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad se seleccionan del grupo que consiste en poliolefinas de alto peso molecular, aramida, alcohol polivimlico, poliacrilonitrilo, polibenzazol, poliamida, poliester, poliesteres de cristal lfquido, fibras de vidrio, carbono, basalto, minerales y fibras de varilla ngida y mezclas de los mismos.2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said high tenacity fibers are selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight polyolefins, aramid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polybenzazole, polyamide, polyester, liquid crystal polyester, fiber fibers glass, carbon, basalt, minerals and fibers of nigid rod and mixtures thereof. 3. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad se seleccionan del grupo que consiste en fibras de polietileno de alto peso molecular, fibras de aramida, fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido y mezclas de los mismos.3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said high tenacity fibers are selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, liquid crystal copolyester fibers and mixtures thereof. 4. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad comprenden una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y otras fibras de alta tenacidad que no son fibras de poliolefina, siendo esas otras fibras fibras de aramida y/o fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said high tenacity fibers comprise a mixture of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and other high tenacity fibers that are not polyolefin fibers, those other fibers being aramid and / or fibers. liquid crystal copolyester fibers. 5. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dichas fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad estan presentes en una cantidad que oscila de aproximadamente 40 a aproximadamente 60 por ciento en peso y esas otras fibras estan presentes en una cantidad que oscila de aproximadamente 60 a aproximadamente 40 por ciento en peso, basado en el peso total de dichas fibras de alta tenacidad en dicho cabo.5. The line according to claim 4, wherein said high tenacity polyethylene fibers are present in an amount ranging from about 40 to about 60 percent by weight and those other fibers are present in an amount ranging from about 60 at about 40 percent by weight, based on the total weight of said high tenacity fibers in said cape. 6. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad comprenden una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y fibras de aramida.6. The line according to claim 4, wherein said high tenacity fibers comprise a mixture of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and aramid fibers. 7. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad comprenden una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.7. The line according to claim 4, wherein said high tenacity fibers comprise a mixture of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and liquid crystal copolyester fibers. 8. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dicha composicion esta presente en dicho cabo en una cantidad de al menos aproximadamente 5 por ciento en peso basado en el peso de dicho cabo.8. The line according to claim 4, wherein said composition is present in said line in an amount of at least about 5 weight percent based on the weight of said line. 9. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular es el componente principal de dicha composicion.9. The line according to claim 4, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is the main component of said composition. 10. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 55 por ciento a aproximadamente 85 por ciento en peso basado en el peso total de dicha composicion.10. The line according to claim 4, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is present in an amount of about 55 percent to about 85 percent by weight based on the total weight of said composition. 11. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 10, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta totalmente neutralizado.11. The line according to claim 10, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is fully neutralized. 12. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, que comprende ademas fibras de fluoropolfmero.12. The line according to claim 4, further comprising fluoropolymer fibers. 13. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 4, en el que dicho cabo es un cabo trenzado.13. The end according to claim 4, wherein said end is a twisted end. 14. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad presentan una tenacidad de al menos aproximadamente 16 g/d.14. The line according to claim 1, wherein said high tenacity fibers have a toughness of at least about 16 g / d. 15. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad consisten esencialmente en fibras de aramida.15. The line according to claim 1, wherein said high tenacity fibers consist essentially of aramid fibers. 16. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, que comprende una mezcla de fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad con otras fibras de alta tenacidad que no son fibras de poliolefina.16. The line according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of high tenacity polyolefin fibers with other high tenacity fibers that are not polyolefin fibers. 17. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 16, en el que esas otras fibras de alta tenacidad que no son fibras de poliolefina comprenden fibras de aramida y/o fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.17. The line according to claim 16, wherein those other high tenacity fibers that are not polyolefin fibers comprise aramid fibers and / or liquid crystal copolyester fibers. 18. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 17, en el que dichas fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad son fibras de18. The line according to claim 17, wherein said high tenacity polyolefin fibers are fibers of polietileno de alta tenacidad que estan presentes en una cantidad que oscila de aproximadamente 40 ahigh tenacity polyethylene that are present in an amount ranging from about 40 to aproximadamente 60 por ciento en peso y esas otras fibras de alta tenacidad que no son fibras de poliolefinaapproximately 60 percent by weight and those other high tenacity fibers that are not polyolefin fibers comprenden fibras de aramida que estan presentes en una cantidad que oscila de aproximadamente 60 athey comprise aramid fibers that are present in an amount ranging from about 60 to aproximadamente 40 por ciento en peso, basado en el peso total de fibras de alta tenacidad en dicho cabo.approximately 40 percent by weight, based on the total weight of high tenacity fibers in said cape. 19. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 18, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 55 por ciento a aproximadamente 85 por ciento en peso basado en el peso total de dicha composicion y en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta totalmente neutralizado.19. The line according to claim 18, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is present in an amount of about 55 percent to about 85 percent by weight based on the total weight of said composition and wherein said polyethylene of Low molecular weight is completely neutralized. 1010 55 1010 15fifteen 20twenty 2525 3030 20. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 1, que comprende una mezcla de fibras de poliolefina de alta tenacidad con otras fibras de alta tenacidad, comprendiendo esas otras fibras de alta tenacidad fibras de aramida y/o fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.20. The line according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of high tenacity polyolefin fibers with other high tenacity fibers, said other high tenacity fibers comprising aramid fibers and / or liquid crystal copolyester fibers. 21. El cabo segun la reivindicacion 20, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 55 por ciento a aproximadamente 85 por ciento en peso basado en el peso total de dicha composicion y en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta totalmente neutralizado.21. The line according to claim 20, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is present in an amount of about 55 percent to about 85 percent by weight based on the total weight of said composition and wherein said polyethylene of Low molecular weight is completely neutralized. 22. Un metodo para mejorar la vida frente a la fatiga de flexion dclica sobre poleas (FCSP) de un cabo, comprendiendo dicho metodo conformar dicho cabo de fibras de alta tenacidad y recubrir dicho cabo y/o dichas fibras conformando dicho cabo con una composicion, caracterizado por recubrir con una composicion que comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.22. A method for improving the life against fatigue of cyclic flexion on pulleys (FCSP) of one end, said method comprising forming said end of high tenacity fibers and coating said end and / or said fibers forming said end with a composition , characterized by coating with a composition comprising a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene. 23. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 22, en el que dichas fibras de alta tenacidad comprenden una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad con otras fibras de alta tenacidad, comprendiendo esas otras fibras de alta tenacidad fibras de aramida y/o fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.23. The method according to claim 22, wherein said high tenacity fibers comprise a mixture of high tenacity polyethylene fibers with other high tenacity fibers, those other high tenacity fibers comprising aramid fibers and / or copolyester fibers of liquid crystal. 24. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 23, que incluye recubrir dicho cabo con dicha composicion, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 55 por ciento a aproximadamente 85 por ciento en peso basado en el peso total de dicha composicion y en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta totalmente neutralizado.24. The method according to claim 23, which includes coating said embodiment with said composition, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is present in an amount of about 55 percent to about 85 percent by weight based on the total weight of said composition and wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is completely neutralized. 25. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 24, en el que dicha composicion presenta un contenido en solidos de al menos aproximadamente 25 % en peso.25. The method according to claim 24, wherein said composition has a solids content of at least about 25% by weight. 26. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 25, en el que dicha resina de silicona con funciones amino esta en forma de una emulsion con un pH de aproximadamente 9 a aproximadamente 11.26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said amino-functional silicone resin is in the form of an emulsion with a pH of about 9 to about 11. 27. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 23, que incluye recubrir dichas fibras con dicha composicion, en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 55 por ciento a aproximadamente 85 por ciento en peso basado en el peso total de dicha composicion y en el que dicho polietileno de bajo peso molecular esta totalmente neutralizado.27. The method according to claim 23, which includes coating said fibers with said composition, wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is present in an amount of about 55 percent to about 85 percent by weight based on the total weight of said composition and wherein said low molecular weight polyethylene is completely neutralized. 28. Uso de un cabo de fibra sintetica en un metodo de elevacion y colocacion de objetos pesados de, y sobre, un fondo marino, que comprende utilizar como dicho cabo un cabo que comprende fibras de alta tenacidad, estando recubierto dicho cabo y/o dichas fibras con una composicion, caracterizado por que la composicion comprende una resina de silicona con funciones amino y un polietileno de bajo peso molecular, neutralizado.28. Use of a synthetic fiber rope in a method of lifting and placing heavy objects of, and on, a seafloor, which comprises using as such a rope that comprises high tenacity fibers, said rope being coated and / or said fibers with a composition, characterized in that the composition comprises a silicone resin with amino functions and a low molecular weight, neutralized polyethylene. 29. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 28, en el que dicho cabo comprende una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y fibras de aramida.29. The method according to claim 28, wherein said embodiment comprises a mixture of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and aramid fibers. 30. El metodo segun la reivindicacion 28, en el que dicho cabo comprende una mezcla de fibras de polietileno de alta tenacidad y fibras de copoliester de cristal lfquido.30. The method according to claim 28, wherein said embodiment comprises a mixture of high tenacity polyethylene fibers and liquid crystal copolyester fibers.
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US11/361,180 US20070202328A1 (en) 2006-02-24 2006-02-24 High tenacity polyolefin ropes having improved cyclic bend over sheave performance
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US11/481,872 US20070202329A1 (en) 2006-02-24 2006-07-06 Ropes having improved cyclic bend over sheave performance
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