ES2395318B1 - PROCESSING AND REUSE OF TEXTILE EFFLUENTS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES. - Google Patents
PROCESSING AND REUSE OF TEXTILE EFFLUENTS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.Info
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- ES2395318B1 ES2395318B1 ES201131159A ES201131159A ES2395318B1 ES 2395318 B1 ES2395318 B1 ES 2395318B1 ES 201131159 A ES201131159 A ES 201131159A ES 201131159 A ES201131159 A ES 201131159A ES 2395318 B1 ES2395318 B1 ES 2395318B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010918 textile wastewater Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- JFBJUMZWZDHTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine chlorite Inorganic materials ClOCl=O JFBJUMZWZDHTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ozonation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/30—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the textile industry
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento de tratamiento y reutilización de efluentes textiles por técnicas electroquímicas, donde se recoge el baño residual de tintura en una célula electroquímica (1), y se llevan a cabo las siguientes etapas:#(a) tratamiento del baño residual en la célula electroquímica (1),#(b) irradiación con luz ultravioleta (7),#(c) reutilización del agua decolorada y del electrolito que ésta contiene en un nuevo proceso de tintura,#donde antes de la etapa (a) o después de la etapa (b) del procedimiento se realiza un ajuste a pH menor que 5, mediante adición de HCl o H{sub,2}SO{sub,4} en función del electrolito de tintura, mientras que entre la etapa (b) y la (c) del procedimiento, después del ajuste del pH, se realiza una etapa intermedia de reconstitución del baño de tintura para su reutilización posterior en un nuevo proceso de tintura.Procedure of treatment and reuse of textile effluents by electrochemical techniques, where the residual dye bath is collected in an electrochemical cell (1), and the following steps are carried out: # (a) treatment of the residual bath in the electrochemical cell ( 1), # (b) irradiation with ultraviolet light (7), # (c) reuse of discolored water and the electrolyte that it contains in a new dyeing process, # where before stage (a) or after the stage (b) of the procedure an adjustment is made to pH less than 5, by adding HCl or H {sub, 2} SO {sub, 4} depending on the tincture electrolyte, while between step (b) and the ( c) of the procedure, after the pH adjustment, an intermediate stage of reconstitution of the dye bath is carried out for later reuse in a new dyeing process.
Description
Procedimiento de tratamiento y reutilización de efluentes textiles por técnicas electroquímicas. Procedure of treatment and reuse of textile effluents by electrochemical techniques.
La presente invención trata de un procedimiento de tratamiento y reutilización de efluentes textiles por técnicas electroquímicas, donde en primer lugar se almacenan los efluentes en una célula electroquímica, y se produce la decoloración, se irradian preferentemente con luz ultravioleta, y a través de una reconstitución del baño residual se eliminan los compuestos oxidantes residuales, siendo finalmente reutilizada el agua tratada en un nuevo proceso de tintura. Se consigue de este modo ahorrar un 60-70% del agua y del electrolito de tintura, y alcanzar una intensidad de las tinturas igual a la obtenida con agua de red y superior a la obtenida por otros procedimientos existentes. The present invention deals with a process for treating and reusing textile effluents by electrochemical techniques, where the effluents are first stored in an electrochemical cell, and discoloration occurs, they are preferably irradiated with ultraviolet light, and through a reconstitution of the Residual bath waste oxidizing compounds are removed, the treated water being finally reused in a new dyeing process. In this way it is possible to save 60-70% of the water and the dye electrolyte, and to achieve an intensity of the dyes equal to that obtained with mains water and superior to that obtained by other existing procedures.
Las actuales demandas industriales de aguas naturales dan lugar a una escasez cada vez mayor de recursos hídricos, los cuales están cada vez más contaminados, lo que conlleva a la necesidad del control y disminución del consumo de agua. The current industrial demands of natural waters give rise to an increasing shortage of water resources, which are increasingly contaminated, which leads to the need for control and reduction of water consumption.
En el ámbito que nos ocupa, la industria textil es uno de los grandes consumidores de estos recursos hídricos, principalmente en tinturas, lavados y enjuagues. Además, tiene un gran consumo de sales, como cloruro sódico o sulfato sódico, que se emplean como electrolitos de tintura, lo cual causa problemas en los vertidos debido a su alta salinidad. Como consecuencia, muchas empresas se están planteando la posibilidad de reciclar el agua evacuada en los procesos de tintura, con elevado contenido de sales. Por ello resulta muy beneficioso reutilizar los efluentes de tintura que contienen estas sales en un nuevo proceso para disminuir tanto el consumo de reactivos como la contaminación de los vertidos. Sin embargo, estos efluentes se encuentran coloreados, por lo que deben someterse a un proceso de decoloración antes de utilizarse de nuevo en el proceso. Además, la mayoría de colorantes, aunque no son tóxicos, su presencia en el medio acuático impide que parte de la luz solar llegue al fondo del mismo, poniendo en peligro la subsistencia de especies animales y vegetales de la zona. E incluso provoca un desagradable efecto visual en los ríos. In the field that concerns us, the textile industry is one of the major consumers of these water resources, mainly in dyes, washes and rinses. In addition, it has a high consumption of salts, such as sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, which are used as dye electrolytes, which causes problems in spills due to its high salinity. As a consequence, many companies are considering the possibility of recycling the evacuated water in the dyeing processes, with high salt content. Therefore, it is very beneficial to reuse the dye effluents that contain these salts in a new process to reduce both the consumption of reagents and the contamination of spills. However, these effluents are colored, so they must undergo a fading process before being used again in the process. In addition, most dyes, although they are not toxic, their presence in the aquatic environment prevents part of the sunlight from reaching the bottom of it, jeopardizing the subsistence of animal and plant species in the area. And it even causes an unpleasant visual effect on the rivers.
Se conocen diferentes métodos de decoloración de las aguas residuales de tinturas, como floculacióncoagulación, adsorción con carbón activo, ozonización, tecnología de membrana, adsorbentes biológicos, etc. Uno de los procesos aplicados en los últimos años con grandes resultados es la decoloración electroquímica. El tratamiento se lleva a cabo en células electroquímicas y se basa en provocar reacciones químicas de oxidación y de reducción en la disolución a tratar hasta obtener su decoloración. Resulta mucho más ventajoso económicamente cuando los efluentes contienen cloruros, ya que las especies químicas obtenidas por oxidación del cloruro producen después una oxidación indirecta del colorante. Different methods of decolorization of dye wastewater are known, such as flocculation coagulation, adsorption with activated carbon, ozonation, membrane technology, biological adsorbents, etc. One of the processes applied in recent years with great results is electrochemical discoloration. The treatment is carried out in electrochemical cells and is based on causing chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction in the solution to be treated until its discoloration is obtained. It is much more economically advantageous when the effluents contain chlorides, since chemical species obtained by oxidation of the chloride then produce an indirect oxidation of the dye.
La patente US 3915820, por ejemplo, muestra un proceso de purificación de aguas residuales por electrolisis en dos etapas, una de electrolisis de las aguas residuales a un pH inferior a 7 por inmersión de un ánodo de hierro y cátodo de aluminio o cátodo base de aluminio en las aguas residuales para la purificación y la aplicación de un voltaje de CC a los electrodos, y una segunda etapa de electrolisis a un pH superior a 7 por inmersión de un ánodo de hierro y un cátodo de carbono en las aguas residuales. US 3915820, for example, shows a process of purification of wastewater by electrolysis in two stages, one of electrolysis of wastewater at a pH lower than 7 by immersion of an iron anode and aluminum cathode or cathode base of aluminum in the wastewater for the purification and application of a DC voltage to the electrodes, and a second electrolysis stage at a pH greater than 7 by immersion of an iron anode and a carbon cathode in the wastewater.
También se conoce la patente US 20030201159, que trata de un proceso para el tratamiento de aguas coloreadas, a través de electrolisis de una solución acuosa de un electrolito bajo radiación ultravioleta, para decolorarla con una baja cromaticidad. The US patent 20030201159 is also known, which deals with a process for the treatment of colored water, through electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an electrolyte under ultraviolet radiation, to discolor it with a low chromaticity.
La patente ES 2238933, del mismo titular que la presente solicitud, describe un proceso de tratamiento y reutilización de efluentes textiles mediante la decoloración por técnicas electroquímicas, la posterior irradiación opcional con luz ultravioleta y la reutilización del agua decolorada y del electrolito y otros auxiliares que ésta contiene en nuevos procesos de tintura. Este procedimiento, sin embargo, proporciona una intensidad baja de las tinturas, ya que debe añadirse del orden de un 20-50% de colorante adicional para obtener una intensidad similar a las tinturas con agua de red. Esto es debido a que el agua a reutilizar contiene determinados compuestos que deberían eliminarse antes de empezar un nuevo proceso. Patent ES 2238933, of the same holder as the present application, describes a process of treatment and reuse of textile effluents by decolorization by electrochemical techniques, the subsequent optional irradiation with ultraviolet light and the reuse of discolored water and electrolyte and other auxiliaries that It contains in new dyeing processes. This procedure, however, provides a low intensity of the dyes, since it should be added in the order of an additional 20-50% dye to obtain an intensity similar to the dyes with net water. This is because the water to be reused contains certain compounds that should be removed before starting a new process.
La invención que se propone resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta. Se trata de un procedimiento de tratamiento de tinturas y reutilización de efluentes textiles por técnicas electroquímicas, que comprende las etapas comunes al proceso anteriormente descrito y conocido en la patente ES 2238933, que consisten en: The proposed invention solves in a fully satisfactory manner the problems set forth above. It is a process of treatment of dyes and reuse of textile effluents by electrochemical techniques, comprising the steps common to the process described above and known in the patent ES 2238933, which consist of:
ES 2 395 318 A1 ES 2 395 318 A1
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- Decoloración de los efluentes empleando técnicas electroquímicas para destruir total o parcialmente los colorantes residuales que contienen. Discoloration of effluents using electrochemical techniques to totally or partially destroy the residual dyes they contain.
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- Almacenamiento en un depósito o tanque donde se irradian con luz ultravioleta para aumentar su velocidad de decoloración. Storage in a tank or tank where they are irradiated with ultraviolet light to increase their rate of discoloration.
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- Reutilización del agua decolorada y del electrolito que ésta contiene en un nuevo proceso de tintura. Reuse of discolored water and the electrolyte it contains in a new dyeing process.
Como se ha comentado, el proceso no consigue la intensidad de tinturas deseada, ya que no se han eliminado los compuestos residuales interferentes. Por tanto, en la invención que aquí se propone pretende introducir una etapa de recomposición del baño de tintura, en el que se determinan los oxidantes residuales, principalmente cloro e hipoclorito, para poderlos eliminar con un reactivo reductor antes de la tintura. As mentioned, the process does not achieve the desired intensity of dyes, since the interfering residual compounds have not been eliminated. Therefore, in the invention proposed here, it is intended to introduce a stage of recomposition of the dye bath, in which residual oxidants, mainly chlorine and hypochlorite, are determined so that they can be removed with a reducing reagent before dyeing.
En la etapa de decoloración de los efluentes, dicha decoloración se lleva a cabo mediante el empleo de una célula electrolítica en batch capaz de degradar los colorantes. Se fija la intensidad de la corriente eléctrica en función de los colorantes empleados en el proceso y de la materia orgánica que contenga el efluente, de forma que al finalizar esta etapa se aprecie a simple vista una elevada decoloración del agua residual. In the stage of decolorization of effluents, said discoloration is carried out by using a batch electrolytic cell capable of degrading the dyes. The intensity of the electric current is set according to the dyes used in the process and the organic matter contained in the effluent, so that at the end of this stage a high discoloration of the residual water can be seen with the naked eye.
Así, en la segunda etapa del procedimiento, se irradia con luz ultravioleta que actúa como catalizador para acelerar la decoloración de los efluentes parcialmente decolorados por el tratamiento electroquímico en el tanque o depósito, donde ha tenido lugar el tratamiento electroquímico. Aunque la decoloración puede llevarse a cabo únicamente con el tratamiento electroquímico, se ha comprobado que la aplicación de la luz ultravioleta aumenta en gran medida la decoloración y destruye los compuestos halogenados formados durante el tratamiento. Thus, in the second stage of the process, it is irradiated with ultraviolet light that acts as a catalyst to accelerate the discoloration of partially discolored effluents by electrochemical treatment in the tank or reservoir, where electrochemical treatment has taken place. Although the discoloration can be carried out only with electrochemical treatment, it has been found that the application of ultraviolet light greatly increases the discoloration and destroys the halogenated compounds formed during the treatment.
De este modo, estas dos etapas se encuentran unificadas en un mismo depósito, que forma parte de la célula electroquímica, y opera de forma discontinua, en batch. Thus, these two stages are unified in the same tank, which is part of the electrochemical cell, and operates discontinuously, in batch.
Antes de la reutilización del agua decolorada y del electrolito que ésta contiene, se va a realizar la etapa de reconstitución del baño de tintura, con el objeto de conseguir una intensidad de las tinturas similar obtenida en agua de red, así como eliminar los compuestos interferentes de dichas aguas residuales. Para ello se requiere la determinación de oxidantes residuales, como cloro e hipoclorito, siendo eliminados con un reactivo reductor adecuado antes de la posterior tintura. Before the reuse of the discolored water and the electrolyte that it contains, the dye bath reconstitution stage will be carried out, in order to achieve a similar intensity of the dyes obtained in mains water, as well as to eliminate the interfering compounds of said wastewater. This requires the determination of residual oxidants, such as chlorine and hypochlorite, being removed with a suitable reducing reagent before subsequent dyeing.
Para la reconstitución del baño se procede del siguiente modo: To reconstitute the bath, proceed as follows:
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- Se ajusta el pH adicionando HCl o H2SO4, según el electrolito de tintura que contenga el baño hasta llegar a un pH inferior a 5. The pH is adjusted by adding HCl or H2SO4, depending on the tincture electrolyte contained in the bath until it reaches a pH below 5.
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- Medición del cloro total disuelto y adición de reactivo reductor para eliminarlo. Measurement of total dissolved chlorine and addition of reducing reagent to remove it.
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- Determinación y valoración de la concentración de cloruros. Determination and assessment of the concentration of chlorides.
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- Se reajusta la cantidad de colorante, electrolito, álcali y agua perdida en el proceso de tintura, siguiendo el orden establecido en el método de tintura habitual. The amount of dye, electrolyte, alkali and water lost in the dyeing process is readjusted, following the order established in the usual dyeing method.
En el caso de que el efluente a reutilizar contenga Na2CO3 como álcali, la reconstitución del baño se llevará a cabo siguiendo uno de los dos métodos que se describen a continuación: In the event that the effluent to be reused contains Na2CO3 as alkali, the reconstitution of the bath will be carried out following one of the two methods described below:
- (a) (to)
- la etapa de reconstitución se dividirá en dos subetapas: la acidificación a pH inferior a 5 antes del tratamiento electroquímico, y la eliminación de compuestos oxidantes después del tratamiento electroquímico y después de aplicar la luz ultravioleta. The reconstitution stage will be divided into two sub-stages: acidification at pH below 5 before electrochemical treatment, and the removal of oxidizing compounds after electrochemical treatment and after applying ultraviolet light.
- (b) (b)
- La acidificación hasta pH 3 después del tratamiento electroquímico y la radiación ultravioleta, y eliminación del exceso de CO2 con una corriente de vapor o corriente de aire. Acidification to pH 3 after electrochemical treatment and ultraviolet radiation, and removal of excess CO2 with a vapor stream or air stream.
Una vez preparado de nuevo el baño, se procede a realizar una nueva tintura, es decir, la reutilización en las condiciones fijadas. Se reutiliza aproximadamente el 70% del agua limpia y el 60-70% de electrolito. El resto de elementos, álcali y colorantes, debe añadirse al 100%. Once the bath is prepared again, a new dye is carried out, that is, the reuse under the conditions set. Approximately 70% of clean water and 60-70% of electrolyte are reused. The rest of the elements, alkali and dyes, must be added 100%.
El sistema para llevar a cabo el proceso de decoloración comprende un depósito donde se almacena el baño residual de tintura y contiene los electrodos y demás accesorios necesarios para llevar a cabo las etapas posteriores. Es decir, la célula electroquímica es el propio depósito donde se lleva a cabo la decoloración. En este depósito o célula electroquímica, mediante la aplicación de corriente eléctrica, se lleva a cabo la decoloración del agua residual por degradación del colorante que contiene. Una vez finalizado el tratamiento electroquímico se irradia el agua con luz ultravioleta. El agua residual tratada, se ha de reconstituir según las etapas definidas anteriormente, antes de introducirse de nuevo en la máquina de tintura. Para la reconstitución, el sistema dispone de un pHmetro y un dosificador de ácido, para ajustar el pH, así como un electrodo selectivo de cloro total y un dosificador del reactivo reductor. The system for carrying out the bleaching process comprises a reservoir where the residual dye bath is stored and contains the electrodes and other accessories necessary to carry out the subsequent steps. That is, the electrochemical cell is the deposit itself where the discoloration is carried out. In this tank or electrochemical cell, by means of the application of electric current, the decolorization of the residual water is carried out by degradation of the dye it contains. Once the electrochemical treatment is finished, the water is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The treated wastewater must be reconstituted according to the steps defined above, before being introduced back into the dyeing machine. For reconstitution, the system has a pH meter and an acid doser, to adjust the pH, as well as a selective total chlorine electrode and a reductant reagent doser.
Para completar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de la realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un dibujo en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of the practical realization thereof, an drawing is attached as an integral part of said description, with Illustrative and non-limiting, the following has been represented:
La Figura 1.- muestra un esquema del procedimiento de la invención. Figure 1 shows a scheme of the process of the invention.
La presente invención describe un procedimiento de tratamiento y reutilización de efluentes textiles por técnicas electroquímicas. El baño residual de tintura procedente de la máquina de tintura (2), se recoge en una célula electroquímica (1), que comprende un depósito a la salida de la máquina de tintura con los electrodos (5), y se llevan a cabo las siguientes etapas: The present invention describes a process for treating and reusing textile effluents by electrochemical techniques. The residual dye bath from the dyeing machine (2), is collected in an electrochemical cell (1), which comprises a tank at the exit of the dyeing machine with the electrodes (5), and the following stages:
- --
- tratamiento del baño residual en la célula electroquímica (1) para eliminar los colorantes. Una fuente de alimentación (6) permitirá fijar la intensidad y el voltaje requeridos. Residual bath treatment in the electrochemical cell (1) to remove dyes. A power supply (6) will allow setting the intensity and voltage required.
- --
- Esta agua residual, una vez finalizado el tratamiento en la célula electroquímica (1) se irradia con luz ultravioleta (7), con el fin de aumentar su decoloración. La irradiación ultravioleta (7) consigue además destruir compuestos halogenados formados durante el tratamiento. This residual water, once the treatment in the electrochemical cell (1) is finished, is irradiated with ultraviolet light (7), in order to increase its discoloration. Ultraviolet irradiation (7) also manages to destroy halogenated compounds formed during treatment.
- --
- Reconstitución del baño de tintura. Antes de la reutilización del agua decolorada en el proceso de tintura, es imprescindible realizar una reconstitución del baño, que consiste en la eliminación de todo el cloro disuelto y otros oxidantes residuales, con el fin de conseguir una mayor intensidad en las tinturas, reponiendo finalmente la cantidad de colorante, electrolito, álcali y agua necesarios para realizar nuevamente el proceso de tintura. Para ello, dispone de un sistema de control (8) y los dosificadores (3, 4) correspondientes. Reconstitution of the dye bath. Before the reuse of the discolored water in the dyeing process, it is essential to carry out a reconstitution of the bath, which consists in the elimination of all dissolved chlorine and other residual oxidants, in order to achieve a greater intensity in the dyes, finally replenishing the amount of dye, electrolyte, alkali and water needed to perform the dyeing process again. For this, it has a control system (8) and the corresponding dispensers (3, 4).
- --
- Finalmente se lleva a cabo la reutilización del agua decolorada y del electrolito que ésta contiene en un nuevo proceso de tintura. Finally, the reuse of discolored water and the electrolyte that it contains in a new dyeing process is carried out.
En determinados casos, antes de la decoloración del baño residual en la célula electroquímica (1), se ha de realizar un ajuste de pH inferior a 5, mediante la adición de HCl o H2SO4. También podría realizarse este ajuste de pH después del tratamiento en la célula electroquímica (1) y la radiación ultravioleta (7). In certain cases, before the discoloration of the residual bath in the electrochemical cell (1), a pH adjustment of less than 5 must be made, by the addition of HCl or H2SO4. This pH adjustment could also be performed after treatment in the electrochemical cell (1) and ultraviolet radiation (7).
Para la reconstitución del baño de tintura, como se ha comentado, se determina el cloro total disuelto y se añade un reactivo reductor para su eliminación. Finalmente se agita mediante aireación así como se determina la concentración de cloruros, añadiendo finalmente la cantidad de colorante, electrolito, álcali y agua requeridos según método de tintura. Se reutiliza aproximadamente el 70% del agua limpia y el 60-70% de electrolito. El colorante y álcali iniciales se tienen que añadir al 100%. For the reconstitution of the dye bath, as mentioned, the total dissolved chlorine is determined and a reducing reagent is added for its elimination. Finally it is stirred by aeration as well as the concentration of chlorides is determined, finally adding the amount of dye, electrolyte, alkali and water required according to the dyeing method. Approximately 70% of clean water and 60-70% of electrolyte are reused. The initial dye and alkali must be added 100%.
Para llevar a cabo el procedimiento de tratamiento y reutilización de efluentes textiles por técnicas electroquímicas, el agua residual se almacena en el depósito que constituye la célula electroquímica (1). En esta célula electroquímica (1), mediante la aplicación de corriente eléctrica, se lleva a cabo la decoloración del agua residual por degradación del colorante que contiene. Una vez finalizado el tratamiento electroquímico el agua se irradia con luz ultravioleta (7). El agua residual tratada, se ha de reconstituir según las etapas definidas anteriormente, antes de introducirse de nuevo en una máquina de tintura (2). Para la reconstitución, el sistema dispone de un pHmetro, y un dosificador (3) de ácido, para ajustar el pH, así como un electrodo selectivo de cloro total y un dosificador (4) del reactivo reductor. To carry out the process of treatment and reuse of textile effluents by electrochemical techniques, the wastewater is stored in the tank that constitutes the electrochemical cell (1). In this electrochemical cell (1), by means of the application of electric current, the decolorization of the residual water is carried out by degradation of the dye it contains. Once the electrochemical treatment is finished, the water is irradiated with ultraviolet light (7). The treated wastewater must be reconstituted according to the steps defined above, before being re-introduced into a dyeing machine (2). For reconstitution, the system has a pH meter, and an acid meter (3), to adjust the pH, as well as a selective total chlorine electrode and a dispenser (4) of the reducing reagent.
En el caso de que el efluente a reutilizar contenga Na2CO3 como álcali la reconstitución del baño se llevará a cabo siguiendo uno de los dos métodos que se describen a continuación: In the event that the effluent to be reused contains Na2CO3 as alkali, reconstitution of the bath will be carried out following one of the two methods described below:
- (c) (C)
- La etapa de reconstitución se dividirá en dos subetapas: la acidificación a pH inferior a 5 antes del tratamiento electroquímico y la eliminación de compuestos oxidantes después del tratamiento electroquímico y después de aplicar la luz ultravioleta. The reconstitution stage will be divided into two sub-stages: acidification at pH below 5 before electrochemical treatment and the removal of oxidizing compounds after electrochemical treatment and after applying ultraviolet light.
- (d) (d)
- La acidificación hasta pH 3 después del tratamiento electroquímico y radiación ultravioleta, y eliminación del exceso de CO2 con una corriente de vapor o corriente de aire. Acidification to pH 3 after electrochemical treatment and ultraviolet radiation, and removal of excess CO2 with a vapor stream or air stream.
Claims (4)
- Categoría Category
- 56 Documentos citados Reivindicaciones afectadas 56 Documents cited Claims Affected
- Y Y
- ES 2238933 A1 (UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA) 01.09.2005, resumen; columna 3, línea 21 – columna 4, línea 37; reivindicaciones 1,2,5. 1-3 EN 2238933 A1 (UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA) 01.09.2005, summary; column 3, line 21 - column 4, line 37; claims 1,2,5. 1-3
- Y Y
- GUTIERREZ M.C. et al. Reciclado de aguas residuales textiles decoloradas con técnicas electroquímicas, Boletín Intexter (U.P.C.) 2001, nº 120, páginas 31-35, ver página 33, punto 3.2. 1-3 GUTIERREZ M.C. et al. Recycled bleached textile wastewater with electrochemical techniques, Intexter Bulletin (U.P.C.) 2001, No. 120, pages 31-35, see page 33, point 3.2. 1-3
- A TO
- LESHEM E. et al. Textile wastewater recycling by electrochemical oxidation, American Chemical Society, vol. 42, nº 2, páginas 496-500 (2002). 1-3 LESHEM E. et al. Textile wastewater recycling by electrochemical oxidation, American Chemical Society, vol. 42, No. 2, pages 496-500 (2002). 1-3
- Categoría de los documentos citados X: de particular relevancia Y: de particular relevancia combinado con otro/s de la misma categoría A: refleja el estado de la técnica O: referido a divulgación no escrita P: publicado entre la fecha de prioridad y la de presentación de la solicitud E: documento anterior, pero publicado después de la fecha de presentación de la solicitud Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application
- El presente informe ha sido realizado • para todas las reivindicaciones • para las reivindicaciones nº: This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:
- Fecha de realización del informe 27.09.2012 Date of realization of the report 27.09.2012
- Examinador M. Ojanguren Fernández Página 1/4 Examiner M. Ojanguren Fernández Page 1/4
- Novedad (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986) Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-3 SI NO Claims Claims 1-3 IF NOT
- Actividad inventiva (Art. 8.1 LP11/1986) Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-3 SI NO Claims Claims 1-3 IF NOT
- Documento Document
- Número Publicación o Identificación Fecha Publicación Publication or Identification Number publication date
- D01 D01
- ES 2238933 A1 (UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA) 01.09.2005 ES 2238933 A1 (UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA) 01.09.2005
- D02 D02
- GUTIERREZ M.C. et al. Reciclado de aguas residuales textiles decoloradas con técnicas electroquímicas, Boletín Intexter (U.P.C.) 2001, nº 120, páginas 31-35, ver página 33, punto 3.2. GUTIERREZ M.C. et al. Recycled bleached textile wastewater with electrochemical techniques, Intexter Bulletin (U.P.C.) 2001, No. 120, pages 31-35, see page 33, point 3.2.
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