EP4064318A1 - Electrical protection device - Google Patents
Electrical protection device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4064318A1 EP4064318A1 EP22164376.0A EP22164376A EP4064318A1 EP 4064318 A1 EP4064318 A1 EP 4064318A1 EP 22164376 A EP22164376 A EP 22164376A EP 4064318 A1 EP4064318 A1 EP 4064318A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- test
- control
- configuration
- switching
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
- H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
- H01H83/226—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with differential transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/1054—Means for avoiding unauthorised release
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
- H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/1072—Release mechanisms which are reset by opening movement of contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
- H01H71/505—Latching devices between operating and release mechanism
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical protection device.
- An electrical installation of a building generally comprises an electrical panel, connecting this electrical installation to a collective electricity distribution network and comprising various devices for the protection, control and monitoring of the electrical installation.
- a differential protection device is known in particular, which aims to protect a person vis-à-vis an electrical circuit of the installation, by opening the said electrical circuit when the device detects an electrical fault.
- the differential protection device measures a difference between the phase currents and the neutral currents of the circuit and triggers a switching mechanism to open the circuit, if this difference exceeds a predetermined threshold. Indeed, this difference can reflect a current leakage through the earth.
- the differential protection device generally comprises a handle for manually actuating the switching mechanism. Conversely, the joystick is moved by the switching mechanism when a differential fault is detected.
- the differential protection device is generally equipped with a test button, through which a user can voluntarily create a differential electrical fault to test the correct operation of the device.
- the test button activates an internal test circuit which voluntarily creates the electrical fault. It can be seen that the operation of the device is correct if the lever is brought back to the open position when the test button is pressed.
- the test button is usually placed away from the joystick, or in a direction opposite to the return direction of the joystick. Indeed, in the opposite case, the sudden return of the lever to the open position would cause the lever to hit the finger of the user pressing the test button. This therefore limits the possibilities of arranging the joystick and the test button on the device. In particular, placing the test button very close to the handle and/or in the return direction of the handle is excluded, whereas this could be advantageous, in particular for miniaturizing the device, for changing the internal organization of the mechanism switch, or free up space on the front, for example for labeling the protection device.
- the invention aims to solve the drawbacks of the prior art, by proposing a new electrical protection device offering more versatility for the arrangement of its switching and test commands, without the risk that these commands could strike the fingers of a user.
- the subject of the invention is an electrical protection device, comprising: a casing and a first conduction path, comprising a first movable contact, which is movable relative to the casing, between: a conduction position, in which the first movable contact electrically connects a first input terminal to a first output terminal, belonging to the first conduction path, and an isolation position, in which the first input terminal and the first output terminal are electrically isolated from one the other.
- the electrical protection device also includes a switch mechanism, which is configured to switch between: an armed configuration, in which the switch mechanism places the first movable contact in the conduction position, and a tripped configuration, in which the switch mechanism puts the first moving contact in the isolated position.
- the electrical protection device also comprises a switching control, which is operable by a user between: a closed position, to put the switching mechanism in the armed configuration, and an open position, to put the switching mechanism in the armed configuration triggered, the switching mechanism being configured to return the switching control to the open position when the switching mechanism is in the triggered configuration.
- the electrical protection device also includes a trip device, which is configured to switch the switching mechanism to a tripped configuration when the trip device is energized by an electrical fault of a predetermined type.
- the electrical protection device also includes a test system, which includes: a test circuit, which is configured to switch between: a test configuration, where the test circuit creates an electrical fault of the predetermined type, and an idle configuration , where the test circuit does not create an electrical fault, and a test command, which can be actuated by the user between: a rest position, to put the test circuit in the rest configuration, and a test position, to put the test circuit in the test configuration.
- a test system which includes: a test circuit, which is configured to switch between: a test configuration, where the test circuit creates an electrical fault of the predetermined type, and an idle configuration , where the test circuit does not create an electrical fault
- a test command which can be actuated by the user between: a rest position, to put the test circuit in the rest configuration, and a test position, to put the test circuit in the test configuration.
- the test system comprises a retaining mechanism, which is configured to: retain the switching control in a retaining position, when the test control is placed in the test position, the retaining position being intermediate between the closed position and the open position, and authorize the control of switching to be returned to the open position by the switching mechanism, when the test control is in the rest position.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide that, when a user carries out a test of the electrical protection device by moving the test control to the test position, the switching control passes from the closed position to the hold position without reaching the open position, rather than going directly from the closed position to the open position. Consequently, since the switching control has not traveled through its entire displacement travel, the risk of having struck the user's hand, still resting against the test control, is particularly reduced. However, once the test control returns to the rest position, indicating that the user's hand is removed from the test control, the switching control is brought back by the switching mechanism to the open position to signal the user that the electrical protection device is working properly. At this time, the user has less chance of being hit by the switch control, since his hand has moved away from the test control.
- the switch mechanism generally applies less effort than to move the switch control from the closed position to the open position. restraint. Indeed, one can for example provide that the switching control is brought back to the open position under the action of a spring, called “control spring”, belonging to the switching mechanism, the tension of which decreases gradually. as the switch control is moved from the closed position to the open position.
- control spring belonging to the switching mechanism, the tension of which decreases gradually.
- the possible impact of the switching control on the hand of the user is of reduced intensity. Thanks to the invention, it is therefore advantageously possible to provide any desired arrangement for the switching and test commands, even very close together, because the risk of inconvenience for the user is reduced. It is thus possible to obtain that the electrical protection device is very compact, at least as regards the test and switching commands.
- the retaining mechanism comprises a lever, the test control causing the lever to rotate relative to the housing around a tilting axis, between: a release position, when the test control is in the rest position, wherein the lever does not prevent the switching control from switching from the closed position to the open position; and a locking position, when the test control is in the test position, in which the switch control abuts against the lever when the switch control is biased towards the open position, to thereby be retained in the position restraint by the lever.
- the lever and the test control are pivotable relative to each other around a connecting axis, the connecting axis being fixed relative to the test control.
- the lever and the housing are slidable relative to each other along a sliding axis, which intersects the tilting axis and the connecting axis, the tilting axis being fixed relative to the housing .
- the test command is formed by a push button, sliding between the rest position and the test position relative to the housing along a first axis.
- the switching control is formed by a lever, which is pivotable with respect to the housing between the open position and the closed position, around a second axis, the first axis being orthoradial with respect to the second axis.
- the switch control comprises a crankpin, through which the user can actuate the switch control.
- the crank pin is closer to the test control than when the switch control is in the closed position.
- the switch control comprises a radial lug, through which the switch control is retained by the retaining mechanism when the test control is placed in the test position.
- the test system comprises a return spring, which applies a return force to the test control, tending to bring the test control back to the rest position, when the test control is in the test position.
- the electrical protection device comprises a second conduction path, comprising a second movable contact, which is movable relative to the housing, between: a conduction position, in which the second movable contact electrically connects a second input terminal to a second output terminal belonging to the second conduction path, and an isolation position, in which the second input terminal and the second output terminal are electrically isolated from each other.
- the switching mechanism places the second movable contact in the conduction position when the switching mechanism is in the armed configuration and places the second movable contact in the isolated position when the switching mechanism is in the tripped configuration.
- the test circuit comprises a switch, which is moved between: an open position, when the test control is in the rest position, and a closed position when the test control is in the test position.
- the test circuit includes a resistor, through which the first conduction path is electrically connected to the second conduction path, to create an electrical fault of the predetermined type when the switch is in the closed configuration.
- the return spring comprises a branch, which bears against the test control, to apply the return force to the test control, and which constitutes the switch of the test circuit by being moved by the control between the open position, when the test control is in the rest position, and the closed position, when the test control is in the test position.
- the trigger and the test circuit are configured so that the electrical fault of the predetermined type is a differential electrical fault, occurring between the first conduction path and the second conduction path.
- the figures 1 to 6 show an electrical protection device 1 according to an embodiment in accordance with the invention.
- the device 1 is configured to be integrated into a modular electrical panel, for an electrical installation, for example equipping a building.
- Device 1 of this example includes housing 2, conduction paths 3 and 4, switching control 5, triggers 6, 7 and 8, arcing chamber 9, switching mechanism 10 and test system 14 .
- case 2 is cut away to show its internal contents.
- the device 1 defines a direction of width X1, a direction of depth Y1 and a direction of height Z1, which are mutually perpendicular and fixed with respect to the box 2.
- the direction of height Z1 is directed vertically upwards.
- the housing 2 constitutes an essentially closed and electrically insulating envelope.
- the case 2 advantageously comprises a front 21 and a back 22, distributed along the direction Y1, with the front 21 in the direction Y1 with respect to the back 22.
- the case 2 advantageously comprises a lower end 23 and an upper end 24 distributed along the direction Z1, with the upper end 24 in the direction Z1 relative to the lower end 23.
- the box advantageously comprises a right side 28 and a left side 29, preferably flat and parallel, distributed along the direction X1, with left 29 in the direction X1 with respect to the right side 28.
- the front 21 and the back 22, as well as the left and right sides connect the end 23 to the end 24 in the direction Z1.
- the front 21 and the back 22 each connect the right side to the left side, in the direction X1.
- Each side connects the back 22 to the front 21, in the direction Y1.
- the housing 2 comprises an internal partition 25 visible on the figures 2 to 6 , which extends parallel to the directions Y1 and Z1 and separates an internal volume of the housing 2 into a right compartment 26, visible on the figure 2 , 4 and 6 , and in a left compartment 27, visible on the figure 3 and 5 .
- the compartments on the right 26 and on the left 27 are distributed along the direction X1.
- the right compartment 26 is delimited by the partition 25 and the right side 28 in the direction X1, by the ends 23 and 24 in the direction Z1, and by the front 21 and the back 22 in the direction Y1.
- the left compartment 27 is delimited by the partition 25 and the left side 29 in the direction X1, by the ends 23 and 24 in the direction Z1, and by the front 21 and the back 22 in the direction Y1.
- the device 1 is advantageously designed to be fixed on a rail belonging to the electrical panel.
- the device 1 advantageously comprises, on the back 22, any suitable fastening means, such as a snap-fit clamp, by means of which the device 1 can be fixedly attached to said rail.
- the direction X1 is parallel to the rail.
- the same rail can thus support several protective devices of the same type as device 1, arranged side by side adjacently along the rail, right side against left side, parallel to the direction X1.
- Device 1 is preferably bipolar, in that it comprises two conduction paths 3 and 4.
- Path 3 has an input terminal 31, an output terminal 32, a movable contact 33 and a fixed contact 34, visible on the figure 2 , 4 and 6 .
- Path 4 comprises an input terminal 41, an output terminal 42, a movable contact 43 and a fixed contact 44, visible on the figure 3 and 5 .
- the input terminals 31 and 41, as well as the output terminals 32 and 42, are screw terminals.
- the input terminals and/or the output terminals are automatic terminals, also called plug-in terminals, or quick connector terminals.
- each conduction path is electrically isolated from the other conduction paths.
- each conduction path is preferably placed entirely in one of the respective compartments of the housing.
- the path 3 is placed in the compartment 26 and the path 4 is placed in the compartment 27.
- the internal partition 25 is interposed between the paths 3 and 4, so as to guarantee that they are electrically isolated from one another. 'other.
- the input terminals 31 and 41 are preferably arranged at the upper end 24, so as to be able to be electrically connected to respective supply means belonging to the electrical panel.
- terminal 31 is connected to a first supply comb belonging to the electrical panel, while the input terminal 41 is connected to a second supply comb belonging to the electrical panel.
- Each conduction path constitutes a separate pole of device 1.
- path 3 constitutes a phase pole, while path 4 constitutes a neutral pole.
- each conduction path is designed to be brought to a distinct potential.
- the device 1 is designed to be used at low voltage, that is to say a voltage between 100V (Volts) and 600V, for example a voltage of 230V.
- the output terminals 32 and 42 are preferably arranged at the lower end 23, so as to be able to be electrically connected to an electrical circuit supplying receiving loads, for example, in the case of a building, household appliances or 'lighting. These electrical loads are then supplied with the electrical energy supplied to the input terminals 31 and 41, through the device 1.
- Fixed contact 34 is fixed relative to housing 2, and is electrically connected to input terminal 31.
- Movable contact 33 is electrically connected to output terminal 32.
- Fixed contact 34 is disposed in direction Z1 relative to to the movable contact 33.
- the movable contact 33 preferably comprises a conductive end 35, in broken lines on the picture 2 , providing the electrical contact function, and which is electrically connected to terminal 32.
- Contact 33 also comprises a contact carrier 36, which carries end 35.
- Movable contact 33 is pivotable, relative to housing 2, by through the contact carrier 36, around an axis X33, parallel to the direction X1. This pivoting is performed between a conduction position, shown on the figure 2 , and an isolated position, shown on the figure 4 .
- the contact 33 is in an intermediate position between the contact and isolation positions.
- the conductive end 35 is in electrical contact with the fixed contact 34, which electrically connects the input terminal 31 to the output terminal 32.
- the isolation position the conductive end 35 of the movable contact 33 is moved away from the fixed contact 34, so as to be electrically isolated from it, which breaks the electrical connection between the terminals 31 and 32, so that the terminals 31 and 32 are electrically isolated from one of the other.
- Fixed contact 44 is fixed relative to housing 2, and is electrically connected to input terminal 41.
- Movable contact 43 is electrically connected to output terminal 42.
- Fixed contact 44 is disposed in direction Z1 relative to to the movable contact 43.
- the movable contact 43 preferably comprises a conductive end 45, providing the electrical contact function, and which is electrically connected to terminal 42.
- Contact 43 also comprises a contact carrier 46, which carries end 45.
- Movable contact 43 is pivotable, relative to housing 2, via contact carrier 36 , around the axis X33, that is to say around the same axis as that of the contact 33.
- the pivoting of the contact 43 is carried out between a conduction position, shown on the picture 3 , and an isolated position, shown on the figure 5 .
- Contacts 33 and 43 are advantageously independently pivotable with respect to the housing. When they move from their respective isolation position to their respective conduction position, the contacts 33 and 43 advantageously rotate in the same direction. In particular, the contact ends 35 and 45 are then moved away from the direction Z1.
- the pivoting of the contact 43 could take place around an axis distinct from the axis X33, preferably parallel to the axis X33.
- the conductive end 45 is in electrical contact with the fixed contact 44, which electrically connects the input terminal 41 to the output terminal 42.
- the isolation position the conductive end 45 of the movable contact 43 is moved away from the fixed contact 44, so as to be electrically isolated from it, which breaks the electrical connection between the terminals 41 and 42, so that the terminals 41 and 42 are electrically isolated from one of the other.
- the interrupting chamber 9 is represented complete on the figure 2 , and open to the figure 4 to reveal its contents.
- the interrupting chamber 9 aims to confer a breaking capacity on the device 1, by dissipating any electric arc which could occur when the contact 33 passes from the conducting position to the insulating position.
- arcing chamber 9 is arranged in compartment 26, between fixed contact 34 and input terminal 31, along back 22 of casing 2.
- the interrupting chamber 9 comprises for example a stack of metal plates 91, sometimes called fins or separators, superimposed at a distance from one another, here in the direction Y1.
- the chamber 9 advantageously comprises insulating cheeks, between which the plates 91 are arranged.
- the plates 91 are for example held between the partition 25 and the right side 28 of the casing 2.
- the interrupting chamber 9 advantageously comprises an arcing horn 92 and a switching horn 93, visible on the figure 4 .
- Horn 92 is electrically connected to path 3, by extending fixed contact 34.
- Horn 93 is electrically connected to path 3, between movable contact 33 and output terminal 32.
- Horn 92 is preferably curved towards the inside of the interrupting chamber 9, that is to say towards the plates 91, and is arranged opposite the horn 93.
- any electric arc is conducted up to 'to the plates 91 via the horns 92 and 93, to be divided and extinguished within the chamber 9.
- the input terminal 31 is interposed between the chamber 9 and the upper end 24.
- the trigger 6, visible on the figure 2 , 4 and 6 is configured to be excited by an electrical fault of a predetermined type, namely an electrical fault of the short-circuit type, which is liable to occur between the conduction paths 3 and 4, or between the path 3 and the ground .
- the trigger 6 is therefore in particular excited by a short-circuit which would occur downstream of the output terminals 32 and 42, on the electrical circuit supplied through the device 1, or on one of its loads. In particular, it may be a phase-neutral or phase-earth short-circuit.
- the trigger 6 is arranged, essentially, in the compartment 26, and connected in series on the conduction path 3. Along the direction Z1, the trigger 6 is arranged between the terminal 31 and the fixed contact 34. Next the direction Y1, the trigger 6 is arranged between the interrupting chamber 9 and the front 21.
- the trigger 6 is in the form of a magnetic actuator, which here comprises an electromagnetic winding 61 and a mobile core 62.
- the core 62 is visible only on the figure 6 .
- the input terminal 31 is electrically connected to the fixed contact 34 via the trigger 6, in particular the electromagnetic winding 61.
- the intensity of the current flowing in the winding 61 suddenly becomes very high, so as to generate an electromagnetic force sufficient to move the mobile core 62 from a rest position, shown on the figure 2 and 4 , to a triggered position, shown on the figure 6 , with respect to the housing 2.
- the displacement of the core 62 from the rest position to the triggered position is carried out in a direction opposite to the direction Z1. Once the fault ceases, the current flowing in the winding 61 is no longer high enough to maintain the core 62 in the tripped position, so that the core 62 is advantageously returned to the rest position, for example by a spring belonging to the trigger 6, not shown.
- the trigger 7 is configured to be excited by an electrical fault of another predetermined type, namely an electrical fault of the overload type, which is liable to occur between the conduction paths 3 and 4.
- the trigger 7 is therefore in particular excited by an overload which would occur downstream of the output terminals 32 and 42, on the electrical circuit supplied through the device 1, or on one of its loads. This type of fault can occur when one or more loads connected to this electrical circuit impose an excessive current demand.
- trigger 7 is entirely placed in compartment 26 and connected in series on conduction path 3.
- trigger 6 is placed between terminal 32 and moving contact 33.
- the trigger 7 is in the form of a thermal actuator, which is here formed by an electrically conductive and heat-deformable bimetallic strip.
- the movable contact 33 is electrically connected to the output terminal 32 via the trigger 7, that is to say here via the bimetallic strip.
- a flexible braid 37 electrically connects the movable contact 33 to the trip device 7.
- the trigger 8 is configured to be excited by an electrical fault of another predetermined type, namely an electrical fault of the differential type, which is liable to occur between the conduction paths 3 and 4.
- the trigger 8 is therefore in particular excited by a current leakage to earth, which would occur downstream of the output terminals 32 and 42, then causing a difference between the value of the intensity of the current circulating within path 3 and the value of the intensity of the current traveling in the opposite direction within path 4.
- the trigger 8 extends both in the compartments 26 and 27, crossing the partition 25.
- the trigger 8 is advantageously arranged between on the one hand, the output terminals 32 and 42, and on the other hand, the contacts 33, 34, 43 and 44.
- the trigger 8 comprises a differential sensor 81, which extends both in the compartments 26 and 27, being arranged along the back 22 of the box 2.
- the trigger 8 also comprises a relay 82, which extends only in the compartment 27, being disposed between the front 21 and the differential sensor 81.
- the differential sensor 81 comprises for example a ferromagnetic core, carrying two windings electromagnetic winding, one formed by path 3 and the other formed by path 4.
- the electromagnetic winding of path 3 is advantageously formed by a part of path 3 which connects movable contact 33 to terminal 32, more precisely by part of the path 3 between the trigger 7 and the output terminal 32.
- the electromagnetic winding of the path 4 is advantageously formed by a part of the path 4 between the movable contact 43 and the output terminal 42.
- the contact 43 and the electromagnetic winding of path 4 within sensor 81 are electrically connected using a braid, not shown.
- the relay 82 is configured to be actuated when this threshold is exceeded, which has the effect of actuating the movement of a movable rod 83 belonging to the relay 82, from a position of rest, shown on the figure 1 and 6 , to a release position, relative to the housing 2.
- the movement of the movable rod 83 from the rest position to the released position is performed in the direction Z1.
- the movable rod 83 Once the movable rod 83 has reached the tripped position, it should be brought back to the rest position to reset the relay 82 and thus again allow the relay 82 to actuate the rod 83 in the event of a differential fault, as explained below.
- the electrical diagram of the figure 9 summarizes, from an electrical point of view, the distribution and connections of the various components mentioned above.
- Switch mechanism 10 is housed in housing 2, partly in compartment 26 and partly in compartment 27. Switch mechanism 10 is configured to switch between an armed configuration, shown in the figure 2 and 3 , in which the mechanism 10 puts the two contacts 33 and 43 in the conduction position, and a triggered configuration, shown on the figure 4 and 5 , wherein the switching mechanism 10 places the contacts 33 and 43 in the isolated position.
- the switching mechanism 10 comprises a bracket 101, visible on the figures 2 to 6 .
- the stirrup 101 is pivotable relative to the housing 2 around an axis X101.
- the stirrup extends both in the compartments 26 and 27, being carried by the partition 25, straddling the latter.
- the stirrup 101 is in a first orientation called “armed position” with respect to the housing 2, around the axis X101.
- the yoke 101 is in a second orientation called the “triggered position”, around the axis X101.
- Mechanism 10 actuates movable contacts 33 and 43 via yoke 101.
- the stirrup 101 comprises for example a cam 102, arranged in the compartment 26, via which the stirrup 101 drives the movable contact 33 from the conduction position to the isolation position, when the bracket 101 is pivoted from the armed position to the triggered position.
- the cam 102 bears against the contact carrier 36.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a spring 103, called “contact spring”, which is arranged in the compartment 26 while being in support both on the stirrup 101 and on the contact 33, more precisely the contact carrier 36.
- the stirrup 101 drives the contact 33 from the isolation position to the conduction position by the intermediary of the spring 103. Provision is made for the spring 103 to apply a force to the contact 33, by resting on the stirrup 101, which tends to bring the movable contact 33 to bear against the fixed contact 34, when the stirrup 101 is in the cocked position.
- the stirrup 101 comprises for example a cam 104, arranged in the compartment 27, via which the stirrup 101 drives the movable contact 43 from the conduction position to the isolation position, when the bracket 101 is pivoted from the armed position to the triggered position.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a spring 105, called “contact spring”, which is arranged in the compartment 27 while being in support both on the stirrup 101 and on the contact 43, more precisely the contact carrier 46.
- the stirrup 101 drives the contact 43 from the isolation position to the conduction position via the spring 105. Provision is made for the spring 105 to apply a force to the contact 43, resting on the stirrup 101, which tends to put in supports the movable contact 43 against the fixed contact 44, when the stirrup 101 is in the armed position.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a spring 109, called the "caliper spring", visible on the figure 3 and 5 .
- the spring 109 is here arranged in the compartment 27.
- the spring 109 applies a force to the stirrup 101, resting on the housing 2, which tends to move the stirrup 101 from the armed position to the triggered position.
- the spring 109 is a torsion spring, mounted on the partition 25 and one branch of which bears on the stirrup 101 while the other branch bears on the partition 25.
- the switching control 5 is here in the form of a handle, which is pivotable relative to the housing 2, around an axis X5, between a closed position, shown on the figure 2 and 3 , and an open position, shown on the figure 4 and 5 .
- the axis X5 is preferably parallel to the direction X1, that is to say in particular to the axis X33.
- Control 5 here comprises a base 51, via which control 5 is attached to housing 2 in a pivoting manner.
- the base 51 is arranged through an opening belonging to the facade 21, closing this opening.
- the base 51 advantageously extends on either side of the partition 25.
- the control 5 is advantageously centered along the direction X1, on the facade 21.
- the control 5 comprises a crankpin 52, carried by the base 51, and through which a user can actuate the control 5 in rotation. To be accessible by the user, the crankpin 52 is arranged outside the housing 2.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a spring 107, called “control spring”, visible on the figure 3 and 5 .
- the spring 107 applies a force to the control 5 by bearing on the housing, which tends to bring the control 5 from the closed position to the open position.
- spring 107 is a torsion spring, housed inside base 51 around axis X5, one branch of which rests on control 5 and another branch rests on partition 25.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a connecting rod 108, visible on the figure 3 and 5 .
- the connecting rod 108 is for example arranged in the compartment 27.
- the connecting rod 108 comprises an end 110 attached to the control 5, in particular to the base 51. Via this end 110, the connecting rod 108 can pivot relative to the control 5, around an axis which is parallel and not coincident with the axis X5. Thus, the rotation of the control 5 is linked to a crank movement of the end 110.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a latch 112, visible on the figures 2 to 6 . At least a part of the latch 112 is arranged in the same compartment as that of the connecting rod 108, to cooperate with the latter, here the compartment 27. At least a part of the latch 112 extends into the compartment or compartments where the triggers 6, 7 and 8, to cooperate mechanically with the latter.
- the latch 112 is advantageously carried by the stirrup 101.
- the latch 112 evolves between a locking configuration, shown on the figures 2 to 5 , and an unlock configuration, shown on the figure 6 .
- each trigger 6, 7 and 8 is configured to switch the latch 112 from the locking configuration to the unlocking configuration, directly or indirectly, when said trigger 6, 7 or 8 concerned detects a fault. electric, of the type predetermined for this release.
- the latch 112 comprises a latch 114 and a hook 115 which cooperate together.
- hook 115 extends into both compartments 26 and 27, so as to be visible on the figures 2 to 6 .
- the hook 115 is carried by the stirrup 101, being pivotable with respect to the stirrup 101 around an axis X115, called “hook axis”, here parallel and not coincident with the axis X101. This pivoting is performed when the latch 112 moves between the locking and unlocking configurations.
- the lock 114 extends into the compartment 27, so as to be visible on the figure 3 and 5 .
- the lock 114 is carried by the stirrup 101, being pivotable with respect to the stirrup 101 around an axis X114, called “lock axis”, here parallel and not coincident with the axis X115. This pivoting is operated in the opposite direction to that of the hook 115, when the latch 112 moves between the locking and unlocking configurations.
- the hook 115 is in a so-called “holding orientation”, where the hook 115 keeps the lock 114 in a so-called “capturing orientation”.
- the hook 115 comprises for example a radial arm 116, against which the lock 114 comes into rotational abutment.
- the hook 115 is in a so-called “unhooking orientation”, where the hook 115 allows the lock 114 to be pivoted relative to the stirrup 101.
- the hook 115 pivots clockwise to pass from the holding orientation to the unhooking orientation.
- the lock 114 is in capture orientation, it allows the hook 115 to be moved from the unhooking orientation to the holding orientation, the lock 114 then being held in the capture orientation by the hook 115, when the hook 115 is in maintenance orientation.
- the mechanism 10 advantageously comprises a spring 113, called the "latch spring", visible on the figure 2 , 4 and 6 .
- the spring 113 is provided in the compartment 26.
- the spring 113 applies a force to the latch 112, resting on the bracket 101, which tends to bring the latch 112 from the unlocking configuration to the locking configuration.
- spring 113 is a torsion spring, one branch of which bears on hook 115 and another branch of which bears on stirrup 101, so that spring 113 actuates latch 112 via the hook 115.
- the spring 113 tends to bring the hook 115 back from the unhooking orientation to the holding orientation.
- the link 108 comprises another end 111, through which the link 108 is captured by the latch 112, in particular by the lock 114, when the latch 112 is in the configuration of locking, here when the lock 114 is in the capture orientation. Then, via the latch 112, the end 111 is attached to the stirrup 101 while being pivotable with respect to said stirrup 101. In the locking configuration of the latch 112, the position of the control 5 is subject to the position of the stirrup 101, and therefore to the position of the contacts 33 and 43, via the connecting rod 108 and the latch 112.
- the stirrup 101 when the control 5 is put in the closed position by a user, the stirrup 101 is placed in the armed position, via the link 108, the end 111 of which is captured by the latch 112 to drive the stirrup 101.
- the stirrup 101 being placed in the armed position, it puts the contacts 33 and 43 in the conduction position, via the contact springs 103 and 105.
- the stirrup 101 In the locking configuration of the latch 112, when the control 5 is placed in the open position by a user, the stirrup 101 is placed in the triggered position , via the connecting rod 108 and the spring 109, the end 111 of the connecting rod 108 being captured by the latch 112 to drive the stirrup 101.
- the stirrup 101 being placed in the released position, it puts the contacts 33 and 43 in the isolated position, via cams 102 and 104.
- the stirrup 101 When the latch 112 is in the locking configuration, the stirrup 101 is in the armed position and the control 5 is in the closed position, the stirrup 101 and the control 5 hold each other in position, counter to the spring 107, tending to move the stirrup 101 towards the triggered position, and of the spring 109, tending to move the control 5 towards the open position.
- the connecting rod 108 is in the locking orientation when the end 110 is positioned in a direction opposite to the direction Y1 with respect to a straight line, parallel to the directions Y1 and Z1 and crossing the axis X5 and the end 111
- the end 110 is moved so as to approach said line.
- the connecting rod 108 is no longer in the locking orientation, so that the maintenance in mutual position between the stirrup 101 and the control 5 is no longer ensured.
- stirrup 101 is moved to the triggered position and the control 5 is brought back to the open position.
- the stirrup 101 is in the released position and the control 5 is in the open position, they are held in these positions by the springs 107 and 109.
- the control 5 places the mechanism 10 in the armed configuration.
- the latch 112 is in the locking configuration and the control 5 is in the open position, the control 5 puts the mechanism 10 in the triggered configuration.
- each trigger 6, 7 and 8 is individually configured to trigger a setting triggered configuration of the mechanism 10, while the mechanism 10 was in the armed configuration, when said trigger 6, 7 or 8 is excited by the electrical fault of the type predetermined for this trigger 6, 7 or 8. This results in the contacts 33 and 43 being placed in the isolated position by the mechanism 10, when the electrical fault occurs.
- each trigger 6, 7 and 8 is designed to trigger a tilting of the latch 112 from the locking configuration to the unlocking configuration.
- the latch 112 When the latch 112 is in the unlocking configuration while the stirrup 101 is in the armed position and the control 5 is in the closed position, the end 111 of the connecting rod 108 is released from the stirrup 101. At the very least , in this situation, the latch 112 allows the end 111 to move relative to the yoke 101 in a plane parallel to the directions Y1 and Z1. Here, the end 111 is allowed to move along a predetermined linear path, for example in the form of an arc of a circle, with respect to the stirrup 101, by circulating for example along a groove 117 formed by the bracket 101.
- the displacement of the end 111 along the path is accompanied by a pivoting of the lock 114 out of the capture position, the lock 114 taking an orientation corresponding to the current position of the end 111 relative to the stirrup 101.
- the connecting rod 108 no longer operates a mutual maintenance in position of the stirrup 101 and the control 5.
- the control 5 is returned to the open position under the action of spring 107 and stirrup 101 is returned to the tripped position under the action of spring 109, stirrup 101 then driving contacts 33 and 43 towards the isolated position.
- the device 1 is designed so that, when the stirrup 101 has reached the triggered position and the control 5 has reached the open position, the connecting rod 108 assumes a position where the lock 114 is put in the capture position by the end 111. Then, the hook 115 is returned to the holding position by the spring 113, so that the latch 112 automatically resumes the locking configuration.
- mechanism 10 in particular spring 107, to return control 5 to the open position when mechanism 10 is placed in the triggered configuration, whether by action of the user on control 5 itself, or under the action of a trigger operated by one of the triggers 6, 7 or 8.
- the trigger 6 actuates, for example, a rocker 118 belonging to the mechanism 10, the rocker 118 driving the hook 115 to the stall position.
- rocker 118 is attached to housing 2, for example to partition 25, being pivotable with respect to the housing 2 around an axis parallel to the axis X115, between an initial position shown on the figure 2 and 4 , and a rocking position shown on the figure 6 .
- the trigger 6 drives the rocker 118 from the initial position to the rocking position by moving the movable core 62, which bears against one end of the rocker 118, here in a direction opposite to the direction Z1.
- the rocker 118 has another end, which bears against a leg 119 belonging to the hook 115, in the direction Z1, so that the hook 115 pivots to the unhooking orientation under the action of the pivoting of the rocker up to the rocking position, against the force of the spring 113.
- the core 62 prefferably, provision is also made for the core 62 to also actuate the contact 33, by driving it directly from the conduction position to the isolation position, the core 62 coming to rest against the said contact 33.
- the core 62 returns to its initial position, and allows the flip-flop 118 to be returned to the initial position. Under the action of spring 113, rocker 118 is then returned to the initial position via hook 115, while hook 115 is itself returned to the holding orientation by spring 113.
- the trigger 7 also actuates the rocker 118 from the initial position to the rocker position, here by means of a rod 120, belonging to mechanism 10.
- the trigger 8 actuates for example a mechanical force amplifier 121, which is visible on the figure 3 and 5 , via the movable rod 83.
- the amplifier 121 comprises for example a drawer 122, a latch 123, a spring 124, a spring 125 and a reset stand 127.
- the drawer 122 slides relative to the housing 2 between a cocked position, where the drawer 122 allows the latch 112 to be in the locking configuration, and a released position, where the drawer 122 puts the latch 112 in the unlocking configuration.
- the drawer 122 for example bears against a leg 126 belonging to the hook 115, when the drawer 122 is moved from the armed position to the released position, which drives the hook 115 from the hold orientation to stall orientation.
- Spring 124 applies a force to slide 122, which tends to move slide 122 from the cocked position to the tripped position.
- contact 43 passes from the conduction position to the isolation position, the contact 43 brings the drawer 122 back to the armed position, against the force of the spring 124, coming to rest against the drawer 122.
- the latch 123 is carried by the housing 2.
- the latch 123 is pivotable with respect to the housing 2, between a locking orientation, shown on the figure 3 and 5 , to maintain the drawer 122 in the armed position against the action of the spring 124, and an unlocking position, where the lock 123 allows the drawer 122 to be moved from the armed position to the position triggered by the spring 124, and to be brought back from the triggered position to the armed position by the contact 43.
- the pivoting of the lock 123 takes place around an axis which is preferably parallel to the axis X101.
- the spring 125 exerts a force on the lock 123, bearing on the housing 2, in particular on the partition 25. This force tends to bring the lock 123 from the unlocked position to the locked position.
- the drawer 122 when it is in the triggered position, maintains the lock 123 in the unlocking orientation against the force of the spring 125.
- the drawer 122 when it returns to the armed position, allows the lock 123 to be returned to its position. locking by the spring 125.
- the reset stand 127 is attached to the casing 2, in particular to the partition 25.
- the movable rod 83 is moved, here in the direction Z1.
- the reset strut 127 is pivoted between a first position, shown on the figure 3 and 5 , and a second position. This pivoting takes place around an axis which is preferably parallel to the axis X101.
- the stand 127 drives the lock 123 from its locking position to the unlocking position, against the action of the spring 125.
- the lock 123 being in the unlocking position, the drawer 122 is authorized to be moved from the armed position to the triggered position, under the action of the spring 124.
- the drawer 122 switches the latch 112 from the locking configuration to the unlocking configuration.
- the stirrup 101 switches the contacts 33 and 43 from the conduction position to the isolation position, by itself switching from the armed position to the triggered position.
- the contact 43 bears against the drawer 122 so as to bring the drawer 122 back to the armed position, against the action of the spring 124.
- the drawer 122 causes the crutch 127 to the first position. Therefore, the rod 83 is brought back by the stand 127 to its initial position, so that the trigger 8 is reset.
- the slide 122 allows the lock 123 to be returned to the locking position by the spring 125.
- the amplifier 121 and the trigger 8 have returned to their original configuration, to allow new tripping if a new fault occurs.
- the stirrup 101 is in the tripped position, the contacts 33 and 43 are in the isolated position and the control 5 is in the open position.
- the mechanism 10 described here and its mode of triggering by the triggers 6, 7 and 8 is given solely by way of illustrative example.
- the test system 14 aims to test the trigger 8.
- the test system 14 comprises a test circuit 141, a test control 142, a return spring 144.
- the test command 142 is advantageously carried by the facade 21, so as to be operable by the user to test the trigger 8.
- the command 142 is in the form of a push button which crosses the facade 21, in being sliding relative to the housing 2 along an axis Y142, here parallel to the direction Y1, between a rest position, shown on the figures 1 to 6 and 8 , and a test position, shown on the figure 7 .
- the axis Y142 is therefore orthoradial with respect to the joystick axis X5, that is to say perpendicular to a ray issuing from the joystick axis X5.
- the rest position is in the direction of the Y1 direction with respect to the test position, so that the user must press the control 142 to move it to the test position, and release the control 142 to allow it to return to the rest position.
- the control 142 comprises an actuation end 143, which is exterior, on the front 21, so as to be visible on the figure 1 . It is through this end 143 that the user can actuate the test control 142.
- the crankpin 52 is brought closer to the end 143 of the control 142.
- the crankpin 52 is closer to the control 142, as shown on the figure 4 , 5 and 8 , only in the closed position, as shown in the figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 6 .
- the box 2 comprises a labeling wall 19, belonging to the facade 21, of a substantial surface area and disposed adjacent to the control 5 in the direction Z1.
- this labeling wall 19 any inscription and technical symbol can be indicated to identify and characterize the operation of the device 1, for the attention of the user.
- the control 142 also comprises an internal end 145, which is arranged inside the casing 2, beyond the front 21.
- the actuating end 143 is arranged in the direction Y1 relative to the inner end 145.
- the ends 143 and 145 are preferably aligned along the axis Y142.
- the spring 144 is arranged inside the housing 2, for example in the compartment 26.
- the spring 144 is supported on the contact 33, in particular by the contact carrier 36.
- the return spring 144 applies a return force F144 to the control 142, pressing against said contact 33, via the contact carrier 36 and pressing against the control 142, here against a stop formed by the inner end 145 Effort F144 tends to bring control 142 back from the test position to the rest position.
- the user actuates the control 142 towards the test position, it counters the force F144.
- the user releases control 142 it is force F144 which brings control 142 back to the rest position.
- the spring 144 is a torsion spring, which comprises a branch 151, via which the spring 144 bears on the contact 33.
- branch 151 On the figure 7 and 8 , part of branch 151 is shown in broken lines.
- the branch 151 On this part of the branch 151, the branch 151 is positioned within a guide belonging to the contact 33, in particular to the contact carrier 36, so as to be able to bear against the contact 33.
- the spring 144 also comprises a branch 152, by means of which the spring 144 bears on the control 142.
- the spring 144 comprises an elastic winding 153, partially visible on the figure 7 and 8 , the winding 153 connecting and actuating the branches 151 and 152. At the very least, an elastic part connects and actuates the branches 151 and 152 relative to each other.
- test control 142 when the test control 142 is in the rest position, it puts the test circuit 141 in a rest configuration where the test circuit 141 does not create an electrical fault.
- test control 142 when the test control 142 is in the test position, it puts the test circuit 141 in a test configuration, where the test circuit 141 creates a differential electrical fault, that is to say an electrical fault by which the trigger 8 is designed to be energized, and trigger the placing of contacts 33 and 43 in the isolation position as explained above, via mechanism 10.
- trip unit 8 is excited by the differential fault created by circuit 141, thus authorizing mechanism 10, in particular spring 107 , to drive the control 5 in the direction of the open position, from the closed position.
- crankpin 52 is moved in the direction of control 142.
- the test system 14 includes a retaining mechanism 16, visible on the figure 7 and 8 .
- the mechanism 16 is housed in the casing 2, close to the front 21, here in the compartment 26.
- the retaining mechanism 16 is configured to retain the control 5 in a retaining position, shown on the figure 7 , when control 142 is placed in the test position. In the holding position, the control 5 is oriented between the closed position and the open position, here approximately halfway. In other words, the retaining position is intermediate between the closed position and the open position.
- the control 5 moves from the closed position to the holding position shown on the figure 7 , without reaching the open position which is beyond.
- the retaining mechanism 16 retains the control 5 in the retained position against the action of the spring 107.
- the pin 52 remains at a good distance from the control 142, and of having struck the user who, at this moment, is pressing control 142 in the test position.
- the retaining mechanism 16 is configured to allow the control 5 to be returned to the open position by the mechanism 10, in particular under the action of the spring 107, when the control 142 is released by the user until the rest position.
- control 5 passes from the retained position to the open position when the user releases, or has released, control 142.
- the risk of crankpin 52 hitting the user is reduced, since the user has at least partially withdrawn his hand from the control 142, and that the control itself is arranged in the direction Y1 with respect to the test position.
- the figure 7 and 8 illustrate a preferred example of the retaining mechanism 16, where the retaining mechanism comprises a lever 161.
- the lever 161 is entirely housed in the housing 2.
- Lever 161 includes an end 162 through which lever 161 is attached to control 142, at a point intermediate between end 143 and end 145, so as to be pivotable relative to control 142 about an axis X162, called "connection axis".
- the end 162 comprises by example an orifice, which is received on a pivot pin belonging to the control 142, to form a pivot connection around the axis X162.
- the axis X162 is fixed with respect to the control 142, that is to say it moves together with the control 142 with respect to the housing 2.
- the end 162 is centered on the axis X162.
- lever 161 and control 142 provision is made for lever 161 and control 142 to be linked relative to each other, for any direction radial relative to connecting axis X162.
- the lever 161 is attached to the control 142 so that it cannot be moved in the directions Y1 and Z1.
- the axis X162 is here perpendicular to the axis Y142.
- the axis X162 is here parallel to the axis X5.
- Lever 161 also includes an end 163, opposite end 162.
- Lever 161 is also linked to housing 2, at an intermediate point of lever 161, between ends 162 and 163. At the very least, lever 161 is linked to housing 2 so as to be pivotable with respect to housing 2 around an axis X161, called “tilting axis", parallel to the axis X162.
- the axis X161 is fixed relative to the housing.
- the lever 161 comprises for example an orifice, which is received on a pivot pin belonging to the housing 2, for example to the partition 25.
- the lever 161 is sliding with respect to the housing 2 along a sliding axis R161, which connects the axes X161 and X162, and extends perpendicular to these axes X161 and X162.
- the axis R161 is fixed relative to the lever 161.
- the orifice linking the lever 161 to the housing 2 is preferably oblong in shape, along the axis R161.
- control 142 drives the lever 161 in rotation relative to the housing 2 around the axis X161, between a release position, shown on the figure 8 , when the control 142 is in the rest position, and a locking position, shown on the figure 7 , when control 142 is in the test position.
- the control 5 In the locked position, the control 5, during its rotation from the closed position to the open position under the effect of the return of the spring 107, comes into rotational abutment against the end 163 of the lever 161.
- the control 5 when the control 5 is returned to the open position by the mechanism 10 following the tripping of the trigger 8, the control 5 does not reach the open position, but interrupts its travel at the holding position shown on the figure 7 , in which the control 5 is retained by the lever 161.
- the base 51 of the control 5 comprises a radial lug 53, by means of which the control 5 comes into abutment against the end 163 of the lever 161, while the lever 161 is in the locking position.
- the lever 161 In the release position, the lever 161 is in an orientation where the end 163 is arranged away from the path traveled by the lug 53 during the rotation of the control 5. Thus, the lever 161 does not oppose until control 5 switches from the position of closed to the open position.
- the test circuit 141 is entirely housed inside the case 2. As illustrated in the figure 9 , to be able to selectively generate the differential electrical fault, the test circuit 141 preferably comprises a resistor 171, also visible on the figure 4 , 6 , 7 and 8 , and two switches, one formed by branch 151 of spring 144, the other formed by branch 152 of spring 144.
- spring 144 is made of an electrically conductive material.
- control 142 When control 142 is in the test position, the switch formed by branch 152 is in a so-called “closed position” position. For this, as shown in the figure 7 , control 142 is positioned so as to position branch 152 of spring 144 in this closed position, where branch 152 is in contact with one of the terminals of resistor 171. When control 142 is in the rest position, the switch is in a position called the “open position”. For this, the control 142 is positioned so as to position the branch 152 in the open position, where the branch 152 is positioned away from the terminal of the resistor 171, to be electrically insulated therefrom.
- branch 151 When the contact 33 is in the conduction position, the switch formed by the branch 151 is in electrical contact with the conductive end 35 of the contact 33.
- the branch 151 When the contact 33 is in the isolation position, the branch 151 is positioned so to be electrically insulated from the conductive end 35, as shown in the figure 7 and 8 . In both positions, branch 151 is held mechanically by contact carrier 36 for the purpose of applying force F144 to control 142.
- contact carrier 36 When contact 33 is moved between the isolation and conduction positions, branch 151 advantageously slides relative to the contact 33, within the guide belonging to the contact 33 where the branch 151 is held. Branch 151 slides relative to contact 33, between the position where branch 151 is electrically insulated from conductive end 35 and the position where branch 151 is electrically connected to conductive end 35.
- the two switches of circuit 141 are arranged in series and electrically connect, when they are both in the closed position, the first terminal of the resistor with path 3, upstream of trigger 7 and of differential sensor 81, at the conductive end 35 of the movable contact 33.
- the resistor 171 has a second terminal, via which the resistor is electrically connected, permanently, to path 4, at a point located between output terminal 42 and differential sensor 81 of trip unit 8.
- test circuit 141 When contact 33 is in the isolated position, test circuit 141 does not create the differential fault, since the first terminal of resistor 171 is electrically isolated from path 3, the switch formed by branch 151 being in the open position. .
- test circuit 141 When control 142 is in the rest position, test circuit 141 does not create the differential fault, since the first terminal of resistor 171 is electrically isolated from path 3, the switch formed by branch 152 being in the open position.
- test system 14 Alternatively or in addition to the test system 14, one could provide a test system with a holding mechanism and a test circuit producing an electrical fault of a predetermined type, capable of energizing another trigger, such as the trigger 6 or the trigger 7, when the test command of this test system is activated.
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Abstract
Dispositif de protection électrique, comprenant un chemin de conduction, un mécanisme de commutation, une commande de commutation (5) et un déclencheur, qui peut être excité par un défaut électrique d'un type prédéterminé. Le dispositif comprend un système de test, avec un circuit de test et une commande de test (142), qui peut être mise dans une position de test pour que le circuit de test crée un défaut électrique du type prédéterminé. Pour réduire le risque que ces commandes puissent heurter l'utilisateur, le système de test comprend un mécanisme de retenue (16), retenant la commande de commutation (5) dans une position de retenue, lorsque la commande de test (142) est en position de test, et autorisant la commande de commutation (5) à être ramenée jusqu'à une position d'ouverture, lorsque la commande de test (142) est dans une position de repos.An electrical protection device, comprising a conduction path, a switching mechanism, a switching control (5) and a trip device, which can be energized by an electrical fault of a predetermined type. The device includes a test system, with a test circuit and a test control (142), which can be placed in a test position for the test circuit to create an electrical fault of the predetermined type. To reduce the risk that these controls may hit the user, the test system includes a retaining mechanism (16), retaining the switch control (5) in a retained position, when the test control (142) is in test position, and allowing the switching control (5) to be returned to an open position, when the test control (142) is in a rest position.
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection électrique.The present invention relates to an electrical protection device.
Une installation électrique d'un bâtiment comporte généralement un tableau électrique, reliant cette installation électrique à un réseau de distribution d'électricité collectif et comportant divers dispositifs de protection, de commande et de surveillance de l'installation électrique. Parmi les dispositifs de protection électrique, on connaît notamment un dispositif de protection différentielle, qui vise à protéger une personne vis-à-vis d'un circuit électrique de l'installation, en ouvrant ledit circuit électrique lors que le dispositif détecte un défaut électrique différentiel au sein de ce circuit. Plus précisément, le dispositif de protection différentielle mesure une différence entre les courants de phase et les courants de neutre du circuit et déclenche un mécanisme de commutation pour ouvrir le circuit, si cette différence dépasse un seuil prédéterminé. En effet, cette différence peut traduire une fuite de courant par la terre.An electrical installation of a building generally comprises an electrical panel, connecting this electrical installation to a collective electricity distribution network and comprising various devices for the protection, control and monitoring of the electrical installation. Among the electrical protection devices, a differential protection device is known in particular, which aims to protect a person vis-à-vis an electrical circuit of the installation, by opening the said electrical circuit when the device detects an electrical fault. differential in this circuit. More precisely, the differential protection device measures a difference between the phase currents and the neutral currents of the circuit and triggers a switching mechanism to open the circuit, if this difference exceeds a predetermined threshold. Indeed, this difference can reflect a current leakage through the earth.
En façade, le dispositif de protection différentielle comporte généralement une manette pour actionner manuellement le mécanisme de commutation. Réciproquement, la manette est déplacée par le mécanisme de commutation lorsqu'un défaut différentiel est détecté.On the front, the differential protection device generally comprises a handle for manually actuating the switching mechanism. Conversely, the joystick is moved by the switching mechanism when a differential fault is detected.
Le dispositif de protection différentielle est généralement équipé d'un bouton de test, par l'intermédiaire duquel un utilisateur peut volontairement créer un défaut électrique différentiel pour tester le bon fonctionnement du dispositif. Pour cela, le bouton de test active un circuit de test interne qui crée volontairement le défaut électrique. On constate que le fonctionnement du dispositif est correct si la manette est ramenée vers la position d'ouverture lorsque l'on appuie sur le bouton de test.The differential protection device is generally equipped with a test button, through which a user can voluntarily create a differential electrical fault to test the correct operation of the device. For this, the test button activates an internal test circuit which voluntarily creates the electrical fault. It can be seen that the operation of the device is correct if the lever is brought back to the open position when the test button is pressed.
Le bouton de test est généralement placé à l'écart de la manette, ou dans une direction opposée à la direction de retour de la manette. En effet, dans le cas contraire, le brusque retour de la manette vers la position ouverte conduirait la manette à heurter le doigt de l'utilisateur appuyant sur le bouton de test. Cela limite donc les possibilités d'agencement de la manette et du bouton de test sur le dispositif. En particulier, il est exclu de placer le bouton de test très près de la manette et/ou dans la direction de retour de la manette, alors que cela pourrait être avantageux, notamment pour miniaturiser le dispositif, pour changer l'organisation interne du mécanisme de commutation, ou encore libérer de l'espace en façade, par exemple pour un étiquetage du dispositif de protection.The test button is usually placed away from the joystick, or in a direction opposite to the return direction of the joystick. Indeed, in the opposite case, the sudden return of the lever to the open position would cause the lever to hit the finger of the user pressing the test button. This therefore limits the possibilities of arranging the joystick and the test button on the device. In particular, placing the test button very close to the handle and/or in the return direction of the handle is excluded, whereas this could be advantageous, in particular for miniaturizing the device, for changing the internal organization of the mechanism switch, or free up space on the front, for example for labeling the protection device.
L'invention vise à résoudre les inconvénients de l'art antérieur, en proposant un nouveau dispositif de protection électrique offrant plus de polyvalence pour la disposition de ses commandes de commutation et de test, sans risque que ces commandes puissent heurter les doigts d'un utilisateur.The invention aims to solve the drawbacks of the prior art, by proposing a new electrical protection device offering more versatility for the arrangement of its switching and test commands, without the risk that these commands could strike the fingers of a user.
L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de protection électrique, comprenant : un boîtier et un premier chemin de conduction, comprenant un premier contact mobile, qui est mobile par rapport au boîtier, entre : une position de conduction, dans laquelle le premier contact mobile connecte électriquement une première borne d'entrée à une première borne de sortie, appartenant au premier chemin de conduction, et une position d'isolement, dans laquelle la première borne d'entrée et la première borne de sortie sont électriquement isolées l'une de l'autre. Le dispositif de protection électrique comprend également un mécanisme de commutation, qui est configuré pour basculer entre : une configuration armée, dans laquelle le mécanisme de commutation met le premier contact mobile en position de conduction, et une configuration déclenchée, dans laquelle le mécanisme de commutation met le premier contact mobile en position d'isolement. Le dispositif de protection électrique comprend également une commande de commutation, qui est actionnable par un utilisateur entre : une position de fermeture, pour mettre le mécanisme de commutation en configuration armée, et une position d'ouverture, pour mettre le mécanisme de commutation en configuration déclenchée, le mécanisme de commutation étant configuré pour ramener la commande de commutation vers la position d'ouverture lorsque le mécanisme de commutation est dans la configuration déclenchée. Le dispositif de protection électrique comprend également un déclencheur, qui est configuré pour faire basculer le mécanisme de commutation en configuration déclenchée lorsque le déclencheur est excité par un défaut électrique d'un type prédéterminé. Le dispositif de protection électrique comprend également un système de test, qui comprend : un circuit de test, qui est configuré pour basculer entre : une configuration de test, où le circuit de test crée un défaut électrique du type prédéterminé, et une configuration de repos, où le circuit de test ne crée pas de défaut électrique, et une commande de test, qui est actionnable par l'utilisateur entre : une position de repos, pour mettre le circuit de test en configuration de repos, et une position de test, pour mettre le circuit de test en configuration de test.The subject of the invention is an electrical protection device, comprising: a casing and a first conduction path, comprising a first movable contact, which is movable relative to the casing, between: a conduction position, in which the first movable contact electrically connects a first input terminal to a first output terminal, belonging to the first conduction path, and an isolation position, in which the first input terminal and the first output terminal are electrically isolated from one the other. The electrical protection device also includes a switch mechanism, which is configured to switch between: an armed configuration, in which the switch mechanism places the first movable contact in the conduction position, and a tripped configuration, in which the switch mechanism puts the first moving contact in the isolated position. The electrical protection device also comprises a switching control, which is operable by a user between: a closed position, to put the switching mechanism in the armed configuration, and an open position, to put the switching mechanism in the armed configuration triggered, the switching mechanism being configured to return the switching control to the open position when the switching mechanism is in the triggered configuration. The electrical protection device also includes a trip device, which is configured to switch the switching mechanism to a tripped configuration when the trip device is energized by an electrical fault of a predetermined type. The electrical protection device also includes a test system, which includes: a test circuit, which is configured to switch between: a test configuration, where the test circuit creates an electrical fault of the predetermined type, and an idle configuration , where the test circuit does not create an electrical fault, and a test command, which can be actuated by the user between: a rest position, to put the test circuit in the rest configuration, and a test position, to put the test circuit in the test configuration.
Selon l'invention, le système de test comprend un mécanisme de retenue, qui est configuré pour : retenir la commande de commutation dans une position de retenue, lorsque la commande de test est mise en position de test, la position de retenue étant intermédiaire entre la position de fermeture et la position d'ouverture, et autoriser la commande de commutation à être ramenée jusqu'à la position d'ouverture par le mécanisme de commutation, lorsque la commande de test est dans la position de repos.According to the invention, the test system comprises a retaining mechanism, which is configured to: retain the switching control in a retaining position, when the test control is placed in the test position, the retaining position being intermediate between the closed position and the open position, and authorize the control of switching to be returned to the open position by the switching mechanism, when the test control is in the rest position.
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de prévoir que, lorsqu'un utilisateur effectue un test du dispositif de protection électrique en déplaçant la commande de test jusqu'en position de test, la commande de commutation passe de la position de fermeture à la position de retenue sans atteindre la position d'ouverture, plutôt que de passer directement de la position de fermeture à la position d'ouverture. Par conséquent, puisque la commande de commutation n'a pas parcouru toute sa course de déplacement, le risque d'avoir heurté la main de l'utilisateur, encore en appui contre la commande de test, est particulièrement réduit. Néanmoins, une fois que la commande de test repasse en position de repos, traduisant que la main de l'utilisateur se retire de la commande de test, la commande de commutation est ramenée par le mécanisme de commutation jusqu'à la position ouverte pour signaler à l'utilisateur que le dispositif de protection électrique fonctionne correctement. A ce moment-là, l'utilisateur a moins de chances d'être heurté par la commande de commutation, puisque sa main s'est éloignée de la commande de test. De plus, pour déplacer la commande de commutation depuis la position de retenue jusqu'à la position d'ouverture, le mécanisme de commutation applique généralement un effort moins grand que pour déplacer la commande de commutation depuis la position de fermeture jusqu'à la position de retenue. En effet, on peut par exemple prévoir que la commande de commutation est ramenée vers la position d'ouverture sous l'action d'un ressort, dit « ressort de commande », appartenant au mécanisme de commutation, dont la tension décroit au fur et à mesure que la commande de commutation est déplacée depuis la position de fermeture jusqu'à la position d'ouverture. Ainsi, le choc éventuel de la commande de commutation sur la main de l'utilisateur est d'intensité réduite. Grâce à l'invention, il est donc avantageusement possible de prévoir toute disposition souhaitée pour les commandes de commutation et de test, même très rapprochées, car le risque de désagrément pour l'utilisateur est réduit. On peut ainsi obtenir que le dispositif de protection électrique est très compact, au moins en ce qui concerne les commandes de test et de commutation. On peut aussi obtenir de ne plus être contraint par le positionnement des commandes de test et de commutation pour l'organisation interne des composants dans le boîtier, notamment l'agencement du déclencheur par rapport au contact mobile. On peut aussi obtenir de libérer de l'espace, notamment sur une façade du dispositif, pour intégrer d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses, telles qu'une étiquette, des marquages obligatoires, un affichage, un voyant et/ou une commande supplémentaire.An idea underlying the invention is to provide that, when a user carries out a test of the electrical protection device by moving the test control to the test position, the switching control passes from the closed position to the hold position without reaching the open position, rather than going directly from the closed position to the open position. Consequently, since the switching control has not traveled through its entire displacement travel, the risk of having struck the user's hand, still resting against the test control, is particularly reduced. However, once the test control returns to the rest position, indicating that the user's hand is removed from the test control, the switching control is brought back by the switching mechanism to the open position to signal the user that the electrical protection device is working properly. At this time, the user has less chance of being hit by the switch control, since his hand has moved away from the test control. In addition, to move the switch control from the hold position to the open position, the switch mechanism generally applies less effort than to move the switch control from the closed position to the open position. restraint. Indeed, one can for example provide that the switching control is brought back to the open position under the action of a spring, called "control spring", belonging to the switching mechanism, the tension of which decreases gradually. as the switch control is moved from the closed position to the open position. Thus, the possible impact of the switching control on the hand of the user is of reduced intensity. Thanks to the invention, it is therefore advantageously possible to provide any desired arrangement for the switching and test commands, even very close together, because the risk of inconvenience for the user is reduced. It is thus possible to obtain that the electrical protection device is very compact, at least as regards the test and switching commands. It is also possible to no longer be constrained by the positioning of the test and switching commands for the internal organization of the components in the case, in particular the arrangement of the trip device with respect to the movable contact. It is also possible to free up space, in particular on a front of the device, to integrate other advantageous characteristics, such as a label, mandatory markings, a display, an indicator and/or an additional control.
De préférence, le mécanisme de retenue comprend un levier, la commande de test entraînant le levier en rotation par rapport au boîtier autour d'un axe de basculement, entre : une position de libération, lorsque la commande de test est en position de repos, dans laquelle le levier ne s'oppose pas à ce que la commande de commutation bascule de la position de fermeture jusqu'à la position d'ouverture ; et une position de verrouillage, lorsque la commande de test est en position de test, dans laquelle la commande de commutation entre en butée contre le levier lorsque la commande de commutation est rappelée vers la position d'ouverture, pour ainsi être retenue dans la position de retenue par le levier.Preferably, the retaining mechanism comprises a lever, the test control causing the lever to rotate relative to the housing around a tilting axis, between: a release position, when the test control is in the rest position, wherein the lever does not prevent the switching control from switching from the closed position to the open position; and a locking position, when the test control is in the test position, in which the switch control abuts against the lever when the switch control is biased towards the open position, to thereby be retained in the position restraint by the lever.
De préférence, le levier et la commande de test sont pivotants l'un par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe de liaison, l'axe de liaison étant fixe par rapport à la commande de test. De préférence, le levier et le boîtier sont coulissants l'un par rapport à l'autre suivant un axe de coulissement, qui coupe l'axe de basculement et l'axe de liaison, l'axe de basculement étant fixe par rapport au boîtier.Preferably, the lever and the test control are pivotable relative to each other around a connecting axis, the connecting axis being fixed relative to the test control. Preferably, the lever and the housing are slidable relative to each other along a sliding axis, which intersects the tilting axis and the connecting axis, the tilting axis being fixed relative to the housing .
De préférence, la commande de test est formée par un bouton poussoir, coulissant entre la position de repos et la position de test par rapport au boîtier suivant un premier axe. De préférence, la commande de commutation est formée par une manette, qui est pivotante par rapport au boîtier entre la position d'ouverture et la position de fermeture, autour d'un deuxième axe, le premier axe étant orthoradial par rapport au deuxième axe.Preferably, the test command is formed by a push button, sliding between the rest position and the test position relative to the housing along a first axis. Preferably, the switching control is formed by a lever, which is pivotable with respect to the housing between the open position and the closed position, around a second axis, the first axis being orthoradial with respect to the second axis.
De préférence, la commande de commutation comprend un maneton, par l'intermédiaire duquel l'utilisateur peut actionner la commande de commutation. De préférence, lorsque la commande de commutation est en position d'ouverture, le maneton est plus proche de la commande de test que lorsque la commande de commutation est en position de fermeture.Preferably, the switch control comprises a crankpin, through which the user can actuate the switch control. Preferably, when the switch control is in the open position, the crank pin is closer to the test control than when the switch control is in the closed position.
De préférence, la commande de commutation comprend un ergot radial, par l'intermédiaire duquel la commande de commutation est retenue par le mécanisme de retenue lorsque la commande de test est mise en position de test.Preferably, the switch control comprises a radial lug, through which the switch control is retained by the retaining mechanism when the test control is placed in the test position.
De préférence, le système de test comprend un ressort de rappel, qui applique un effort de rappel sur la commande de test, tendant à ramener la commande de test vers la position de repos, lorsque la commande de test est dans la position de test.Preferably, the test system comprises a return spring, which applies a return force to the test control, tending to bring the test control back to the rest position, when the test control is in the test position.
De préférence, le dispositif de protection électrique comprend un deuxième chemin de conduction, comprenant un deuxième contact mobile, qui est mobile par rapport au boîtier, entre : une position de conduction, dans laquelle le deuxième contact mobile connecte électriquement une deuxième borne d'entrée à une deuxième borne de sortie appartenant au deuxième chemin de conduction, et une position d'isolement, dans laquelle la deuxième borne d'entrée et la deuxième borne de sortie sont électriquement isolées l'une de l'autre. De préférence, le mécanisme de commutation met le deuxième contact mobile en position de conduction lorsque le mécanisme de commutation est en configuration armée et met le deuxième contact mobile en position d'isolement lorsque le mécanisme de commutation est en configuration déclenchée. De préférence, le circuit de test comprend un interrupteur, qui est déplacé entre : une position ouverte, lorsque la commande de test est dans la position de repos, et une position fermée lorsque la commande de test est dans la position de test. De préférence, le circuit test comprend une résistance, par l'intermédiaire de laquelle le premier chemin de conduction est électriquement connecté au deuxième chemin de conduction, pour créer un défaut électrique du type prédéterminé lorsque l'interrupteur est dans la configuration fermée.Preferably, the electrical protection device comprises a second conduction path, comprising a second movable contact, which is movable relative to the housing, between: a conduction position, in which the second movable contact electrically connects a second input terminal to a second output terminal belonging to the second conduction path, and an isolation position, in which the second input terminal and the second output terminal are electrically isolated from each other. Preferably, the switching mechanism places the second movable contact in the conduction position when the switching mechanism is in the armed configuration and places the second movable contact in the isolated position when the switching mechanism is in the tripped configuration. Preferably, the test circuit comprises a switch, which is moved between: an open position, when the test control is in the rest position, and a closed position when the test control is in the test position. Preferably, the test circuit includes a resistor, through which the first conduction path is electrically connected to the second conduction path, to create an electrical fault of the predetermined type when the switch is in the closed configuration.
De préférence, le ressort de rappel comprend une branche, qui est en appui contre la commande de test, pour appliquer l'effort de rappel sur la commande de test, et qui constitue l'interrupteur du circuit de test en étant déplacée par la commande de test entre la position ouverte, lorsque la commande de test est en position de repos, et la position fermée, lorsque la commande de test est en position de test.Preferably, the return spring comprises a branch, which bears against the test control, to apply the return force to the test control, and which constitutes the switch of the test circuit by being moved by the control between the open position, when the test control is in the rest position, and the closed position, when the test control is in the test position.
De préférence, le déclencheur et le circuit de test sont configurés pour que le défaut électrique du type prédéterminé soit un défaut électrique différentiel, se produisant entre le premier chemin de conduction et le deuxième chemin de conduction.Preferably, the trigger and the test circuit are configured so that the electrical fault of the predetermined type is a differential electrical fault, occurring between the first conduction path and the second conduction path.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront à la lumière de la description suivante, exposant des exemples conformes à son principe illustrés par les dessins annexés suivants.
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Fig 1 ] Lafigure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de protection électrique selon un mode de réalisation conforme à l'invention. - [
Fig 2 ] Lafigure 2 est une vue de côté du dispositif de protection électrique de lafigure 1 , montré dans une première configuration. - [
Fig 3 ] Lafigure 3 est une vue de côté du dispositif de protection électrique des figures précédentes, vu sous un autre angle par rapport à lafigure 2 , où le dispositif est dans la même configuration que sur lafigure 2 . - [
Fig 4 ] Lafigure 4 est une vue similaire à celle de lafigure 2 , où le dispositif de protection électrique est montré dans une deuxième configuration. - [
Fig 5 ] Lafigure 5 est une vue de côté similaire à celle de lafigure 3 , où le dispositif de protection électrique est montré dans la même configuration que sur lafigure 4 . - [
Fig 6 ] Lafigure 6 est une vue similaire à celle de lafigure 2 , où le dispositif de protection électrique est montré dans une troisième configuration. - [
Fig 7 ] Lafigure 7 est une vue de côté partielle sous le même angle que celle de lafigure 2 , montrant un système de test du dispositif, dans une première configuration où une commande de commutation est en position de retenue. - [
Fig 8 ] Lafigure 8 est une vue similaire à celle de lafigure 7 , où le système de test est montré dans une deuxième configuration où la commande de commutation est en position d'ouverture. - [
Fig 9 ] Lafigure 9 est un schéma électrique du dispositif de protection électrique des figures précédentes.
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Fig 1 ] Thefigure 1 is a perspective view of an electrical protection device according to an embodiment in accordance with the invention. - [
Fig 2 ] Thefigure 2 is a side view of the electrical protection device of thefigure 1 , shown in a first configuration. - [
Fig.3 ] Thepicture 3figure 2 , where the device is in the same configuration as on thefigure 2 . - [
Fig 4 ] Thefigure 4 is a view similar to that of thefigure 2 , where the electrical protection device is shown in a second configuration. - [
Fig.5 ] Thefigure 5 is a side view similar to that of thepicture 3figure 4 . - [
Fig 6 ] Thefigure 6 is a view similar to that of thefigure 2 , where the electrical protection device is shown in a third configuration. - [
Fig 7 ] Thefigure 7 is a partial side view from the same angle as thepicture 2 - [
Fig.8 ] Thefigure 8 is a view similar to that of thefigure 7 , where the test system is shown in a second configuration where the switch control is in the open position. - [
Fig.9 ] Thefigure 9 is an electrical diagram of the electrical protection device of the preceding figures.
Les
Le dispositif 1 du présent exemple comprend un boîtier 2, des chemins de conduction 3 et 4, une commande de commutation 5, des déclencheurs 6, 7 et 8, une chambre de coupure 9, un mécanisme de commutation 10 et un système de test 14. Sur les
Le dispositif 1 définit une direction de largeur X1, une direction de profondeur Y1 et une direction de hauteur Z1, qui sont perpendiculaires entre elles et fixes par rapport au boîtier 2. De préférence, lorsque le dispositif 1 est intégré au tableau électrique, la direction de hauteur Z1 est dirigée verticalement vers le haut.The device 1 defines a direction of width X1, a direction of depth Y1 and a direction of height Z1, which are mutually perpendicular and fixed with respect to the
Comme visible sur la
De préférence, le boîtier 2 comprend une cloison interne 25 visible sur les
Pour être intégré au tableau électrique, le dispositif 1 est avantageusement conçu pour être fixé sur un rail appartenant au tableau électrique. Pour cela, le dispositif 1 comprend avantageusement, au dos 22, tout moyen de fixation approprié, tel qu'une pince d'encliquetage, par l'intermédiaire duquel le dispositif 1 peut être fixement attaché sur ledit rail. Alors, la direction X1 est parallèle au rail. Le même rail peut ainsi supporter plusieurs dispositifs de protection du même type que le dispositif 1, disposés côte à côte de façon adjacente le long du rail, flanc de droit contre flanc de gauche, parallèlement à la direction X1.To be integrated into the electrical panel, the device 1 is advantageously designed to be fixed on a rail belonging to the electrical panel. For this, the device 1 advantageously comprises, on the back 22, any suitable fastening means, such as a snap-fit clamp, by means of which the device 1 can be fixedly attached to said rail. So, the direction X1 is parallel to the rail. The same rail can thus support several protective devices of the same type as device 1, arranged side by side adjacently along the rail, right side against left side, parallel to the direction X1.
Le dispositif 1 est préférentiellement bipolaire, en ce qu'il comporte deux chemins de conduction 3 et 4.Device 1 is preferably bipolar, in that it comprises two
On prévoit que chaque chemin de conduction comporte une borne d'entrée, une borne de sortie, un contact mobile et un contact fixe. Le chemin 3 comporte une borne d'entrée 31, une borne de sortie 32, un contact mobile 33 et un contact fixe 34, visibles sur les
Dans l'exemple, les bornes d'entrée 31 et 41, ainsi que les bornes de sortie 32 et 42, sont des bornes à vis. En variante, les bornes d'entrée et/ou les bornes de sortie sont des bornes automatiques, également appelées bornes embrochables, ou des bornes à connecteur rapide.In the example, the
De préférence, chaque chemin de conduction est électriquement isolé des autres chemins de conduction. Pour cela, de préférence, chaque chemin de conduction est entièrement disposé dans l'un des compartiments respectifs du boîtier. Ici, le chemin 3 est disposé dans le compartiment 26 et le chemin 4 est disposé dans le compartiment 27. La cloison interne 25 est interposée entre les chemins 3 et 4, de sorte à garantir qu'ils sont électriquement isolés l'un de l'autre.Preferably, each conduction path is electrically isolated from the other conduction paths. For this, each conduction path is preferably placed entirely in one of the respective compartments of the housing. Here, the
Les bornes d'entrée 31 et 41 sont préférentiellement disposées à l'extrémité supérieure 24, de façon à pouvoir être électriquement connectées à des moyens d'alimentation respectifs appartenant au tableau électrique. Par exemple, la borne 31 est reliée à un premier peigne d'alimentation appartenant au tableau électrique, alors que la borne d'entrée 41 est reliée à un deuxième peigne d'alimentation appartenant au tableau électrique. Chaque chemin de conduction constitue un pôle distinct du dispositif 1. De préférence, le chemin 3 constitue un pôle de phase, alors que le chemin 4 constitue un pôle de neutre. Autrement dit, chaque chemin de conduction est prévu pour être porté à un potentiel distinct. De préférence, le dispositif 1 est conçu pour être utilisé sous une basse tension, c'est-à-dire une tension comprise entre 100V (Volts) et 600V, par exemple une tension de 230V.The
Les bornes de sortie 32 et 42 sont préférentiellement disposées à l'extrémité inférieure 23, de façon à pouvoir être électriquement connectées à un circuit électrique alimentant des charges réceptrices, par exemple, dans le cas d'un bâtiment, des appareils électroménagers ou de l'éclairage. Ces charges électriques sont alors alimentées avec l'énergie électrique fournie aux bornes d'entrée 31 et 41, au travers du dispositif 1.The
Le contact fixe 34 est fixe par rapport au boîtier 2, et est électriquement connecté à la borne d'entrée 31. Le contact mobile 33 est électriquement connecté à la borne de sortie 32. Le contact fixe 34 est disposé dans la direction Z1 par rapport au contact mobile 33.Fixed
Comme visible sur les
En position de conduction du contact mobile 33, l'extrémité conductrice 35 est en en contact électrique avec le contact fixe 34, ce qui connecte électriquement la borne d'entrée 31 à la borne de sortie 32. En position d'isolement, l'extrémité conductrice 35 du contact mobile 33 est écartée du contact fixe 34, de sorte à en être électriquement isolée, ce qui rompt la connexion électrique entre les bornes 31 et 32, de sorte que les bornes 31 et 32 sont électriquement isolées l'une de l'autre.In the conduction position of the
Le contact fixe 44 est fixe par rapport au boîtier 2, et est électriquement connecté à la borne d'entrée 41. Le contact mobile 43 est électriquement connecté à la borne de sortie 42. Le contact fixe 44 est disposé dans la direction Z1 par rapport au contact mobile 43.Fixed
Comme visible sur les
En position de conduction du contact mobile 43, l'extrémité conductrice 45 est en en contact électrique avec le contact fixe 44, ce qui connecte électriquement la borne d'entrée 41 à la borne de sortie 42. En position d'isolement, l'extrémité conductrice 45 du contact mobile 43 est écartée du contact fixe 44, de sorte à en être électriquement isolée, ce qui rompt la connexion électrique entre les bornes 41 et 42, de sorte que les bornes 41 et 42 sont électriquement isolées l'une de l'autre.In the conduction position of the
La chambre de coupure 9 est représentée complète sur la
La chambre de coupure 9 comporte par exemple un empilement de plaques métalliques 91, parfois appelées ailettes ou séparateurs, superposées à distance l'une de l'autre, ici suivant la direction Y1. La chambre 9 comprend avantageusement des joues isolantes, entre lesquelles les plaques 91 sont disposées. Les plaques 91 sont par exemple maintenues entre la cloison 25 et le flanc droit 28 du boîtier 2. La chambre de coupure 9 comprend avantageusement une corne de d'arc 92 et une corne de commutation 93, visibles sur la
Le déclencheur 6, visible sur les
Ici, le déclencheur 6 est disposé, pour l'essentiel, dans le compartiment 26, et connecté en série sur le chemin de conduction 3. Suivant la direction Z1, le déclencheur 6 est disposé entre la borne 31 et le contact fixe 34. Suivant la direction Y1, le déclencheur 6 est disposé entre la chambre de coupure 9 et la façade 21.Here, the
Le déclencheur 6 se présente sous la forme d'un actionneur magnétique, qui comprend ici un enroulement électromagnétique 61 et un noyau mobile 62. Le noyau 62 est visible seulement sur la
Le déclencheur 7 est configuré pour être excité par un défaut électrique d'un autre type prédéterminé, à savoir un défaut électrique de type surcharge, qui est susceptible de se produire entre les chemins de conduction 3 et 4. Le déclencheur 7 est donc notamment excité par une surcharge qui se produirait en aval des bornes de sortie 32 et 42, sur le circuit électrique alimenté au travers du dispositif 1, ou sur l'une de ses charges. Ce type de défaut peut se produire lorsqu'une ou plusieurs charges connectées à ce circuit électrique imposent une demande de courant trop importante.The
Ici, le déclencheur 7 est entièrement disposé dans le compartiment 26 et connecté en série sur le chemin de conduction 3. Suivant la direction Z1, le déclencheur 6 est disposé entre la borne 32 et le contact mobile 33.Here,
Le déclencheur 7 se présente sous la forme d'un actionneur thermique, qui est ici formé par un bilame électriquement conducteur et thermo-déformable. Le contact mobile 33 est connecté électriquement à la borne de sortie 32 par l'intermédiaire du déclencheur 7, c'est-à-dire ici via le bilame. De préférence, un tresse souple 37 relie électriquement le contact mobile 33 au déclencheur 7. Lorsqu'une surcharge se produit, notamment en aval des bornes 32 et 42, l'intensité du courant circulant dans le bilame élève la température du bilame jusqu'à causer sa déformation. Une fois que le défaut cesse, le bilame refroidit et reprend sa forme initiale.The
Le déclencheur 8 est configuré pour être excité par un défaut électrique d'un autre type prédéterminé, à savoir un défaut électrique de type différentiel, qui est susceptible de se produire entre les chemins de conduction 3 et 4. Le déclencheur 8 est donc notamment excité par une fuite de courant vers la terre, qui se produirait en aval des bornes de sortie 32 et 42, causant alors une différence entre la valeur de l'intensité du courant circulant au sein du chemin 3 et la valeur de l'intensité du courant circulant en sens inverse au sein du chemin 4.The
Ici, le déclencheur 8 s'étend à la fois dans les compartiments 26 et 27, en traversant la cloison 25. Suivant la direction Z1, le déclencheur 8 est avantageusement disposé entre d'une part, les bornes de sortie 32 et 42, et d'autre part, les contacts 33, 34, 43 et 44. De préférence, le déclencheur 8 comprend un capteur différentiel 81, qui s'étend à la fois dans les compartiments 26 et 27, en étant disposé le long du dos 22 du boîtier 2. Comme visible sur les
Le schéma électrique de la
Le mécanisme de commutation 10 est logé dans le boîtier 2, en partie dans le compartiment 26 et dans le compartiment 27. Le mécanisme de commutation 10 est configuré pour basculer entre une configuration armée, montrée sur les
Dans le présent exemple, le mécanisme de commutation 10 comprend un étrier 101, visible sur les
Comme montré sur les
Comme montré sur les
Le mécanisme 10 comprend avantageusement un ressort 109, dit « ressort d'étrier », visible sur les
La commande de commutation 5 se présente ici sous la forme d'une manette, qui est pivotante par rapport au boîtier 2, autour d'un axe X5, entre une position de fermeture, montrée sur les
La commande 5 comprend ici une base 51, par l'intermédiaire de laquelle la commande 5 est attachée au boîtier 2 de façon pivotante. La base 51 est agencée au travers d'une ouverture appartenant à la façade 21, en obturant cette ouverture. Dans le sens de l'axe X5, la base 51 s'étend avantageusement de part et d'autre de la cloison 25. Autrement dit, la commande 5 est avantageusement centrée suivant la direction X1, sur la façade 21. La commande 5 comporte un maneton 52, porté par la base 51, et par l'intermédiaire duquel un utilisateur peut actionner la commande 5 en rotation. Pour être accessible par l'utilisateur, le maneton 52 est disposé à l'extérieur du boîtier 2.
Le mécanisme 10 comprend avantageusement un ressort 107, dit « ressort de commande », visible sur les
Le mécanisme 10 comprend avantageusement une bielle 108, visible sur les
Le mécanisme 10 comprend avantageusement un loquet 112, visible sur les
Dans le présent exemple, le loquet 112 comprend un verrou 114 et un crochet 115 qui coopèrent ensemble.In this example, the
Ici, le crochet 115 s'étend à la fois dans les compartiments 26 et 27, de sorte à être visible sur les
Ici, le verrou 114 s'étend dans le compartiment 27, de sorte à être visible sur les
En configuration de verrouillage, le crochet 115 est dans une orientation dite « orientation de maintien », où le crochet 115 maintient le verrou 114 dans une orientation dite « orientation de capture ». Pour cela, le crochet 115 comprend par exemple un bras radial 116, contre lequel le verrou 114 vient en butée de rotation. En configuration de déverrouillage, le crochet 115 est dans une orientation dite « orientation de décrochage », où le crochet 115 autorise le verrou 114 à être pivoté par rapport à l'étrier 101. Dans le présent exemple, sous l'angle de la
Le mécanisme 10 comprend avantageusement un ressort 113, dit « ressort de loquet », visible sur les
A l'opposé de l'extrémité 110, la bielle 108 comprend une autre extrémité 111, par l'intermédiaire de laquelle la bielle 108 est capturée par le loquet 112, en particulier par le verrou 114, lorsque le loquet 112 est en configuration de verrouillage, ici lorsque le verrou 114 est dans l'orientation de capture. Alors, par l'intermédiaire du loquet 112, l'extrémité 111 est attachée à l'étrier 101 en étant pivotante par rapport audit étrier 101. En configuration de verrouillage du loquet 112, la position de la commande 5 est assujettie à la position de l'étrier 101, et donc à la position des contacts 33 et 43, par l'intermédiaire de la bielle 108 et du loquet 112. Dans cette situation, lorsque la commande 5 est mise dans la position de fermeture par un utilisateur, l'étrier 101 est mis en position armée, par l'intermédiaire de la bielle 108, dont l'extrémité 111 est capturée par le loquet 112 pour entraîner l'étrier 101. L'étrier 101 étant mis en position armée, il met les contacts 33 et 43 en position de conduction, par l'intermédiaire des ressorts de contact 103 et 105. En configuration de verrouillage du loquet 112, lorsque la commande 5 est mise dans la position d'ouverture par un utilisateur, l'étrier 101 est mis en position déclenchée, par l'intermédiaire de la bielle 108 et du ressort 109, l'extrémité 111 de la bielle 108 étant capturée par le loquet 112 pour entraîner l'étrier 101. L'étrier 101 étant mis en position déclenchée, il met les contacts 33 et 43 en position d'isolement, par l'intermédiaire des cames 102 et 104.Opposite the
Lorsque le loquet 112 est en configuration de verrouillage, que l'étrier 101 est en position armée et que la commande 5 est en position de fermeture, l'étrier 101 et la commande 5 se maintiennent mutuellement en position, à rencontre du ressort 107, tendant à déplacer l'étrier 101 vers la position déclenchée, et du ressort 109, tendant à déplacer la commande 5 vers la position d'ouverture. Pour ainsi obtenir le maintien mutuel de l'étrier 101 et de la commande 5, on prévoit que, lorsque le loquet 112 est en configuration verrouillage, que l'étrier 101 est en position armée et que la commande 5 est en position de fermeture, alors la bielle 108 est dans une orientation verrouillante, montrée sur la
En résumé, lorsque le loquet 112 est en configuration de verrouillage et que la commande 5 est en position de fermeture, la commande 5 met le mécanisme 10 en configuration armée. Lorsque le loquet 112 est en configuration de verrouillage et que la commande 5 est en position d'ouverture, la commande 5 met le mécanisme 10 en configuration déclenchée.In summary, when the
Comme montré sur la
Lorsque le loquet 112 est en configuration de déverrouillage alors que l'étrier 101 est en position armée et que la commande 5 est en position de fermeture, l'extrémité 111 de la bielle 108 est libérée de l'étrier 101. A tout le moins, dans cette situation, le loquet 112 autorise l'extrémité 111 à se déplacer par rapport à l'étrier 101 dans un plan parallèle aux directions Y1 et Z1. Ici, l'extrémité 111 est autorisée à se déplacer le long d'un chemin linéaire prédéterminé, par exemple en forme d'arc de cercle, par rapport à l'étrier 101, en circulant par exemple le long une gorge 117 formée par l'étrier 101. En pratique, le déplacement de l'extrémité 111 le long du chemin s'accompagne d'un pivotement du verrou 114 hors la position de capture, le verrou 114 prenant une orientation correspondant à la position courante de l'extrémité 111 par rapport à l'étrier 101. Ainsi libérée, la bielle 108 n'opère plus un maintien mutuel en position de l'étrier 101 et de la commande 5. Alors, la commande 5 est ramenée vers la position d'ouverture sous l'action du ressort 107 et l'étrier 101 est ramené vers la position déclenchée sous l'action du ressort 109, l'étrier 101 entraînant alors les contacts 33 et 43 vers la position d'isolement. Le dispositif 1 est conçu pour que, lorsque l'étrier 101 a atteint la position déclenchée et que la commande 5 a atteint la position d'ouverture, la bielle 108 prend une position où le verrou 114 est mis en position de capture par l'extrémité 111. Alors, le crochet 115 est ramené en position de maintien par le ressort 113, de sorte que le loquet 112 reprend automatiquement la configuration de verrouillage.When the
Plus généralement, on prévoit que le mécanisme 10, en particulier le ressort 107, ramène la commande 5 vers la position d'ouverture lorsque le mécanisme 10 est mis dans la configuration déclenchée, que ce soit par action de l'utilisateur sur la commande 5 elle-même, ou sous l'action d'un déclenchement opéré par l'un des déclencheurs 6, 7 ou 8.More generally, provision is made for
Pour faire passer le loquet 112 de la configuration de verrouillage à la configuration de déverrouillage, le déclencheur 6 actionne par exemple une bascule 118 appartenant au mécanisme 10, la bascule 118 entraînant le crochet 115 jusqu'à la position de décrochage. Ici, la bascule 118 est attachée au boîtier 2, par exemple à la cloison 25, en étant pivotante par rapport au boîtier 2 autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe X115, entre une position initiale montrée sur les
De préférence, on prévoit en outre que le noyau 62 actionne en outre le contact 33, en l'entraînant directement depuis la position de conduction vers la position d'isolement, le noyau 62 venant en appui contre ledit contact 33.Preferably, provision is also made for the core 62 to also actuate the
Une fois le défaut électrique terminé, le noyau 62 reprend sa position initiale, et autorise la bascule 118 à être ramenée vers la position initiale. Sous l'action du ressort 113, la bascule 118 est alors ramenée vers la position initiale par l'intermédiaire du crochet 115, alors que le crochet 115 est lui-même ramené dans l'orientation de maintien par le ressort 113.Once the electrical fault is over, the core 62 returns to its initial position, and allows the flip-
Pour faire passer le loquet 112 de la configuration de verrouillage à la configuration de déverrouillage, on peut prévoir que le déclencheur 7 actionne aussi la bascule 118 de la position initiale à la position de bascule, ici par l'intermédiaire d'une biellette 120, appartenant au mécanisme 10.To change the
Pour faire passer le loquet 112 de la configuration de verrouillage à la configuration de déverrouillage, le déclencheur 8 actionne par exemple un amplificateur mécanique d'effort 121, qui est visible sur les
Le tiroir 122 coulisse par rapport au boîtier 2 entre une position armée, où le tiroir 122 autorise le loquet 112 à être en configuration de verrouillage, et une position déclenchée, où le tiroir 122 met le loquet 112 en configuration de déverrouillage. Pour mettre le loquet 112 en configuration de verrouillage, le tiroir 122 vient par exemple en appui contre une jambe 126 appartenant au crochet 115, lorsque le tiroir 122 est déplacé de la position armée à la position déclenchée, ce qui entraîne le crochet 115 depuis l'orientation de maintien jusqu'à l'orientation de décrochage.The
Le ressort 124 applique un effort sur le tiroir 122, qui tend à déplacer le tiroir 122 depuis la position armée jusqu'à la position de déclenchement. Lorsque le contact 43 passe de la position de conduction à la position d'isolement, le contact 43 ramène le tiroir 122 vers la position armée, à rencontre de l'effort du ressort 124, en venant en appui contre le tiroir 122.
Le verrou 123 est porté par le boîtier 2. Le verrou 123 est pivotant par rapport au boîtier 2, entre une orientation de verrouillage, montrée sur les
Le ressort 125 exerce un effort sur le verrou 123, en prenant appui sur le boîtier 2, en particulier sur la cloison 25. Cet effort tend à ramener le verrou 123 de la position de déverrouillage à la position de verrouillage. Le tiroir 122, lorsqu'il est en position de déclenchement, maintient le verrou 123 en orientation de déverrouillage contre l'effort du ressort 125. Le tiroir 122, lorsqu'il revient en position armée, autorise le verrou 123 à être ramené en position de verrouillage par le ressort 125.The
La béquille de réarmement 127 est attachée au boîtier 2, en particulier à la cloison 25. Lorsqu'un défaut différentiel se produit, la tige mobile 83 est déplacée, ici dans la direction Z1. Sous l'action du déplacement de la tige mobile 83, la béquille de réarmement 127 est pivotée entre une première position, montrée sur les
Le mécanisme 10 décrit ici et son mode de déclenchement par les déclencheurs 6, 7 et 8 est donné seulement à titre d'exemple illustratif.The
Le système de test 14, dont la structure et le fonctionnement sont illustrés plus en détails sur les
La commande de test 142 est avantageusement portée par la façade 21, de sorte à être actionnable par l'utilisateur pour tester le déclencheur 8. Ici, la commande 142 se présente sous la forme d'un bouton poussoir qui traverse la façade 21, en étant coulissant par rapport au boîtier 2 suivant un axe Y142, ici parallèle à la direction Y1, entre une position de repos, montrée sur les
La commande 142 comprend une extrémité d'actionnement 143, qui est extérieure, en façade 21, de sorte à être visible sur la
Cet agencement de la commande 5 et de la commande 142 permet avantageusement de prévoir que le boîtier 2 comprend une paroi d'étiquetage 19, appartenant à la façade 21, d'une superficie conséquente et disposée de façon adjacente à la commande 5 dans la direction Z1. Sur cette paroi d'étiquetage 19, on peut indiquer toute inscription et symbole techniques pour identifier et caractériser le fonctionnement du dispositif 1, à l'attention de l'utilisateur.This arrangement of the
La commande 142 comprend également une extrémité interne 145, qui est disposée à l'intérieur du boîtier 2, par-delà la façade 21. Pour cela, l'extrémité d'actionnement 143 est disposée dans la direction Y1 par rapport à l'extrémité interne 145. Les extrémités 143 et 145 sont préférentiellement alignées suivant l'axe Y142.The
Le ressort 144 est disposé à l'intérieur du boîtier 2, par exemple dans le compartiment 26. De préférence, le ressort 144 est en appui sur le contact 33, en particulier par le porte-contact 36. Pour toute position du contact 33, le ressort de rappel 144 applique un effort de rappel F144 sur la commande 142, en prenant appui sur ledit contact 33, via le porte-contact 36 et en prenant appui sur la commande 142, ici contre une butée formée par l'extrémité interne 145. L'effort F144 tend à ramener la commande 142 depuis la position de test jusqu'à la position de repos. Lorsque l'utilisateur actionne la commande 142 vers la position de test, c'est à rencontre de l'effort F144. Lorsque l'utilisateur relâche la commande 142, c'est l'effort F144 qui ramène la commande 142 jusqu'à la position de repos.The
Dans le présent exemple, le ressort 144 est un ressort de torsion, qui comprend une branche 151, par l'intermédiaire de laquelle le ressort 144 prend appui sur le contact 33. Sur les
Comme expliqué ci-après, lorsque la commande de test 142 est en position de repos, elle met le circuit de test 141 dans une configuration de repos où le circuit de test 141 ne crée pas de défaut électrique. Lorsque le commande de test 142 est en position de test, elle met le circuit de test 141 dans une configuration de test, où le circuit de test 141 crée un défaut électrique différentiel, c'est-à-dire un défaut électrique par lequel le déclencheur 8 est conçu pour être excité, et déclencher la mise en position d'isolement des contacts 33 et 43 comme expliqué ci-avant, via le mécanisme 10. Ainsi, lorsque l'utilisateur actionne la commande 142 jusqu'à la position de test, alors que la commande 5 est en position de fermeture et que les contacts 33 et 43 sont en position de conduction, le déclencheur 8 est excité par le défaut différentiel créé par le circuit 141, autorisant ainsi le mécanisme 10, en particulier le ressort 107, à entraîner la commande 5 en direction de la position d'ouverture, depuis la position de fermeture. Dans le cas présent, le maneton 52 est déplacé en direction de la commande 142.As explained below, when the
Le système de test 14 comprend un mécanisme de retenue 16, visible sur les
Comme montré sur la
Les
Le levier 161 comprend une extrémité 162 par l'intermédiaire de laquelle le levier 161 est attaché à la commande 142, à un point intermédiaire entre l'extrémité 143 et l'extrémité 145, de façon à être pivotant par rapport à la commande 142 autour d'un axe X162, dit «axe de liaison ». Pour cela, comme illustré, l'extrémité 162 comprend par exemple un orifice, qui est reçu sur un pion de pivotement appartenant à la commande 142, pour former une liaison pivot autour de l'axe X162. L'axe X162 est fixe par rapport à la commande 142, c'est-à-dire se déplace solidairement avec la commande 142 par rapport au boîtier 2. L'extrémité 162 est centrée sur l'axe X162. Autrement dit, on prévoit que le levier 161 et la commande 142 sont liés l'un par rapport à l'autre, pour toute direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de liaison X162. Autrement dit, le levier 161 est attaché à la commande 142 de façon à ne pas pouvoir être déplacé suivant les directions Y1 et Z1. L'axe X162 est ici perpendiculaire à l'axe Y142. L'axe X162 est ici parallèle à l'axe X5.
Le levier 161 comprend aussi une extrémité 163, opposée à l'extrémité 162.
Le levier 161 est aussi lié au boîtier 2, à un point intermédiaire du levier 161, entre les extrémités 162 et 163. Pour le moins, le levier 161 est lié au boîtier 2 de façon à être pivotant par rapport au boîtier 2 autour d'un axe X161, dit « axe de basculement », parallèle à l'axe X162. L'axe X161 est fixe par rapport au boîtier. Pour cela, comme illustré, le levier 161 comprend par exemple un orifice, qui est reçu sur un pion de pivotement appartenant au boîtier 2, par exemple à la cloison 25. De préférence, le levier 161 est coulissant par rapport au boîtier 2 suivant un axe de coulissement R161, qui relie les axes X161 et X162, et s'étend perpendiculairement à ces axes X161 et X162. L'axe R161 est fixe par rapport au levier 161. Pour autoriser ce coulissement, l'orifice liant le levier 161 au boîtier 2 est préférentiellement de forme oblongue, suivant l'axe R161.
Grâce à ces dispositions, la commande 142 entraîne le levier 161 en rotation par rapport au boîtier 2 autour de l'axe X161, entre une position de libération, montrée sur la
En position de verrouillage, la commande 5, lors de sa rotation depuis la position de fermeture vers la positon d'ouverture sous l'effet du rappel du ressort 107, entre en butée de rotation contre l'extrémité 163 du levier 161. Ainsi, lorsque la commande 5 est rappelée vers la position d'ouverture par le mécanisme 10 suite au déclenchement du déclencheur 8, la commande 5 n'atteint pas la position d'ouverture, mais interrompt sa course à la position de retenue montrée sur la
En position de libération, le levier 161 est dans une orientation où l'extrémité 163 est agencée à l'écart du trajet parcouru par l'ergot 53 lors de la rotation de la commande 5. Ainsi, le levier 161 ne s'oppose pas à ce que la commande 5 bascule de la position de fermeture à la position d'ouverture. De préférence, on prévoit que le pivotement de la position de verrouillage à la position de libération du levier 161 s'effectue en sens inverse que le pivotement de la position de fermeture à la position d'ouverture de la commande 5, pour que la commande 142 puisse facilement revenir en position de repos alors que le levier 161 retenait la commande 5 en position de retenue.In the release position, the
Le circuit de test 141 est entièrement logé à l'intérieur du boîtier 2. Comme illustré sur la
Lorsque la commande 142 est en position de test, l'interrupteur formé par la branche 152 est dans une position dite « position fermée ». Pour cela, comme montré sur la
Lorsque le contact 33 est en position de conduction, l'interrupteur formé par la branche 151 est en contact électrique avec l'extrémité conductrice 35 du contact 33. Lorsque le contact 33 est en position d'isolement, la branche 151 est positionnée de sorte à être électriquement isolée de l'extrémité conductrice 35, comme montré sur les
Ces dispositions font que les deux interrupteurs du circuit 141 sont disposées en série et relient électriquement, lorsqu'ils sont tous deux en position fermée, la première borne de la résistance avec le chemin 3, en amont du déclencheur 7 et du capteur différentiel 81, au niveau de l'extrémité conductrice 35 du contact mobile 33. Par ailleurs, la résistance 171 présente une deuxième borne, par l'intermédiaire de laquelle la résistance est électriquement connectée, de façon permanente, au chemin 4, en un point situé entre la borne de sortie 42 et le capteur différentiel 81 du déclencheur 8.These arrangements mean that the two switches of
Lorsque le contact 33 est en position de conduction et que la commande de test 142 est mise en position fermée, les deux interrupteurs du circuit 141 sont en position fermée, de sorte que la première borne de la résistance 171 est électriquement reliée au chemin 3, en amont du capteur 81, et que la deuxième borne de la résistance 171 est électriquement reliée au chemin 4, en aval du capteur 81. Ainsi, une fuite de courant entre les chemins 3 et 4 est créée, circulant entre les deux chemins 3 et 4 via la résistance 171, ce qui constitue un défaut électrique différentiel de nature à exciter le capteur 81, et déclenchant donc le déclencheur 8.When
Lorsque le contact 33 est en position d'isolement, le circuit de test 141 ne crée pas le défaut différentiel, puisque la première borne de la résistance 171 est électriquement isolée du chemin 3, l'interrupteur formé par la branche 151 étant en position ouverte.When
Lorsque la commande 142 est en position de repos, le circuit de test 141 ne crée pas le défaut différentiel, puisque la première borne de la résistance 171 est électriquement isolée du chemin 3, l'interrupteur formé par la branche 152 étant en position ouverte.When
Alternativement ou en supplément du système de test 14, on pourrait prévoir un système de test avec un mécanisme de retenue et un circuit de test produisant un défaut électrique d'un type prédéterminé, susceptible d'exciter un autre déclencheur, tel que le déclencheur 6 ou le déclencheur 7, lorsque la commande de test de ce système de test est actionnée.Alternatively or in addition to the
Toute caractéristique décrite dans ce qui précède pour un mode de réalisation ou une variante particulière, peut être mise en œuvre dans les autres modes de réalisation et variantes décrits dans ce qui précède, pour autant que techniquement possible.Any feature described in the foregoing for a particular embodiment or variant may be implemented in the other embodiments and variants described in the foregoing, as far as technically possible.
Claims (10)
caractérisé en ce que le système de test (14) comprend un mécanisme de retenue (16), qui est configuré pour :
characterized in that the test system (14) includes a restraint mechanism (16), which is configured to:
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FR2103122A FR3121271B1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Electrical protection device |
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EP4064318A1 true EP4064318A1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
EP4064318C0 EP4064318C0 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
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CN (1) | CN115132538A (en) |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2609209A1 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-01 | Merlin Gerin | BIPOLAR DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH WITH DEFECT INDICATOR |
EP0685867A1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-06 | Legrand | Differential release device |
US20030210114A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-13 | Brandon Joseph T. | Circuit breaker |
-
2021
- 2021-03-26 FR FR2103122A patent/FR3121271B1/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-22 AU AU2022201979A patent/AU2022201979A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-23 CN CN202210291274.5A patent/CN115132538A/en active Pending
- 2022-03-25 EP EP22164376.0A patent/EP4064318B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2609209A1 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-01 | Merlin Gerin | BIPOLAR DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH WITH DEFECT INDICATOR |
EP0685867A1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-06 | Legrand | Differential release device |
US20030210114A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-13 | Brandon Joseph T. | Circuit breaker |
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CN115132538A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
AU2022201979A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 |
FR3121271B1 (en) | 2023-03-31 |
EP4064318C0 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
FR3121271A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 |
EP4064318B1 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
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