EP3963571B1 - Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation - Google Patents
Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3963571B1 EP3963571B1 EP20716522.6A EP20716522A EP3963571B1 EP 3963571 B1 EP3963571 B1 EP 3963571B1 EP 20716522 A EP20716522 A EP 20716522A EP 3963571 B1 EP3963571 B1 EP 3963571B1
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- wall
- superficial
- base
- intermediate nodes
- segments
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
Definitions
- the present description relates to a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation, a method of attenuating an acoustic emission, as well as a machine or an installation which is provided with the surface lining.
- involuntary acoustic emissions result from deformations by bending of walls which are in contact with media where acoustic waves can propagate. It is in particular in this way that acoustic waves are transmitted to the exterior of an aircraft by portions of its fuselage, or to the interior of the aircraft by internal trim panels or floor elements. This is also how acoustic waves are transmitted through the water through the hull of a ship or submarine.
- These involuntary acoustic emissions cause noise pollution of the environment, and discomfort for people who are there.
- the unintentional acoustic emissions that are produced by the hull in the water can interfere with the mission of the submarine.
- a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation according to the preamble of claim 1 is known, for example, from the document EP1022721 A2 .
- An object of the present invention is therefore to attenuate such acoustic emissions in a way that is effective, inexpensive, and by causing a limited increase in the weight and size of a machine or an installation whose acoustic emission is attenuated.
- a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation comprises a deformable sheet structure intended to be inserted between a base wall capable of becoming concave or convex in areas of this base wall, and a flexible surface wall, avoiding detachments of the sheet structure relative to the base wall, and also avoiding detachments of the surface wall relative to the structure in tablecloth.
- the sheet structure may be intended to be glued to the base wall.
- the surface wall may be intended to be bonded to the sheet structure.
- the surface wall can directly be an exposed surface of the sheet structure.
- the surface wall is intended to be in contact with the medium where acoustic waves can propagate.
- the sheet structure has several orthotropic directions, each orthotropic direction being associated with at least one respective shear strength value which is perpendicular to this orthotropic direction. Then, according to one characteristic of the invention, that of the orthotropic directions which is associated with a lower shear strength value than that of at least one other of the orthotropic directions, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure . Preferably, that of the orthotropic directions which is associated with the lowest shear strength value, relative to all the other shear strength values of the other orthotropic directions, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure.
- Such a surface lining has an acoustic attenuation efficiency that is all the greater since it has a low resistance to shearing which is parallel to the base wall.
- variations in thickness of the sheet structure perpendicular to the base wall which are caused by variations in convexity or concavity of this base wall, attenuate the acoustic emission which is produced by the variations in convexity or base wall concavity.
- these variations in thickness of the sheet structure are favored by shifts which are internal to the sheet structure and which are parallel to the base wall.
- the surface lining of the invention consists of a structure which is essentially hollow. Its weight can therefore be particularly reduced. In addition, its thickness may be small, less than five centimeters, or even less than two centimeters, for example.
- a surface lining can be easily manufactured by a production process by adding material, such as a process three-dimensional printing. Alternatively, it can be manufactured by molding parts of the sheet structure, then assembling the molded parts together.
- each base pad can be adapted to connect several first segments to the base wall, in an angularly distributed manner around a direction which is perpendicular to the sheet passing through the base pad. . Then, any two base pads which are neighbors are connected by two of the first segments to one and the same intermediate nodes, this intermediate node varying between different pairs of neighboring base pads.
- each base pad can be adapted to rigidly connect one of the first segments to the base wall, so that this first segment remains perpendicular to the base wall at the location of the base.
- each first segment which connects one of the base pads to one of the intermediate nodes can be longer than each second segment which connects one of the intermediate nodes to one of the surface pads.
- the first segments can be continuous in material with the base pads and with base parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a first lattice which is deformable by bending at each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base pads, and at each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base portions of intermediate nodes.
- the second segments can be continuous in material with base parts of the mobile parts of the surface pads and with top parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a second lattice which is deformable by bending at each connection between the one of the second segments and one of the base parts of mobile parts of surface pads, and at each connection between one of the second segments and one of the top parts of intermediate nodes.
- the base parts of the intermediate nodes which are contained in the first lattice can be connected one-to-one rigidly to the top parts of the intermediate nodes which are contained in the second lattice.
- the fixing parts of the surface pads can also be connected to each other by links so as to form a third mesh which is intended to be fixed on the surface wall, or so as to form the surface wall.
- a second aspect of the invention proposes a method for attenuating an acoustic emission which is caused by a bending deformation of a base wall.
- This method comprises a step of fixing on the base wall, a surface lining which is in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
- the method may also include a step of fixing the surface wall to the sheet structure, where appropriate to the fixing parts of the surface studs of the sheet structure.
- a third aspect of the invention proposes a machine or an installation which is capable of producing an acoustic emission by deformation in bending of a wall of this machine or installation, this wall being provided with a surface lining in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, and acting as a base wall for this trim.
- a device or installation may be a portion of a soundproofing wall, in particular a portion of a soundproofing road wall, a room partition concert or musical training, a bulkhead of an engine or air treatment compartment, a pipeline, an aircraft, a ship or a submarine.
- the relevant wall of the machine can be a portion of a structure of the aircraft, a portion of the floor of the aircraft or an interior trim panel of a cabin of the aircraft.
- the relevant wall of the craft may be a portion of the hull of the ship or of the submarine, a portion of the floor or a partition of the ship or of the submarine.
- the machine 110 can be a submarine, by way of non-limiting example.
- the base wall 101 can be constituted by at least part of a hull of the submarine.
- the surface lining 100 is then applied to the external face of the hull, so that the surface wall 102 is in contact with the water external to the submarine.
- the surface wall 102 is carried by the surface studs 2 at a distance from the base wall 101. It presents a compromise of flexibility and rigidity which is adapted so that this surface wall 102 locally follows the displacements of the surface studs 2 perpendicular to the base wall 101, at the fixing locations of the surface studs 2 on the surface wall 102, but also to follow these movements between the locations of the surface studs 2, by ripple effect.
- the surface wall 102 can be a thin metal sheet, less than 0.3 mm (millimeter) thick.
- the base wall 101 is capable of transmitting acoustic waves to the external environment, sea water in the case of the hull of a submarine, by bending vibrations of this base wall. Thus, it becomes locally more convex in some areas, while it becomes locally more concave in neighboring areas, as represented in [ Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1b ]. During vibrations of the base wall 101, the areas of increased convexity and concavity are exchanged.
- convex and concave are to be understood algebraically and relatively with respect to a reference shape of the base wall 101: convex meaning that the base wall is at a given moment during the vibration more convex than its reference shape, and concave meaning conversely that the base wall is at a given moment less convex than the reference shape.
- Each first segment 4 comes from a base pad 1, and the base pads 1 are such that the orientation of each first segment 4 with respect to the base wall 101 is constant, or substantially constant.
- the reference D in [ Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1b ] designates a direction which is locally perpendicular to the base wall 101. Due to the variable curvature of the base wall 101, this direction D varies spatially and temporally, but at each location of the base wall 101, the first segments 4 have a relative orientation which is constant with respect to the direction D.
- the first segments 4 which come from neighboring base pads 1 are connected to each other by their opposite ends to the base wall 101, to the intermediate nodes 3. They thus form two-by-two rigid isosceles triangles with the wall base 101 as the base of these isosceles triangles. Although this presentation is made in a section plane which is perpendicular to the base wall 101, it remains valid in three dimensions as described later with reference to [ Fig. 2 ].
- each first segment 4 remains permanently parallel to the direction D, as it exists at the location of this first segment. All the first segments 4 have the same length, which can be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters. The ends of the first segments 4 which are opposite the base pads 101 lead to the intermediate nodes 3.
- the intermediate nodes 3 move apart between neighboring nodes in this area, as appears on the two left and right sides of [ Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1b ]. Conversely, when the base wall 101 deforms in bending to become locally more concave in an area, the intermediate nodes 3 approach between neighboring nodes in this area, as appears in the central parts of [ Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1b ].
- Second segments 5 connect the intermediate nodes 3 which are neighbors, with a first end of each second segment 5 which is connected to one of the intermediate nodes 3, and a second end of each second segment 5 which is connected to the second end of the other second segment via one of the surface studs 2.
- the connections at the two ends of each second segment 5 have a degree of freedom of deformation by rotation, and are designed to have a low resistance to deformation.
- the axis of deformation by rotation of each connection is locally parallel to the base wall 101, to order one.
- each end connection of one of the second segments 5 can be made by local thinning or a flexible connecting tongue.
- Each connection between second segments which is opposite to the intermediate nodes 3 is also connected to a surface pad 2.
- the second segments 5 which lead to one and the same of the surface pads 2 form a group of second segments, as introduced in the part general of this description.
- Such a group can contain a variable number of second segments 5, for example three, four or six second segments, depending on the three-dimensional geometry of the sheet structure.
- the first segments 4 form with the second segments 5 polygons or deformable polyhedra, whose sides have fixed lengths, and whose opposite vertices are the base blocks 1 and the surface blocks 2, and the intermediate vertices are the intermediate nodes 3.
- the reference R1 designates the rotary connection between a first segment 4 and a second segment 5 at the level of an intermediate node 3
- the reference R2 designates the rotary connection between a second segment 5 and a movable part 21 of surface stud 2
- These rotary links R1 and R2 have been referred to as first and second rotary links, respectively, in the general part of this description.
- the length of the second segments 5 can be adapted with respect to the shape at rest, or reference shape, of the base wall 101, and to the attenuation rate which is desired for the acoustic wave emission.
- the sheet structure which has just been described locally provides the surface wall 102 with a curvature which is opposite to that of the base wall 101.
- all the second segments 5 have the same length, which can also be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
- the surface wall 102 can be provided with openings 102o (see [ Fig. 5 ]), so that the external medium can fill the gap between the base wall 101 and the surface wall 102. Then, the acoustic emission in the external medium results not only from the displacements of the surface wall 102, but also from those of the base wall 101 through the openings 102o. Acoustic interference results, which contributes to the attenuation.
- the openings 102o can be randomly distributed in the surface wall 102, and have respective random dimensions.
- [ Fig. 2 ] shows an example of the distribution of the base pads 1, the surface pads 2 and the intermediate nodes 3 parallel to the base wall 101, for the configuration of [ Fig. 1a ].
- the base pads 1 form an equilateral triangular network, and the surface pads 2 are superimposed on the base pads 1 in the direction D.
- the intermediate nodes 3 then also form an equilateral triangular network, which is interlaced with that of the base pads 1 in a projection of the networks on the base wall 101.
- Those skilled in the art will know how to transfer such a three-dimensional geometry with axial symmetry of order three to the configuration of [ Fig. 1b ].
- the intermediate nodes 3 form an equilateral triangular network which is superimposed on that of the base pads 1 in the direction D, and the surface pads 2 form another equilateral triangular network which is interlaced with that of the base pads 1 in a projection of the networks on the base wall 101.
- Other three-dimensional geometries can be adopted alternatively, in particular with axial symmetry of order four.
- Such sheet structures can be fabricated by three-dimensional printing, commonly referred to as 3D printing.
- each intermediate node 3 can be separated into a base part 3a and a top part 3b. Then a first lattice 40 can be manufactured, which groups together in a continuously connected network the base pads 1, the first segments 4 and the base parts 3a of the intermediate nodes 3. This first lattice 40 can be molded in a general shape which is flat, then shaped by bending at both ends of all the first segments 4.
- each movable part 21 of surface pad 2 can be separated into a base part 21a and a sliding part 21b, in addition to the separation of each surface pad 2 into a movable part 21 and a fixing part 22 as described below with reference to [ Fig. 4b ].
- a second lattice 50 can be manufactured, which groups together in another continuously connected network the top parts 3b of intermediate nodes 3, the second segments 5 and the base parts 21a of the mobile parts 21 of surface pads 2.
- This second lattice 50 can also be molded in a generally flat shape, then shaped by bending at both ends of all the second segments 5.
- a third trellis 60 can be manufactured, which groups together the fixing parts 22 of the surface studs 2 into one more another continuously connected network, with links 27 which are intermediate between neighboring fixing parts 22.
- the sheet structure can then be formed by assembling, for example by gluing or heat-sealing, the base parts 3a of intermediate nodes 3 of the first lattice 40 with the top parts 3b of intermediate nodes 3 of the second lattice 50, and by assembling the base parts 21a of the movable parts 21 of surface studs 2 of the second trellis 50 with complementary parts of surface studs 2, connected to the third trellis 60. mobile 21 of surface stud 2.
- each movable part 21 of a surface stud 2 must be movable relative to the fixing part 22 of the same surface stud 2, this fixing part 22 being rigidly fixed to the surface wall 2.
- Translation movements parallel to the base wall 101, or equivalently parallel to the surface wall 102, of each movable part 21 of surface pad 2 must be possible.
- Fig. 4a illustrates a first way of making such connections within each surface stud 2.
- the movable part 21 of each surface stud 2 can be connected by a respective rod 23 which is flexible in bending, to the fixing part 22 of the surface pad 2.
- a translation offset parallel to the surface wall 102, between the movable part 21 and the fixing part 22, is permitted by bending of the fig 23.
- a resistance against such an offset can be all the lower , to increase the acoustic attenuation efficiency, that the rod 23 is long and thin.
- the movable part 21 may have a recessed shape, relative to the ends of the second segments 5 and in the direction of the base wall 101, in order to limit a total thickness of the sheet structure.
- each second segment 5 is connected to the base part 21a of a mobile part 21 of the surface stud 2 by rotary links R2, and the base part 21a of the movable part 21 is associated with the fixing part 22 of the same surface pad 2 via a sliding part 21b of the movable part 21.
- the sliding part 21b provides a sliding connection with the fixing part 22.
- the sliding part 21b is rigidly connected to the base part 21a, and can comprise a neck-shaped extension 24 and a plate 25 which is carried by the extension 24.
- the fixing 22 then comprises a cavity 22a which is larger laterally than plate 25, and which has a depth greater than the thickness of the latter.
- all of the links 27 may be formed of two superimposed layers 27a and 27b, one of which, 27a, forms the cavities 22a, and the other 27b, forms the necks 22b.
- FIG. 6 shows a stack of two surface fittings 100 and 100', which may be identical.
- the references 1'-5' which relate to the surface seal 100' correspond respectively to the references 1-5 of the surface seal 100.
- the rotary links R1' and R2' of the surface seal 100' correspond to the rotary links R1 and R2 of the faceplate 100, and have been referred to as third and fourth rotary links, respectively, in the general part of this description.
- the surface wall 102 which is carried by the surface pads 2 of the surface lining 100, acts as a base wall for the surface lining 100'.
- the reference 102' designates a second deformable surface wall, which is in contact with the external environment in which acoustic waves are likely to propagate, and to which are fixed parts for fixing the surface studs 2'. Thanks to the cumulative deformations of the two surface linings 100 and 100', an acoustic attenuation efficiency which is greater can thus be obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows another type of embodiment of surface linings 100 which are also in accordance with the invention, and for each of which the sheet structure consists of a layer of an orthotropic material.
- This material has sliding planes PG which are parallel to the base wall 101.
- the surface wall 102 can be a flexible layer which is bonded to the layer of orthotropic material, for example a layer with an additional protective function, or else be directly formed by a surface of the layer of orthotropic material which is opposite to the base wall 101.
- [ Fig. 7 ] shows that a deformation of the base wall 101 which locally increases its convexity causes a thinning of the orthotropic material at this location between two sliding planes PG (see in the left and right parts of the figure).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Building Environments (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Description
La présente description concerne une garniture surfacique pour produire une atténuation acoustique, un procédé d'atténuation d'une émission acoustique, ainsi qu'un engin ou une installation qui est muni(e) de la garniture surfacique.The present description relates to a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation, a method of attenuating an acoustic emission, as well as a machine or an installation which is provided with the surface lining.
Dans de nombreux cas, des émissions acoustiques involontaires résultent de déformations par flexion de parois qui sont en contact avec des milieux où des ondes acoustiques peuvent se propager. C'est notamment de cette façon que des ondes acoustiques sont transmises à l'extérieur d'un aéronef par des portions de son fuselage, ou à l'intérieur de l'aéronef par des panneaux d'habillage internes ou des éléments de plancher. C'est aussi de cette façon que des ondes acoustiques sont transmises dans l'eau par la coque d'un navire ou d'un sous-marin. Ces émissions acoustiques involontaires provoquent une pollution sonore de l'environnement, et un inconfort pour des personnes qui s'y trouvent. Dans certains cas, notamment dans le cas d'un sous-marin, les émissions acoustiques involontaires qui sont produites par la coque dans l'eau peuvent nuire à la mission du sous-marin.In many cases, involuntary acoustic emissions result from deformations by bending of walls which are in contact with media where acoustic waves can propagate. It is in particular in this way that acoustic waves are transmitted to the exterior of an aircraft by portions of its fuselage, or to the interior of the aircraft by internal trim panels or floor elements. This is also how acoustic waves are transmitted through the water through the hull of a ship or submarine. These involuntary acoustic emissions cause noise pollution of the environment, and discomfort for people who are there. In some cases, especially in the case of a submarine, the unintentional acoustic emissions that are produced by the hull in the water can interfere with the mission of the submarine.
Une garniture surfacique pour produire une atténuation acoustique selon la préambule de la revendication 1 est connu, par example, par le document
Un but de la présente invention est alors d'atténuer de telles émissions acoustiques d'une façon qui soit efficace, peu onéreuse, et en provoquant une augmentation limitée du poids et de l'encombrement d'un engin ou d'une installation dont l'émission acoustique est atténuée.An object of the present invention is therefore to attenuate such acoustic emissions in a way that is effective, inexpensive, and by causing a limited increase in the weight and size of a machine or an installation whose acoustic emission is attenuated.
Selon l'invention, une garniture surfacique pour produire une atténuation acoustique comprend une structure en nappe déformable destinée à être insérée entre une paroi de base susceptible de devenir concave ou convexe dans des zones de cette paroi de base, et une paroi superficielle souple, en évitant des décollements de la structure en nappe par rapport à la paroi de base, et en évitant aussi des décollements de la paroi superficielle par rapport à la structure en nappe. Par exemple, la structure en nappe peut être destinée à être collée sur la paroi de base. De même, la paroi superficielle peut être destinée à être collée sur la structure en nappe. Alternativement, la paroi superficielle peut être directement une surface exposée de la structure en nappe. De façon générale, la paroi superficielle est destinée à être en contact avec le milieu où des ondes acoustiques peuvent se propager. La structure en nappe possède plusieurs directions d'orthotropie, chaque direction d'orthotropie étant associée à au moins une valeur respective de résistance à des cisaillements qui sont perpendiculaires à cette direction orthotropie. Alors, selon une caractéristique de l'invention, celle des directions d'orthotropie qui est associée à une valeur de résistance aux cisaillements plus faible que celle d'au moins une autre des directions d'orthotropie, est orientée perpendiculairement à la structure en nappe. De préférence, celle des directions d'orthotropie qui est associée à la valeur de résistance aux cisaillements la plus faible, par rapport à toutes les autres valeurs de résistance aux cisaillements des autres directions d'orthotropie, est orientée perpendiculairement à la structure en nappe.According to the invention, a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation comprises a deformable sheet structure intended to be inserted between a base wall capable of becoming concave or convex in areas of this base wall, and a flexible surface wall, avoiding detachments of the sheet structure relative to the base wall, and also avoiding detachments of the surface wall relative to the structure in tablecloth. For example, the sheet structure may be intended to be glued to the base wall. Similarly, the surface wall may be intended to be bonded to the sheet structure. Alternatively, the surface wall can directly be an exposed surface of the sheet structure. Generally, the surface wall is intended to be in contact with the medium where acoustic waves can propagate. The sheet structure has several orthotropic directions, each orthotropic direction being associated with at least one respective shear strength value which is perpendicular to this orthotropic direction. Then, according to one characteristic of the invention, that of the orthotropic directions which is associated with a lower shear strength value than that of at least one other of the orthotropic directions, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure . Preferably, that of the orthotropic directions which is associated with the lowest shear strength value, relative to all the other shear strength values of the other orthotropic directions, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure.
Une telle garniture surfacique possède une efficacité d'atténuation acoustique d'autant plus grande qu'elle présente une résistance faible aux cisaillements qui sont parallèles à la paroi de base. En effet, des variations d'épaisseur de la structure en nappe perpendiculairement à la paroi de base, qui sont provoquées par des variations de convexité ou de concavité de cette paroi de base, atténuent l'émission acoustique qui est produite par les variations de convexité ou de concavité de la paroi de base. Or ces variations d'épaisseur de la structure en nappe sont favorisées par des glissements qui sont internes à la structure en nappe et qui sont parallèles à la paroi de base.Such a surface lining has an acoustic attenuation efficiency that is all the greater since it has a low resistance to shearing which is parallel to the base wall. Indeed, variations in thickness of the sheet structure perpendicular to the base wall, which are caused by variations in convexity or concavity of this base wall, attenuate the acoustic emission which is produced by the variations in convexity or base wall concavity. However, these variations in thickness of the sheet structure are favored by shifts which are internal to the sheet structure and which are parallel to the base wall.
De plus la structure en nappe déformable selon la revendication 1 comprend :
- un ensemble de plots de base destinés à être fixés sur la paroi de base, à des emplacements qui sont répartis régulièrement sur cette paroi de base ;
- un ensemble de plots superficiels, comprenant chacun une partie de fixation destinée à être fixée à la paroi superficielle, et une partie mobile, qui sont connectées l'une à l'autre de façon à permettre des déplacements de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation parallèlement à la nappe ;
- un ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires ;
- un ensemble de premiers segments rigides et identiques, chaque premier segment s'étendant à partir de l'un des plots de base, jusqu'à un des nœuds intermédiaires, de sorte que tous les nœuds intermédiaires soient maintenus à distance de la paroi de base lorsque les plots de base sont fixés sur la paroi de base, et de sorte que les premiers segments produisent une augmentation d'un écart entre deux nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins dans une zone où la paroi de base est déformée pour augmenter sa convexité, et produisent une diminution du même écart lorsque la paroi de base est déformée pour augmenter sa concavité dans la zone ; et
- un ensemble de seconds segments rigides et identiques, ces seconds segments étant répartis en groupes de sorte que les seconds segments d'un même groupe connectent des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins à la partie mobile d'un même plot superficiel qui est dédié à ce groupe, chaque second segment étant connecté d'une part à l'un des nœuds intermédiaires de façon à former une première liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe avec un des premiers segments qui s'étend jusqu'à ce nœud intermédiaire, et connecté d'autre part à la partie mobile de l'un des plots superficiels de façon à former avec cette partie mobile de plot superficiel, une seconde liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe, de sorte que lorsque l'écart entre des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins augmente, le plot superficiel du groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, se rapproche de la paroi de base, et lorsque l'écart entre les nœuds intermédiaires voisins diminue, le plot superficiel du groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, s'éloigne de la paroi de base.
- a set of base pads intended to be fixed on the base wall, at locations which are regularly distributed on this base wall;
- a set of surface pads, each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to the surface wall, and a movable part, which are connected to each other so as to allow movement of the movable part relative to the fixing part parallel to the web;
- a set of intermediate nodes;
- a set of identical rigid first segments, each first segment extending from one of the base pads to one of the intermediate nodes, such that all intermediate nodes are kept clear of the base wall when the base studs are fixed on the base wall, and so that the first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes which are neighbors in an area where the base wall is deformed to increase its convexity, and produce a decrease in the same gap when the base wall is deformed to increase its concavity in the area; and
- a set of second rigid and identical segments, these second segments being divided into groups so that the second segments of the same group connect intermediate nodes which are neighbors to the mobile part of the same surface pad which is dedicated to this group , each second segment being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes so as to form a first rotary connection with an axis parallel to the sheet with one of the first segments which extends as far as this intermediate node, and connected d on the other hand to the mobile part of one of the surface studs so as to form with this mobile part of the surface stud, a second rotary connection with an axis parallel to the sheet, so that when the gap between intermediate nodes which are neighbors increases, the superficial stud of the group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, approaches the base wall, and when the gap between the neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, the supe stud rficial of the group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, moves away from the base wall.
Ainsi, la garniture surfacique de l'invention est constituée d'une structure qui est essentiellement creuse. Son poids peut donc être particulièrement réduit. En outre, son épaisseur peut être faible, inférieure à cinq centimètres, voire inférieure à deux centimètres, par exemple. Enfin, une telle garniture surfacique peut être aisément fabriquée par un procédé de production par addition de matière, tel qu'un procédé d'impression tridimensionnelle. Alternativement, elle peut être fabriquée par moulage de parties de la structure en nappe, puis assemblage des parties moulées entre elles.Thus, the surface lining of the invention consists of a structure which is essentially hollow. Its weight can therefore be particularly reduced. In addition, its thickness may be small, less than five centimeters, or even less than two centimeters, for example. Finally, such a surface lining can be easily manufactured by a production process by adding material, such as a process three-dimensional printing. Alternatively, it can be manufactured by molding parts of the sheet structure, then assembling the molded parts together.
Dans des premières réalisations possibles de l'invention, chaque plot de base peut être adapté pour connecter plusieurs premiers segments à la paroi de base, de façon répartie angulairement autour d'une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la nappe en passant par le plot de base. Alors, deux plots de base quelconques qui sont voisins sont connectés par deux des premiers segments à un même des nœuds intermédiaires, ce nœud intermédiaire variant entre des paires différentes de plots de base voisins.In first possible embodiments of the invention, each base pad can be adapted to connect several first segments to the base wall, in an angularly distributed manner around a direction which is perpendicular to the sheet passing through the base pad. . Then, any two base pads which are neighbors are connected by two of the first segments to one and the same intermediate nodes, this intermediate node varying between different pairs of neighboring base pads.
Dans des secondes réalisations possibles de l'invention, chaque plot de base peut être adapté pour connecter rigidement un des premiers segments à la paroi de base, de sorte que ce premier segment reste perpendiculaire à la paroi de base à l'endroit du plot de base.In second possible embodiments of the invention, each base pad can be adapted to rigidly connect one of the first segments to the base wall, so that this first segment remains perpendicular to the base wall at the location of the base.
De préférence, pour augmenter l'efficacité d'atténuation acoustique, chaque premier segment qui connecte un des plots de base à un des nœuds intermédiaires peut être plus long que chaque second segment qui connecte un des nœuds intermédiaires à un des plots superficiels.Preferably, to increase the acoustic attenuation efficiency, each first segment which connects one of the base pads to one of the intermediate nodes can be longer than each second segment which connects one of the intermediate nodes to one of the surface pads.
Dans des modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention, l'une au moins des caractéristiques additionnelles suivantes peut être reproduite optionnellement, seule ou en combinaison de plusieurs d'entre elles :
- les plots de base peuvent être répartis selon un premier réseau triangulaire équilatéral, les nœuds intermédiaires selon un second réseau triangulaire équilatéral, et les plots superficiels selon un troisième réseau hexagonal. Dans ce cas, les second et troisième réseaux triangulaires équilatéraux peuvent être décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre, parallèlement à la nappe, de façon à former en superposition selon une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la nappe, un réseau hexagonal régulier. Le premier réseau triangulaire peut alors être superposé au second réseau triangulaire ou au troisième réseau triangulaire selon la direction perpendiculaire à la nappe ;
- au sein de chaque plot superficiel, la partie mobile peut être reliée à partie de fixation par une tige qui est orientée perpendiculairement à la nappe, et qui est adaptée pour se déformer par flexion. Alternativement, la partie mobile de chaque plot superficiel peut être pourvue d'une extension rigide en forme de cou qui supporte un plateau orienté parallèlement à la nappe. Dans ce dernier cas, la partie de fixation du plot superficiel peut être pourvue d'une ouverture qui est parallèle à la nappe et qui est traversée par le cou, l'ouverture possédant des dimensions qui sont intermédiaires entre celles de section transversale du cou et celles du plateau mesurées parallèlement à la nappe ;
- les plots de base d'une part, et les plots superficiels d'autre part, peuvent être répartis avec des densités moyennes respectives qui sont comprises entre un plot par 4 cm2 et un plot par 225 cm2, ces densités étant mesurées parallèlement à la nappe ; et
- la garniture peut comprendre en outre la paroi superficielle sur laquelle sont fixées les parties de fixation des plots superficiels. Dans ce cas, cette paroi superficielle peut comporter des ouvertures qui sont adaptées pour former chacune un passage pour un fluide, notamment pour de l'air ou de l'eau, entre deux côtés opposés de la paroi superficielle. Avantageusement, ces ouvertures peuvent avoir des tailles et/ou des formes et/ou des positions dans la paroi superficielle qui sont irrégulières ou aléatoires.
- the base pads can be distributed according to a first equilateral triangular network, the intermediate nodes according to a second equilateral triangular network, and the surface pads according to a third hexagonal network. In this case, the second and third equilateral triangular networks can be offset with respect to each other, parallel to the sheet, so as to form superimposed in a direction which is perpendicular to the sheet, a regular hexagonal network. The first triangular network can then be superimposed on the second triangular network or on the third triangular network in the direction perpendicular to the layer;
- within each surface pad, the movable part can be connected to the fixing part by a rod which is oriented perpendicular to the web, and which is adapted to deform by bending. Alternatively, the mobile part of each surface stud can be provided with a rigid extension in the form of a neck which supports a plate oriented parallel to the sheet. In the latter case, the fixing part of the surface pad can be provided with an opening which is parallel to the sheet and which is crossed by the neck, the opening having dimensions which are intermediate between those of the cross section of the neck and those of the plateau measured parallel to the water table;
- the base plots on the one hand, and the superficial plots on the other hand, can be distributed with respective average densities which are between one plot per 4 cm 2 and one plot per 225 cm 2 , these densities being measured parallel to the tablecloth ; and
- the lining may also comprise the surface wall on which the fixing parts of the surface studs are fixed. In this case, this surface wall may comprise openings which are each adapted to form a passage for a fluid, in particular for air or water, between two opposite sides of the surface wall. Advantageously, these openings can have sizes and/or shapes and/or positions in the surface wall which are irregular or random.
Selon une constitution possible de la structure en nappe, avantageuse pour en simplifier la fabrication, les premiers segments peuvent être continus de matière avec les plots de base et avec des parties de base des nœuds intermédiaires, pour constituer ensemble un premier treillis qui est déformable par pliage au niveau de chaque connexion entre l'un des premiers segments et l'un des plots de base, et au niveau de chaque connexion entre l'un des premiers segments et l'une des parties de base de nœuds intermédiaires. De même, les seconds segments peuvent être continus de matière avec des parties de base des parties mobiles des plots superficiels et avec des parties de sommet des nœuds intermédiaires, pour constituer ensemble un deuxième treillis qui est déformable par pliage au niveau de chaque connexion entre l'un des seconds segments et l'une des parties de base de parties mobiles de plots superficiels, et au niveau de chaque connexion entre l'un des seconds segments et l'une des parties de sommet de nœuds intermédiaires. Alors, les parties de base des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont contenues dans le premier treillis peuvent être connectées une-à-une rigidement aux parties de sommet des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont contenues dans le deuxième treillis. Pour une telle constitution de la structure en nappe, les parties de fixation des plots superficiels peuvent être connectées par ailleurs entre elles par des liaisons de façon à former un troisième treillis qui est destiné à être fixé sur la paroi superficielle, ou de façon à former la paroi superficielle.According to a possible constitution of the sheet structure, advantageous for simplifying its manufacture, the first segments can be continuous in material with the base pads and with base parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a first lattice which is deformable by bending at each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base pads, and at each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base portions of intermediate nodes. Similarly, the second segments can be continuous in material with base parts of the mobile parts of the surface pads and with top parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a second lattice which is deformable by bending at each connection between the one of the second segments and one of the base parts of mobile parts of surface pads, and at each connection between one of the second segments and one of the top parts of intermediate nodes. Then, the base parts of the intermediate nodes which are contained in the first lattice can be connected one-to-one rigidly to the top parts of the intermediate nodes which are contained in the second lattice. For such a constitution of the sheet structure, the fixing parts of the surface pads can also be connected to each other by links so as to form a third mesh which is intended to be fixed on the surface wall, or so as to form the surface wall.
Enfin, pour obtenir une atténuation acoustique qui est renforcée, la garniture peut comprendre deux structures en nappes chacune conforme à l'invention, qui sont superposées. Alors, la paroi superficielle de celles des deux structures en nappes qui est contigüe à la paroi de base fait fonction de paroi de base pour l'autre structure en nappe. Dans ce cas, la garniture comprend en outre une seconde structure en nappe déformable, qui est disposée d'un côté de la paroi superficielle opposée à la première structure en nappe déformable, et qui comprend :
- un second ensemble de plots de base fixés sur la paroi superficielle, à des emplacements qui sont répartis régulièrement sur la paroi superficielle ;
- un second ensemble de plots superficiels, comprenant chacun une partie de fixation destinée à être fixée à une seconde paroi superficielle, et une partie mobile, qui sont connectées l'une à l'autre de façon à permettre des déplacements de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation parallèlement à la nappe de seconde structure en nappe ;
- un second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires ;
- un second ensemble de premiers segments rigides et identiques, chaque premier segment du second ensemble de premiers segments s'étendant à partir de l'un des plots de base du second ensemble de plots de base, jusqu'à un des nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires, de sorte que tous les nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires soient maintenus à distance de la paroi superficielle, et de sorte que les premiers segments du second ensemble de premiers segments produisent une augmentation d'un écart entre deux nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires, qui sont voisins dans une zone où la paroi superficielle est déformée pour augmenter sa convexité, et produisent une diminution de cet écart lorsque la paroi superficielle est déformée pour augmenter sa concavité dans la zone ;
- un second ensemble de seconds segments rigides et identiques, ces seconds segments étant répartis en seconds groupes de sorte que les seconds segments d'un même second groupe connectent des nœuds intermédiaires voisins du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires à la partie mobile d'un même plot superficiel du second ensemble de plots superficiels, qui est dédié au second groupe, chaque second segment du second ensemble de seconds segments étant connecté d'une part à l'un des nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires de façon à former une troisième liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe avec chaque premier segment du second ensemble de premiers segments qui s'étend jusqu'à ce nœud intermédiaire, et connecté d'autre part à la partie mobile de l'un des plots superficiels du second ensemble de plots superficiels de façon à former avec cette partie mobile du plot superficiel, une quatrième liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe, de sorte que lorsque l'écart entre des nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins, augmente, le plot superficiel du second groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, se rapproche de la paroi superficielle, et lorsque l'écart entre les nœuds intermédiaires voisins diminue, le plot superficiel du second groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, s'éloigne de la paroi superficielle ;
- optionnellement, une seconde paroi superficielle, sur laquelle sont fixées les parties de fixation des plots superficiels du second ensemble de plots superficiels.
- a second set of base studs fixed to the surface wall, at locations which are regularly distributed over the surface wall;
- a second set of surface pads, each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to a second surface wall, and a movable part, which are connected to each other so as to allow movements of the movable part relative at the attachment portion parallel to the web of second web structure;
- a second set of intermediate nodes;
- a second set of rigid and identical first segments, each first segment of the second set of first segments extending from one of the base pads of the second set of base pads, to one of the intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes, such that all intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes are maintained at a distance from the surface wall, and such that the first segments of the second set of first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes the second set of intermediate nodes, which are neighbors in a zone where the surface wall is deformed to increase its convexity, and produce a decrease in this gap when the surface wall is deformed to increase its concavity in the zone;
- a second set of second rigid and identical segments, these second segments being divided into second groups so that the second segments of the same second group connect neighboring intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes to the mobile part of the same surface stud of the second set of surface studs, which is dedicated to the second group, each second segment of the second set of second segments being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes so as to form a third rotary connection with an axis parallel to the sheet with each first segment of the second set of first segments which extends as far as this intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the mobile part of one of the surface studs of the second set of surface studs so as to form with this movable part of the surface stud, a fourth rotary connection with an axis parallel to the web, so that when the gap between intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes which are neighbors, increases, the surface plot of the second group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, approaches the surface wall ielle, and when the gap between the neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, the surface stud of the second group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, moves away from the surface wall;
- optionally, a second surface wall, on which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs of the second set of surface studs.
Un deuxième aspect de l'invention propose un procédé d'atténuation d'une émission acoustique qui est provoquée par une déformation en flexion d'une paroi de base. Ce procédé comprend une étape de fixation sur la paroi de base, d'une garniture surfacique qui est conforme au premier aspect de l'invention. En outre, lorsque la garniture surfacique ne comprend ou n'incorpore pas initialement la paroi superficielle, le procédé peut comprendre aussi une étape de fixation de la paroi superficielle sur la structure en nappe, le cas échéant sur les parties de fixation des plots superficiels de la structure en nappe.A second aspect of the invention proposes a method for attenuating an acoustic emission which is caused by a bending deformation of a base wall. This method comprises a step of fixing on the base wall, a surface lining which is in accordance with the first aspect of the invention. In addition, when the surface lining does not initially include or incorporate the surface wall, the method may also include a step of fixing the surface wall to the sheet structure, where appropriate to the fixing parts of the surface studs of the sheet structure.
Enfin, un troisième aspect de l'invention propose un engin ou une installation qui est susceptible de produire une émission acoustique par déformation en flexion d'une paroi de cet engin ou installation, cette paroi étant munie d'une garniture surfacique conforme au premier aspect de l'invention, et faisant fonction de paroi de base pour cette garniture. Un tel engin ou installation peut être une portion d'un mur d'isolation phonique, notamment une portion d'un mur routier d'isolation phonique, une cloison de salle de concert ou d'entraînement musical, une cloison d'un compartiment à moteur ou de traitement aéraulique, une canalisation, un aéronef, un navire ou un sous-marin. Dans le cas d'un aéronef, la paroi concernée de l'engin peut être une portion d'une structure de l'aéronef, une portion de plancher de l'aéronef ou un panneau d'habillage intérieur d'une cabine de l'aéronef. Dans le cas d'un navire ou d'un sous-marin, la paroi concernée de l'engin peut être une portion de coque du navire ou du sous-marin, une portion de plancher ou une cloison du navire ou du sous-marin.Finally, a third aspect of the invention proposes a machine or an installation which is capable of producing an acoustic emission by deformation in bending of a wall of this machine or installation, this wall being provided with a surface lining in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, and acting as a base wall for this trim. Such a device or installation may be a portion of a soundproofing wall, in particular a portion of a soundproofing road wall, a room partition concert or musical training, a bulkhead of an engine or air treatment compartment, a pipeline, an aircraft, a ship or a submarine. In the case of an aircraft, the relevant wall of the machine can be a portion of a structure of the aircraft, a portion of the floor of the aircraft or an interior trim panel of a cabin of the aircraft. In the case of a ship or a submarine, the relevant wall of the craft may be a portion of the hull of the ship or of the submarine, a portion of the floor or a partition of the ship or of the submarine. .
Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description détaillée ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non-limitatifs, en référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :
- [
Fig. 1a ] est une section transversale d'une garniture surfacique conforme à l'invention, selon une première configuration possible ; - [
Fig. 1b ] correspond à [Fig. 1a ] pour une seconde configuration possible ; - [
Fig. 2 ] est une vue en perspective d'une variante possible pour la garniture surfacique de [Fig. 1a ]; - [
Fig. 3 ] est une section transversale qui illustre une constitution possible d'une garniture surfacique conforme à l'invention ; - [
Fig. 4a ] est un agrandissement de section transversale pour une partie d'une garniture surfacique qui est conforme à l'invention, selon un premier mode de réalisation de cette partie de garniture ; - [
Fig. 4b ] correspond à [Fig. 4a ] pour une second mode de réalisation de la partie de garniture surfacique ; - [
Fig. 5 ] est une vue en perspective d'une paroi superficielle pouvant être utilisée pour une garniture surfacique conforme à l'invention ; - [
Fig. 6 ] illustre un perfectionnement de l'invention ; et - [
Fig. 7 ] correspond à [Fig. 1a ] pour d'autres constitutions possibles de garnitures surfaciques conformes à l'invention.
- [
Fig. 1a ] is a cross section of a surface lining according to the invention, according to a first possible configuration; - [
Fig. 1b ] correspond to [Fig. 1a ] for a second possible configuration; - [
Fig. 2 ] is a perspective view of a possible variant for the surface trim of [Fig. 1a ]; - [
Fig. 3 ] is a cross section which illustrates a possible construction of a surface lining according to the invention; - [
Fig. 4a ] is an enlargement of the cross-section for a part of a surface lining which is in accordance with the invention, according to a first embodiment of this part of the lining; - [
Fig. 4b ] correspond to [Fig. 4a ] for a second embodiment of the surface trim part; - [
Fig. 5 ] is a perspective view of a surface wall that can be used for a surface lining according to the invention; - [
Fig. 6 ] illustrates an improvement of the invention; and - [
Fig. 7 ] correspond to [Fig. 1a ] for other possible constitutions of surface linings according to the invention.
Pour raison de clarté, les dimensions des éléments qui sont représentés dans ces figures ne correspondent ni à des dimensions réelles, ni à des rapports de dimensions réels. En outre, des références identiques qui sont indiquées dans des figures différentes désignent des éléments identiques ou qui ont des fonctions identiques.For reasons of clarity, the dimensions of the elements that are represented in these figures correspond neither to actual dimensions nor to actual ratios of dimensions. Furthermore, identical references which are indicated in different figures designate elements which are identical or which have identical functions.
Dans les figures, la référence 100 désigne une garniture surfacique à appliquer sur une paroi de base 101, d'un côté de cette paroi qui est en contact avec un milieu dans lequel une onde acoustique non-désirée est susceptible de se propager. La garniture surfacique 100 comprend une structure en nappe, qui est déformable et, selon les applications, elle peut inclure ou non une paroi superficielle souple 102, étant entendu que lorsque cette paroi superficielle 102 n'est pas initialement incluse dans la garniture 100, elle doit être ajoutée ultérieurement à la structure en nappe déformable pour obtenir la fonction d'atténuation acoustique. En liaison avec la nomenclature utilisée dans la partie générale de la présente description, les références indiquées dans les figures ont les significations suivantes :
- 110 : engin ou installation, dont une paroi est munie de la garniture surfacique 100, et fait office de paroi de
base 101 ; - 1 : plot de base, qui est destiné à être fixé, par exemple par collage ou thermo-soudure, à la paroi de
base 101 ; - 2 : plot superficiel ;
- 22 : partie de fixation
d'un plot superficiel 2, qui est destinée à être fixée, par exemple par collage ou thermo-soudure, à la paroi superficielle 102 ; - 21 : partie mobile
d'un plot superficiel 2, qui est assemblée avec une partie defixation 22 de sorte que cette partie mobile puisse se déplacer librement ou quasi-librement par rapport à la partie de fixation selon des translations qui sont parallèles à la paroi superficielle 102 ; - 23 : tige de flexion, qui relie la partie mobile 21 à la partie de
fixation 22 dans chaqueplot superficiel 2 pour le mode de réalisation de [Fig. 4a ] ; - 21a ; 21b : partie de base et partie glissante, respectivement, de chaque partie mobile 21 pour le mode de réalisation de [
Fig. 4b ] ; - 24, 25 : extension et plateau, respectivement de chaque partie glissante 21b pour le mode de réalisation de [
Fig. 4b ] ; - 27 : liaison connectant plusieurs parties de
fixation 22 de plots superficiels 2 ; - 3 : nœud intermédiaire ;
- 3a, 3b : partie de base et partie de sommet, respectivement, de chaque nœud intermédiaire 3 pour la constitution de la structure en
nappe 100 de [Fig. 3 ] ; - 4 : premiers segments rigides, identiques les uns aux autres ;
- 5 : seconds segments rigides, identiques les uns aux autres ;
- 40, 50, 60 : premier, deuxième et troisième treillis, respectivement ; et
- 102o : ouverture dans la paroi superficielle 102.
- 110: machine or installation, one wall of which is fitted with the surface lining 100, and acts as the
base wall 101; - 1: base stud, which is intended to be fixed, for example by gluing or heat-sealing, to the
base wall 101; - 2: superficial plot;
- 22: fixing part of a
surface pad 2, which is intended to be fixed, for example by gluing or heat-welding, to thesurface wall 102; - 21: movable part of a
surface stud 2, which is assembled with a fixingpart 22 so that this movable part can move freely or almost freely relative to the fixing part according to translations which are parallel to the wall superficial 102; - 23: bending rod, which connects the
movable part 21 to the fixingpart 22 in eachsurface stud 2 for the embodiment of [Fig. 4a ]; - 21a; 21b: base part and sliding part, respectively, of each
movable part 21 for the embodiment of [Fig. 4b ]; - 24, 25: extension and plate, respectively of each sliding
part 21b for the embodiment of [Fig. 4b ]; - 27: link connecting several fixing
parts 22 ofsurface studs 2; - 3: intermediate node;
- 3a, 3b: base part and top part, respectively, of each
intermediate node 3 for the constitution of thesheet structure 100 of [Fig. 3 ]; - 4: first rigid segments, identical to each other;
- 5: second rigid segments, identical to each other;
- 40, 50, 60: first, second and third lattice, respectively; and
- 102o: opening in the
superficial wall 102.
L'engin 110 peut être un sous-marin, à titre d'exemple non-limitatif. Dans ce cas, la paroi de base 101 peut être constituée par une partie au moins d'une coque du sous-marin. La garniture surfacique 100 est alors appliquée sur la face externe de la coque, pour que la paroi superficielle 102 soit en contact avec l'eau externe au sous-marin.The
De façon générale, la paroi superficielle 102 est portée par les plots superficiels 2 à distance de la paroi de base 101. Elle présente un compromis de souplesse et de rigidité qui est adapté pour que cette paroi superficielle 102 suive localement les déplacements des plots superficiels 2 perpendiculairement à la paroi de base 101, aux endroits de fixation des plots superficiels 2 sur la paroi superficielle 102, mais aussi pour suivre ces déplacements entre les endroits des plots superficiels 2, par effet d'entraînement. Par exemple, la paroi superficielle 102 peut être une feuille mince métallique, d'épaisseur inférieure à 0,3 mm (millimètre).In general, the
La paroi de base 101 est susceptible de transmettre des ondes acoustiques au milieu extérieur, l'eau de mer dans le cas de la coque d'un sous-marin, par des vibrations en flexion de cette paroi de base. Ainsi, elle devient localement plus convexe dans certaines zones, alors qu'elle devient localement plus concave dans des zones voisines, comme représenté dans [
Chaque premier segment 4 est issu d'un plot de base 1, et les plots de base 1 sont tels que l'orientation de chaque premier segment 4 par rapport à la paroi de base 101 est constante, ou sensiblement constante. Autrement dit, lorsque les plots de base 1 sont fixés sur la paroi de base 101, l'orientation de chaque premier segment 4 par rapport à la paroi de base 101 à l'endroit du plot de base correspondant n'est pas destinée à varier, au moins au premier ordre. La référence D dans [
Ainsi, lorsque la paroi de base 101 se déforme en flexion pour devenir localement plus convexe dans une zone, les nœuds intermédiaires 3 s'écartent entre nœuds voisins dans cette zone, comme cela apparaît aux deux côtés gauche et droit de [
Des seconds segments 5 relient les nœuds intermédiaires 3 qui sont voisins, avec une première extrémité de chaque second segment 5 qui est connectée à l'un des nœuds intermédiaires 3, et une seconde extrémité de chaque second segment 5 qui est connectée à la seconde extrémité de l'autre second segment par l'intermédiaire d'un des plots superficiels 2. Les connexions aux deux extrémités de chaque second segment 5 ont un degré de liberté de déformation par rotation, et sont conçues pour présenter une faible résistance de déformation. L'axe de déformation par rotation de chaque connexion est localement parallèle à la paroi de base 101, à l'ordre un. Par exemple, chaque connexion d'extrémité d'un des seconds segments 5 peut être réalisée par un amincissement local ou une languette flexible de liaison. Chaque connexion entre seconds segments qui est opposée aux nœuds intermédiaires 3 est reliée en outre à un plot superficiel 2. Ceux des seconds segments 5 qui aboutissent à un même des plots superficiels 2 forment un groupe de seconds segments, tel qu'introduit dans la partie générale de la présente description. Un tel groupe peut contenir un nombre variable de seconds segments 5, par exemple trois, quatre ou six seconds segments, en fonction de la géométrie tridimensionnelle de la structure en nappe. Ainsi, les premiers segments 4 forment avec les seconds segments 5 des polygones ou des polyèdres déformables, dont les côtés ont des longueurs fixes, et dont les sommets opposés sont les plots de base 1 et les plots superficiels 2, et les sommets intermédiaires sont les nœuds intermédiaires 3. En conséquence, lorsque les nœuds intermédiaires 3 s'écartent les uns des autres dans une zone de la paroi de base 101, la distance d'espacement entre la paroi de base 101 et les plots superficiels 2 diminue dans cette zone, et à l'inverse, lorsque les nœuds intermédiaires 3 se rapprochent les uns des autres dans une zone de la paroi de base 101, la distance d'espacement entre la paroi de base 101 et les plots superficiels 2 augmente dans cette zone. Ainsi, une déformation de la paroi de base 101 qui augmente sa convexité à un instant donné est transmise à la paroi superficielle 102 avec une augmentation de convexité qui est réduite par rapport à la paroi de base au même instant. De même, une déformation de la paroi de base 101 qui augmente sa concavité à un instant donné est transmise à la paroi superficielle 102 avec une augmentation de concavité qui est réduite par rapport à la paroi de base au même instant. Les vibrations de la paroi de base 101 en contact avec le milieu extérieur étant remplacées par celles de la paroi superficielle 102, l'émission acoustique qui est produite par ces vibrations dans le milieu extérieur est réduite en amplitude.
Dans [
La longueur des seconds segments 5 peut être adaptée par rapport à la forme au repos, ou forme de référence, de la paroi de base 101, et au taux d'atténuation qui est voulu pour l'émission d'onde acoustique. Notamment, lorsque la paroi de base 101 est plane au repos, et que les seconds segments 5 ont des longueurs qui sont égales à celles des premiers segments 4, la structure en nappe qui vient d'être décrite procure localement à la paroi superficielle 102 une courbure qui est opposée à celle de la paroi de base 101. De façon générale, tous les seconds segments 5 ont une même longueur, qui peut aussi être comprise entre quelques millimètres et quelques centimètres.The length of the
Avantageusement, la paroi superficielle 102 peut être pourvue d'ouvertures 102o (voir [
[
De telles structures en nappes peuvent être fabriquées par impression tridimensionnelle, couramment désignée par impression 3D.Such sheet structures can be fabricated by three-dimensional printing, commonly referred to as 3D printing.
[
Pour permettre un fonctionnement d'atténuation acoustique, chaque partie mobile 21 d'un plot superficiel 2 doit être mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation 22 du même plot superficiel 2, cette partie de fixation 22 étant fixée rigidement à la paroi superficielle 2. Des mouvements de translation parallèlement à la paroi de base 101, ou de façon équivalente parallèlement à la paroi superficielle 102, de chaque partie mobile 21 de plot superficiel 2 doivent être possibles. [
[
[
Enfin, [
Il est entendu que l'invention peut être reproduite en modifiant des aspects secondaires des modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits en détail ci-dessus, tout en conservant certains au moins des avantages cités. Notamment, toutes les valeurs numériques qui ont été citées ne l'ont été qu'à titre d'illustration, et peuvent être changées en fonction de l'application considérée.It is understood that the invention can be reproduced by modifying secondary aspects of the embodiments which have been described in detail above, while retaining at least some of the advantages cited. In particular, all the numerical values that have been cited have been cited for illustration purposes only, and may be changed depending on the application considered.
Claims (14)
- A surface trim element (100) for producing an acoustic attenuation, comprising a deformable sheet structure intended to be inserted between a base wall (101) capable of becoming concave or convex in areas of said base wall, and a flexible superficial wall (102), while avoiding detachments of the sheet structure relative to the base wall, and also avoiding detachments of the superficial wall relative to the sheet structure,said sheet structure having several directions of orthotropy, each direction of orthotropy being associated with at least one respective shear strength value against shears which are perpendicular to said direction of orthotropy,one of the directions of orthotropy which is associated with a shear strength value lower than the shear strength value of at least one another of the directions of orthotropy, being oriented perpendicularly to the sheet structure,characterized in that the deformable sheet structure comprises:- a set of base pads (1) intended to be fixed to the base wall (101), at locations which are regularly distributed over said base wall;- a set of superficial pads (2), each comprising an attachment part (22) intended to be fixed to the superficial wall (102), and a movable part (21), which are connected to each other so as to allow movements of the movable part relative to the attachment part parallel to the sheet;- a set of intermediate nodes (3);- a set of rigid and identical first segments (4), each first segment extending from one of the base pads (1) to one of the intermediate nodes (3), such that all the intermediate nodes are kept at a distance from the base wall (101) when the base pads are fixed to said base wall, and such that the first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes which are neighbors in an area where the base wall is deformed to increase a convexity of said base wall, and produce a decrease in said gap when said base wall is deformed to increase a concavity of said base wall in said area; and- a set of second rigid and identical segments (5), said second segments being divided into groups such that the second segments of a same group connect intermediate nodes (3) which are neighbors to the movable part (21) of a same superficial pad (2) which is dedicated to said group, each second segment being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes so as to form a first rotating connection (R1), having its axis parallel to the sheet, with each first segment which extends to said intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the movable part of one of the superficial pads so as to form a second rotating connection (R2), having its axis parallel to the sheet, with said movable part of the superficial pad, such that when the gap increases between intermediate nodes which are neighbors, the superficial pad of the group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes moves towards the base wall (101), and when said gap between neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, said superficial pad of the group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes moves away from the base wall.
- The surface trim element (100) of claim 1, wherein each base pad (1) is adapted to connect several first segments (4) to the base wall (101), in a manner angularly distributed around a direction (D) which is perpendicular to the sheet while passing through the base pad, and wherein any two base pads which are neighbors are connected by two of the first segments to a same one of the intermediate nodes (3), said intermediate node varying between different pairs of neighboring base pads.
- The surface trim element (100) of claim 1, wherein each base pad (1) is adapted to rigidly connect one of the first segments (4) to the base wall (101), such that said first segment remains perpendicular to said base wall at said base pad.
- The surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each first segment (4) which connects one of the base pads (1) to one of the intermediate nodes (3) is longer than each second segment (5) which connects one of the intermediate nodes to one of the superficial pads (2).
- The surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base pads (1) are distributed according to a first equilateral triangular grid, the intermediate nodes (3) are distributed according to a second equilateral triangular grid, and the superficial pads (2) are distributed according to a third hexagonal grid,the second and third equilateral triangular grids being offset relative to each other parallel to the sheet, so as to form a regular hexagonal grid in superimposition in a direction (D) perpendicular to the sheet, andthe first triangular grid being superimposed on the second triangular grid or on the third triangular grid in the direction perpendicular to the sheet.
- The surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, within each superficial pad (2), the movable part (21) is connected to the attachment part (22) by a rod (23) which is oriented perpendicularly to the sheet, and which is adapted to deform by bending.
- The surface trim element (100) of one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, within each superficial pad (2), the movable part (21) is provided with a rigid neck-shaped extension (24) which supports a plate (25) oriented parallel to the sheet, and the attachment part (22) is provided with an opening (26) which is parallel to the sheet and through which the neck passes, and said opening has dimensions that are in between the cross-sectional dimensions of the neck and the dimensions of the plate measured parallel to the sheet.
- The surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first segments (4) are integral with the base pads (1) and with the base parts (3a) of the intermediate nodes (3), and together constitute a first lattice (40) which is deformable by folding at each connection between one of said first segments and one of said base pads,and at each connection between one of said first segments and one of said base parts of the intermediate nodes,and wherein the second segments (5) are integral with base parts (21a) of the movable parts (21) of the superficial pads (2) and with top parts (3b) of the intermediate nodes (3), and together constitute a second lattice (50) which is deformable by folding at each connection between one of said second segments and one of the base parts of the movable parts of the superficial pads, and at each connection between one of said second segments and one of said top parts of the intermediate nodes,the base parts (3a) of the intermediate nodes (3) contained in the first lattice (40) being rigidly connected one-to-one with the top parts (3b) of the intermediate nodes contained in the second lattice (50),and wherein the attachment parts (22) of the superficial pads (2) are furthermore connected to each other by connections (27) so as to form a third lattice (60) which is intended to be fixed to the superficial wall (102), or so as to form said superficial wall.
- The surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the superficial wall (102) to which the attachment parts (22) of the superficial pads (2) are fixed.
- The surface trim element (100) of claim 9, wherein the superficial wall (102) includes openings (102o) which are adapted to each form a passage for a fluid, in particular for air or water, between two opposite sides of said superficial wall, the openings able to have sizes and/or shapes and/or positions in said superficial wall which are irregular or random.
- The surface trim element (100) of claim 9 or 10, further comprising a second deformable sheet structure, said second deformable sheet structure being arranged on a side of the superficial wall (102) that is opposite to said deformable sheet structure, and comprising:- a second set of base pads (1') fixed to the superficial wall (102), at locations which are regularly distributed over said superficial wall;- a second set of superficial pads (2'), each comprising an attachment part intended to be fixed to a second superficial wall (102'), and a movable part, which are connected to each other so as to allow movements of said movable part relative to said attachment part parallel to the sheet of the second sheet structure;- a second set of intermediate nodes (3');- a second set of rigid and identical first segments (4'), each first segment of said second set of first segments extending from one of the base pads (1') of said second set of base pads, to one of the intermediate nodes (2') of said second set of intermediate nodes, such that all the intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes are kept at a distance from the superficial wall (102), and such that the first segments of said second set of first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes, which are neighbors in an area where the superficial wall is deformed to increase a convexity of said superficial wall, and produce a decrease in said gap when said superficial wall is deformed to increase a concavity of said superficial wall in said area;- a second set of rigid and identical second segments (5'), said second segments being divided into second groups such that the second segments of a same second group connect neighboring intermediate nodes (3') of said second set of intermediate nodes to the movable part of a same superficial pad (2'), of said second set of superficial pads, which is dedicated to said second group, each second segment of said second set of second segments being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes so as to form a third rotating connection, having its axis parallel to the sheet, with each first segment of said second set of first segments which extends to said intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the movable part of one of the superficial pads of said second set of superficial pads so as to form a fourth rotating connection, having its axis parallel to the sheet, with said movable part of the superficial pad, such that when the gap increases between intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes which are neighbors, the superficial pad (2') of the second group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes (3') moves towards the superficial wall (102), and when said gap between neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, said superficial pad of the second group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes moves away from the superficial wall; and- optionally, a second superficial wall (102'), to which are fixed the attachment parts of the superficial pads (2') of the second set of superficial pads.
- A method of attenuating an acoustic emission which is caused by a bending deformation of a base wall (101), comprising a step of fixing, to said base wall, the surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 11.
- A device or installation (110) capable of producing an acoustic emission by a bending deformation of a wall of said device or installation, said wall being provided with the surface trim element (100) of any one of claims 1 to 11, and acting as a base wall (101) for said trim element.
- The device or installation (110) of claim 13, selected among a portion of a soundproofing wall, a wall of a concert hall or music practice room, a wall of an engine compartment or air treatment chamber, a pipeline, an aircraft, a ship, and a submarine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1904645A FR3095717B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2019-05-03 | SURFACE TRIM TO PRODUCE ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION |
PCT/EP2020/060310 WO2020224916A1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-04-10 | Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation |
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EP3963571A1 EP3963571A1 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
EP3963571B1 true EP3963571B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
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EP20716522.6A Active EP3963571B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-04-10 | Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation |
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EP (1) | EP3963571B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113994422A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3095717B1 (en) |
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JPH07227926A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-29 | Asahi Fiber Glass Co Ltd | Sound absorbing and heat insulating board, heat insulating panel using the same and manufacture thereof |
FR2739213B1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1998-03-06 | Artec Aerospace Sarl | METHOD FOR ATTENUATING THE AMPLITUDE OF THE RADIUS PRESSURE WAVE BY THE SURFACE OF A MATERIAL SUBJECT TO MECHANICAL AND / OR ACOUSTIC VIBRATION AT THE LEVEL OF AN INCIDENT OR REFLECTED SURFACE |
GB2345951A (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 2000-07-26 | Draftex Ind Ltd | Sound-absorbing structure |
CH697310B1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-08-15 | Fortatech Ag | Lattice mat, especially as a floor protection or reinforcement of a floor covering. |
DE102010005066A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-14 | Knauer, Dieter, 73240 | structural element |
NL2004345C2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | Hans Hill | Damping element. |
WO2012032814A1 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Plate-shaped material having recessed and projected portion, and vehicle panel and layered structure incorporating same |
US8172036B2 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-05-08 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for providing acoustic metamaterial |
US9222229B1 (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-12-29 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Tunable sandwich-structured acoustic barriers |
FR3012653B1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2017-03-03 | Eurocopter France | ACOUSTICALLY INSULATING COATING WITH RESONATORS, A PANEL PROVIDED WITH THIS COATING, AND AN AIRCRAFT |
EP3180185B1 (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2020-10-14 | HRL Laboratories, LLC | Progressive stiffness structural-acoustic sandwich panel |
JP6023845B1 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-09 | 加川 清二 | Electromagnetic absorption panel |
CN108141153A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-06-08 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Vibrational structure |
EP3239973A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-01 | Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt EMPA | Phononic crystal vibration isolator with inertia amplification mechanism |
DE102016117113B3 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-02-01 | Johann Kreuter | Structural mat, structured mat composite, sandwich structure and method and apparatus for producing a structural mat |
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FR3095717A1 (en) | 2020-11-06 |
WO2020224916A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 |
FR3095717B1 (en) | 2022-04-15 |
CN113994422A (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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