Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
  • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
  • B32B1/08—Tubular products
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/22—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
  • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
  • C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
  • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
  • F16L11/11—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with corrugated wall
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/02—2 layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
  • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/08—Cars
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
  • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
  • F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
  • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
  • F16L9/133—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of two layers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a multilayer line made of thermoplastic material, in particular for automotive fuels, a method for producing such a line and uses of such lines.
• multilayer pipes are preferred, which are characterized by a high thermal load capacity, a high length stability and a high resistance to each other of the fuels contained therein.
• What is particularly relevant here is a low permeability value, this low permeability value not only having to be given for the fuel itself, but also for any additives or minor other constituents contained therein. Resistance to washing out components of the multilayer structure is also required, as is good layer adhesion.
• a multilayer structure which has a barrier layer based on a fluoropolymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and an adjoining layer based on a polyamide.
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• DE 43 26 130 To ensure good adhesion between the polyamide and the PVDF, additives in the form of specifically designed polymethacrylimide are added to the PVDF in DE 43 26 130.
• a force-locking layer composite is described, the most varied types of polyamides being indicated as possible polyamides.
• DE 43 26 130 does not contain a reference to a specific preferred selection of a particular polyamide with regard to, on the one hand, particularly good adhesion to the barrier layer and, on the other hand, resistance to specific chemicals.
• DE 44 10 148 also describes a force-locking layer structure with a layer made of polyamide and a layer made of PVDF, an acrylate copolymer being added to the PVDF for better connection with the polyamide.
• DE 44 10 148 does not contain a reference to a specific preferred selection of a particular polyamide with regard to, on the one hand, particularly good adhesion to the barrier layer and, on the other hand, resistance to specific chemicals.
• DE 199 08 640 describes a thermoplastic multilayer composite which has a first layer made of a polyamide molding compound and a second layer made of a polyester molding compound.
• a multilayer composite is proposed, for example, for use as a fuel line, and different polyamides are also proposed here as the basis for the first layer. It is essential that in this document the use of a specific adhesion promoter layer between the first and the second layer is considered necessary.
• DE 100 65 177 also describes a multilayer composite which is said to be suitable for the transport of solvents.
• the possibility of additionally using PVDF and also ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) is described as a barrier layer.
• EVOH ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymers
• a large number of possible polyamides are specified which apparently only adhere to such a layer if an adhesion promoter layer is additionally arranged, this adhesion-promoting layer being supposed to be a mixture of polyamide and polyolefin, and at least some of them either as a graft polymer or as highly branched Copolymer must be present.
• EP-A-1086962 and EP-A-1270209 provide laminated thermoplastic molded parts which comprise a polyamide-based outer layer and which have excellent adhesive strength between the layers, in particular a laminated thermoplastic molded parts which have a fluorine-containing thermoplastic as the inner layer.
• EP-A-1270209 is a laminated thermoplastic molding comprising a layer (A) comprising a polyamide-based thermoplastic composition and a layer (B) laminated to layer (A), the layer (B ) has a fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer with a carbonyl group and the polyamide-based thermoplastic composition has a functional group in addition to an amide group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, ester group and sulfonamide group in a total amount of 0.05 to 80 equivalent percent of the amide group.
• EP-A-3305523 provides a laminate made of resins with excellent Heat resistance and excellent flexibility and mechanical properties under high temperature conditions ready, which does not experience separation of the layers even with prolonged contact with oil, such as engine oil.
• the laminate comprises a first layer containing a fluorinated copolymer and a second layer containing a polyamide with a high melting point of at least 220 ° C. laminated directly onto the first layer, the fluorinated copolymer being units based on tetrafluoroethylene, units based on ethylene , Has units based on a copolymerizable other monomer with and without carbonyl groups.
• WO-A-2017121962 relates to a multilayer tubular structure (MLT) for transporting petrol in particular, which comprises at least one inner barrier layer (1) and at least one outer layer (2) lying above it from the innermost to the outermost layer.
• MLT multilayer tubular structure
• Two-layer structures with outer layers based on polyamide 12 and inner layers based on polyphthalamide or fluoropolymer are disclosed.
• EP-A-1217279 describes a fuel hose in which an electrically conductive resin is used as the inner layer and the inner surface of which is smooth even when it is molded at high speed.
• a highly melt-flowable fluororesin with an electrical conductivity and a melt flow rate of 14 to 30 (g / 10 min) is used as the inner layer.
• the worked examples always have an outer layer based on polyamide 12, an intermediate layer as an adhesion promoter and an inner layer based on a fluoropolymer.
• EP-A-1260747 describes a line for fuel as a multilayer structure, which comprises an outer layer made of aliphatic polyamide and an inner tube layer made of fluoroplastic.
• One or both of the aliphatic polyamide and the fluoroplastic are each a modified aliphatic PA and a modified fluoroplastic. Examples are worked with outer layers made of polyamide 12, which is specially modified, and inner layers based on fluoropolymer, which is also modified to provide good layer adhesion.
• EP-A-1897685 describes a multilayer laminate formed by direct bonding by thermal lamination or the like of a layer (I) made of a fluororesin having a functional group and a layer made of a thermoplastic resin having a functional group formed by reaction with the functional group of the Fluorine resin can form a chemical bond.
• the fluororesin has a low melting point of 120 ° C - 230 ° C. Layer structures with layers based on polyurethane and those based on fluorine are worked on.
• DE-A-4434530 describes a multilayer polymer pipeline with an outer layer based on polyamide, an inner layer made of polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymers as well as an adhesion-promoting intermediate layer, which connects the inner and outer layers with one another in a force-locking manner.
• EP-A-1884356 describes thermoplastic multilayer composites in the form of an extruded hollow profile, comprising a thermoplastic outer layer and at least one further layer, the outer layer consisting of a mixture based on (C) 80 to 20 parts by weight of at least one polyamide (PA) and (D ) 20 to 80 parts by weight of at least one polyamide elastomer (TPE-A), selected from the group of polyether amides, polyester amides, polyether ester amides, polyether ester ether amides and mixtures thereof, the sum of (A) and (B) giving 100 parts by weight , is formed, and the hollow profile was produced at higher extrusion speeds, so that the hollow profile produced has a higher elongation at break compared to an otherwise identical hollow profile produced at lower extrusion speeds, the elongation at break on the finished hollow profile being measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2 becomes.
• the reported cold shock is dependent on the presence of an elastomer.
• EP-A-1270209 describes a laminated resin molded article comprising a polyamide-based resin composition as an outer layer and having excellent inter-layer adhesion, particularly a laminated resin molded article comprising a fluorine-containing resin as an inner layer.
• the invention relates to a laminated resin molded part having a layer (A) which comprises a polyamide-based resin composition and a layer (B) which is laminated to the layer (A), the layer (B) being a fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer carbonyl group and the polyamide-based resin composition has, in addition to an amide group, a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, ester group and sulfonamide group in a total amount of 0.05 to 80 equivalent percent relative to the amide group.
• thermoplastic compositions with improved hydrolysis stability at high temperatures.
• the addition of polyhydroxy polymers to certain polyamides or polyamide mixtures increases the elongation at break of these thermoplastic compositions after contact with aqueous high-temperature ethylene glycol solutions.
• the thermoplastic compositions are suitable for the production of hoses and pipes for the transport of aqueous high-temperature liquids. Composites with fluoropolymers are not discussed.
• the present invention accordingly relates to a plastic line comprising at least two layers or preferably consisting of two layers, an inner layer which encloses an interior of the line and an outer layer which borders directly on the inner layer and which preferably delimits the line to the outside.
• the invention thus preferably relates to lines which consist exclusively of the two layers mentioned, i.e. in which the inner layer directly encloses an interior of the line and has no intermediate adhesive layer or further inner or outer layers, or lines which have these two adjoining layers on the inside and further layers which follow on the outside.
• there are further innermost inner layers e.g. there are further innermost barrier layers or innermost conductive layers, e.g.
• PPA polyphthalamide
• a further additional inner layer based on fluoropolymer e.g. with other supplements, e.g. Conductivity additives than in the inner layer.
• fluoropolymer e.g. with other supplements, e.g. Conductivity additives than in the inner layer.
• preferred materials are the materials of the outer layer and / or inner layer free of adhesion promoter additives.
• the inner layer is based on fluoropolymer, preferably based at least on ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene.
• the outer layer consists of the following components:
• the invention therefore relates to a composite comprising layers (I) and (II) which directly adjoin and are integral with one another.
• the layer (I) consists of the following components:
• a polyamide selected from the following group: PA 616, PA 516, or mixtures thereof, and copolymers containing at least 50 percent by weight of at least one of these polyamides and mixtures of at least one of these polyamides with another thermoplastic (A2) different from this, the proportion of these polyamides in such mixtures making up at least 50 percent by weight;
• the outer layer preferably limits the line to the outside, and the proportion of component (A) is preferably in the range from 75 to 98 percent by weight and the proportion of component (C) in the range from 0 to 5 percent by weight.
• a first preferred embodiment of the proposed plastic line is characterized in that component (A) consists exclusively of PA 616, or of a copolymer with a PA 616 content of at least 80 percent by weight, or of a mixture of PA 616 with another polyamide, where the proportion of PA 616 makes up at least 80 percent by weight.
• thermoplastic (A2) a polyamide different from PA 616, PA 516, PA 618, preferably an aliphatic or partially aromatic polyamide, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: PA 6, PA 11, PA 612, PA 10T / 6T, PA 1212, PA 66, PA 106, PA 1012, PA 10T / 612, PA 10T / 610, PA 9T.
• Component (A) is preferably free of polyamide 12 and / or polyamide elastomers.
• the proportion of component (A) in the material of the outer layer can be in the range from 80 to 95 percent by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 84 to 88 percent by weight.
• a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the proportion of component (B) in the material of the outer layer is in the range of 5-18 percent by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 10-15 percent by weight.
• component (C) in particular carbon black
• the proportion of component (A) in the material of the outer layer is preferably in the range from 55 to 85 percent by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 60 to 75 percent by weight.
• the material of the outer layer preferably contains masses in the context of component (B) both at least one impact modifier and at least one plasticizer.
• the impact modifier can be present in a proportion in the range of 2-10 percent by weight, in particular in the range of 4-8 percent by weight, based on the total mass of the outer layer.
• the plasticizer either used in combination with an impact modifier or used without an impact modifier, can be present in a proportion in the range of 2-12 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 5-10 percent by weight, based on the total mass of the outer layer.
• compositions are the impact modifier an ethylene-a-olefin copolymer modified with an acid, particularly preferably an ethylene / a-olefin copolymer grafted with an acid anhydride, in particular with maleic anhydride, in particular ethylene / butylene modified or grafted in this way, Ethylene / propylene, or ethylene propylene / ethylene butylene copolymer.
• the plasticizer is preferably selected as a hydroxybenzoic acid ester and / or sulfonamide-based plasticizer, preferably the class of the N-substituted sulfonamide plasticizer, particularly preferably as a BBSA.
• the proportion of component (C) in the material of the outer layer is preferably in the range of 0.1-3 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 0.5-1 percent by weight, based on the total mass of the outer layer, these values preferably applying to all additives other than conductivity additives. If the Component (C) contains a conductivity additive, preferably carbon black, then its proportion is preferably in a range of 0.1-28, preferably 10-27 percent by weight, based on the total mass of the outer layer. If the additives contain conductivity additives, the proportion of component (C) is therefore preferably in the range 10-28, very preferably in the range 12-27 percent by weight, based on the total mass of the outer layer.
• Component (C) can be selected from at least one additive from the following group: antioxidants, processing aids, UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, pigments, dyes, master batch carriers, conductivity additives, lubricants or mixtures thereof.
• component (C) contains a heat stabilizer in the form of an organic heat stabilizer, in particular based on a phenol, a phosphonite or a HALS stabilizer.
• the at least one impact modifier is preferably selected as an ethylene-a-olefin copolymer modified with an acid, particularly preferably as an ethylene / a-olefin copolymer grafted with an acid anhydride, in particular with maleic anhydride, in particular ethylene / butylene modified or grafted in this way , Ethylene / propylene, or ethylene propylene / ethylene butylene copolymer.
• the additives of component (C) may additionally or alternatively comprise at least one heat stabilizer selected from compounds of mono- or divalent copper, stabilizers based on secondary aromatic amines, stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols, phosphites / phosphonites, or mixtures thereof.
• thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention further preferably contain 0 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 2.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of at least one heat stabilizer (again in each case based on the total composition , ie the sum of (A) - (C)).
• the heat stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of
• compounds of mono- or divalent copper for example salts of mono- or divalent copper with inorganic or organic acids or monohydric or dihydric phenols, the oxides of monovalent or divalent copper, or complexes of copper salts with ammonia, amines, amides, Lactams, cyanides or phosphines, preferably Cu (I) or Cu (II) salts of hydrohalic acids, hydrocyanic acids or the copper salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids.
• the monovalent copper compounds CuCI, CuBr, Cul, CuCN and CU2O and the divalent are particularly preferred Copper compounds CuCh, CuSC> 4, CuO, copper (ll) acetate or copper (ll) stearate. If a copper compound is used, the amount of copper is preferably 0.005 to 0.5, in particular 0.006 to 0.3 and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.25% by weight, based on the sum of components (A) to (C).
• the copper compounds are commercially available or their preparation is known to the person skilled in the art.
• the copper compound can be used as such or in the form of concentrates (masterbatch).
• Concentrate is to be understood as a polymer, preferably of the same chemical nature as component (A), which contains the copper salt in high concentration.
• component (A) which contains the copper salt in high concentration.
• the use of concentrates is a common procedure and is used particularly often when very small amounts of a feed have to be dosed.
• the copper compounds are advantageously used in combination with further metal halides, in particular alkali halides, such as Nal, Kl, NaBr, KBr, the molar ratio of metal halide to copper halide being 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 and particularly preferably 3 to 7.
• stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols these stabilizers, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5, preferably are present from 0.2 to 1.0 wt .-%, and
• stabilizers based on secondary aromatic amines which can be used according to the invention are adducts of phenylenediamine with acetone (Naugard A), adducts of phenylenediamine with linolen, Naugard 445, N, N'-dinaphthyl-p-phenylenediamine ⁇ min, N-phenyl-N '-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine or mixtures of two or more thereof.
• Suitable sterically hindered phenols are in principle all compounds with a phenolic structure which have at least one sterically demanding group on the phenolic ring.
• Preferred examples of stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols which can be used according to the invention are N, N'-hexamethylene-bis-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionamide, bis- (3,3-bis- (4'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butylphenyl) butanoic acid) glycol ester, 2,1 '-Thioethylbis- (3- (3,5-di.tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 4-4 '- Butylidene bis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), triethylene glycol 3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionate or mixtures of two or more of these stabilizers.
• Preferred phosphites and phosphonites are triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphite, phenyl dialkyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylphentaerythritol diphosphite, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite,
• Diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite,
• Diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite bis (2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,4,6-tris (tert-butylphenyl)) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis i (2,4-di -tert-butylphenyl) -4,4'- biphenylenediphospho-'nit, 6-!
• a preferred embodiment of the heat stabilizer consists in the combination of organic heat stabilizers, in particular in the combination of org. Stabilizers based on a phenol, a phosphonite and a HALS stabilizer, such as Hostanox O 3P, Sandosab P-EPQ and Hostavin N 30 P or in the combination of org.
• Heat stabilizers especially Hostanox PAR 24 and Irganox 1010
• a bisphenol A based epoxy especially Epikote 1001
• copper stabilization based on Cul and Kl especially copper stabilization based on Cul and Kl.
• a commercially available stabilizer mixture consisting of organic stabilizers and epoxides is for example Irgatec NC66 from BASF. Heat stabilization based exclusively on Cul and Kl is particularly preferred and the molding compositions are preferably free of nigrosine.
• the additives of component (C) preferably contain at least one stabilizer in the form of a copper halide or a mixture of a copper halide with a potassium halide, preferably a mixture of Cul and Kl, the latter preferably being present in a 4-20-fold molar excess in the mixture, and preferably the proportion of the stabilizer based on the copper halide, optionally together with a potassium halide, is in the range from 0.01 to 0.10 percent by weight, preferably in the range from 0.03 to 07.07 percent by weight, based in each case on 100 percent by weight of the total polyamide molding composition (A) - (C ).
• thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention can be customary processing aids such as stabilizers, oxidation retardants, other agents against heat decomposition and decomposition by ultraviolet light, lubricants and mold release agents, colorants such as dyes and pigments, nucleating agents, Contain plasticizers, flame retardants, etc.
• oxidation retarders and heat stabilizers examples include phosphites and other amines (e.g. TAD), hydroquinones, various substituted representatives of these groups and their mixtures in concentrations of up to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic molding compositions.
• phosphites and other amines e.g. TAD
• hydroquinones various substituted representatives of these groups and their mixtures in concentrations of up to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic molding compositions.
• UV stabilizers which are generally used in amounts of up to 2% by weight, based on the molding composition.
• Inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, ultramarine blue, iron oxide and carbon black and / or graphite, organic pigments such as phthalocyanines, quinacridones, perylenes and dyes such as anthraquinones can also be added as colorants as component (C).
• Component (C) can also contain at least one conductivity additive.
• the conductivity additive is preferably carbon black.
• single-walled, double-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene or graphene derivatives can also be used, or a combination of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and / or graphene and / or graphene derivatives can be used.
• the proportion of conductivity additive as part of component (C) is preferably in the range from 1 to 27% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 5 to 25% by weight, in each case based on the total mass, ie. H. to the sum of (A) - (C).
• a further preferred embodiment of the plastic line proposed here is characterized in that the inner layer is based on fluoropolymer based at least on ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene.
• the fluoropolymer can have further propylene and / or hexene blocks, preferably hexafluoropropylene blocks and / or perfluorohexene blocks. These blocks are usually present in a minor amount, typically in the range of 0.01-1 or 0.01-0.3 mol%, based on the total moles of the starting monomers.
• the fluoropolymer is preferably designed as a fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer with a carbonyl group, which particularly preferably does not contain an amide, imide, urethane or urea group.
• the inner layer further preferably consists of the following components:
• components (a) - (b) add up to 100 percent by weight of the material of the inner layer.
• the carbonyl group content of the fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer having the carbonyl group is preferably 3 to 1,000 groups in total per 1 x 10 6 main chain carbon atoms.
• the carbonyl group of the fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer with the carbonyl group can come from a peroxide.
• the fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer may be one having at least one carbonyl group species selected from the group consisting of carbonate, carbonyl halide and carboxyl groups in a total of 3 to 1,000 groups per 1 x 10 6 main chain carbon atoms.
• fluorine-containing ethylenic polymers with a carbonyl group as described in EP-A-1 270 209 are possible.
• Component (b) of the inner layer can be selected from at least one additive from the following group: antioxidants, processing aids, UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, pigments, master batch carriers, conductivity additives, lubricants or mixtures thereof.
• Component (b) of the inner layer can in particular have a heat stabilizer in the form of an organic heat stabilizer, in particular based on a phenol, a phosphonite or a HALS stabilizer.
• the inner layer is particularly preferably provided with a conductivity additive or conductive as a polymer.
• component (b) contains at least one conductivity additive, preferably in a proportion in the range of 0.1-20 percent by weight, based on the total mass of the inner layer.
• the inner layer preferably has an electrical surface resistance of not more than 10 8 Q or not more than 10 6 W, preferably not more than 10 W.
• the proportion of the electrically conductive material is preferred set so that the electrical surface resistance of the inner layer in the above Area falls.
• the conductive particles of the conductivity additive preferably have an average cross-sectional diameter of approximately 0.1 micron to approximately 100 microns.
• the conductive particles may be coated with a coating to provide coated conductive particles as the conductive particles.
• the structure generally comprises an innermost layer made of fluoropolymer and an outer layer made of polyamide. There may then be further layers to the outside, i.e. the outer layer is the outer layer made of polyamide or, in addition to the outer layer, one or two further layers, preferably made of polyamide.
• the invention provides further embodiments, for example a three-layer structure in which the innermost fluoropolymer layer and the directly adjacent polyamide layer are arranged according to claim 1, and these layers are further enclosed by a further polyamide layer.
• a four-, a five- or a six-layer structure is likewise in accordance with the claims, the inner layer and the directly adjacent outer layer being arranged in accordance with claim 1.
• the structure particularly preferably consists of an innermost layer made of fluoropolymer and an outer layer made of polyamide, as set out above.
• the present invention further relates to a plastic line, which is characterized in that the inner layer has a thickness in the range of 0.08-1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1-0.9 mm, and / or the outer layer has a thickness in Range of 0.5-2 mm, preferably in the range of 0.6-1.75 mm, the line preferably having a total wall thickness in the range of 0.9-3 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.0-2.0 mm.
• the proposed plastic line is typically produced in a coextrusion process.
• the proposed plastic line is in the form of a line, which can be designed at least in sections as a corrugated tube, preferably as a line for internal combustion engines, in particular in the automotive sector, in particular for fuel, particularly preferably gasoline, urea or coolant.
• the present invention further relates to a method for producing a plastic line as described above, which is characterized in that the two layers, ie inner layer and outer layer, in a continuous and / or discontinuous process, preferably in an extrusion blow molding, a tandem extrusion, a sheathing process, an injection molding process, in particular a (gas) internal pressure injection molding process, or a (co) extrusion process, into a hollow body, particularly preferably into a line.
• the two layers ie inner layer and outer layer
• in a continuous and / or discontinuous process preferably in an extrusion blow molding, a tandem extrusion, a sheathing process, an injection molding process, in particular a (gas) internal pressure injection molding process, or a (co) extrusion process, into a hollow body, particularly preferably into a line.
• Fig. 1 shows a fuel line in a sectional view perpendicular to the direction.
• Fig. 2 shows another exemplary fuel line V according to the invention in one
• this fuel line has five layers, outside the outer layer 3 a further outer layer 8 and an outermost layer 9, the innermost fluoropolymer layer (3) and the directly adjacent polyamide layer (4) being constructed as described above;
• the structure has above all the special adhesion between layers 3 and 4.
• Figure 1 shows an exemplary fuel line 1 according to the invention in a section transverse to the main direction.
• the line is particularly intended for fuels for vehicles, namely gasoline or diesel.
• Preferred is the line for gasoline, i. H. a hydrocarbon mixture.
• the main constituents of gasoline are mainly alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons with 5 to 1 1 carbon atoms per molecule and a boiling range between 25 ° C and approx. 210 ° C.
• various ethers such as MTBE, ETBE
• alcohols ethanol, possibly methanol
• the cross-sectional area can be constant over the main course direction, i. H. the tube can have a substantially hollow cylindrical shape.
• the cross-sectional area can also vary over the main direction, for example in the form of a corrugated tube.
• the inner space 2 is initially followed radially outward by an inner layer 3, which borders and delimits the inner space 7 with the inner space 2.
• This inner layer is based on a fluoropolymer.
• An outer layer 4 follows directly adjacent to the inner layer 3 without an intermediate adhesive layer in the contact area 5, this is formed on the basis of polyamide 616, preferably without other other polyamide components.
• the outer surface 6 of the outer layer 4 delimits the line to the outside.
• PA12-HV Adhesion (elastomer) and impact modified polyamide 12: Available as Grilamid XE 4076 from EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland.
• PA6 Heat stabilized, impact modified and plasticized polyamide 6, available as Grilon BRZ 347 W from EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland.
• BBSA N-butylbenzenesulfonamide
• WM plasticizer
• Impact modifier Acid-modified were used as the impact modifier (SZM) Ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymers used, namely ethylene-butylene and ethylene-propylene copolymers and mixtures thereof grafted with maleic anhydride.
• SZM impact modifier
• MVR value (measured at 230 ° C / 2.16 kg) of 1.3 g / 10min (ASTM D1238), DSC glass transition temperature, according to ISO standard 11357-2 (2013) of - 60 ° C, available under the Name Tafmer MC201 from Mitsui Chemicals.
• Hostanox O 3P is a stabilizer based on a hindered phenol with the CAS no. 32509-66-3
• Sandosab P-EPQ is a diphosphonite stabilizer (CAS: 1 19345-01 -6) and
• Hostavin N 30 P is a hindered amine-based stabilizer (HALS) with the CAS no. 202483-55-4, all available from Clariant.
• Tinuvin 234 is a UV stabilizer based on benzotriazole with CAS no. 70321-86-7, available from BASF SE. Magnesium stearate, obtained from Bärlocher GmbH, Kunststoff, was used as a lubricant.
• Russ Russ with the trade name ENSACO 250 Granules from Imerys was used as a conductivity additive.
• Fluoropolymer Either a fluoropolymer based on ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene building blocks (ETFE) or a fluoropolymer based on ethylene, hexafluoropropane and tetrafluoroethylene building blocks (EFEP) was used as the material for the inner layer.
• ETFE ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene building blocks
• EFEP tetrafluoroethylene building blocks
• ETFE the exemplary embodiments were a product from AGC Chemicals Europe, Ltd. which is available under the name FLUON® ETFE.
• FLUON® ETFE the exemplary embodiments involved a product ETFE AH 600-C, also from AGC Chemicals Europe, Ltd.
• Neoflon EFEP RP-5000 from Daikin Industries, Ltd., Japan was used as EFEP.
• Pipes were co-extruded on a Nokia Maillefer COEX5 pipe extruder at mass temperatures of 275 - 285 ° C (fluoropolymer) and 240 - 255 ° C (polyamide) under vacuum from 27 to 95 mbar and an extrusion speed of 12.9 m / min .
• Pipes with an outside diameter of 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm were used as test specimens. The length of the pipe was adjusted according to the test requirements. The thickness of the inner layer was 0.1 or 0.2 mm, and that of the outer layer or the further outer layers was 0.9 or 0.8 mm. Tests carried out on the pipe structures:
• Cold behavior is tested based on TL 52712-C in accordance with VW standard PV 3905.
• the falling height of the ball is 65 cm.
• At least 10 test specimens are measured and the number of breaks is given as a percentage.
• Pipe tensile test Pipe tensile tests were carried out in accordance with ISO 527-2 (2012). Test specimens with a length of 150 mm (tensile tests in the direction of extrusion) or 10 mm (for tensile tests transverse to the direction of extrusion) were used. The test temperature was 23 ° C and the test speed was 100 mm / min (for tests in the direction of extrusion) or 25 mm / min if tests were carried out transversely to the direction of extrusion.
• Bursting pressure / reference stress measured at 23 ° C according to DIN 73378.
• Shift liability was tested in accordance with VW TL 52712 paragraph 6.8 or SAE J2260.
• Zinc chloride resistance Test specimens were stored in accordance with SAE J2260, Section 7.12.2 and then visually assessed for cracks. Test specimens that were still intact were then tested for pendulum impact and burst pressure in accordance with DIN 73378. Pendulum impact values, reported as percentages, relate to the proportion of failed tests.
• Table 3 Compositions of three, four and five-layer structures
• the examples according to the invention show excellent pressure properties after storage in a fuel.
• the comparison voltage of the sophisticated superstructures only decreases slightly after 500 hours of storage in FAM-B.
• the lines according to the invention can be used without problems in the automotive sector.
• Such conduct prove Storage in a ZnCI 2 solution has no cracks and, in addition, have advantageous mechanical properties compared to known structures based on PA12 or PA612.
• outer layer layer 8 further outer layer

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• 2019
  • 2019-12-11 JP JP2021532831A patent/JP7498711B2/ja active Active
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