EP3849729B1 - Procédé de commande ou de régulation de la température d'une barre coulée dans une installation de coulée continue - Google Patents

Procédé de commande ou de régulation de la température d'une barre coulée dans une installation de coulée continue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3849729B1
EP3849729B1 EP19758973.2A EP19758973A EP3849729B1 EP 3849729 B1 EP3849729 B1 EP 3849729B1 EP 19758973 A EP19758973 A EP 19758973A EP 3849729 B1 EP3849729 B1 EP 3849729B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cast
strand
supporting
cast strip
cast strand
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EP19758973.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3849729A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Heimann
Uwe Plociennik
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SMS Group GmbH
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SMS Group GmbH
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Publication of EP3849729A1 publication Critical patent/EP3849729A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling or regulating the temperature of a cast strand in a continuous casting plant according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the operation of the secondary cooling is usually implemented with spray or cooling water, whereby the amount of water that is applied to the surfaces of the cast strand is adjusted by specifying setpoint temperature curves.
  • the progression of these target temperature curves can vary depending on the material of the material to be cast and, for example, depending on certain cooling zones of the supporting strand guide and/or the casting speed.
  • a target temperature curve determines the target values for the surface temperature to be reached by the strand within the supporting strand guide, e.g. at the end of individual cooling zones that are part of this supporting strand guide.
  • the amount of spray water from the secondary cooling system is regulated in such a way that these target values are achieved.
  • the cast strand solidifies completely within the supporting strand guide and does not run out of this supporting strand guide with its sump tip.
  • WO 2009/071236 A1 It is known, during the operation of a continuous casting plant, to adjust the set temperature of the cast strand dynamically on the basis of data and/or signals, for example to adapt casting parameters that may have changed. According to the technology WO 2009/071236 A1 It is envisaged that the target temperatures will be restored to their original values should the casting parameters return to the expected range.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize the energy content of the cast strand at the end or when it leaves the supporting strand guide during continuous casting.
  • the method according to the present invention serves to control or regulate the temperature of a cast strand in a continuous casting plant.
  • the cast strand After continuously exiting a mold, the cast strand is guided along a conveying direction by a supporting strand guide of the continuous casting plant, which has at least one segment with secondary cooling, the secondary cooling being set by a control or regulation unit and thus cooling the surfaces of the cast strand will.
  • a temperature field is calculated for the cast strand along its conveying direction within the supporting strand guide and a position of the sump tip of the cast strand is determined from this.
  • a plurality of desired temperature curves for the surface of the cast strand are stored in a memory of the control or regulation unit for a material of the cast strand to be cast.
  • the predetermined time which is checked as a condition for a non-change in the set target temperature curve, can also be more than 5 minutes, e.g. 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, or is either greater than 10 minutes or is between the values just mentioned.
  • steps (i) and (ii) are carried out fully automatically by the control or regulation unit.
  • the coldest and warmest possible target temperature curve can be re-determined depending on the analysis of the material, and on the basis of this all further target temperature curves between the coldest and warmest target temperature curve can be determined or defined. Subsequent to this, these target temperature curves are then stored in the memory of the open-loop or closed-loop control unit in order to be able to carry out the invention.
  • a temperature field is determined for the cast strand along its conveying direction within the supporting strand guide, preferably calculated, so that the associated temperature is known for each calculated nodal point of the cast strand, namely at a specific point of the Cast strand or the length of the system, in particular within the supporting strand guide and its cooling segments.
  • An exact position of the sump tip for the cast strand can then be determined from this.
  • a method according to the present invention is based on the essential finding that the specific position of the bottom tip of the cast strand serves as an input variable in order, depending on this, for the secondary cooling of the supporting strand guide set or change a specific target temperature curve.
  • the current position of the sump tip of the cast strand and the associated check as to whether this position of the sump tip is either within the predetermined permissible range or where exactly within this range then leads to an adjustment or modification of a selected target temperature curve in such a way that the Energy content of the cast strand at the end of the supporting strand guide is as high as possible.
  • This is equivalent to the fact that the cast strand at the end of the supporting strand guide has the highest possible temperature and thus has a high heat content, and with this high heat content can then be subjected to further processing, e.g. in a hot rolling mill, and can enter a furnace that is upstream of the hot rolling mill is.
  • the "predetermined permissible area” with regard to which the method according to the invention provides for checking the position of the bottom tip of the cast strand in step (i) is the area within the supporting strand guide of the continuous caster, in which a position of the sump tip is optimal, namely in connection with the metallurgical length (calculated from the meniscus to the last pair of support rollers within the supporting strand guide).
  • this "predetermined permissible area” is an area of the supporting strand guide in which, on the one hand, the cast strand is just sufficiently cooled and there is therefore no risk of the cast strand with its still liquid sump tip falling out of the supporting strand guide in the Casting or conveying direction "migrates" and in which, on the other hand, the cast strand is not cooled too much by selecting a suitable target temperature curve for the secondary cooling, so that the heat content of the cast strand remains as high as possible until it leaves the supporting strand guide.
  • the limits of this "predetermined permissible range” are expediently not rigid or unchangeable, but can be changed either before the start of the program or during the casting operation.
  • the sump length of the cast strand in relation to the extension or length of the supporting strand guide, is as long as possible and always lies within the predetermined permissible range. This exploits the fact that the energy content of the cast strand depends directly on the length of the sump tip: the longer the sump tip, the greater the energy content of the cast strand, at least at the end of the supporting strand guide, before the (completely solidified) cast strand then leaves the strand guide . It is also important for the invention that the set cooling does not change constantly during operation of the continuous casting installation.
  • a target temperature curve for the secondary cooling is not linked to an exact position at which the sump tip of the cast strand is currently located, but to a range within which the sump tip lies.
  • This range is the "predetermined allowable range" of supporting strand guide discussed above.
  • a target temperature curve which has been defined before the start of the casting process for a specific material, is then selected in such a way that the sump peak remains within this predetermined allowable range during the casting process, which thus acquired the property of a "target area”.
  • the cooling for the cast strand in the area of the supporting strand guide is not changed until it is determined that the sump tip of the cast strand is no longer within a desired interval, i.e. the predetermined permissible range of the supporting strand guide.
  • a desired interval i.e. the predetermined permissible range of the supporting strand guide.
  • the aim is achieved that the energy content of the cast strand at the end of the supporting strand guide is or becomes as high as possible without the sump length of the cast strand becoming too great.
  • this avoids the risk of the cast strand with its sump tip "running out" of the last cooling segment of the supporting strand guide and, on the other hand, the advantage is achieved that the highest possible furnace inlet temperature is achieved for the cast strand.
  • the “cold-critical” area of the supporting strand guide is that area which—seen in the conveying direction of the cast strand—borders upstream on the predetermined permissible area.
  • the temperature of the cast strand is too low or "too cold” with regard to the length of the supporting strand guide if the (calculated) sump tip of the cast strand lies in this cold-critical range.
  • the “heat-critical” area of the supporting strand guide is that area which—seen in the conveying direction of the cast strand—borders downstream on the predetermined permissible area.
  • the temperature of the cast strand is too high or "too warm” in relation to the length of the supporting strand guide if the (calculated) sump tip of the cast strand is in the warm-critical range.
  • the cooling capacity of the secondary cooling system is set to a maximum value, i.e. the secondary cooling system is set to the coldest possible target temperature curve if it should be determined in step (ii) that the sump tip of the cast strand is in a safety range which - in the conveying direction of the Cast strand seen - is downstream of the hot critical area.
  • maximum cooling prevents the bottom tip of the cast strand from running out of the area of the supporting strand guide.
  • the sump peak is on the right-hand edge of the predetermined permissible range, i.e. shifted from a middle of the predetermined permissible range in the direction of the warm-critical range, but in any case still within the predetermined allowable range.
  • the target temperature curve set in the area of the supporting strand guide has not changed for a predetermined time, e.g. for at least 10 minutes, then the cooling capacity is reduced by setting the secondary cooling to the next warmer target temperature curve. This adjustment is made under the condition that the sump length of both this selected next warmer target temperature curve and the next but one warmer target temperature curve are both still in the predetermined permissible range of the supporting strand guide.
  • steps (i) and (ii) are expediently carried out fully automatically by the control or regulation unit.
  • This ensures that the sump tip of the cast strand is always in the predetermined permissible range or returns there.
  • This ensures, on the one hand, that the cast strand always has the highest possible energy content, particularly at the end of the supporting strand guide, and that, on the other hand, cooling is automatically increased if the sump tip of the cast strand should become too long. Since the situation or position of the sump tip can move within an interval, namely within the predetermined permissible range, watering can be carried out with constant process parameters over a longer period of time.
  • the continuous casting plant 12 includes a mold 14 which has a vertical outlet downwards. Liquid metal is poured into the mold 14, with a cast strand 10 then exiting the mold 14 downwards.
  • the continuous casting installation 12 comprises a strand guide, along which the cast strand 10 is moved or transported in a conveying direction F.
  • the strand guide can be divided into individual segments, as shown in FIG 1 indicated by the numbers 1-7.
  • the segments 1-4 are designed as cooling segments and combined to form a supporting strand guide 16, in which the cast strand 10 is subjected to secondary cooling (not shown), e.g. by spray nozzles, with a cooling medium, in particular in the form of water, from both sides and thus is specifically cooled.
  • the supporting strand guide 16 with the individual cooling segments 1 to 4 is - seen in the conveying direction F of the cast strand 10 - the mold 14 immediately downstream or arranged downstream thereof.
  • the cast strand 10 enters the downstream supporting strand guide 16 immediately after it has exited the mold 14 downwards.
  • the water quantities of the secondary cooling are regulated so that the temperatures on the surfaces of the ends of the cooling segments 1-4 of the cast strand 10 correspond to the target specifications of a set or selected target temperature curve. This is explained separately below.
  • the continuous casting plant 12 also includes a control or regulation unit 18, which is connected via a signal path (in 1 simplified by a dotted line 20 symbolized) signaling with the secondary cooling of the cooling segments 1-4 of the supporting strand guide 16 is connected.
  • This signal path can be wired or wireless, for example by a radio link or the like.
  • the control or regulation unit 18 includes a memory 19 in which a plurality of target temperature curves are stored.
  • exemplary setpoint temperature curves i - x are shown, which indicate setpoint values for the surface temperatures to be achieved of the cast strand 10 for the segments 1-4 of the supporting strand guide 16, namely at the end of each cooling segment 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • the target temperature curve # i is the "warmest" temperature curve, in which comparatively little cooling water is sprayed out onto the surfaces of the cast strand 10 due to the secondary cooling of the supporting strand guide 16 and, as a result, the (surface) temperature of the cast strand is comparatively high.
  • the target temperature curve # x is the “coldest” temperature curve, in which, due to the secondary cooling of the supporting strand guide 16, comparatively large amounts of Cooling water is sprayed onto the surfaces of the cast strand 10, so that the (surface) temperature of the cast strand 10 is cooled more and assumes lower values.
  • the coldest and warmest possible setpoint temperature curve is determined anew depending on the analysis of the material, and on the basis of this all other setpoint temperature curves between the coldest and warmest setpoint temperature curve are determined or specified, e.g. according to the linear principle Interpolation.
  • many variation calculations are carried out for all possible material groups, strand thicknesses, casting speeds and casting temperatures.
  • the current sump length of the cast strand 10 for a currently set desired temperature curve is calculated only taking into account the current casting parameters, so that a current position of the sump tip for the cast strand 10 can be determined in each case.
  • control or regulation unit 18 determines a temperature field for the cast strand 10 along its conveying direction F within the supporting strand guide 16, for example by calculation on the basis of the known casting parameters. From the knowledge of the temperatures for the cast strand 10, taking into account the solidus temperature of a respective material that is used for the continuous casting of the cast strand 10, a conclusion can be drawn about the exact position of the sump tip of the cast strand 10. In order to verify the temperatures calculated for the cast strand 10, it is possible to attach suitable (temperature) sensors at certain points along the supporting strand guide, with which the actual temperatures of the cast strand 10 can be determined metrologically, in particular on its surfaces, and, if necessary, compared with the previously calculated values. In this regard, it goes without saying that the control or regulation unit 18 is also connected to the sensors (not shown) via a signal path in order to receive the measured values of these sensors.
  • the associated regression coefficients for the above-mentioned regression equation are stored in memory 19 in order to calculate the position of a sump peak from neighboring target temperature curves ("neighboring curves") in the warmer range (i.e. with a lower cooling capacity in the supporting strand guide 16) to be able to calculate (step S1 of Figure 5a ).
  • the coldest and warmest possible target temperature curves are re-determined depending on the analysis of the material.
  • the supporting strand guide 16 is divided along its length into different areas, namely a predetermined permissible area B, a cold-critical area K, a warm-critical area W, and a safety area S. Seen in the conveying direction F of the cast strand 10, there is the cold-critical area K is upstream of the predetermined allowable range B, wherein the hot critical range W and the safety range S are each downstream of the predetermined allowable range B, in that order. In the 3 these four areas are illustrated using a circuit diagram that is explained below. The limits these areas are preferably defined before the start of the continuous casting process, and can also be changed or adjusted during the casting operation.
  • the boundaries between the areas K, B, W and S can also lie between the cooling segments.
  • the goal is pursued by selecting or setting a suitable target temperature curve for the secondary cooling of the supporting strand guide 16 that a position of the sump tip of the cast strand 10 in which 3 denoted by "PS", is always within the predetermined allowable range B.
  • the position of the sump tip PS is approximately in the middle of the area B.
  • the spray water quantities in the area of the supporting strand guide 16 are varied in each calculation step, e.g. every 5 seconds, for the currently set target temperature curve such that at the ends of the cooling zones of the supporting strand guide 16 the surface temperatures of the cast strand 10 values of the currently set target temperature.
  • This is in the diagram of 2 illustrated, and corresponds to at Figure 5a the step S3.
  • step (i) of a method according to the invention it is first checked whether the position of the sump tip PS is within the predetermined permissible range B. This corresponds to Figure 5a a sequence of steps S4, S6, S8 and S10.
  • the position of the sump tip PS then "wanders" against the conveying direction F also back into the predetermined permissible range B.
  • the position of the sump tip PS is optimized within the predetermined permissible range B according to an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • Boundary zones are defined along the supporting strand guide 16, namely a first boundary zone G1 between the zones B and K, and a second boundary zone G2 between the zones B and W. These two boundary zones G1 and G2 lie entirely within the predetermined permissible zone B, and make up part of this, for example 20% each.
  • the use of the variables stored in the memory 19 at the beginning of the continuous casting process and the said regression equation(s) in order to determine the sump length of the two adjacent next higher set temperature curves in the last-mentioned embodiment is based on the fact that these neighboring curves have other target temperature curves and thus a cooling that deviates from the current casting process.
  • the sump positions of the neighboring curves can also be determined with a further calculation module, in which case the current casting parameters in combination with those determined by the others Target temperature curves changed cooling is included in the calculation or is taken into account accordingly.
  • Said predetermined time can also deviate from the 10 minutes mentioned, and for example either assume a value of > 5 minutes, have a value between 5 and 10 minutes, or also 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes or 20 minutes, or also assume values of > 20 minutes.
  • the cooling of the cast strand must not be set too low, especially in the first (entry) segments of the supporting strand guide 16, because otherwise the cast strand would bulge between the support rollers because the strand shell is too thin.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a circuit diagram according to another embodiment of a method according to the invention. If it should now be recognized in step ii that the position of the sump tip PS of the cast strand 10 should be in one of these limit areas G1, G2 (satisfaction of the "YES" condition in step S11 of Figure 5b ), the cooling capacity of the secondary cooling is changed appropriately (i.e.
  • the sump tip of the cast strand 10 does not even get into the critical areas K or W if their position is detected in one of the limit areas G1 or G2.
  • This achieves the goal that with decreasing sump length, when the sump tip of the cast strand 10 is in the first limit area G1 and "wanders" relatively quickly in the direction of the cold-critical area K, then switching to a next higher ( warmer) setpoint temperature curve is made early enough, in order to avoid excessive switching or cooling, which may otherwise be necessary if the sump tip had already entered the cold-critical region K.
  • step S15 or S16 the method can also go directly to step S12 (cf. Figure 5b ) walk.
  • the "rate" at which the sump tip changes position may also correspond to a 1.1%, 1.2%, total sump length change 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, or take on values that are either greater than 3 .0% or between the above values.
  • 6 illustrates the solidification length of the cast strand
  • 7 12 illustrates the average temperature of the cast strand 10 at the inlet of a furnace (not shown) after the cast strand 10 exits the supporting strand guide 16, each as a function of time.
  • the graphs according to the bold solid line are each obtained with a method according to the invention, the graphs according to the dotted lines each corresponding to a method or an operating mode of a continuous casting plant according to the prior art.
  • 6 makes it clear that greater solidification lengths can be achieved with a method according to the present invention, equivalent to greater sump lengths and thus a higher energy content of the cast strand at the end of the supporting strand guide 16.
  • 7 makes it clear that with the invention a higher average temperature is achieved at the furnace inlet, which is on average above a desired target temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé destiné à la commande ou au réglage de la température d'une barre de coulée (10) dans une installation de coulée continue (12) ; dans lequel la barre de coulée (10), après sa sortie en continu d'une lingotière (14), est guidée dans une direction de transport (F) par l'intermédiaire d'un guidage de barre (16) procurant un support, de l'installation de coulée continue (12), qui présente au moins un segment (1, 2, 3, 4) qui comprend un refroidissement secondaire ; dans lequel on règle le refroidissement secondaire par l'intermédiaire d'une unité de commande ou de réglage (18) et, ce faisant, on refroidit les surfaces de la barre de coulée (10) ; dans lequel, pour la barre de coulée, dans sa direction de transport (F), on calcule un champ de température au sein du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support et on détermine, à partir dudit calcul, une position de la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) ; dans lequel on met en mémoire, dans une mémoire (19) de l'unité de commande ou de réglage (18), pour une substance de la barre de coulée (10) qui doit faire l'objet d'une coulée, une multitude de courbes de températures de consigne (i-x) pour la surface de la barre de coulée (10), caractérisé par :
    (i) la vérification du fait de savoir si la position de la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) se trouve dans une zone tolérée (B) qui a été déterminée au préalable, au sein du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support ; et
    (ii) dans le cas où la position de la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) se trouve dans la zone tolérée (B) qui a été déterminée au préalable, au sein du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support et dans le cas où une courbe de température de consigne qui a été réglée dans la zone dudit au moins un segment du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support, n'a pas subi de modification depuis un laps de temps qui a été prédéfini, par exemple d'au moins cinq minutes, et dans le cas où les longueurs calculées du cône liquide, pour les deux courbes de températures de consigne immédiatement supérieures (= plus chaudes) se situent encore dans la zone tolérée (B) qui a été déterminée au préalable, au sein du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support : la réduction de la puissance de refroidissement par le fait de régler le refroidissement secondaire dans ledit au moins un segment (2) du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support, à la courbe de température de consigne immédiatement supérieure (= plus chaude) ;
    dans lequel les étapes (i) et (ii) sont exécutées de manière totalement automatique par l'unité de commande ou de réglage (18).
  2. Procédé conformément à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas où la position de la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) se déplace dans la direction de la zone froide critique (K), on réduit la puissance de refroidissement par le fait de régler le refroidissement secondaire dans ledit au moins un segment (2) du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support, à la courbe de température de consigne immédiatement supérieure (= plus chaude).
  3. Procédé conformément à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on réduit la puissance de refroidissement par l'intermédiaire d'un passage par commutation à la courbe de température de consigne immédiatement supérieure (= plus chaude), dans le cas où la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) se trouve dans une première zone limite (Gl) de la zone tolérée (B) qui a été déterminée au préalable, qui s'avère être limitrophe à la zone froide critique (K), et se déplace dans la direction de la zone froide critique (K) à une vitesse qui correspond à une modification d'au moins 1 % de la longueur totale du cône liquide de la barre de coulée (10).
  4. Procédé conformément à la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas où la position de la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) se déplace dans la direction de la zone chaude critique (W), on augmente la puissance de refroidissement par le fait de régler le refroidissement secondaire dans ledit au moins un segment (2) du guidage de barre (16) procurant un support, à la courbe de température de consigne immédiatement inférieure (= plus froide).
  5. Procédé conformément à la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on augmente la puissance de refroidissement par l'intermédiaire d'un passage par commutation à la courbe de température de consigne immédiatement inférieure (= plus froide), dans le cas où la pointe du cône liquide (PS) de la barre de coulée (10) se trouve dans une deuxième zone limite (G2) de la zone tolérée (B) qui a été déterminée au préalable, qui s'avère être limitrophe à la zone chaude critique (W), et se déplace dans la direction de la zone chaude critique (W) à une vitesse qui correspond à une modification d'au moins 1 % de la longueur totale du cône liquide de la barre de coulée (10).
EP19758973.2A 2018-09-13 2019-08-26 Procédé de commande ou de régulation de la température d'une barre coulée dans une installation de coulée continue Active EP3849729B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018215583.6A DE102018215583A1 (de) 2018-09-13 2018-09-13 Verfahren zur Steuerung oder Regelung der Temperatur eines Gießstrangs in einer Stranggießanlage
PCT/EP2019/072687 WO2020052944A1 (fr) 2018-09-13 2019-08-26 Procédé de commande ou de régulation de la température d'une barre coulée dans une installation de coulée continue

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EP3849729A1 EP3849729A1 (fr) 2021-07-21
EP3849729B1 true EP3849729B1 (fr) 2022-11-02

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EP (1) EP3849729B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018215583A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020052944A1 (fr)

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DE102020209794A1 (de) 2020-08-04 2022-02-10 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren zur Steuerung oder Regelung der Temperatur eines Gießstrangs in einer Stranggießanlage

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DE102007058109A1 (de) 2007-12-03 2009-06-04 Sms Demag Ag Vorrichtung zur Steuerung oder Regelung einer Temperatur
DE102011082158A1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-07 Sms Siemag Ag Gießverfahren, insbesondere Stranggießverfahren
KR101709623B1 (ko) * 2012-08-14 2017-02-23 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 응고 완료 위치 제어 방법 및 응고 완료 위치 제어 장치

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WO2020052944A1 (fr) 2020-03-19
DE102018215583A1 (de) 2020-03-19

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