EP3808934A1 - Ancre de précontrainte permettant de sécuriser une formation géologique - Google Patents

Ancre de précontrainte permettant de sécuriser une formation géologique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3808934A1
EP3808934A1 EP20200534.4A EP20200534A EP3808934A1 EP 3808934 A1 EP3808934 A1 EP 3808934A1 EP 20200534 A EP20200534 A EP 20200534A EP 3808934 A1 EP3808934 A1 EP 3808934A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
anchor rod
coupling
prestressing
cladding tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20200534.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3808934B1 (fr
Inventor
Manuel Venier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Htb Baugesellschaft MBH
Original Assignee
Htb Baugesellschaft MBH
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Filing date
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Application filed by Htb Baugesellschaft MBH filed Critical Htb Baugesellschaft MBH
Publication of EP3808934A1 publication Critical patent/EP3808934A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3808934B1 publication Critical patent/EP3808934B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/54—Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prestressing anchor for securing a geological formation, the prestressing anchor having an internally hollow anchor rod and a drill bit attached to a front end of the anchor rod and a cladding tube, and the anchor rod being surrounded by the cladding tube in an area spaced from the drill bit.
  • slack soil nails are used, for example. These are non-tensioned systems in which an anchor rod is fastened in a borehole by means of a cement suspension or the like. The hardening cement suspension fills the entire cavity of the borehole remaining around the anchor rod. An anchor plate can be attached to the nail head protruding from the borehole. However, these soil nails are systems that cannot be tensioned.
  • prestressing anchors are to be distinguished from these soil nails.
  • a part of the anchor rod installed in the borehole must remain as a so-called prestressing section or, in other words, free play section.
  • the anchor rod In this free play section, the anchor rod must not come into direct contact with the hardening cement suspension in the borehole. In the free play course, no forces should be diverted from the anchor rod directly into the ground.
  • prestressing anchors that a borehole is drilled first, with support tubing being installed in addition to the drill rods when drilling in non-stable material. After completion of the borehole, the drill rod and the drill bit are completely removed from the borehole.
  • the anchor rod Only then is the anchor rod inserted into the completed borehole and fixed in an area of the borehole facing away from the borehole mouth, the so-called adhesion section, by means of cement suspension or the like. Towards the mouth of the borehole, the free play section remains, in which the anchor rod is not in contact with the surrounding soil via the cement suspension. This free play section can then be used as a prestressing section for tensioning the prestressing anchor.
  • the disadvantage of this technology is the increased effort that results from the fact that you first have to drill the borehole with an ordinary drill rod and an ordinary drill bit and, if necessary, even casing, then remove it from the borehole and then install the prestressing anchor in the borehole.
  • Prestressing anchor has been used.
  • the anchor rod is used as a drill rod itself, analogous to the self-drilling nail technology described above.
  • it carries a drill bit at its front end, which then remains in the borehole together with the anchor rod as a so-called lost drill bit.
  • cladding tubes were used in these generic prestressing anchors, which surround the anchor rod in an area arranged at a distance from the drill bit. In the prior art, however, these cladding tubes are only ever arranged in the area between two successive anchor connection sleeves of the anchor rod.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a prestressing anchor of the above-mentioned type in such a way that a continuous jacket tube can be installed in an area spaced from the drill bit in order to ensure the formation of the free play section required for tensioning.
  • the invention proposes that the cladding tube for co-rotating the cladding tube with the anchor rod during a drilling process by means of at least one coupling of the prestressing anchor in at least one circumferential direction around a longitudinal direction of the anchor rod with the Tie rod is positively coupled or positively coupled.
  • the invention thus provides for the prestressing anchor to be designed by means of the coupling in such a way that the cladding tube is rotated along with the anchor rod via the forced coupling during the drilling process.
  • This allows the cladding tube to be installed in the borehole in any length in a simple manner, so that a corresponding free play section, as required depending on the application for tensioning the prestressing anchor and for transferring loads in the desired area of the total length, can be implemented.
  • the drilling devices or drilling units known and available in the prior art can be used, which can also be used to insert the self-drilling nails mentioned at the beginning into the respective geological formation.
  • Prestressing anchors according to the invention can be adapted in a simple manner both with regard to their length and with regard to their diameter to the requirements to be met on site.
  • the anchor rod is formed in several parts from two or more anchor rods arranged one behind the other in the direction of longitudinal extension of the anchor rod and two successive anchor rods are connected to one another by means of an anchor connecting sleeve.
  • the same also applies to the cladding tube.
  • This can also consist of two or more in In the direction of longitudinal extent of the anchor rod, partial casing tubes arranged one behind the other can be formed, in turn, two successive partial casing tubes being connected to one another by means of a casing tube socket.
  • this measure allows the length of the prestressing anchors to be formed in the geological formation to be freely adapted to the individual requirements on site by using a corresponding number of anchor rods and partial casing tubes in order to form the total anchor rod and the casing tube required .
  • standard lengths of the partial anchor rod and the partial enveloping tube can be used in order to form the anchor rod actually required on site and the correspondingly required enveloping tube in a cost-effective and simple manner.
  • Even the standard lengths of the tie rod can be shortened or lengthened at any point, thereby achieving maximum flexibility.
  • a further advantage of this preferred embodiment variant is that it is possible to work with relatively short anchor rods and cladding tubes, for example if there is relatively little space on site when installing the prestressing anchor according to the invention in the geological formation.
  • prestressing anchors it is preferably provided that at least one of the, preferably all, anchor connection sleeves are arranged within the cladding tube.
  • the anchor rod or the anchor rods advantageously have an external thread over their entire length with which they can be screwed into corresponding internal threads of an anchor connecting sleeve in order to connect two successive anchor rods to one another.
  • the external thread on the anchor rod can also be used in a manner known per se for screwing on the anchor nut used for tensioning and also for screwing on the drill bit attached to the front end of the anchor rod.
  • the thread shape and the direction of rotation during the drilling process should, of course, preferably be coordinated with one another in such a way that the screw connection is not unintentionally unscrewed during the drilling process.
  • the cladding tube is composed of several partial cladding tubes and corresponding cladding tube sleeves.
  • the casing part tubes also advantageously have an external thread with which they can be screwed into corresponding internal threads of casing tube sleeves in order to connect two successive casing part pipes to one another.
  • all screw connections on the prestressing anchor according to the invention are designed in such a way that they are acted upon in the closing direction during the drilling process. This generally prevents the screw connections of the prestressing anchor from being unscrewed inadvertently.
  • the anchor rod of a prestressing anchor according to the invention is hollow on the inside.
  • the anchor rod or the anchor rods from which it is composed have an inner cavity which is continuous in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod and through which drilling fluid suspension in the interior of the drilling process passes
  • Anchor rod can be transported to the drill bit in order to emerge from the drill bit there and fill the borehole outside the prestressing anchor.
  • the drilling fluid suspension advantageously has a dual function. On the one hand, it serves to stabilize the borehole during the drilling process and, above all, to transport the material cut out of the geological formation by means of the drill bit outside the prestressing anchor through the borehole to the borehole mouth.
  • the drilling fluid suspension is expediently a cement suspension, liquid concrete or the like.
  • pinch seals known per se can be used in these anchor connection sleeves between the anchor rods which meet there. These are available on the market. They seal the anchor connection sleeve or the anchor rods screwed into it from the outside, but do not hinder the transport of the drilling fluid suspension through the anchor rod.
  • geological formation which the prestressing anchor is intended to secure, is to be understood in general terms. It can be loose material as well as solid rock as well as mixed forms of it.
  • the geological formation to be secured by means of the prestressing anchor can be a An embankment, a slope cut, a rock wall, but also a construction pit wall, to name just a few examples.
  • prestressing anchors according to the invention as is known per se in the prior art, plates, mats, grids, concrete facing shells, other reinforcements and the like can be attached to the geological formation in order to secure it in this way.
  • the prestressing anchors according to the invention enable the anchor rod that is fixed in the geological formation by means of the adhesive section to be prestressed in order to prevent further deformations of the geological formation to be secured as possible or at least only to a small extent.
  • the anchor rod or partial anchor rods, as well as the cladding tube or partial cladding tubes, any anchor connecting sleeves and / or cladding tube sleeves, as well as the couplings for the forced coupling of the cladding tube and anchor rod are advantageously made of metal, preferably steel. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to use other materials, provided they have the strength required on site.
  • the coupling which forcibly couples the cladding tube to the anchor rod in the circumferential direction so that the cladding tube is rotated with the anchor rod during the drilling process, can in principle be designed very differently.
  • preferred variants of the invention provide that the cladding tube is decoupled from the anchor rod in the direction of longitudinal extent of the anchor rod by means of the coupling.
  • the coupling ensures the forced coupling according to the invention between the cladding tube and anchor rod in the circumferential direction, but nevertheless ensures a decoupling of the cladding tube and anchor rod in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod. This has the advantage that after its installation in the borehole, the cladding tube is decoupled from the anchor rod in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod during the tensioning process and therefore cannot be tensioned during this tensioning process.
  • preferred variants of the invention provide that the cladding tube is sealed against the anchor rod in its end area facing the drill bit to prevent the cladding tube from being filled with drilling fluid suspension is.
  • this sealing can be ensured, for example, by appropriate sealing welding of this connection.
  • the coupling is designed in such a way that it fills the end of the cladding tube facing the drill bit, in the area around the anchor rod, at least to the extent that or seals that no or at least only an insignificant amount of drilling fluid suspension can penetrate into the cladding tube for the later clamping process.
  • the main aim is to prevent the cladding tube from being filled with drilling fluid suspension.
  • preferred variants of the invention provide that the coupling is designed in at least two parts.
  • Preferred variants of the invention are therefore characterized in that the coupling has a first coupling part formed or fixed on the end of the cladding tube facing the drill bit and a second coupling part fixed on the anchor rod.
  • the coupling parts each have at least one form-locking element for forming the positive coupling in the circumferential direction.
  • each of the coupling parts has an annular or sleeve-shaped base body and the at least one form-locking element of this coupling part is molded or fixed on the base body and protrudes from the base body in a direction parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the anchor rod.
  • each of the coupling parts has at least two or exactly two form-locking elements, the form-locking elements of the respective coupling part being arranged at a distance from one another on the base body of the respective coupling part and protruding from the base body of this coupling part in the same direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod.
  • the coupling parts can be fork-like, the form-locking elements forming corresponding prongs of this imaginary fork, which in the circumferential direction around the anchor rod ensure the corresponding form-fit and thus the forced coupling, in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod but for decoupling when the prestressing anchor is tensioned be pulled apart between the anchor rod and the cladding tube without offering any resistance.
  • the coupling parts each have at least one frictional engagement surface for forming the forced coupling in the circumferential direction, preferably exclusively by means of frictional engagement.
  • a mixture of frictional engagement and positive engagement is also conceivable in order to couple the coupling parts to one another in the circumferential direction.
  • it can also be a matter of pure form-locking or pure frictional-locking variants.
  • each of the coupling parts has an annular or sleeve-shaped base body and, in the first coupling part, the frictional engagement surface is designed as an inwardly facing surface of the annular or sleeve-shaped base body, and in the second coupling part, the frictional engagement surface is designed as one outwardly facing surface of the ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body is formed.
  • the first coupling part and / or in the case of the second coupling part, the respective frictional engagement surface is or are designed in the form of a truncated cone. At this point, one could also speak of a conical design of the respective frictional engagement surface.
  • the shape of the truncated cone is particularly preferably that of a circular truncated cone.
  • the truncated cones or circular truncated cones are advantageously designed to taper in the direction of the drill bit both on the first coupling part and on the second coupling part. In other words, it is advantageously provided that the cross-sectional area of the respective truncated cone or cone decreases in the direction of the drill bit.
  • both the first coupling part and the second coupling part each have a longitudinal center axis and the longitudinal center axis of the respective coupling part encloses an angle in the range between 1 ° and 10 °, preferably between 2 ° and 5 °, with the frictional engagement surface of the respective coupling part .
  • the anchor rod can be passed through the ring or sleeve-shaped base body of the first coupling part.
  • the first coupling part is preferably mounted with its base body on the anchor rod so as to be displaceable.
  • the second coupling part is preferably fixed on the anchor rod with its ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body. This can take place, for example, in that the second coupling part is screwed onto the anchor rod with its ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body.
  • This screw connection between the external thread of the anchor rod and a corresponding internal thread of the ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body of the second coupling part can additionally through a corresponding lock nut must be secured.
  • An anchor connection sleeve screwed onto the anchor rod directly behind the base body of the second coupling part can serve as a lock nut.
  • a spacer tube is arranged between one of the anchor connection sleeves and the second coupling part fixed to the anchor rod.
  • the spacer tube can also act as a type of lock or lock nut for the second coupling part due to its support on the anchor connection sleeve.
  • the spacer tube can be used to generate a fixed offset between the partial envelope tubes and the armature sections, which, as explained further below in the description of the figures, can simplify the assembly when installing the armature sections and the partial envelope tubes.
  • the second coupling part is arranged inside the cladding tube in a coupling position in which the coupling parts are coupled to one another.
  • the two coupling parts of the coupling viewed in the circumferential direction, can engage one another without play.
  • the coupling parts engage with one another in the circumferential direction with play in one or the coupling position in which the coupling parts are coupled to one another.
  • the anchor rod can initially be rotated a little relative to the cladding tube in the circumferential direction around its longitudinal extension direction until the form-fitting elements of the two coupling parts abut against one another comes. Only when the form-locking elements of the two coupling parts are in contact with one another, seen in the circumferential direction, is the forced coupling between the cladding tube and anchor rod in the circumferential direction, so that from then on the cladding tube is rotated with the anchor rod during the drilling process by means of the coupling.
  • the invention also relates to a method for installing a prestressing anchor according to the invention in a geological formation.
  • a drill hole is drilled into the geological formation with the drill bit attached to the front end of the anchor rod and, during the drilling process, drilling fluid suspension is conveyed through the internally hollow anchor rod to the drill bit and introduced through the drill bit into the borehole.
  • the cladding tube, surrounding the anchor rod can then be installed in the borehole and positively coupled to the anchor rod in the circumferential direction by means of the coupling, the cladding tube then being rotated along with the anchor rod in the circumferential direction when the drilling process is continued.
  • the drilling process can then be continued until the prestressing anchor is inserted into the geological formation to the required depth.
  • corresponding anchor rods and envelope tubes with corresponding anchor connection sleeves or sleeve sleeves can be mounted one behind the other in order to achieve the length of the adhesion section and the free play section required on site, with the free play section being formed in the duct.
  • an anchor plate and an anchor nut can be attached in a known manner to the end of the anchor rod protruding from the borehole mouth in order to tension the prestressing anchor by tightening the anchor nut.
  • the clamping forces achieved in this way can be measured in a manner known per se, so that the pretensioning force required in each case can be set.
  • Fig. 1 shows the state of a first exemplary embodiment of a prestressing anchor 1 according to the invention, completely installed in the geological formation 2, in which the drilling fluid suspension 9 has already hardened in the borehole 17.
  • the drill bit 4 is attached.
  • the anchor rod 3 here served as a drill rod.
  • the area between the drill bit 4 and the end of the cladding tube 5 facing the drill bit 4 forms the adhesive path in which the anchor rod 3 is connected directly to the geological formation 2 surrounding the borehole by means of the hardened drilling fluid suspension 9.
  • the anchor rod 3 is, so to speak, held or anchored in the geological formation 2 in this detention section.
  • the anchor rod 3 is hollow on the inside over its entire length, so that during the drilling process the drilling fluid suspension 9, which is still liquid at this point in time, is transported through the anchor rod 3 to the drill bit 4 and can exit via the drill bit 4 into the borehole 17, thereby removing the borehole 17 during the drilling process in the in Fig. 1 to fill the illustrated manner.
  • the anchor rod 3 is surrounded by the cladding tube 5.
  • the coupling 6 is designed in such a way that the cladding tube 5 is sealed against the anchor rod 3 in its end region 10 facing the drill bit 4, so that the cladding tube 5 is not filled with drilling fluid suspension 9.
  • the free play section of the anchor rod 3, which is used to prestress the prestressing anchor 1, is located within the cladding tube 5.
  • the prestressing anchor 1 is prestressed in this Embodiment in a manner known per se, in that an anchor plate 19 is pushed in the region of the borehole mouth 18 onto the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18.
  • the anchor rod 3 and thus the prestressing anchor 1 are then prestressed in its longitudinal direction 8 to the required extent.
  • the anchor nut 20 is then screwed onto the external thread of the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17 while maintaining the prestress.
  • the coupling 6, which will be explained in detail further below, allows the anchor rod 3 to be decoupled from the cladding tube 5 in the direction of longitudinal extension 8 of the anchor rod 3 during this prestressing process.
  • the anchor rod 3 is formed from several anchor rods 15 arranged one behind the other in the direction of longitudinal extension 8 of the anchor rod 3, two successive anchor rods 15 being connected to one another by means of an anchor connecting sleeve 16.
  • the anchor connecting sleeves 16 have an internal thread into which the two successive anchor rods 15 to be connected can be screwed with their external thread 21.
  • a per se known pinch seal or other sealing elements can be arranged between the two anchor rods 15, within the anchor connection sleeve 16.
  • the cladding tube 5 is also constructed from a plurality of partial cladding tubes 22 arranged one behind the other in the direction of longitudinal extent 8 of the anchor rod 3.
  • the partial casing pipes 22 arranged one behind the other are connected to one another by means of casing pipe sleeves 23.
  • each partial casing pipe 22 has a corresponding external thread at its ends, which can be screwed into a corresponding internal thread of the casing pipe socket 23.
  • welded connections or other connections between the cladding part tubes 22 and the cladding tube sockets 23 are also possible. The same naturally also applies to the anchor rods 15 and the anchor connecting sleeves 16.
  • the coupling 6, which according to the invention ensures a forced coupling of the cladding tube 5 and anchor rod 3 in the circumferential direction 7 around the longitudinal direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 in order to ensure that the cladding tube 5 rotates with the anchor rod 3 during the drilling process, is also in two parts in this first exemplary embodiment built up. It has a first coupling part 11 and a second coupling part 12.
  • the first coupling part 11 is fixed at the end of the cladding tube 5 facing the drill bit 4. This fixation can take place, for example, by welding this first coupling part 11 onto the corresponding jacket tube 5 or jacket part tube 22. This can be carried out even before the partial casing pipes 22 or the casing pipe 5 are transported to the construction site.
  • the second coupling part 12 is fixed on the anchor rod 3.
  • both coupling parts 11 and 12 each have form-locking elements 13 for forming the positive coupling in the circumferential direction 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows, enlarged and in a perspective illustration, the coupling 6 placed on the anchor rod 3, the cladding tube 5 fixed on the base body 14 of the first coupling part 11 not being shown.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show the first coupling part 11 ( Fig. 4 ) and the second coupling part 12 ( Fig. 3 ) of the first embodiment, each in a side view.
  • Each of the coupling parts 11 and 12 has an annular or sleeve-shaped base body 14, on which, in this exemplary embodiment, two form-locking elements 13 are fixed or formed. These form-fit elements 13 each protrude from the base body 14 in a direction parallel to the direction of longitudinal extent 8 of the anchor rod 3.
  • each of the coupling parts 11 and 12 has two form-locking elements 13, which are arranged at a distance from one another on the respective base body 14 and protrude from the respective base body 14 in the same direction parallel to the longitudinal extension direction 8 of the anchor rod 3.
  • Both coupling parts 11 and 12 of the first exemplary embodiment thus have a kind of fork-like structure, so that they can interlock with the form-locking elements 13 in order to do so to be able to bring about the desired positive coupling in the circumferential direction 7.
  • Fig. 2 it can be clearly seen that in this embodiment the coupling parts 11 and 12 in the coupling position in which the coupling parts 11 and 12 are coupled to one another, mesh with one another in the circumferential direction 7 with play.
  • the anchor rod 3 can be rotated a little with the second coupling part 12 fixed on it in the circumferential direction 7 during the drilling process before the form-locking elements 13 of the second coupling part 12 strike the form-locking elements 13 of the first coupling part 11.
  • the coupling 6 creates the forced coupling of the cladding tube 5 and anchor rod 3, which ensures that the cladding tube 5 is rotated with the anchor rod 3 around the longitudinal direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 while the drilling process is continued.
  • the first coupling part 11 can be welded to the cladding tube 5 or fastened in some other suitable manner.
  • the second coupling part 12 is fixed via the sleeve-like base body 14 of the second coupling part 12, which has an internal thread (not shown here) with which the second coupling part 12 is screwed onto the external thread 21 of the anchor rod 3.
  • the anchor connection sleeve 16 arranged directly behind it forms a type of lock nut for the second coupling part 12, which additionally fixes the second coupling part 12 on the anchor rod 3. While the anchor rod 3 is fixed on the second coupling part 12, it is only passed through the base body 14 of the first coupling part 11 so that the anchor rod 3 is in the first Coupling part 11 is slidably mounted.
  • the remaining annular gap between the anchor rod 3 and the base body 14 of the first coupling part 11 is made so small in preferred exemplary embodiments that there is no or at least no significant entry of the drilling fluid suspension 9 into the end area 10 and thus into the cavity in the cladding tube 5 during the drilling process comes.
  • the coupling 6 is designed overall in such a way that it prevents the cladding tube 5 from being filled with drilling fluid suspension 9 during the drilling process.
  • the drill bit 4 is attached to the anchor rod 3 or to the first anchor rod 15.
  • the drilling device not shown here, engages in a manner known per se on the rear end of the anchor rod 3 or the anchor rod element 15 facing away from the drill bit 4.
  • the anchor rod 3 is used as a drill rod with which the drill bit 4 is rotated in the circumferential direction 7 around the longitudinal extension direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 during the drilling process.
  • the drill bit 4 cuts material out of the geological formation 2, so that the borehole 17 is gradually drilled deeper and deeper.
  • drilling fluid suspension is passed through the internally hollow anchor rod 3 in a manner known per se Core bit 4 promoted.
  • the drilling fluid suspension 9 exits at the front end of the borehole via the drill bit 4 and, as it flows back towards the borehole mouth 18, conveys the material cut out of the geological formation to the borehole mouth 18. This is known per se and does not need to be explained further.
  • the spacers 24 that may be used ensure that the anchor rod 3 does not rest against the walls of the already drilled part of the borehole 17 and does not rub during the drilling process. How deep the borehole 17 is initially drilled in this way depends on how long the adhesive path is to be formed.
  • a further anchor rod 15 can be attached by means of an anchor connecting sleeve 16 in a manner known per se at the given time, when the first anchor rod 15 is largely sunk in the borehole 17 then continue drilling in the manner described.
  • the cladding tube 5 or the first partial cladding tube 22 at the borehole mouth 18 are pushed onto the end section of the anchor rod 3 that is protruding out of the borehole 17 at this point in time.
  • the first coupling part 11 with its base body 14 was fastened to the cladding tube 5 in advance.
  • the anchor rod 3 is separated in a manner known per se from the drilling device, not shown here.
  • the second Coupling part 12 with its base body 14 and the internal thread arranged therein can be screwed onto the external thread 21 of the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17.
  • the second coupling part 12 is, as in Fig. 7 to see, screwed so far onto the anchor rod 3 that the form-locking elements 13 of the two coupling parts 11 and 12 come into engagement with one another.
  • the subsequent anchor rod 15 with the anchor connecting sleeve 16 is screwed onto the previous end of the anchor rod 3.
  • FIG. 9 yet another cladding part tube 22 can be attached to the first cladding part tube 22 by means of a corresponding cladding tube socket 23.
  • the drilling device is again attached to the end of the anchor rod 3 in order to continue the drilling process in that the anchor rod 3 with the drill bit 4 is rotated again in the circumferential direction 7.
  • the coupling 6 now ensures a corresponding forced coupling between the cladding tube 5 and anchor rod 3 in the circumferential direction 7, so that the cladding tube 5 is now rotated with the anchor rod 3 when the drilling process is continued.
  • a very short partial enveloping tube 22 is used as the first partial enveloping tube 22.
  • the second coupling part 12 can then be screwed onto the external thread 21 of the anchor rod 3 within the cladding tube 5 or the cladding part tube 22, for example using a correspondingly long tool.
  • the attachment of the next anchor rod 15 by means of the anchor connecting sleeve 16 can also take place within the cladding tube 5.
  • Another possibility would also be to initially only place the first coupling part 11 on the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17, then screw the second coupling part 12 onto the anchor rod 3, and only then push the casing tube 5 on and close it on the first coupling part 11 fasten, in particular weld on.
  • both the cladding tube 5 and the anchor rod 3 can be lengthened until the desired lengths are reached by appropriately splitting the partial enveloping tubes 22 and partial anchor rods 15.
  • the anchor plate 19 is placed on the end section of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the mouth 18 of the borehole, if necessary after shortening the cladding tube 5 accordingly and after the drilling fluid suspension 9 has hardened.
  • the anchor rod 3 and thus the prestressing anchor 1 is prestressed in its longitudinal direction 8 to the required extent.
  • the desired prestressing state of the prestressing anchor 1 according to the invention can then be fixed and also checked using known measuring methods.
  • Fig. 10 again shows the final state, which Fig. 1 corresponds to.
  • FIGS Figures 11 to 20 a variant of a prestressing anchor 1 according to the invention, in which the coupling parts 11 and 12 each have at least one frictional engagement surface 26 and 27 for forming the positive coupling in the circumferential direction 7 by means of frictional engagement.
  • This exemplary embodiment is one in which the coupling of the coupling parts takes place exclusively by means of frictional engagement.
  • mixed forms of positive couplings based on positive engagement on the one hand and frictional engagement on the other hand in the circumferential direction 7 are also possible.
  • Fig. 11 shows a longitudinal section through a borehole 17, at which the prestressing anchor 1 according to the invention of the second embodiment is completely installed and prestressed.
  • Fig. 12 shows enlarged the area between the coupling 6 used here and the first anchor connection sleeve 16 following it in the direction of the mouth 18 of the borehole, enlarged in FIG Fig. 12 the cladding tube 5 or the partial cladding tube 22 and also the outer regions of the borehole 17 are not shown.
  • Fig. 13 shows the second coupling part 12 of this exemplary embodiment enlarged in a longitudinal section. The first coupling part 11 of this variant is shown in FIG Fig. 14 shown enlarged.
  • each of the two coupling parts 11 and 12 of this exemplary embodiment has at least one frictional engagement surface 26 or 27, which is used to form the positive coupling in the circumferential direction 7.
  • this forced coupling takes place exclusively by frictional engagement between the two frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27.
  • Both coupling parts 11 and 12 each have an annular or sleeve-shaped base body 14.
  • the frictional engagement surface 26 is designed as an inwardly facing surface of the annular or sleeve-shaped base body 14.
  • the frictional engagement surface 27 is designed as an outwardly facing surface of the ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body 14.
  • Both frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27 are designed in the form of a truncated cone or cone. It is a truncated circular cone. Both circular truncated cones taper in the direction of the drill bit 4.
  • the second coupling part 12 screwed onto the anchor rod 3 by means of its internal thread 32 in this exemplary embodiment, is correspondingly pressed into the first Coupling part 11 in the direction of longitudinal extension 8 towards the drill bit 4, there is frictional engagement between the frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27 and thus between the coupling parts 11 and 12, which on the one hand results in the desired positive coupling in the circumferential direction 7.
  • this also enables the casing tube 5 to be decoupled from the anchor rod 3 in the longitudinal direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 when the drill bit 4 with the area of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the casing tube 5 and from the coupling 6 by means of the hardened drilling fluid suspension 9 in the borehole 17 is anchored and the area of the anchor rod 3 within the cladding tube 5 is tensioned by tightening the anchor nut 20 accordingly.
  • the angle 31 shown between the respective frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27 of the respective coupling part 11 and 12 and the respective longitudinal center axis 29 and 30 of the respective coupling part 11 and 12 is advantageously in a range between 1 ° and 10 °, particularly preferably in the range between 2 ° and 5 °. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is an angle 31 of 3.44 ° in each case.
  • the length of the coupling parts 11 and 12 can be between 40 mm and 60 mm, to name just one example.
  • the first cladding part tube 22 is advantageously screwed directly onto a corresponding external thread 33 of the first coupling part 11 with its cladding tube socket 23, which in this exemplary embodiment is arranged directly on the cladding part tube 22.
  • the coupling part 11 and the corresponding enveloping tube 22 or enveloping tube 5 can also be fixed to one another in a different manner, as has already been explained.
  • the coefficient of static friction between these two friction-locking surfaces 26 and 27 can be, for example, of the order of 0.15.
  • a second difference between the second exemplary embodiment shown here and the first exemplary embodiment described above is that in this variant implemented here, the cladding tube sleeves 23 are formed on the corresponding partial cladding tubes 22 or at their ends.
  • FIG. 12 Another difference to the first embodiment in this second embodiment is the use of the in Fig. 12 Particularly clearly visible spacer tube 28. It is a component arranged between one of the anchor connection sleeves 16 and the second coupling part 12 fixed on the anchor rod 3.
  • the spacer tube 28 is advantageously between the in Fig. 12 clearly visible anchor connection sleeve 16 and the second coupling part 12 clamped.
  • the anchor rod 3 is expediently passed through the spacer tube 28.
  • the spacer tube 28 As explained in detail below, ensures a recurring offset between the respective built-in anchor sections 15 and the respective built-in partial envelope tubes 22. This applies in particular when the anchor segments 15 and the partial envelope tubes 22 are of the same length are.
  • Another effect of the spacer tube 28 at the end of the installation is the fact that the rear end of the anchor rod 3 protrudes so far out of the borehole mouth 18 that there is enough protrusion for the assembly of the anchor plate 19 and the anchor nut 20.
  • a third advantage is that the spacer tube 28 provides rear support of the second coupling part 12 on the anchor connection sleeve 16, so that the anchor connection sleeve 16 can also act as a lock nut for the second coupling part 12 in its distant arrangement.
  • Figs. 15-20 some steps in the installation of a prestressing anchor 1 according to the invention according to the second exemplary embodiment are explained.
  • the differences to the first one will essentially be emphasized Embodiment received and otherwise on the above descriptions to the Figures 5 to 10 and thus referred to the first embodiment.
  • the drilling device (not shown) engages in a manner known per se on the rear end of the anchor rod 3 or anchor rod element 15 facing away from the drill bit 4.
  • the anchor rod 3 is used as a drill rod with which the drill bit 4 is rotated in the circumferential direction 7 during the drilling process.
  • Fig. 15 there is still no difference to Fig. 5 so that it does not have to be discussed further here.
  • the anchor rod 3 is separated from the drilling device (not shown here) and, as in FIG Fig. 16 shown, the first coupling part 11 is pushed onto the end of the anchor rod 3 or the anchor section 15 protruding from the borehole mouth 18.
  • the second coupling part 12 is then screwed with its internal thread 32 onto the external thread 21 of the rear end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18.
  • the spacer tube 28 is pushed onto the rear end of the anchor rod 3, so that the situation is achieved as it is in Fig. 17 is shown. Now, on the rear end of the anchor rod 3, as in Fig.
  • the next anchor section 15 are screwed on by means of a corresponding anchor connecting sleeve 16.
  • a corresponding pinch seal is favorably arranged between the anchor sections 15 within the anchor connection sleeve 16.
  • the first Hüllteilrohr 22 on the external thread 33 of the first Coupling part 11 are screwed or fastened in some other way.
  • the spacer tube 28 provides as in Fig. 19 easy to see, for the fact that a certain length of the anchor rod 3 always protrudes from the last, just assembled partial envelope tube 22. In particular in the case of partial enveloping tubes 22 and armature sections 15 of the same length, this offset is maintained in a simple manner until the end of the drilling process.
  • the drill can be connected to the anchor rod 3 again at the rear end, that is to say the end opposite the drill bit 4.
  • the drilling process is now continued in that the anchor rod 3 together with the drill bit 4 and cladding tube 5 is rotated in the circumferential direction 7.
  • the forced coupling between the cladding tube 5 and the anchor rod 3 is provided by the friction-locked coupling 6 between the first coupling part 11 and the second coupling part 12.
  • the pump pumped in the inner cavity of the anchor rod 3 to the drill bit 4 and through it conveys into the borehole exiting drilling fluid suspension 9, as is generally customary, the drill cuttings separated from the geological formation 2 in the direction of the borehole mouth 18.
  • the drilling device can be separated from the anchor rod 3 again, whereupon the next anchor section 15 and then the next jacket tube 22 are installed in the corresponding jacket tube socket 23 by means of a further anchor connection sleeve 16 can. This continues until the borehole 17 has reached the desired depth. Then, as in Fig. 20 shown, at the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18, the anchor plate 19 is placed and the anchor nut 20 is screwed on. As soon as the drilling fluid suspension 9 has hardened, the anchor rod can be tightened accordingly by tightening the anchor nut 20 3 are stretched within the cladding tube 5 and thus on the prestressing section.
  • the clutch 6, which is based on frictional engagement here in this second exemplary embodiment, is decoupled in the direction of longitudinal extension 8 of the anchor rod 3 by pulling the two clutch parts 11 and 12 apart.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP20200534.4A 2019-10-17 2020-10-07 Ancre de précontrainte permettant de sécuriser une formation géologique Active EP3808934B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM121/2019U AT16940U1 (de) 2019-10-17 2019-10-17 Vorspannanker zum Sichern einer geologischen Formation

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EP3808934A1 true EP3808934A1 (fr) 2021-04-21
EP3808934B1 EP3808934B1 (fr) 2022-02-09

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AT (1) AT16940U1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116595850B (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-11-17 中国矿业大学 恒定预紧力端锚粗糙层状岩体剪切增韧颗粒流数值方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4204533A1 (de) * 1992-02-15 1993-08-19 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg Injektionsbohranker
DE19503122A1 (de) * 1995-02-01 1996-08-08 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Injektionsanker
DE19512119A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Entwässern der einen Hohlraum umgebenden Gebirgsschichten
US6145601A (en) * 1997-06-18 2000-11-14 Techmo Entwicklungs-Und Vertriebs Gmbh Method and device for boring holes

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7896580B2 (en) * 2005-11-09 2011-03-01 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Self drilling rock bolt
US20130011204A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Amcon Limited Method and apparatus for forming pilings and anchors

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4204533A1 (de) * 1992-02-15 1993-08-19 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg Injektionsbohranker
DE19503122A1 (de) * 1995-02-01 1996-08-08 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Injektionsanker
DE19512119A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Entwässern der einen Hohlraum umgebenden Gebirgsschichten
US6145601A (en) * 1997-06-18 2000-11-14 Techmo Entwicklungs-Und Vertriebs Gmbh Method and device for boring holes

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AT16940U1 (de) 2020-12-15
EP3808934B1 (fr) 2022-02-09

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