EP3747547A1 - Schneidmesser, verfahren zum ersetzen einer messerspitze dieses schneidmessers und messerspitzensatzteil zur verwendung in diesem verfahren - Google Patents

Schneidmesser, verfahren zum ersetzen einer messerspitze dieses schneidmessers und messerspitzensatzteil zur verwendung in diesem verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3747547A1
EP3747547A1 EP19178181.4A EP19178181A EP3747547A1 EP 3747547 A1 EP3747547 A1 EP 3747547A1 EP 19178181 A EP19178181 A EP 19178181A EP 3747547 A1 EP3747547 A1 EP 3747547A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
knife
base part
elongate
knife tip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19178181.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Kjaersgaard
Tommy Langelund Jakobsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
M&J Denmark AS
Original Assignee
Metso Denmark AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Denmark AS filed Critical Metso Denmark AS
Priority to EP19178181.4A priority Critical patent/EP3747547A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2020/065450 priority patent/WO2020245253A1/en
Publication of EP3747547A1 publication Critical patent/EP3747547A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
    • B26D7/2614—Means for mounting the cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B02C18/184—Disc-shaped knives with peripherally arranged demountable cutting tips or elements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cutting knife for a cutting shaft in a comminution apparatus.
  • the disclosure further relates to a method for replacing a knife tip of such a cutting knife, and a knife tip replacement part for use in said method.
  • Comminution apparatuses also referred to as shredders, are used for comminuting (by cutting, shredding and shearing) wood, metal parts, rubber and plastic material, garbage and other waste material, material for recycling or material for fuel. Such operation may be performed in connection with incineration, hazardous waste, demolition wood, domestic or industrial waste material, waste-to-energy conversion, recycling, landfills, etc.
  • One type of prior-art comminution apparatus comprises one or more rotatable cutting shafts provided with transversely extending cutting knives.
  • One or more sets of transversely extending fixed knife blades define a stationary cutting table for receiving waste material to be comminuted.
  • the counter knives in each set are mutually separated by openings through the cutting table.
  • the rotating knives extend partly down into said openings and co operate with the counter knives for comminuting the waste material.
  • the comminuted waste material falls down through said openings.
  • Prior-art comminution apparatuses of this kind are disclosed in WO 97/10057 and WO 2006/137033 .
  • An especially exposed region of the apparatus is the rotating cutting knifes, especially the cutting surfaces facing the material to be comminuted.
  • replaceable knife tip parts which comprise the cutting surfaces.
  • These replaceable knife tip parts are carried by a centrally located base part of the cutting knife, wherein the base part is attached to a cutting shaft axle.
  • the purpose of providing replaceable knife tip parts is primarily to facilitate a selective replacement of the parts of the cutting shaft which have been worn out, or in other ways damaged. There may also be other reasons for replacement, such as modification of the cutting properties by changing existing knife tip parts to different knife tip parts more suitable to the material comminuted by the apparatus.
  • a problem with the solutions of the art is that replacement of the knife tip parts is time-consuming and often also relatively complicated. There is thus a need for an improvement in the art.
  • a cutting knife for a cutting shaft in a comminution apparatus said cutting knife being a one-piece element which extends in a main plane transversely to a rotational axis of the cutting knife and which has an outer periphery in relation to the rotational axis, said one-piece element comprising a base part and one or more replaceable knife tip parts, wherein said base part is configured to be attached to an axle of said rotatable cutting shaft, and wherein each of said one or more replaceable knife tip parts is suitable for cutting material disposed in the comminution apparatus, and wherein each knife tip part is integrally formed with the base part at connection regions at the outer periphery and is partly separated from the base part by an associated elongate through-opening, said elongate through-opening:
  • the cutting knife of the disclosure may be advantageous as it allows for reducing the amount of work needed to replace worn out knife tip parts of a cutting knife of a cutting shaft.
  • the determining factor will be the relative decrease in the total cutting length that would be obtained by providing the elongate through-opening.
  • the replaceable knife tip part may be replaced by cutting away significantly less material than would have been required in absence of the elongate through-opening.
  • the elongate through-opening may thus functionally act as a pre-engineered cut.
  • the invention shares structure and function with a perforation.
  • material is cut away at both ends of the elongate extension so as to separate the base part from the replaceable knife tip part.
  • Cutting may be achieved by means of e.g. a flame cutter or a laser cutter.
  • Cutting may alternatively be achieved by means of a milling machine (e.g. a router), where material is removed by advancing a rotary cutter into the material.
  • the cutting knife is a result from the inventors' realization that providing an elongate through-opening, which has an inherent apparent disadvantage of introducing a weakening of the structural integrity of the cutting knife, also has the advantage of providing more efficient wear part replacement.
  • Sufficient structural integrity may be maintained for the proposed cutting knife by shaping, and locating, the elongate through-opening of the cutting knife in an appropriate way.
  • Design parameters include at least through-opening position relative to the outer periphery, through-opening shape, through-opening extension relative to dimensions of cutting knife etc.
  • simulation tools such as e.g. finite element software tools, are useful for providing optimum through-opening design parameters for a particular embodiment of a cutting knife, and/or for a particular use thereof.
  • the base part will have at least a portion of its surface defined by an almost untouched pre-engineered surface (i.e. parts of what was surfaces of the through-opening before cutting).
  • a pre-engineered surface provides a smooth and predictable abutment surface enabling a correct positioning of a new wear part, such as a knife tip replacement part of the present disclosure.
  • replaceable should not be construed merely as a name assigned to a part of the cutting knife which is possible to separate from the rest of the cutting knife (indeed, all parts of a cutting knife may be separated from the rest of the cutting knife). Instead, the term should be construed to mean that the cutting knife is configured such that the one or more knife tip parts are replaceable, said configurability being realized by the presence of the elongate through-opening.
  • the rotational axis is orthogonal to the main plane. This implies that the cutting knife will rotate in the main plane.
  • the cutting knife is a one-piece element.
  • the one or more replaceable knife tip parts are non-releasably attached to the base part.
  • There are thus no releasing means on the cutting knife such as e.g. a bolt, screw, spring, etc.
  • the only way to separate the one or more replaceable knife tip parts from the base part is to actively break the chemical bonds of the material, such as by removing parts of the material of the one-piece element by cutting.
  • the cutting knife is made from metal, such as steel.
  • the cutting knife may have uniform material properties.
  • the cutting knife may be molded, or formed by cutting, from an element having uniform material properties, so as to obtain its shape.
  • the one-piece element must not be construed so narrowly. It is conceivable that the cutting knife is made from two or more separate parts which are non-releasably attached to each other.
  • the one-piece element may be made from a base part which is welded together with one or more replaceable knife tip parts.
  • the cutting knife may be made from steel having different properties, such as e.g. different hardness.
  • the base part is attached to the replaceable knife tip parts by welding, it is conceivable that the base part has different properties than the replaceable knife tip parts.
  • the replaceable knife tip parts may have a higher hardness than the base part.
  • a cutting knife which is provided with, in addition to said one or more knife tip parts each being partly separated from the base part by an associated elongate through-opening, one or more additional cutting parts attached to the base part without any through-openings there between.
  • This may for example be necessary where a replaceable knife tip part is relatively small compared to the base part, and thus may need a connection to the base part all along their mutual interface in order for the replaceable knife tip part to withstand stresses during use.
  • the elongate extension of the elongate through-opening is non-linear in said main plane.
  • the non-linearity may be different for different embodiments of the cutting knife.
  • the elongate extension of the elongate through-opening may have at least one linear portion.
  • the elongate extension of the elongate through-opening has three linear portions aligned after each other and wherein neighboring linear portions are connected to each other by non-linear portions.
  • the non-linearity may facilitate a correct positioning of a knife tip replacement part, which is appropriately shaped to fit to the base part, after the replacement knife tip part has been removed from the base part by cutting.
  • said elongate extension defines:
  • the elongate extension may be 1.5, or even 1.75 times as long as the sum of said first and second minimum distances.
  • said elongate extension is located such that the one or more replaceable knife tip parts extend so as to constitute at least 70% of the outer periphery of the cutting knife. This may be advantageous as it allows removing relatively large parts of the cutting surface of the cutting knife.
  • the elongate extension is located such that the one or more replaceable knife tip parts extend so as to constitute at least 80%, or 85% or even 90% of the outer periphery of the cutting knife.
  • This may be achieved by providing a relatively larger number of relatively small replaceable knife tip parts distributed over the periphery. However, preferably, it is achieved by providing just a few larger replaceable knife tip parts, where each knife tip part extends so as to include a significant portion of the outer periphery of the cutting knife.
  • the elongate extension may for example be located such that the cutting required to separate the associated knife tip part from the base part will have to be separately performed at two substantially opposite ends of the periphery of the cutting knife.
  • the elongate extension may be arranged in the main plane such that a first line, which connects the rotational axis with the first end of the elongate through-opening, and a second line, which connects the rotational axis with the second end of the elongate through-opening, forms an angle of at least 50 degrees between each other.
  • Said lines may alternatively form an angle between each other being larger than 60 degrees.
  • Said lines may alternatively form an angle between each other being larger than 70 degrees.
  • said elongate through-opening is at least partly defined by a slit which forms a slit gap between the base part and the associated knife tip part.
  • the slit may be advantageous for several reasons. Firstly, a slit is relatively easy to manufacture using e.g. a flame cutter or a laser cutter. Secondly, the elongate through-opening is narrow enough for preventing waste material from getting stuck in the opening during comminution.
  • the slit gap also referred to as the kerf, may have a gap width of 0.5 - 10 mm.
  • the slit gap width may be substantially constant along the elongate extension. Alternatively, the slit gap width may vary as function of position along the elongate extension. Preferable the slit gap width is less than 6 mm.
  • the slit gap width is typically around 3 mm.
  • the slit gap is usually less than 3 mm, such as e.g. 1 mm, or 0.5 mm.
  • the elongate through-opening is further defined by one or more stress-relief openings, wherein each opening of said one or more stress-relief openings is defined at an associated end of said elongate extension so as to form a stress-relief opening gap between the base part and the associated knife tip part, wherein the stress-relief opening gap has a gap width being larger than a gap width of a central portion of the elongate through-opening, said one or more stress-relief openings being structured and arranged to spatially distribute internal forces induced in the cutting knife when in use.
  • the stress-relief opening gap may have a gap width being ⁇ 10 times larger than a gap width of a central portion of the elongate through-opening.
  • the stress-relief opening gap may have a gap width being within a range of 50-150% of a minimum distance between the associated stress-relief opening and the outer periphery.
  • the stress-relief opening gap is about one order of magnitude smaller than a radius of the cutting knife.
  • the stress-relief opening gap may typically be around 45 mm.
  • the center portion of the elongate through-opening may define the slit.
  • the stress-relief openings serve the purpose of improving the structural integrity of the cutting knife, a structural integrity which may in some situations be compromised by the mere existence of the elongate through-opening. It is understood that geometrical shapes and dimensions of said openings may vary dependent on the embodiment of the cutting knife. However, generally, the stress-relief openings will be of most use for embodiments having a relatively narrow elongate through-opening, such as e.g. the embodiment wherein the elongate through-opening is a slit. Without the stress-relief openings disposed at either end of the otherwise narrow elongate through opening (the slit), the internal material stresses may rise to unsafe levels just at the end of the through-opening.
  • the internal stresses will be distributed over a larger material volume, hence decreasing peak values.
  • the purpose of the stress-relief openings may further be to position the highest level of stress. It is best to avoid high stress level in the area of the weld, simply because high stress levels in such areas may reduce the lifetime of the cutting knife (as determined e.g. by the replaceable knife tip part breaking loose from the base part).
  • a center portion of the elongate through-opening is defined by a slit and end portions of the elongate through opening is defined by associated stress-relief openings.
  • the stress relief openings are not designed based on geometrical concerns. Instead, the design of the stress relief openings will depend on the stress level within the material at the end of the elongate through-opening. The smaller the stress-relief opening the larger the stress peak. The larger the stress-relief opening, the smaller the stress peak.
  • the one or more stress-relief openings have rounded, preferably circular, cross sections as defined in said main plane.
  • the rounded form effectively prevents the occurrence of sharp corners or edges, which may further aid in minimizing high internal stress peaks in the material.
  • said one or more replaceable knife tip parts comprises two replaceable knife tip parts being disposed on opposite sides of the base part.
  • Each replaceable knife tip part may comprise one or more cutting teeth.
  • Each replaceable knife tip part may comprise two or more cutting teeth.
  • each knife tip part comprises two cutting teeth.
  • each knife tip part comprises three cutting teeth.
  • the cutting knife has the same number of cutting teeth on each knife tip part. However, for some embodiments it may differ.
  • one knife tip part may comprise two or even three knife tips, whereas the other knife tip part may comprise only one cutting tooth.
  • each replaceable knife tip part comprises a respective cutting surface for cutting material disposed in the comminution apparatus.
  • the cutting surfaces are typically parts of cutting teeth formed along the periphery of the cutting knife.
  • Some comminution apparatuses are based on the cutting shafts rotating in a single rotational direction only.
  • the cutting knifes may have its cutting teeth directed along substantially the same angle with respect to a radial axis. This implies that such cutting knives has a circular symmetry.
  • replaceable knife tip parts may be disposed on opposite sides of the base part such that one or more replaceable knife tip parts are configured to cut material for one rotational direction of the rotatable cutting shaft, and one or more other replaceable knife tip parts are configured to cut material for another rotational direction of the rotatable cutting shaft.
  • Cutting knives on this kind of comminution apparatuses are instead often symmetric in relation to a radial axis extending outwardly in the main plane from the rotational axis of the cutting knife (although cutting knives may also sometimes be asymmetric along said radial axis, such as e.g. cutting knives having uneven number of cutting teeth on their respective replaceable knife tip parts). This allows for the cutting knife to be effective in cutting independent on the rotational direction of the cutting shaft.
  • the base part extends radially out from the rotational axis along the radial symmetry axis to form a portion of the outer periphery. This may advantageously provide an increased support for the knife tip parts.
  • said connecting regions are provided with one or more markings, such as visual indications, providing one or more guides for intended cutting lines for said cutting required to separate said one or more knife tip parts from the base part.
  • the markings may extend between the elongate through-opening and the outer periphery along an extension of the first and second minimum distance, respectively. This has the benefit of minimizing the time needed for cutting. However, for some embodiments, the marking may deviate from the optimum trajectory defined by the respective extension of the first and second minimum distance. A reason for not choosing the optimum trajectory may be to provide a desired shape of the base part. The optimum trajectory as defined by said minimum distances may result in a base part shape difficult to work with when attempting to attach new wear parts, such as a new knife tip replacement part thereto.
  • the elongate through-opening has an inner surface which includes surface portions extending along the elongate extension, wherein said surface portions are three-dimensionally shaped, as defined in the main plane and along the direction of the rotational axis.
  • This may be an advantage as the three-dimensional surface portions of the inner surface may facilitate easier positioning of a replacement part ones a replaceable knife tip part has been removed.
  • the surface portion which extends along the elongate extension on the base part side of the cutting knife will have a three-dimensional interface. If an associated replacement part is shaped in a corresponding way, the replacement part may be easily positioned in a unique position in relation to the base part. Ones correctly positioned, the replacement part may be welded together with the base part.
  • the elongate through-opening at each position along the elongate extension of the opening, extends through the cutting knife along a specific direction which forms an angle with the rotational axis, wherein said angle varies as function of position along the elongate extension.
  • a conventional cutting means such as a flame cutter of laser cutter, which provides cuts being linear as function of depth.
  • a rotatable cutting shaft for a comminution apparatus comprising: an axle extending along a rotational axis of the rotatable cutting shaft, and a plurality of cutting knives according to any one of claims 1 to 13, said cutting knifes being attached to the axle and being mutually spaced along the rotational axis of the cutting shaft.
  • a comminution apparatus comprising one or more rotatable cutting shafts according to the second aspect.
  • a knife tip of a cutting knife comprising:
  • said attaching the knife tip replacement part to the base part is performed by welding together the knife tip replacement part and the base part only at, or along boundaries of, said two cut surfaces of the base part, so as to form one or more new elongate through-openings between the welded-together knife tip replacement part and base part.
  • the replacement part mounting interface is structured and arranged to fit to the base part mounting interface such that the replacement part mounting interface and the base part mounting interface together define a mutual transition interface between the base part and the knife tip replacement part.
  • the replacement part mounting interface and the base part mounting interface are aligned with each other.
  • the knife tip replacement part at the replacement part mounting interface, presents two or more positioning protrusions adapted to be brought in into abutment with surfaces of the base part along the base part mounting interface when positioning the knife tip replacement part.
  • the protrusions may be advantageous as they allow for an improved positioning of the knife tip replacement part in relation to the base part.
  • the process of separating the replaceable knife tip part from the base part will in many cases result in cut surfaces being located slightly off their intended position, as a result from the cutting process. Such slightly misaligned cut surfaces may effectively prevent an optimal positioning of a knife tip replacement part to the base part, as parts of the cut surfaces of the base part may be protruding too far and thus be in the way.
  • the advantageous protrusions will thus act as a distance means to provide a clearance at each cutting surface. This provides to increase the tolerance for which a manual cutting procedure may be regarded as successful.
  • the positioning protrusions further provides a means of defining a critical volume to be formed at each cutting surface to accommodate a weld.
  • said positioning protrusions are arranged such that they will be in abutment with the pre-engineered surface of the base part. This may be beneficial, as the positioning of the knife tip replacement part can be made independent on the structure and shape of the cutting surfaces of the base part.
  • a knife tip replacement part for use in the method according to the fourth aspect, said knife tip replacement part presenting:
  • the knife tip replacement part is thus positioned such that the replacement part mounting interface and the base part mounting interface together define a mutual transition interface between one another when the knife tip replacement part is correctly positioned in relation to the disconnected base part.
  • the knife tip replacement spare part is advantageous as it provides a replacement part mounting interface which is specifically adapted for being attachable to the base part.
  • the positioning protrusions allow for an improved positioning of the knife tip replacement part in relation to the base part, as detailed hereinabove.
  • the knife tip replacement part presents, at each attachment portion, a respective stress-relief opening structured and arranged to spatially distribute internal stress forces induced in the knife tip replacement part, the base part, and a weld attaching said knife tip replacement part and base part together, when in use.
  • each stress-relief opening is defined by an inwardly projecting opening which protrudes into the knife tip replacement part next to the respective attachment portion and which opens into the replacement part mounting interface.
  • the two or more attachment portions may be provided with tapered side surfaces so as to allow forming a recess between the attachment portion and the cutting surface of the base part when the knife tip replacement part has been correctly positioned in relation to the base part.
  • a method for manufacturing a cutting knife according to the first aspect from a precursor one-piece element which extends in the main plane and which has an outer periphery in relation to a rotational axis of said precursor one-piece element, the method comprising: cutting through the precursor one-piece element so as to create, for each replaceable knife tip part of the cutting knife, an elongate through-opening, wherein said elongate through-opening has an elongate extension in the main plane, is spaced from said outer periphery, and is located so as to facilitate replacement of the knife tip part by reducing the cutting required to separate the knife tip part from the base part.
  • the precursor one-piece element may be a steel element.
  • the precursor one-piece element may be a cutting knife of the prior art. This implies that the precursor element may have the contours of a cutting knife, such as an inner and an outer periphery. It is, however, conceivable that also other parts of the cutting knife are manufactured in the cutting machine. For example, the cutting machine may cut also the boundaries of the cutting knife defining the outer and inner peripheries.
  • the precursor one-piece element could, for some embodiments, be a e.g. rectangular slab of material, such as e.g. a steel plate. The cutting machine will then cut both the contours of the cutting knife defining the outer and inner peripheries, and the elongate through openings.
  • the precursor one-piece element is a steel element, and the cutting of said elongate through-opening is achieved using a flame cutter.
  • the cutting knife may be manufactured by a molding method.
  • a molding method may comprise:
  • the molding method will differ from the cutting method, in that the elongate through-openings are formed together with the formation of the rest of the cutting knife. Expressed in other words, the molding method will produce the cutting knife in essentially one step.
  • the aspects disclosed hereinabove may be regarded as belonging to a single inventive concept.
  • the cutting knife defined in the first aspect is specifically prepared for being equipped with the knife tip replacement part defined in the fifth aspect using the replacement method defined in the fourth aspect.
  • effects and features of said first, fourth and fifth aspects will be largely analogous.
  • effects and features of the second and third aspects are largely analogous to those described above in connection with the first aspect.
  • Embodiments mentioned in relation to the first aspect are largely compatible with the second aspect and third aspects.
  • inventive concepts relate to all possible combinations of features unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • FIG. 1A illustrate a comminution apparatus 10 of a kind suitable for being equipped with cutting knives according to the inventive concept.
  • the comminution apparatus 10 has to its purpose to comminute waste material (not shown), such as domestic or industrial waste material, bulk objects or the like, by a cutting/shredding operation.
  • the shredding capacity may differ substantially and as an example it may lie in the range of 5 to 200 tons of waste material per hour.
  • the illustrated apparatus 10 is intended for stationary use and is mounted on a stationary chassis 12. Other embodiments may be mobile where the chassis 12 may be replaced with some other supporting structure.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises a cutting module 14 which is positioned on and supported by the chassis 12, a drive module 16 which is positioned on and supported by the chassis 12 next to the cutting module 14, and a top module 18 which is arranged on top of the cutting module 14.
  • the top module 18 may optionally extend horizontally over the drive module 16 as in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the cutting module 14 is detachably connected to the chassis 12.
  • the apparatus 10 may also comprise a feed hopper 20 mounted on the top module 18.
  • the hopper 20 may be integrally formed with the top module 18 but it is advantageously designed as a separate, detachably connected unit which may be customized for each user and adapted to the waste type, etc.
  • FIG 1B illustrates the cutting module 14 in isolated view.
  • the cutting module 14 comprises two rotational cutting shafts 24 which are arranged to cut waste material input into the hopper 20.
  • Each rotational cutting shaft 24 comprises an axle 25 extending along a rotational axis S of the rotatable cutting shaft 24, and a plurality of cutting knives 100, said cutting knifes 100 being attached to the axle 25 and being mutually spaced along the rotational axis S of the cutting shaft 24.
  • the cutting knives 100 will be further described below, and it should be noted that they are only schematically represented in Figs 1A and B (e.g. the elongate through-openings are not shown). As the cutting shaft 24 rotates in relation to the stationary part of the cutting module 14, the waste material will be compressed towards stationary cutting surfaces 26.
  • the stationary cutting surfaces 26 are mutually distributed along each side of each rotational axis 24 such that each of the plurality of cutting knives may rotate freely in gaps formed between each stationary cutting surface 26.
  • a rotation of the cutting knives in relation to the stationary cutting surfaces 26 in such a fashion will achieves the function of cutting the waste material by shear forces applied to the waste material. Cut waste material may then leave the cutting module 14 at a bottom thereof.
  • the cutting knife 100 will now be described in detail with reference to Figs 2A-G .
  • the cutting knife 100 is a one-piece element, which implies that the cutting knife does not have parts which are releasably attached to each other. However, the cutting knife 100 may consist of different parts which are attached to each other in a non-releasable way, such as e.g. by welding.
  • the cutting knife 100 extends in a main plane 102 (see Fig. 2B ) which is transverse to a rotational axis R of the cutting knife.
  • the rotational axis R is orthogonal to the main plane 102.
  • the cutting knife 100 will thus rotate in the main plane 102.
  • the rotational axis R of the cutting knife 100 When attaching the cutting knife 100 to the axle 25 of the rotational cutting shaft 24, the rotational axis R of the cutting knife 100 will be parallel, and coaxial with, the rotational axis S of the cutting shaft 24.
  • the cutting knife 100 further has an outer periphery 104 in relation to the rotational axis R (marked as thick black line in Fig. 2A ).
  • the example embodiment, the cutting knife 100 has a radius of 445 mm and a thickness of 80 mm. The thickness may differ between embodiments. Typically, the thickness is in the range 45 - 80 mm.
  • the inventive concept should not be construed to any such limitation. Both larger cutting knives, and smaller cutting knives are conceivable within the scope of the claims.
  • the one-piece element comprises a base part 110 and two replaceable knife tip parts 120,120' being disposed on opposite sides of the base part 110.
  • the base part 110 is configured to be attached to an axle 25 of the rotatable cutting shaft 24.
  • the base part 110 comprises an attachment portion 112, at which the cutting knife 100 is attachable to the axle 25. It is to be understood that such attachment can be made in many different ways, for example by welding or by a fastening means such as e.g. screws or bolts.
  • the attachment portion 112 extent over an inner periphery 103 of the cutting knife 100.
  • each replaceable knife tip part 120,120' is suitable for cutting material disposed in the comminution apparatus 10.
  • each replaceable knife tip part 120,120' comprises a respective pair of cutting teeth 101a, 101b, 101a', 101b'.
  • the cutting teeth 101a, 101b, 101a', 101b' are shaped so as to form tips having a tip angle typically between 30 and 40 degrees.
  • the cutting teeth 101a, 101b, 101a', 101b' serves the purpose of penetrating the material to be comminuted.
  • the cutting knife 100 has two elongate through-openings 140,140' which have elongate extensions 141,141' (marked by dashed thick lines in Fig. 2A ) in the main plane 102, and are spaced from the outer periphery 104 of the cutting knife 100.
  • the elongate through-openings 140,140' marks, and defines, a transition interface between the base part and each replaceable knife tip part 120,120'.
  • each knife tip part 120,120' is partly separated from the base part 110 by a respective associated elongate through-opening 140,140'.
  • each knife tip part 120,120' is integrally formed with the base part 110 at connection regions 130a,130b at the outer periphery 104.
  • the elongate through openings 140,140' are located so as to facilitate replacement of the knife tip part 120 by reducing the cutting required to separate the knife tip part from the base part 110.
  • the cutting knife 100 is a one-piece element, and the base part 110 and the knife tip parts 120,120' are integrally formed together at the connection regions 130a,130b.
  • the only way to separate a knife tip part 120,120' from the base part is to actively break the chemical bonds of the material (for the example embodiment, this is achieved by cutting).
  • the base part 110 and knife tip parts 120,120' are un-releasably attached to each other.
  • the cutting knife 100 is made from metal, preferably steel.
  • a suitable steel type is Hardox 500 having a hardness of 450-540 HBW and a typical yield strength of 1400 MPa.
  • Hardox 500 having a hardness of 450-540 HBW and a typical yield strength of 1400 MPa.
  • the elongate extension 121,121' defines, at the first connection region 130a,130a', a first minimum distance 132a between a first end 142a,142a' of the elongate extension 141,141' and the outer periphery 104.
  • the elongate extension 121,121' defines, at the second connection region 130b,130b', a second minimum distance 132b,132b' between a second end 142b,142b' of the elongate extension 141,141' and the outer periphery 104.
  • the relationship between the first 132a,132a' and second 132b,132b' minimum distances, on one hand, and the length of the elongate extension 141,141' on the other hand will influence the structural integrity of the cutting knife 100. If the elongate extension 141,141' exceeds a critical length, the replaceable knife tip part 120,120' may risk breaking loose from the base part 110 during use.
  • the purpose of the elongate through opening 140,140' is to reduce the cutting needed for separating the replacement knife tip part 120,120' from the base part 110, and thus, from that perspective, the elongate extension 141,141' should be as long as possible without jeopardizing structural integrity.
  • the elongate extension 141,141' may be at least longer than the sum of said first 132a,132a' and second 132b,132b' minimum distances. In the embodiment of Fig 2A-G , the elongate extension 141,141' is 1.75 times longer than the sum of said first 132a,132a' and second 132b,132b' minimum distances.
  • the elongate through-opening 140,140' has a relatively long elongate extension 141,141'.
  • the elongate extension 141,151' is located such that the one or more replaceable knife tip parts 120,120' extend so as to constitute at least 90% of the outer periphery 104 of the cutting knife 100. This may be advantageous as it allows removing relatively large parts of the cutting surface of the cutting knife.
  • the cutting knife 100 is symmetrical.
  • the replaceable knife tip part 120 with its associated elongate through-opening 140 is a mirrored equivalent of the replaceable knife tip part 120' with its associated the elongate through-opening 140'.
  • the features described with reference to one of the knife tip parts/through-openings will apply equally well to the other. Therefore, in what follows, the description will be made with reference to the replaceable knife tip part 120 with its associated elongate through-opening 140 only.
  • the relative position of the elongate through-openings may also be expressed in terms on an angle. Describing the elongate through-opening 140, only, and with reference to Fig. 2 , the elongate extension 141 is arranged in the main plane 102 such that a first line L1, which connects the rotational axis R with the first end 142a of the elongate through-opening 140, and a second line L2, which connects the rotational axis R with the second end 142b of the elongate through-opening 140, forms an angle K of 50 degrees between each other.
  • the elongate extension 141 of the elongate through-opening 140 is non-linear in the main plane 102. Specifically, the elongate extension 141 of the elongate through-opening 140 has three linear portions 141a-c aligned after each other and wherein neighboring linear portions are connected to each other by non-linear portions 141d-f.
  • the elongate through-opening 140 is partly defined by a slit 143 which forms a slit gap 144 between the base part 110 and the associated knife tip part 120.
  • the slit gap 144 has a gap width W1 (kerf) which may be typically 0.5 - 10 mm.
  • W1 is ⁇ 3 mm as a result from it being formed by flame cutting.
  • the elongate through-opening 140 is further defined by stress-relief openings 145a,145b defined at associated ends 144a,144b of the elongate extension 142.
  • Each stress-relief opening 144a,144b form an associated stress-relief opening gap 146a,146b between the base part 110 and the associated knife tip part 120.
  • the stress-relief opening gaps 146a,1496 has gap widths W2a,W2b being larger than a gap width W1 of a center portion 147 (in the example, the center portion is the slit 143) of the elongate through-opening 140.
  • the stress-relief openings 145a,145b are structured and arranged to spatially distribute internal forces induced in the cutting knife 100 when in use. As discussed earlier, the structural integrity of the cutting knife 100 is of importance. When providing a relatively narrow elongate through-opening 140, such as e.g. a slit 143, zones of peak stress will be located at each end of the slit. By allowing the elongate through opening 140 to be wider at each end 142a, 142b of the elongate extension 141, the stresses will be spatially distributed in the material, resulting in lowered peak stresses.
  • the stress-relief openings 145a,145b have rounded, preferably circular, cross sections 148a,148b as defined in said main plane 102.
  • the stress-relief openings 145a,145b may be 30-80 mm in diameter.
  • the stress-relief openings 145a,145b are ⁇ 45 mm in diameter, which is slightly above one order of magnitude larger than the slit gap of ⁇ 3 mm.
  • Figure 2G is a magnification of the dotted area of Fig. 2E , illustrating the second end 142b of the elongate through-opening 140.
  • Fig. 2G illustrates more clearly the inner surfaces 149 of the elongate through opening 140 and how the stress-relief opening 145b are located in relation to the slit 143.
  • the slit defines inner surface portions 149a and 149b.
  • the inner surface portion 149a forms a part of the replaceable knife tip part 120, whereas the surface portion 149b forms a part of the base part 110.
  • the slit 143 mouths into the stress-relief opening 145b substantially tangentially to the near-circular cross section of the opening 145b.
  • a knife tip replacement part 1000 will now be described with reference to Figs 3A-E .
  • the knife tip replacement part 1000 extends in a main plane 1020 (see Fig. 3C ).
  • the knife tip replacement part 1000 presents one or more cutting teeth 1010a,1010b, and a replacement part mounting interface 1052 structured and arranged to be aligned with a base part mounting interface 152 of a base part 110.
  • the extension of the replacement part mounting interface 1052 is indicated in Fig 3A by a dashed line.
  • the extension of the base part mounting interface 152 is best illustrated in Fig. 4C , which will be described later).
  • the replacement part mounting interface 1052 comprises three positioning protrusions 1060a,1060b,1060c adapted to be in abutment with a pre-engineered surface 156 of the disconnected base part 110 when the knife tip replacement part 1000 is correctly positioned in relation to the disconnected base part 110.
  • the pre-engineered surface 156 is for this embodiment the same as the surface portion 149a previously discussed with reference to Fig 2G .
  • the replacement part mounting interface 1052 further comprises two or more attachment portions 1070a,1070b being adapted to be attached by welding to associated cut surfaces 154a,154b of the base part 110 (see Fig. 4D ).
  • the replacement part mounting interface 1052 is geometrically shaped to fit, at least adequately, to the base part mounting interface 152 of a base part 110.
  • the one or more positioning protrusions 1060a,1060b,1060c will, when being in abutment with the base part 110, distance the pre-engineered surface 156 of the knife tip replacement part 1000 with mounting interface surfaces 1053a,1053b of the knife tip replacement part 1000.
  • the advantageous protrusions will thus act as a distance means to provide a clearance between each of the two attachment portions 1070a,1070b and associated cut surfaces 154a,154b of the base part 110. This provides to increase the tolerance for which a manual cutting procedure may be regarded as successful. It also provides a means of allowing a critical volume to be shaped at each cutting surface to accommodate a weld 190a,190b (see Fig. 4D ).
  • the attachment portions 1070a,1070b presents tapered side faces 1071 which connects to main attachment surfaces 1072.
  • the tapered side surfaces 1071 will, together with parts of the cut surfaces 154a,154b of the base part 110, form a recess for accommodating the weld 190a,190b. This will provide a stronger weld, and hence a stronger attachment between the knife tip replacement part 1000 and the base portion 110.
  • the knife tip replacement part 1000 presents, at each attachment portion 1070a,1070b, a respective stress-relief opening 1080a,1080b structured and arranged to spatially distribute internal stress forces induced in the knife tip replacement part 1000, the base part 110, and the weld 190a,190b attaching said knife tip replacement part 1000 and base part 110 together, when in use.
  • the purpose for the stress relief openings 1070a,1070b of the knife tip replacement part 1000 is similar to the purpose of the stress-relief openings 145a,145b of the cutting knife 100.
  • each stress-relief opening 1080a,1080b is defined by an inwardly projecting opening which protrudes into the knife tip replacement part 1000 next to the respective attachment portion 1070a,1070b and which opens into the replacement part mounting interface 1052.
  • the method comprises separating a knife tip part 120 of the cutting knife from the base part 110 of the cutting knife by cutting said one-piece element at the connection regions 130a,130b where said knife tip part 120 is integrally formed with the base part 110.
  • the cutting is not performed along the minimum distances 132a,132b illustrated in Fig 2A .
  • the cutting is performed along markings 134a,134b which are located at the respective connection region 130a,130b but slightly offset to the position of the associated minimum distance 132a,132b.
  • the markings 134a,134b serve as visual indications and provide one or more guides for intended cutting lines for the cutting process.
  • the cutting process results in the formation of two through-cuts 150a,150b, as illustrated in Fig 4B , where through-cut 150a is completed and through-cut 150b is just partly completed.
  • the method further comprises removing the separated knife tip part 120 so as to reveal, on the base part 120, a base part mounting interface 152.
  • a base part mounting interface 152 presents two cut surfaces 154a,154b which corresponds to the two through-cuts 150a,150b, and one pre-engineered surface 156 which forms part of (what was previously) the elongate through-opening 140 (or more specifically: the inner surface portion 149a of the elongate through-opening 140).
  • the method further comprises positioning a knife tip replacement part 1000, which has a replacement part mounting interface 1052, in the same place as the previously removed knife tip part 120 such that the replacement part mounting interface 1052 is aligned with the base part mounting interface 152. This is illustrated in Fig 4D .
  • the method further comprises attaching the knife tip replacement part 1000 to the base part 110 by welding together the knife tip replacement part 120 with the base part 110 along at least parts of said base part mounting interface 152 and said replacement part mounting interface 1052.
  • the knife tip replacement part 1000 is welded to the base part 110 only at, or along boundaries of, said two cut surfaces 154a,154b of the base part, so as to form one or more new elongate through-openings 160a,160b between the welded-together knife tip replacement part 1000 and base part 110.
  • the replacement part mounting interface 1052 is structured and arranged to fit to the base part mounting interface 152 such that the replacement part mounting interface 1052 and the base part mounting interface 152 together define a mutual transition interface between the base part 110 and the knife tip replacement part 120. This is an alternative way of expressing that the two parts 110,120 fit well together geometrically, an aspect that has been mentioned earlier.
  • the knife tip replacement part 1000 further presents, at the replacement part mounting interface 1052, two or more positioning protrusions 1060a,1060b,1060c adapted to be brought into abutment with surfaces of the base part 110 along the base part mounting interface 152 when positioning the knife tip replacement part 1000.
  • the positioning protrusions 1060a,1060b,1060c are arranged such that they will be in abutment with the pre-engineered surface 156 of the base part 110.
  • Figure 5A illustrates a precursor one-piece element 100P which extends in the main plane 102 and which has an outer periphery 104P in relation to a rotational axis P of the precursor one-piece element 100P.
  • the precursor one-piece element 100P lacks the elongate through-openings of the inventive cutting knife, and could therefore be e.g. a cutting knife of the prior art.
  • the method comprises cutting through the precursor one-piece element 100P so as to create, for each replaceable knife tip part 120,120' of the cutting knife, an elongate through-opening 140,140'. This is illustrated in Fig 5B .
  • the cutting is typically carried out using a cutting machine.
  • the cutting is in the example carried out using a flame cutter 80.
  • the elongate through-opening 140 has an elongate extension 141 in the main plane 102, is spaced from said outer periphery 104P, and is located so as to facilitate replacement of the knife tip part 120,120' by reducing the cutting required to separate the knife tip part 120,120' from the base part 110.
  • the precursor one-piece element 100P is typically a steel element. It is conceivable that also parts of the precursor one-piece element 100P is manufactured in the cutting machine. For example, the cutting machine may cut also the boundaries of the cutting knife defining the outer 104 and inner 103 peripheries. Thus, the precursor one-piece element 100P could, alternatively, have a shape different from the shape of a cutting knife. Such a shape could be for example a rectangular shape. The cutting machine will then cut both the contours of the cutting knife defining the outer and inner peripheries, and the elongate through openings 140,140'.
  • each cutting knife is molded into its final shape fully featured with one or more through-openings.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the cutting knife 200.
  • the cutting knife 200 has all features in common with the cutting knife 100, except for the geometry of the two elongate through-openings 240,240'.
  • the elongate through-opening 240 has an inner surface 249 which includes surface portions 249a,249b extending along the elongate extension 241, wherein said surface portions 249a,249b are three-dimensionally shaped as defined in the main plane 102 and along a direction of the rotational axis R.
  • the elongate through-opening 240 at each position along the elongate extension 241 of the opening, extends through the cutting knife 200 along a specific direction A which forms an angle B with the rotational axis R, wherein said angle B varies as function of position along the elongate extension 241.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the associated knife tip replacement part 2000.
  • the knife tip replacement part 2000 have all features in common with the previously described knife tip replacement part 1000, except for the replacement part mounting interface (not shown), which is defined, in part, by mounting interface surface 2053.
  • the mounting interface surface 2053 is shaped so as to align with the three-dimensional surface portions 249a,249b extending along the elongate extension 241 of the cutting knife 2000.
  • an advantage with the three-dimensional surface is to improve positioning of the knife tip replacement part 2000 with respect to the base part 210 of the cutting knife 200 during replacement of the knife tips.
  • the knife tip replacement part 2000 differs from the knife tip replacement part 1000 in that the knife tip replacement part 2000 only has two positioning protrusions 2060a,2060b.
  • FIG 8 to 11 illustrates some alternative embodiments of the cutting knife according to the inventive concept. As each of these alternative embodiments share most features with the cutting knife 100, already described in detail, the further example embodiments will only be described in brief.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the cutting knife 300, which differs from the cutting knife 100 in that each elongate through-opening 340,340' connects with a further elongate through-opening 340A,340A' at a center portion thereof.
  • the purpose of the further elongate through-opening 340A,340A' is to replace cutting teeth individually. By providing suitable knife tip replacement parts, the four teeth may be individually replaced, by cutting along the illustrated dashed lines in Fig. 8 .
  • Figure 9 illustrates the cutting knife 400, which differs from the cutting knife 300 in that it comprises four elongate through-openings 440a,440b,440a',440b'.
  • the four teeth may be individually replaced with suitable knife tip replacement parts, as illustrated using the dashed lines in Fig. 9 .
  • FIG 10 illustrates the cutting knife 500, which differs from the cutting knife 100 in that each elongate through-opening 540,540' has an essentially constant gap width along the elongate extension. Specifically, the elongate through-openings 540,540' has a gap width being similar to the gap width W2a,W2b of the stress-relief openings 145a,145b of the cutting knife 100. As understood by the person skilled in the art, the stress-relieving functionality will thus be achieved in spite of stress-relieving openings not being defined per se.
  • FIG 11 illustrates the cutting knife 600, which differs from the cutting knife 400 in that each elongate through-opening 640a,640b,640a',640b' are further defined by one or more stress-relief openings 645a,645b,645c, 645a',645b',645c', which are defining narrow slits extending out from the elongate through-opening at an acute angle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
EP19178181.4A 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Schneidmesser, verfahren zum ersetzen einer messerspitze dieses schneidmessers und messerspitzensatzteil zur verwendung in diesem verfahren Withdrawn EP3747547A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19178181.4A EP3747547A1 (de) 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Schneidmesser, verfahren zum ersetzen einer messerspitze dieses schneidmessers und messerspitzensatzteil zur verwendung in diesem verfahren
PCT/EP2020/065450 WO2020245253A1 (en) 2019-06-04 2020-06-04 A cutting knife, a method for replacing a knife tip of said cutting knife, and a knife tip replacement part for use in said method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19178181.4A EP3747547A1 (de) 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Schneidmesser, verfahren zum ersetzen einer messerspitze dieses schneidmessers und messerspitzensatzteil zur verwendung in diesem verfahren

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