EP3697718B1 - System for operating a load-handling crane, and load-handling crane and method for operating same - Google Patents

System for operating a load-handling crane, and load-handling crane and method for operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3697718B1
EP3697718B1 EP18793619.0A EP18793619A EP3697718B1 EP 3697718 B1 EP3697718 B1 EP 3697718B1 EP 18793619 A EP18793619 A EP 18793619A EP 3697718 B1 EP3697718 B1 EP 3697718B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
travel
orientation
crane
load
handling device
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18793619.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3697718A1 (en
Inventor
Holger Freitag
Giuliano Persico
Oliver Moll
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Konecranes Global Oy
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Konecranes Global Oy
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Publication of EP3697718A1 publication Critical patent/EP3697718A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/40Applications of devices for transmitting control pulses; Applications of remote control devices
    • B66C13/44Electrical transmitters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/40Applications of devices for transmitting control pulses; Applications of remote control devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/22Control systems or devices for electric drives
    • B66C13/30Circuits for braking, traversing, or slewing motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/52Details of compartments for driving engines or motors or of operator's stands or cabins
    • B66C13/54Operator's stands or cabins
    • B66C13/56Arrangements of handles or pedals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C17/00Overhead travelling cranes comprising one or more substantially horizontal girders the ends of which are directly supported by wheels or rollers running on tracks carried by spaced supports
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C2700/00Cranes
    • B66C2700/08Electrical assemblies or electrical control devices for cranes, winches, capstans or electrical hoists
    • B66C2700/085Control actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for operating a load handling crane according to the preamble of claim 1, a load handling crane with such a system according to the features of claim 10 and a method for operating a load handling crane according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • Cranes are generally used to lift and lower loads at different locations within their working area.
  • a hoist of the crane is moved by means of a travel drive in a usually horizontal direction of travel if an operator triggers corresponding control commands for the travel drive by manipulating a handling device of the crane, for example designed as a control switch, and thus operates the crane.
  • control switches as an interface between an operator and the crane have operating elements that can be actuated by an operator to manipulate the handling device, thereby triggering the respective control commands for the travel drive and a hoist drive of the crane.
  • the controls can be configured as physical controls to be actuated mechanically, for example spring-loaded buttons or pushbuttons, rotary or slide controls and latching or non-latching switches, and/or as a touch-sensitive surface.
  • a control unit of the crane and the drives (travel drive and hoist drive) for triggering and/or transmitting control commands are connected to one another in a signal-transmitting manner in order to be able to control the drives using the control commands.
  • the control switch can be designed as a remote control for wireless signal transmission, for example by radio or infrared, or as a pendant control switch for wired signal transmission, which is suspended from a signal transmission cable, also known as a control line.
  • the handling device which is optionally designed as a control switch, is not outside of the lifting and lowering carrying means of the crane or its hoist, as in the aforementioned conventional cranes, but on one of the driving level suspended portion of the suspension means and in this case above a likewise suspended on the suspension means load handling means and thus suspended in particular.
  • the load handling device can also be attached to the support means exclusively via the handling device, so that the handling device is load-bearing and thus attached to the support means as part of the load strand.
  • the attachment of the handling device to the suspension means allows an operator to trigger both control commands for the crane or its drives as well as manual pendulum movements of the suspension means and any load attached to the load handling means by manipulating the handling device with one hand and at the same time with the same hand to dampen.
  • the deflection direction of the suspension means in relation to the direction of gravitational force is determined by a sensor system and interpreted as the desired direction of travel of the hoist, so that corresponding control commands for the travel drive of the crane are triggered solely on the basis of the determined deflection or deflection direction and the travel drive causes the hoist to move in one of the deflection directions of the Carrying means are implemented in the direction of travel.
  • Another load handling crane designed as a suspension crane is known from the brochure "Productivity with sensitivity - Demag KBK Drive Assist” from Terex MHPS GmbH (available at http://www.demagcranes.com/Leichtkransystem-KBK-Drive-Assist).
  • the hoist can be moved in the desired direction of travel solely by the deflection of its carrying means, as described above and by appropriate manipulation of the handling device attached to the carrying means.
  • the handling device of the crane is designed as a control switch that accordingly has an operating element, which, when actuated also as a manipulation of the handling direction, can be used to actuate the lifting drive of the crane or its hoist for lifting or lowering a load.
  • a load handling system with an end effector is known.
  • a vertical movement of the end effector can be triggered by actuating a first joystick.
  • a second joystick can be used to trigger a horizontal movement of the end effector by tilting the joystick in the desired direction.
  • Triggered horizontal movement is taken into account a rotation angle of serving as a support means rotating column to which the end effector is attached.
  • the end effector can be attached to a cable instead of a pivot post, in which case an electronic compass is used.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a system for operating a load-handling crane, a load-handling crane equipped with such a system, and a method for operating it to the effect that safety is also ensured when handling heavier loads, especially in assembly and handling processes, is increased and designed with less effort.
  • a system for operating a load-handling crane is now improved, the hoist of which can be moved on a preferably horizontal travel plane by means of a travel drive of the crane.
  • the system comprises a handling device for operating the crane, the handling device being provided and designed for attachment to a section of a carrying means of the hoist that hangs down from the driving plane, i.e. at least below the driving plane, and can be raised and lowered, in order to enable an operator by manipulating the handling device, which can in particular be done with one hand and simultaneously with the same hand of the operator, both to trigger control commands for the crane or its drives and to manually guide and align the suspension means and any load hanging from it, as well as pendulum movements of the suspension means and the load dampen manually.
  • the attachment of the handling device to the section of the support means hanging down from the driving plane which can be designed to be flexible, for example as a rope or chain, can take place in particular above a load handling device suspended from the support means.
  • the handling device in particular Housing designed to be arranged and fastened to the suspension means in a load-bearing manner between the section of the suspension means and the load-carrying means.
  • the handling device like the load handling device, becomes a part of the load train of the hoist that extends the suspension element and through which load forces emanating from a load attached to the load handling device are introduced into the suspension element via the handling device, in particular its housing.
  • the load handling device can be fastened and suspended on the handling device, in particular its housing, and thus on the carrying device via the handling device.
  • a simple change between different load handling devices such as load hooks, grippers, etc. can be made possible by a receptacle for detachably fastening the respective load handling device being formed on the handling device or its housing.
  • the handling device and in particular its housing can therefore be configured and connected to the load handling device in such a way that a movement and in particular a rotation of the handling device causes the load handling device to move to the same extent, including any load attached to it, and vice versa.
  • the system according to the invention also includes a sensor system for determining an orientation of the hanging section of the suspension element and/or an orientation of a part attached thereto and thus suspended from the suspension element.
  • This part can in particular be the handling device and/or the load handling device.
  • the operating element has two operating parts, the actuation of which triggers control commands for opposite directions of travel in the sense of forward travel and reverse travel, for which purpose the two operating parts are designed in the form of a first button for forward travel and a second button for reverse travel, preferably each as a mechanical one actuating button each with at least one actuation stage.
  • the inventive improvement of such a system is now characterized achieved in that the sensor system is designed to determine that orientation of the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane and thereby extending in the direction of gravitational force and/or the part attached thereto, which is caused by a rotation of the section or part about an axis of rotation extending in the direction of gravitational force is changeable.
  • the operating element of the system is preferably arranged on the handling device and in particular on its housing, as a result of which this is then designed as a control switch.
  • the hoist can be moved independently of one another in a crane travel direction and/or in a trolley travel direction at right angles to this on the travel plane, which individually or in combination result in the travel direction of the hoist on the travel plane through their superimposition.
  • the direction of travel is therefore a direction that runs on and parallel to the preferably horizontal travel plane in the crane travel direction and/or trolley travel direction.
  • Control commands for the lifting drive can also be triggered via a control part of the control element or another control element that is already present and provided on the handling device, so that the handling device can already be designed as a control switch even without the control element for the travel drive.
  • the direction of travel which depends on the determined orientation, is preferably also specified for the control command by actuating an operating element, and the direction of travel is thereby assigned to the determined orientation in a predefined manner.
  • This can be the same control element or its control part, by the actuation of which the control command is triggered, wherein in particular both the control command can be triggered and the associated direction of travel can be specified by the same actuation. It is also conceivable that two operations are required to trigger the control command.
  • the operating element or its operating part can have a first actuation stage for a first actuation to specify the direction of travel as a function of the determined orientation and a second actuation stage for a second actuation for subsequent triggering of the actual control command, taking into account the previously specified direction of travel.
  • two separate operating elements each preferably arranged on the handling device or its housing, can be provided, one of which is used for a first actuation to specify the direction of travel and one for a second actuation to trigger the control command.
  • the operating element for specifying the direction of travel can then have two operating parts for forward travel and reverse travel.
  • the hoist can only be moved by means of the travel drive in a direction of travel on the travel plane by actuating the corresponding control element or control unit or the corresponding actuation stage, the direction of travel being dependent on the orientation determined by the sensors.
  • This significantly increases safety when handling loads since the required actuation in the sense of a safety function prevents, for example, an alignment in the form of a deflection of the section of the suspension means hanging down from the driving plane in relation to the direction of gravitational force immediately resulting in a driving maneuver caused by the travel drive in a possibly unintended direction of travel is implemented.
  • the required actuation of an operating element enables an operator to initially carry out an alignment in accordance with the desired direction of travel.
  • the actual control command for activating the travel drive by which the hoist is moved in the direction of travel dependent on the alignment, is then only triggered when the operating element is actuated, or before the control command is triggered, the alignment made to specify the desired direction of travel for the control command is first confirmed .
  • alignment changes required for manual damping may Oscillating movements of the support means via corresponding manipulations of the handling device are now no longer incorrectly interpreted as supposedly intended triggering of a control command, in contrast to the prior art mentioned above.
  • the system By actuating the corresponding operating element or operating part or the corresponding actuating stage, the orientation determined, in particular during the respective actuation, and which can be changed, for example, by corresponding manipulation of the handling device, can be taken into account in such a way that the direction of travel dependent on the determined orientation in the sense of a directional Setpoint for a control command for controlling the traction drive is specified.
  • the system preferably includes an evaluation unit that is set up appropriately and is connected to the sensor system in a signal-transmitting manner.
  • the actual control command can then be triggered or generated by actuating or further actuating the corresponding control element/control element or the corresponding actuating stage, and the travel drive can be controlled with the control command in such a way that the hoist can be moved by means of the travel drive with a travel maneuver in which is moved according to the specified direction of travel.
  • the target direction value can first be transmitted from the evaluation unit to a control unit of the crane in order to be taken into account there in addition to target speed values when triggering, ie when generating, the actual control command for the travel drive.
  • the control unit controls the travel drive in such a way that the hoist is moved by means of the travel drive with the specified travel direction and speed.
  • the control unit can be arranged on or in the handling device and in particular inside its housing.
  • the lifting drive of the hoist can also be controlled by means of the control unit by actuating a corresponding operating element on the handling device.
  • the control unit and the evaluation unit could also be arranged outside the handling device.
  • the control unit can then also be divided, so that one control of the trolley drive for one
  • the part of the control unit that serves to move in the direction of travel of the crane is arranged as a trolley controller on the crane trolley and a part of the control unit that serves to control the crane drive for moving in the direction of travel of the crane is arranged as a crane controller outside of the crane trolley on the crane girder or at least one of the crane running gears.
  • the trolley controller can then also control the hoist drive.
  • the signal transmission between the aforementioned parts of the system can be wireless or wired.
  • the alignment relates to at least two reference points, which are defined in a distinguishable manner on the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane or on the respective part attached thereto and used to determine the alignment.
  • the first reference point can be defined, for example, on a handle of the handling device provided for an operator and the second reference point can be defined on a side of a housing wall of the handling device opposite the handle.
  • the two reference points can be immobile relative to one another. It is also conceivable that one or both reference points are defined on the suspension element.
  • the position of the two reference points and/or the position or location of an imaginary straight line containing the reference points can then be determined relative to a coordinate plane defined by the sensor system.
  • the coordinate plane serving as a reference system for the alignment to be determined can be a Cartesian coordinate system or a polar coordinate system.
  • the orientation can be determined in particular in the form of coordinates of the reference points and/or a gradient and/or an angle of the imaginary straight line relative to the respective coordinate system. If the orientation is determined in the form of an angle, this can also be an angle of rotation, preferably a absolute angle of rotation, which can be changed, in particular, by rotating the suspension element and/or the part attached thereto and, as a result, by rotating the imaginary straight line about an axis of rotation.
  • the angle of rotation can be determined in particular relative to a reference orientation.
  • a reference orientation For example, an alignment parallel to an axis of the coordinate plane and/or the driving plane can be defined as a reference alignment.
  • the sensor system can be designed and set up accordingly in order to determine the alignment including and/or without a corresponding angle of rotation.
  • the specification of the direction of travel for the travel drive is carried out according to the invention as a predefined assignment of a direction vector to the determined orientation, which can be represented, for example, by the imaginary straight line containing the reference points or its angle of rotation.
  • a mathematical assignment of the orientation determined relative to the coordinate plane of the sensor system to the coordinate plane of the travel drive defined by the crane travel direction and the trolley travel direction can take place.
  • the direction vector can be specified as the direction of travel, for example at an angle of zero degrees with respect to the determined or transformed alignment, which is directed from the first to the second of the two reference points.
  • the specified direction of travel then runs along or parallel to the imaginary straight line representing the orientation in the respective coordinate plane.
  • a change in the alignment relative to the respective coordinate plane causes a correspondingly rectified change in the direction vector and thus in the direction of travel specified as a function of the alignment determined.
  • the coordinates of the direction of travel to be specified for the associated drives of the travel drive can be determined by calculation, including the coordinate transformation and assignment of the direction vector that takes place here, and can be carried out, for example, by the above-mentioned evaluation unit and in particular its processing unit, which is located in particular within the housing of the Handling device can be arranged.
  • the sensors can be used completely to determine the orientation Crane and are movably arranged with this. It is possible here for the sensor system, as described in more detail below, to be completely suspended from the support means or also at least partially attached to the crane trolley or outside the crane trolley on the crane girder.
  • the coordinate plane of the sensor system can therefore also be movable and in particular tiltable with respect to the travel plane and its position can be changed, for example, by a pendulum movement of the suspension element.
  • the sensor system can be arranged at least partially outside of the crane and, in particular, to be stationary there. In this case, it can be provided in particular that the coordinate plane of the sensor system extends parallel to the preferably horizontal driving plane or includes the driving plane.
  • the sensor system is arranged on the crane outside of the suspension element.
  • the imaginary straight line can be inclined relative to the coordinate plane, for example if the handling device is inclined and the reference points defined on the handling device are also at different distances from the driving plane or the coordinate plane.
  • the orientation that can be determined by the sensor system can then correspond to a, in particular vertical, projection of the reference points or the associated imaginary straight line onto the coordinate plane.
  • the sensor system has a sensor in the sense of a measuring device or measuring transducer in order to determine the respective alignment on the basis of a corresponding measurement.
  • the sensor system is designed to determine the alignment on the basis of an optical measurement of the reference points mentioned.
  • the reference points can also be provided with a transmission means, for example in the form of light sources for each reference point, which interacts with a sensor of the sensor system, for example in the form of a camera, which then serves as a receiver, in order to determine the alignment, which is the case during use of light sources is possible, for example, by means of triangulation or a transit time measurement.
  • the sensor system can be designed to determine the alignment on the basis of an ultrasonic measurement. Also conceivable is a sensor system that measures the alignment according to the principle of radio location; this embodiment is not part of the invention.
  • the sensor system which is then designed as an angle of rotation sensor system, can, for example, be a compass, in particular an electronic compass, or a sensor in the form of a Hall sensors, in particular a 3D Hall sensor, and comprise a magnetic body or at least interact with it; these embodiments are not part of the invention.
  • the coordinate plane of the sensor system can be defined relative to the axis of rotation by the compass or the Hall sensor and magnet body and their respective arrangement. This applies in particular when the sensor system is completely suspended from the suspension element. Details of this are described in more detail below.
  • the sensor system is designed to continuously determine the orientation and to interact with the operating element to be actuated to specify the direction of travel in such a way that the specified direction of travel remains unchanged or is continuously changed when the for specifying the direction of travel the control element to be actuated is actuated continuously and the orientation changes during this time.
  • the orientation for specifying the direction of travel for a control command for the traction drive can be an orientation according to the invention that does not require a deflection of the suspended suspension element section with respect to the direction of gravitational force and thus from its swing-free rest position.
  • both the freely suspended suspension element section and the parts suspended from it can accordingly remain in the deflection-free rest position caused by the force of gravity and, for example, the alignment of the handling device relative to the coordinate plane of the sensor system can be determined and be specified for a control command.
  • a change in alignment required to change the specified direction of travel can then be carried out, for example, by rotating the handling device about the axis of rotation, which changes the position of at least one of the two reference points and thus the position of the associated imaginary straight line.
  • the handling device or at least a section of its housing is rotatably suspended relative to the support means and/or the support means can be twisted about its longitudinal extent.
  • the alignment of the suspension element or another part attached to the suspension element for example an alignment of the load handling device, can also be determined by defining corresponding reference points there that are decisive for determining the alignment.
  • load-handling cranes can now also be used for relatively larger loads with a weight of, for example, more than 50 kg without the safety risk described above occurring. Even with correspondingly large loads, the load-handling crane can be operated to move the hoist with considerably less manual effort.
  • the sensor system is designed to also determine the alignment of the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane and/or the part attached to it, which is caused by a rotation of the section or part about the opposite to the Driving plane inclined extending axis of rotation is changeable and is independent of any inclination of the axis of rotation relative to the direction of gravitational force.
  • This can also be the axis of rotation mentioned above, after it has been deflected, for example, by a pendulum movement of the suspension element in relation to the direction of gravity.
  • the sensor system can determine that alignment which is independent of whether the suspension element section and/or the handling device and the load-carrying means extend in the direction of gravity or are in their rest position or are deflected in relation thereto.
  • the axis of rotation can in particular intersect the suspension element section or coincide with it and/or intersect a part fastened to the suspension element, in particular the handling device and/or the load handling device. This can be the case, for example, if a longitudinal axis of the handling device is defined as the axis of rotation and at least a section of the handling device, for example a section of its housing, can be rotated around this.
  • the sensor system is designed to be attached and suspended at least partially, preferably completely, on the support means and in this case in particular between the support means and the load handling device, preferably between the support means and the Handling device to be arranged.
  • the components of the sensor system can be arranged overall on the crane in such a way that the determination of the alignment cannot be impeded by an operator located between the sensor system and the support means or the part attached thereto.
  • the system has a rotary arrangement by means of which the handling device, in particular together with at least part of the sensors, can be fastened to the support means and rotatable relative to the support means and around the axis of rotation.
  • the rotating arrangement comprises a first rotating element that can be connected in a torque-proof manner to the handling device, in particular to its housing, and a second rotating element that can be connected in a torque-proof manner to the carrying means.
  • the two rotating elements can be rotated relative to one another, in particular around the above-mentioned axis of rotation or defining it, and supported against one another, for example via rolling bodies, if the rotating arrangement has an axial bearing designed as a roller bearing.
  • the part of the sensor system that can be rotated together with the handling device is, like the handling device, non-rotatably connected to the rotary arrangement, in particular to the same one of the two rotary elements.
  • this can be, for example, a compass, a Hall sensor or a magnetic body.
  • the rotary arrangement, in particular its housing can also, like the handling device, be load-bearing and thus fastened and suspended on the support means as part of the load train. The rotary arrangement then achieves a force flow decoupling of the handling device and the suspension means in such a way that a torque applied to the handling device or its housing is not transmitted to the suspension means.
  • the handling device, the load-carrying means attached thereto in particular in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the handling device, and a suspended load can be rotated freely, with the support means not being twisted or only twisted to a negligible extent.
  • the housing Due to the decoupling by the rotary arrangement located between the support means and the housing, the housing can theoretically be rotated endlessly relative to the support means.
  • the suspended suspension element section can also extend permanently in the direction of gravitational force, in which case the axis of rotation then runs parallel thereto or coincides with it.
  • the rotary arrangement can also be used when the handling device is suspended on the suspension means in a non-load-bearing manner and thus parallel to the load train in terms of the flow of force. This applies to all of the configurations of the system described above.
  • an element for reducing torsion of the suspension element can be provided, which is preferably more torsion-resistant than the suspension itself, which is designed as a chain, for example.
  • the element for reducing torsion of the suspension can be connected to the suspension in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular indirectly via that rotary element of the rotary arrangement which, in turn, can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the suspension, in particular to its section hanging down from the travel plane.
  • the element for reducing torsion of the support means in the area of the travel plane can also be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the hoist, in particular to its housing.
  • the element for reducing torsion of the suspension element is preferably designed in such a way that it can adjust its length accordingly when lifting or lowering and the associated movement of the suspension element section hanging down from the travel plane.
  • the element for torsion reduction can in particular be a hose, preferably a spiral hose.
  • the carrying means can then be accommodated in the interior of the tube and in particular can extend at a distance from the wall of the tube.
  • the signal transmission cable used for this purpose and also referred to as a control line can also be accommodated inside the hose and in particular attached to its wall and/or integrated into the wall.
  • the signal transmission cable can also be in the form of a helical coiled line. This enables a simple length adjustment of the hose when lifting or lowering and the corresponding movement of the suspension element section.
  • the rotary arrangement can have a housing with an opening through which a connecting body that can be connected to the handling device can engage and be supported with its collar on the housing inside the housing.
  • the collar can be supported inside the housing via an in particular ring-shaped contact surface on the housing wall delimiting the opening.
  • the connecting body can be supported with a second collar within the housing of the handling device, which also has a corresponding opening for this purpose, into which the connecting body can engage.
  • the non-rotatable connection between the part of the sensor system that can be rotated together with the handling device and the associated rotating element of the rotating arrangement can also be ensured, in particular if this is attached to the collar of the connecting body.
  • Any further part of the sensor system, for example the Hall sensor or the magnetic body, and the other rotary element can then be connected to one another and to the support means in a torque-proof manner and also be arranged in the housing of the rotary arrangement, in which the two rotary elements can be supported on the housing wall .
  • a load sensor is provided, which is designed to detect the weight of the respective load acting on the suspension element, with target values for a speed and/or acceleration and/or deceleration of the travel drive depending on the detected weight of the load are customizable.
  • the load sensor can be arranged, for example, on the suspension element itself or in or on the housing of the handling device in the load train. In particular, if the speeds, accelerations and decelerations are reduced as the weight increases, the resulting oscillating movements of the suspended load and thus the manual effort required by the respective operator to dampen it can be reduced.
  • the invention is also directed to a load-handling crane, the hoist of which can be moved on a travel plane by means of a travel drive of the crane, with a handling device for operating the crane, which is attached to a section of a support means of the hoist that hangs down from the travel plane and can be raised and lowered is.
  • a crane can be improved in that it is provided with a system for its operation as described above.
  • the invention also includes a method for operating a load-handling crane, the hoist of which can be moved on a travel plane by means of a travel drive of the crane.
  • the crane can be the above-mentioned crane according to the invention, which has a handling device for operating the crane, which is attached to a section of a carrying means of the hoist that hangs down from the travel plane and can be raised and lowered.
  • an alignment of the suspension element and/or of a part fastened to the suspension element, in particular of the handling device and/or a load handling device is determined by means of a sensor system.
  • the respective operator always grasps the load line of the crane, in particular via the handling device arranged on or in the load line, in order to specify the respective direction of travel of the hoist on the travel level by changing the alignment of the support means and/or the part attached to it and/or or to change.
  • a control command for activating the travel drive is only triggered when an operating element that interacts with the sensors is actuated, by means of which the hoist can be moved in one direction of travel on the travel plane by means of the travel drive and the direction of travel can be changed from one by means of the Orientation determined by sensors is dependent.
  • the operating element has two operating parts, the actuation of which triggers control commands for opposite directions of travel in the sense of forward travel and reverse travel, for which purpose the two operating parts are designed in the form of a first button for forward travel and a second button for reverse travel, preferably each as a mechanical one actuating button each with at least one actuation stage.
  • the sensor system is designed to determine the orientation of a section of the suspension element and/or the part attached to it that hangs from the driving plane and extends in the direction of gravitational force, which is caused by a rotation of the section or part by one axis of rotation extending in the direction of gravitational force can be changed, with the specification of the direction of travel for the traction drive, which depends on the determined alignment, being carried out as a predefined assignment of a direction vector to the determined alignment in such a way that the specified direction of travel runs along or parallel to an imaginary straight line representing the alignment, wherein the imaginary straight line contains two reference points, which are defined in a manner that can be distinguished from one another on the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane or on the respective part attached to it and used to determine the alignment, with a change in the alignment relative to a coordinate plane of the sensor system or the Traction drive causes a correspondingly rectified change in the directional vector and thus the direction of travel specified as a function of the
  • the system according to the invention described here can be used in particular, for which its advantages then apply correspondingly.
  • the operating element can therefore be arranged on the handling device and the handling device can thus be designed as a control switch.
  • the direction of travel for the control command is specified as a function of the orientation determined by actuating the operating element or another operating element, in particular the above system.
  • the specified direction of travel optionally remains unchanged or is continuously changed if the setting for specifying the direction of travel is too actuating control element is continuously actuated and during this time the orientation of the suspension element section and/or the part attached thereto, which is set by the operator and accordingly determined by the sensor system, changes.
  • the sensor system can also be used to continuously determine the orientation, so that if the operating element is actuated continuously, the specification of the direction of travel can also be continuously adapted to the changing orientation, for example by appropriate manipulation of the handling device, and converted into corresponding driving maneuvers with a changing direction of travel can.
  • the figure 1 shows a load handling crane 1 in a perspective view.
  • the crane 1 is shown as an example as a single-girder bridge crane with a crane girder 2 designed as a lattice girder.
  • the crane 1 can be moved overall by means of crane carriages 5, 6, which are fastened to opposite ends 3, 4 of the crane girder 2 forming a crane bridge, on rails (not shown) in a crane travel direction x.
  • the rails are usually arranged high relative to a floor and for this purpose can, for example, be elevated via a suitable support structure or on opposite sides Building walls and / or be attached to a building ceiling, which then serve as a supporting structure.
  • the crane 1 can be designed as a suspension crane.
  • both the rails and the crane girder 2 can be formed by rail profiles, which generally have a c-shaped cross section that is open at the bottom in their installed position.
  • the crane bridge formed by the crane girder 2 is then suspended via the crane carriages 5, 6 on the rails suspended, for example, on a building ceiling serving as a supporting structure, with the crane carriages 5, 6 being inserted into the rail profiles from below and inside the rail profiles on there trained crane runways.
  • the following statements on the present crane 1 apply accordingly to a load-handling crane designed as a suspension crane.
  • the crane girder 2 extends with its longitudinal extent LE horizontally and transversely, in particular at right angles, to the crane travel direction x.
  • the crane 1 or its crane girder 2 can be moved in the crane travel direction x via the crane carriages 5, 6 driven by a motorized crane drive.
  • the crane drive preferably comprises an electric motor 5a or 6a for each of the two crane carriages 5, 6.
  • a crane trolley 7 with a hoist 8 is arranged on the crane girder 2, which, by means of its trolley 7a driven by a motorized trolley drive, together with the hoist 8 on the crane girder 2 along its longitudinal extent LE and thus transversely, in particular at right angles, to the crane travel direction x in a trolley travel direction y can be moved.
  • the trolley drive preferably also includes an electric motor.
  • the crane trolley 7 with its trolley 7a can be moved within the crane rail 2 on a local trolley track in the same way as the crane trolleys 5, 6 within the respective rail on the crane track.
  • the chassis 5, 6 and 7a and their motorized drives form a travel drive of the crane 1.
  • the crane trolley 7 and thus the hoist 8 can move in one direction be moved motorized on and parallel to a preferably horizontal driving plane E.
  • the travel direction corresponds to the crane travel direction x or the trolley travel direction y or their superimposition.
  • a lifting drive of the hoist 8 which is motorized in particular by means of an electric motor, a limp and cord-like support element 9 of the hoist 8 or its section hanging down from the travel plane E and a load lifting device 9a attached to it and thus suspended with a load L possibly attached to the load lifting device 9a can be lifted or lowered become.
  • the support means 9 can be designed not only as a cable but also as a chain, so that the hoist 8 is then designed not as a cable but as a chain hoist.
  • the load-carrying means 9a comprises a load hook, for example, and is attached and suspended on the support means 9 and thus on the load line, in particular via a handling device 10 in the load line, which is attached to the support means 9 in a load-bearing manner.
  • the crane 1 is designed as a load-handling crane 1 in the sense defined above.
  • the load-bearing connection between the load-carrying means 9a and the handling device 10 for fastening the load-carrying means 9a to the suspension means is preferably a non-rotatable connection in order to be able to move a load L particularly precisely by appropriate manipulation of the handling device 10 and thus be able to handle it.
  • a handle 15 is arranged on a housing 12 of the handling device 10, which the respective operator 13 can grip with one hand 13a in order to guide and align the suspension element 9 and thus the load strand, including any load L, by means of a corresponding manual force to be able to dampen any pendulum movements thereof.
  • the other hand 13b of the operator 13 can be in direct contact with the load L and support guiding and aligning or damping, so that both hands 13a, 13b are available for this, as is typical for load-handling cranes.
  • the handling device 10 for operating the crane 1 is equipped with an operating element 16 (see figure 2 ) provided and thus designed as a control switch.
  • the crane 1 also includes a control unit 11 which, in terms of control technology and in particular in terms of signal transmission, is connected to both the handling device 10 or whose operating element 16 is connected as well as to the travel drive and the hoist drive of the crane 1 .
  • the control unit 11 triggers corresponding control commands for, in particular, independently activating the drives or their electric motors, so that the crane 1 and the associated crane movements can be operated in this way. in particular, driving maneuvers on the driving plane E and lifting and lowering movements of the support means 9 perpendicular thereto can be effected.
  • the recognizable control element 16 comprises two control parts in the form of a "forward travel” button 16a and a “reverse travel” button 16b for triggering control commands with opposite travel directions (direction setpoint values) for the traction drive.
  • the operating element 16 includes two further operating parts in the form of a “lift” button 16c and a “lower” button 16d for controlling the lifting drive of the hoist 8 and thus for triggering corresponding setpoint values and/or control commands.
  • the control unit 11 can be divided, so that a part 11a of the control unit 11 serving to control the trolley drive and in particular also the hoist drive as a trolley control on the crane trolley 7 and a part 11b of the control unit 11 serving to control the crane drive as a crane control outside of the crane trolley 7 the crane girder 2 or at least one of the chassis 3, 4 is arranged.
  • the control unit 11 can also be accommodated with at least both parts 11a and 11b in the handling device 10 or its housing 12 and from there control both the lifting drive and the travel drive (crane drive and trolley drive) (not shown).
  • the crane 1 is provided with a system according to the invention for operating the crane 1 accordingly.
  • the main components of the system are the handling device 10, the operating element 16 and a sensor system 20 (see figure 3 ) for, in particular continuous, determination of an alignment of the support means 9 and/or a part fastened to the support means 9, in particular the handling device 10 and/or the load handling device 9a.
  • control element 16 acts with the sensor 20 via a signal-transmitting, not shown Connection together in such a way that by actuating the operating element 16, that is to say its "forward travel” button 16a or “reverse travel” button 16b, a control command for controlling the travel drive with a direction setpoint can be triggered.
  • the control command can then be used to move the hoist 8 by means of the travel drive in a travel direction on the travel plane E that corresponds to the desired direction value, with the desired direction value or the direction of travel being dependent on an orientation determined by the sensor system 20 .
  • the desired direction of travel for the control command is specified here as a function of the corresponding orientation by actuating the operating element 16 and can be changed by appropriately setting the respective orientation.
  • the desired direction value can be specified by an evaluation unit connected to the sensor system 20 in a signal-transmitting manner and can be transmitted via a signal-transmitting connection to the control unit 11 in which the control command is then generated.
  • the evaluation unit can be accommodated on or in the handling device 10 .
  • the system or its sensor system 20 is designed to determine an alignment of the handling device 10 as a part fastened to the carrying means 9 .
  • This is an alignment that can be changed and thus adjusted by rotating R of the handling device 10 about an axis of rotation z1.
  • the respective operator 13 can grasp the handling device 10, for example by the handle 15, with one hand 13a and bring about the desired rotation R by means of a corresponding manual force.
  • the axis of rotation z1 can extend in the direction of gravitational force and thus inclined relative to the driving plane E.
  • the section of the support means 9 hanging down from the travel plane E, to which the handling device 10 and in particular the load handling device 9a is attached, can also be in its rest position and also extend in the direction of gravitational force.
  • the suspension element 9 itself can also be aligned according to the rotation R and twisted around the axis of rotation z1 for this purpose.
  • the handling device 10 is preferably rotated relative to the support means 9.
  • the handling device 10 is attached, in particular jointly and uniformly with the load-carrying means 9a and any load L attached thereto, by means of a rotary arrangement 17 to the support means 9 and is rotatable relative thereto about the axis of rotation z1.
  • the suspension element 9 itself is not twisted about the axis of rotation z1, or at most to a negligible extent.
  • a hose 22 designed as a spiral hose is provided (see Fig figure 2 ), which serves as an element for reducing torsion of the suspension element 9.
  • the lower end of the hose 22 is non-rotatably connected via the rotary arrangement 17 to the section of the suspension element 9 hanging down from the driving plane E, in particular indirectly via a rotary element of the rotary arrangement 17, which in turn is non-rotatably connected to the suspended section of the suspension element 9.
  • the hose 22 is also non-rotatably connected in the area of the travel plane E to the hoist 8, in particular its housing.
  • the hose 22 is designed in such a way that its length adjusts accordingly when it is raised or lowered and the associated movement of the suspension element 9 .
  • the carrying means 9 is accommodated inside the hose 22 .
  • the alignment that can be determined by means of the sensor system 20 is recorded in the form of a rotation angle W, which can be set by rotating R of the handling device 10 about the rotation axis z1 and relative to the support means 9 .
  • a rotation angle W which can be set by rotating R of the handling device 10 about the rotation axis z1 and relative to the support means 9 .
  • a possible embodiment of the sensor 20 is below based on the figure 3 explained.
  • FIG 2 shows the handling device 10 suspended from the support means 9 figure 1 in a side view in more detail.
  • the handling device 10 is coupled to the carrying means 9 via a connecting body 14 and the rotary arrangement 17 .
  • the handling device 10 or its housing 12 has a receptacle 10a for the non-rotatable attachment of the load handling device 9a.
  • the rotary arrangement 17, in particular its housing 17c, and the handling device 10, in particular the housing 12, are connected to one another and to the carrying means 9 in a load-bearing manner by means of the connecting body 14.
  • the operating element 16 is arranged on the housing 12, in particular on the handle 15 there.
  • the operating parts of the operating element 16 formed by the keys 16a to 16d can also be seen.
  • the operating element 16 and its keys 16a to 16d are in the present case designed as mechanically actuated keys each having at least one actuation stage.
  • other configurations in the sense defined above are also conceivable.
  • the handle 15 is designed to be at least partially gripped by a hand 13a, 13b of the operator 13 and at the same time to enable the operating element 16 or the buttons 16a to 16d to be reached with the same hand 13a, 13b.
  • the handle 15 can also be used as a lever arm to move the handling device 10 together with a suspended load L (see figure 1 ) to be able to easily rotate around the axis of rotation z1.
  • FIG 3 shows a section through the rotary assembly 17 and part of the handling device 10.
  • An upper first rotary element 17a and a lower second rotary element 17b of the rotary assembly 17 are accommodated within the housing 17c.
  • the rotary elements 17a, 17b can be rotated relative to each other about the axis of rotation z1 or define it.
  • the rotary elements 17a, 17b are supported against each other via spherical rolling bodies 18 in particular, in order to form an axial bearing, in particular a ball bearing, designed as a roller bearing.
  • a sealing body 19 covering the gap between the two rotary elements 17a, 17b is also arranged.
  • the handling device 10 In order to fasten and suspend the handling device 10 via the rotary arrangement 17 in a load-bearing manner on the support means 9, the handling device 10 is in particular with its housing 12 non-rotatably with respect to the axis of rotation z1 with the first rotary element 17a and the free end of the support means 9 is non-rotatable with respect to the axis of rotation z1 connected to the second rotary member 17b.
  • the load-bearing and non-rotatable connection between the handling device 10 and the first rotary element 17a takes place via the connecting body 14, which is connected on the one hand to a first collar 14a on the housing 17c and on the other hand to a second collar 14b on the housing 12 and thus in each case in a form-fitting and friction-fitting manner supported and for this purpose by corresponding opposite Openings in the housing 17c and 12 engages respectively.
  • the likewise load-bearing and non-rotatable connection between the support means 9 and the second rotary element 17b is made here via a holding element 21, which is arranged inside the housing 17c and is supported on the housing wall of the housing 17c via the rotary elements 17a and 17b and the rolling bodies, the Rotary element 17a is in contact with the housing wall.
  • the sensor 20 is designed according to an embodiment that is not part of the invention as a rotation angle sensor and in the present exemplary embodiment is fully attached to the support element 9.
  • the sensor system 20 is arranged between the carrying means 9 and the handling device 10, in particular within the housing 17c.
  • the sensor system 20 comprises a magnetic body 20a and a sensor 20b that interacts with it in the form of a Hall sensor designed as a 3D sensor, which enables an absolute angle of rotation W to be determined and for this purpose defines a corresponding coordinate plane of the sensor system 20, which serves as a reference system for the alignment is used.
  • the magnetic body 20a is connected to the holding element 21 in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the axis of rotation z1 and is carried by the holding element 21 on a side facing away from the carrying means 9 and facing the handling device 10 .
  • the sensor 20b is connected to the handling device 10 in a rotationally fixed manner opposite the magnetic body 20a with respect to the axis of rotation z1 and is arranged on the head side of the connecting body 14 located within the housing 17c.
  • a reverse arrangement of the magnet body 20a and sensor 20b is of course also possible.
  • the alignment in addition to determining the alignment of the handling device 10 and the parts connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner relative to a coordinate plane that can be moved with the support means 9, it is also conceivable that the alignment, in particular the respective angle of rotation W, can be determined relative to a global and in particular stationary coordinate plane.
  • the sensor system 20 can include an electronic compass, for example, which then defines the coordinate plane of the sensor system 20 . Determining the orientation relative to such a coordinate plane has the advantage that unambiguous results are possible independently of a possible rotation or torsion of the suspension element 9 and thus of the coordinate plane about the axis of rotation z1.
  • the sensor system 20 can have transmitters and receivers here in order to determine two reference points defined, for example, on the handling device 10 and their alignment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zum Bedienen eines Lasthandling-Krans gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, einen Lasthandling-Kran mit einem solchen System gemäß den Merkmalen von Anspruch 10 sowie ein Verfahren zum Bedienen eines Lasthandling-Krans gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 11.The invention relates to a system for operating a load handling crane according to the preamble of claim 1, a load handling crane with such a system according to the features of claim 10 and a method for operating a load handling crane according to the preamble of claim 11.

Krane dienen allgemein dem Heben und Senken von Lasten an voneinander unterschiedlichen Orten innerhalb deren Arbeitsbereich. Hierzu wird ein Hebezeug des Krans mittels eines Fahrantriebs in einer üblicherweise horizontalen Fahrtrichtung verfahren, sofern eine Bedienperson durch Manipulation einer beispielsweise als Steuerschalter ausgebildeten Handhabungseinrichtung des Krans entsprechende Steuerbefehle für den Fahrantrieb auslöst und somit den Kran bedient. Zu diesem Zweck weisen Steuerschalter als Schnittstelle zwischen einer Bedienperson und dem Kran Bedienelemente auf, die von einer Bedienperson im Sinne einer Manipulation der Handhabungseinrichtung betätigt werden können, um dadurch die jeweiligen Steuerbefehle für den Fahrantrieb sowie einen Hubantrieb des Krans auszulösen. Die Bedienelemente können hierbei als mechanisch zu betätigende physische Bedienelemente, beispielsweise federnd gelagerte Taster beziehungsweise Drucktaster, Dreh- oder Schieberegler und einrastende oder nicht einrastende Schalter, und/oder als berührungssensitive Oberfläche ausgestaltet sein. Außerdem sind entsprechende Steuerschalter beziehungsweise die Bedienelemente, eine Steuerungseinheit des Krans sowie die Antriebe (Fahrantrieb und der Hubantrieb) für das Auslösen und/oder Übertragen von Steuerbefehlen signalübertragend miteinander verbunden, um die Antriebe mittels der Steuerbefehle ansteuern zu können. Der Steuerschalter kann hierbei für eine kabellose Signalübertragung beispielsweise per Funk oder Infrarot als Fernbedienung oder für eine kabelgebundene Signalübertragung als Hängesteuerschalter ausgebildet sein, der an einem auch als Steuerleitung bezeichneten Signalübertragungskabel aufgehängt ist.Cranes are generally used to lift and lower loads at different locations within their working area. For this purpose, a hoist of the crane is moved by means of a travel drive in a usually horizontal direction of travel if an operator triggers corresponding control commands for the travel drive by manipulating a handling device of the crane, for example designed as a control switch, and thus operates the crane. For this purpose, control switches as an interface between an operator and the crane have operating elements that can be actuated by an operator to manipulate the handling device, thereby triggering the respective control commands for the travel drive and a hoist drive of the crane. The controls can be configured as physical controls to be actuated mechanically, for example spring-loaded buttons or pushbuttons, rotary or slide controls and latching or non-latching switches, and/or as a touch-sensitive surface. In addition, corresponding control switches or the operating elements, a control unit of the crane and the drives (travel drive and hoist drive) for triggering and/or transmitting control commands are connected to one another in a signal-transmitting manner in order to be able to control the drives using the control commands. The control switch can be designed as a remote control for wireless signal transmission, for example by radio or infrared, or as a pendant control switch for wired signal transmission, which is suspended from a signal transmission cable, also known as a control line.

Bei so genannten Lasthandling-Kranen ist die optional als Steuerschalter ausgebildete Handhabungseinrichtung nicht wie bei den vorgenannten herkömmlichen Kranen außerhalb des heb- und senkbaren Tragmittels des Krans beziehungsweise dessen Hebezeugs, sondern an einem von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitt des Tragmittels und hierbei oberhalb eines ebenfalls am Tragmittel aufgehängten Lastaufnahmemittels befestigt und somit insbesondere aufgehängt. Insbesondere kann das Lastaufnahmemittel hierbei auch ausschließlich über die Handhabungseinrichtung am Tragmittel befestigt sein, so dass die Handhabungseinrichtung lasttragend und somit als Teil des Laststrangs am Tragmittel befestigt ist. Die Befestigung der Handhabungseinrichtung am Tragmittel ermöglicht einer Bedienperson anders als bei den zuvor erwähnten herkömmlichen Kranen durch eine Manipulation der Handhabungseinrichtung einhändig und zeitgleich mit derselben Hand sowohl Steuerbefehle für den Kran beziehungsweise dessen Antriebe auszulösen als auch Pendelbewegungen des Tragmittels und einer etwaigen am Lastaufnahmemittel befestigten Last manuell zu dämpfen.In so-called load-handling cranes, the handling device, which is optionally designed as a control switch, is not outside of the lifting and lowering carrying means of the crane or its hoist, as in the aforementioned conventional cranes, but on one of the driving level suspended portion of the suspension means and in this case above a likewise suspended on the suspension means load handling means and thus suspended in particular. In particular, the load handling device can also be attached to the support means exclusively via the handling device, so that the handling device is load-bearing and thus attached to the support means as part of the load strand. In contrast to the conventional cranes mentioned above, the attachment of the handling device to the suspension means allows an operator to trigger both control commands for the crane or its drives as well as manual pendulum movements of the suspension means and any load attached to the load handling means by manipulating the handling device with one hand and at the same time with the same hand to dampen.

Aus der DE 297 19 865 U1 ist ein im vorbeschriebenen Sinne als Lasthandling-Kran ausgebildeter Hängekran bekannt, bei dem auf die Ausbildung der Handhabungseinrichtung als Bedienelemente aufweisender Steuerschalter verzichtet wird. Stattdessen ist zur Bedienung des Krans vorgesehen, dass eine Bedienperson als Manipulation eine manuelle Kraft auf die Handhabungseinrichtung und hierüber auf das Tragmittel ausübt, die eine Auslenkung eines als Tragmittel dienenden Seils einschließlich einer etwaigen daran hängenden Last aus seiner Ruhelage und damit gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung bewirkt. Über eine Sensorik wird die Auslenkungsrichtung des Tragmittels gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung ermittelt und als gewünschte Fahrtrichtung des Hebezeugs interpretiert, so dass allein aufgrund der ermittelten Auslenkung beziehungsweise Auslenkungsrichtung entsprechende Steuerbefehle für den Fahrantrieb des Krans ausgelöst und vom Fahrantrieb in ein Verfahren des Hebezeugs in eine der Auslenkungsrichtung des Tragmittels entsprechende Fahrtrichtung umgesetzt werden.From the DE 297 19 865 U1 discloses a suspension crane designed as a load-handling crane in the above-described sense, in which the design of the handling device as a control switch having operating elements is dispensed with. Instead, in order to operate the crane, it is provided that an operator exerts a manual force as a manipulation on the handling device and thereby on the suspension means, which causes a deflection of a rope serving as a suspension means, including any load hanging from it, from its rest position and thus in relation to the direction of the gravitational force. The deflection direction of the suspension means in relation to the direction of gravitational force is determined by a sensor system and interpreted as the desired direction of travel of the hoist, so that corresponding control commands for the travel drive of the crane are triggered solely on the basis of the determined deflection or deflection direction and the travel drive causes the hoist to move in one of the deflection directions of the Carrying means are implemented in the direction of travel.

Ein weiterer als Hängekran ausgebildeter Lasthandling-Kran ist aus dem Prospekt "Produktivität mit Fingerspitzengefühl - Demag KBK Drive Assist" der Terex MHPS GmbH (abrufbar unter http://www.demagcranes.com/Leichtkransystem-KBK-Drive-Assist) bekannt. Auch bei diesem Kran kann das Hebezeug allein durch das vorbeschriebene und durch eine entsprechende Manipulation der am Tragmittel befestigten Handhabungseinrichtung bewirkte Auslenken seines Tragmittels in der gewünschten Fahrtrichtung verfahren werden. Darüber hinaus ist die Handhabungseinrichtung des Krans als Steuerschalter ausgebildet, der dementsprechend ein Bedienelement aufweist, durch dessen ebenfalls als Manipulation der Handhabungsrichtung erfolgende Betätigung der Hubantrieb des Krans beziehungsweise seines Hebezeugs zum Heben beziehungsweise Senken einer Last angesteuert werden kann.Another load handling crane designed as a suspension crane is known from the brochure "Productivity with sensitivity - Demag KBK Drive Assist" from Terex MHPS GmbH (available at http://www.demagcranes.com/Leichtkransystem-KBK-Drive-Assist). With this crane, too, the hoist can be moved in the desired direction of travel solely by the deflection of its carrying means, as described above and by appropriate manipulation of the handling device attached to the carrying means. In addition, the handling device of the crane is designed as a control switch that accordingly has an operating element, which, when actuated also as a manipulation of the handling direction, can be used to actuate the lifting drive of the crane or its hoist for lifting or lowering a load.

Ein System mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs der Ansprüche 1 und 11 ist bereits aus der US 2004/0026349 A1 bekannt, wobei Auslenkungswinkel der Last ermittelt werden, um anschließend Kranbewegungen entsprechend dem ermittelten Winkel ausführen zu können. In diesem Dokument ist außerdem beschrieben, dass eine Korrektur von unbeabsichtigten Verdrehungen des Tragmittels vorgenommen werden kann.A system with the features of the preamble of claims 1 and 11 is already from U.S. 2004/0026349 A1 known, with the deflection angle of the load being determined in order to then be able to carry out crane movements according to the determined angle. This document also describes how unintentional twisting of the suspension element can be corrected.

Ähnliche Systeme, die zum Bewirken von Kranbewegungen eine Lastauslenkung erfordern, sind aus der DE 20 2016 002 296 U1 und der US 6,738,691 B1 bekannt. Im zuvor beschriebenen Stand der Technik ist also jeweils eine intuitive Bedienung des jeweiligen Lasthandling-Krans möglich, da das Hebezeug stets in die jeweilige Auslenkungsrichtung des Tragmittels verfahren wird. Insbesondere ein größeres Gewicht von beispielsweise mehr als 50 kg aufweisende Lasten erfordern dabei allerdings einen hohen Kraftaufwand seitens der Bedienperson, um die zum Ansteuern des Fahrantriebs erforderliche Auslenkung des Tragmittels einschließlich aufgenommener Last zu bewirken und/oder Pendelbewegungen dämpfend zu beeinflussen. Dies wirkt auf Dauer ermüdend für die jeweilige Bedienperson. In diesem Zusammenhang besteht insbesondere in Fällen mit einem ungünstigen Verhältnis zwischen dem Gewicht der Last und dem Gewicht der Bedienperson beziehungsweise deren Kraft auch das Risiko, dass die in Form der Auslenkung bewirkte Ausrichtung des Tragmittels nicht oder ermüdungsbedingt nicht mehr mit der gewünschten Präzision erfolgt und damit eine Bewegung des Hebezeugs einschließlich der Last zunächst nicht in der eigentlich gewünschten Fahrtrichtung erfolgt.Similar systems that require load deflection to effect crane movements are known from US Pat DE 20 2016 002 296 U1 and the US 6,738,691 B1 known. In the prior art described above, intuitive operation of the respective load-handling crane is possible, since the hoist is always moved in the respective deflection direction of the suspension element. In particular, loads that weigh more than 50 kg, for example, require a great deal of effort on the part of the operator in order to cause the deflection of the suspension means including the load that is required to control the travel drive and/or to dampen pendulum movements. In the long run, this has a tiring effect on the respective operator. In this context, especially in cases with an unfavorable ratio between the weight of the load and the weight of the operator or their strength, there is also the risk that the alignment of the suspension element caused by the deflection does not occur or no longer occurs with the desired precision due to fatigue a movement of the hoist including the load does not initially take place in the actually desired direction of travel.

Aus der US 7,461,753 B1 ist ein Lasthandling-System mit einem Endeffektor bekannt. Mittels Betätigung eines ersten Joysticks kann eine vertikale Bewegung des Endeffektors ausgelöst werden. Mittels eines zweiten Joysticks kann eine horizontale Bewegung des Endeffektors ausgelöst werden, indem der Joystick in die gewünschte Richtung gekippt wird. Bei der durch entsprechendes Kippen des zweiten Joysticks ausgelösten horizontalen Bewegung wird ein Drehwinkel einer als Tragmittel dienenden Drehsäule berücksichtigt, an der der Endeffektor befestigt ist. Der Endeffektor kann alternativ auch an einem Seil anstelle einer Drehsäule befestigt sein, wobei dann ein elektronischer Kompass eingesetzt wird.From the U.S. 7,461,753 B1 a load handling system with an end effector is known. A vertical movement of the end effector can be triggered by actuating a first joystick. A second joystick can be used to trigger a horizontal movement of the end effector by tilting the joystick in the desired direction. By tilting the second joystick accordingly Triggered horizontal movement is taken into account a rotation angle of serving as a support means rotating column to which the end effector is attached. Alternatively, the end effector can be attached to a cable instead of a pivot post, in which case an electronic compass is used.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein System zum Bedienen eines Lasthandling-Krans, einen mit einem solchen System ausgestatteten Lasthandling-Kran sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Bedienung dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die Sicherheit auch bei der Handhabung von schwereren Lasten, insbesondere bei Montage- und Umschlagvorgängen, erhöht und aufwandsärmer gestaltet wird.Against this background, the object of the present invention is to improve a system for operating a load-handling crane, a load-handling crane equipped with such a system, and a method for operating it to the effect that safety is also ensured when handling heavier loads, especially in assembly and handling processes, is increased and designed with less effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein System mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, einen Lasthandling-Kran mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 gelöst. In den abhängigen Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.This object is achieved by a system having the features of claim 1, a load handling crane having the features of claim 10 and a method having the features of claim 11. Advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and the following description.

Erfindungsgemäß wird nun ein System zum Bedienen eines Lasthandling-Krans verbessert, dessen Hebezeug mittels eines Fahrantriebs des Krans auf einer vorzugsweise horizontalen Fahrebene verfahrbar ist. Das System umfasst eine Handhabungseinrichtung zum Bedienen des Krans, wobei die Handhabungseinrichtung zur Befestigung an einem von der Fahrebene, das heißt zumindest unterhalb der Fahrebene, herabhängenden sowie heb- und senkbaren Abschnitt eines Tragmittels des Hebezeugs vorgesehen und ausgebildet ist, um einer Bedienperson zu ermöglichen, durch eine Manipulation der Handhabungseinrichtung, die insbesondere einhändig und zeitgleich mit derselben Hand der Bedienperson erfolgen kann, sowohl Steuerbefehle für den Kran beziehungsweise dessen Antriebe auszulösen als auch das Tragmittel und eine etwaige daran hängende Last manuell zu führen und auszurichten sowie Pendelbewegungen des Tragmittels und der Last manuell zu dämpfen. Die Befestigung der Handhabungseinrichtung an dem von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitt des Tragmittels, das biegeschlaff, beispielsweise als Seil oder Kette, ausgebildet sein kann, kann insbesondere oberhalb von einem an dem Tragmittel aufgehängten Lastaufnahmemittel erfolgen. Auch kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Handhabungseinrichtung, insbesondere deren Gehäuse, ausgebildet ist, um lasttragend zwischen dem Abschnitt des Tragmittels und dem Lastaufnahmemittel an dem Tragmittel angeordnet und befestigt zu werden. Dadurch wird die Handhabungseinrichtung ebenso wie das Lastaufnahmemittel zu einem das Tragmittel verlängernden Teil des Laststrangs des Hebezeugs, durch den von einer an dem Lastaufnahmemittel befestigten Last ausgehende Lastkräfte über die Handhabungseinrichtung, insbesondere deren Gehäuse, in das Tragmittel eingeleitet werden. Dementsprechend kann das Lastaufnahmemittel an der Handhabungseinrichtung, insbesondere deren Gehäuse, und damit über die Handhabungseinrichtung an dem Tragmittel befestigt und aufgehängt werden. Hierbei kann ein einfacher Wechsel zwischen verschiedenen Lastaufnahmemitteln wie Lasthaken, Greifern etc. ermöglicht werden, indem an der Handhabungseinrichtung beziehungsweise deren Gehäuse eine Aufnahme zur lösbaren Befestigung des jeweiligen Lastaufnahmemittels ausgebildet ist. Die Handhabungseinrichtung und insbesondere deren Gehäuse können also insgesamt so ausgestaltet und mit dem Lastaufnahmemittel verbindbar sein, dass eine Bewegung und insbesondere Drehung der Handhabungseinrichtung eine im gleichen Maße erfolgende Bewegung des Lastaufnahmemittels einschließlich einer etwaigen daran befestigten Last bewirkt und umgekehrt.According to the invention, a system for operating a load-handling crane is now improved, the hoist of which can be moved on a preferably horizontal travel plane by means of a travel drive of the crane. The system comprises a handling device for operating the crane, the handling device being provided and designed for attachment to a section of a carrying means of the hoist that hangs down from the driving plane, i.e. at least below the driving plane, and can be raised and lowered, in order to enable an operator by manipulating the handling device, which can in particular be done with one hand and simultaneously with the same hand of the operator, both to trigger control commands for the crane or its drives and to manually guide and align the suspension means and any load hanging from it, as well as pendulum movements of the suspension means and the load dampen manually. The attachment of the handling device to the section of the support means hanging down from the driving plane, which can be designed to be flexible, for example as a rope or chain, can take place in particular above a load handling device suspended from the support means. It can also be provided that the handling device, in particular Housing designed to be arranged and fastened to the suspension means in a load-bearing manner between the section of the suspension means and the load-carrying means. As a result, the handling device, like the load handling device, becomes a part of the load train of the hoist that extends the suspension element and through which load forces emanating from a load attached to the load handling device are introduced into the suspension element via the handling device, in particular its housing. Accordingly, the load handling device can be fastened and suspended on the handling device, in particular its housing, and thus on the carrying device via the handling device. Here, a simple change between different load handling devices such as load hooks, grippers, etc. can be made possible by a receptacle for detachably fastening the respective load handling device being formed on the handling device or its housing. The handling device and in particular its housing can therefore be configured and connected to the load handling device in such a way that a movement and in particular a rotation of the handling device causes the load handling device to move to the same extent, including any load attached to it, and vice versa.

Das erfindungsgemäße System umfasst außerdem eine Sensorik zur Ermittlung einer Ausrichtung des herabhängenden Abschnitts des Tragmittels und/oder einer Ausrichtung eines daran befestigten und somit an dem Tragmittel aufgehängten Teils. Bei diesem Teil kann es sich insbesondere um die Handhabungseinrichtung und/oder das Lastaufnahmemittel handeln. Außerdem ist vorgesehen, dass das System ein Bedienelement aufweist, das mit der Sensorik derart zusammenwirkt, dass durch eine Betätigung des Bedienelements ein Steuerbefehl zum Ansteuern des Fahrantriebs auslösbar ist, durch den das Hebezeug mittels des Fahrantriebs in einer Fahrtrichtung auf der Fahrebene verfahrbar ist und die Fahrtrichtung von einer mittels der Sensorik ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängig ist. Das Bedienelement weist zwei Bedienteile auf, deren Betätigung jeweils Steuerbefehle für entgegengesetzte Fahrtrichtungen im Sinne einer Vorwärtsfahrt und einer Rückwärtsfahrt auslösen, wozu die zwei Bedienteile in Form einer ersten Taste für die Vorwärtsfahrt und einer zweiten Taste für die Rückwärtsfahrt ausgebildet sind, vorzugsweise jeweils als mechanisch zu betätigender Taster mit jeweils zumindest einer Betätigungsstufe. Die erfindungsgemäße Verbesserung eines derartigen Systems wird nun dadurch erreicht, dass die Sensorik ausgebildet ist, um diejenige Ausrichtung des von der Fahrebene herabhängenden und sich hierbei in Gravitationskraftrichtung erstreckenden Abschnitts des Tragmittels und/oder des daran befestigten Teils zu ermitteln, die durch eine Drehung des Abschnitts beziehungsweise Teils um eine sich in Gravitationskraftrichtung erstreckende Drehachse änderbar ist. Anders als im oben genannten Stand der Technik ist dadurch sowohl zur Vorgabe der gewünschten Fahrtrichtung als auch zum Auslösen eines entsprechenden Steuerbefehls für den Fahrantrieb kein Auslenken des Tragmittels gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung in die gewünschte Fahrtrichtung mehr erforderlich, so dass der hiermit bisher verbundene Kraftaufwand für die jeweilige Bedienperson vollständig vermieden werden kann.The system according to the invention also includes a sensor system for determining an orientation of the hanging section of the suspension element and/or an orientation of a part attached thereto and thus suspended from the suspension element. This part can in particular be the handling device and/or the load handling device. Provision is also made for the system to have an operating element which interacts with the sensor system in such a way that actuation of the operating element can trigger a control command for activating the travel drive, which can be used to move the hoist by means of the travel drive in one direction of travel on the travel plane and which Direction of travel is dependent on an orientation determined by means of the sensors. The operating element has two operating parts, the actuation of which triggers control commands for opposite directions of travel in the sense of forward travel and reverse travel, for which purpose the two operating parts are designed in the form of a first button for forward travel and a second button for reverse travel, preferably each as a mechanical one actuating button each with at least one actuation stage. The inventive improvement of such a system is now characterized achieved in that the sensor system is designed to determine that orientation of the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane and thereby extending in the direction of gravitational force and/or the part attached thereto, which is caused by a rotation of the section or part about an axis of rotation extending in the direction of gravitational force is changeable. In contrast to the above-mentioned state of the art, it is no longer necessary to deflect the support means in relation to the direction of gravitational force in the desired direction of travel, both to specify the desired direction of travel and to trigger a corresponding control command for the travel drive, so that the previously associated effort for the respective Operator can be completely avoided.

Das Bedienelement des Systems ist vorzugsweise an der Handhabungseinrichtung und insbesondere an deren Gehäuse angeordnet, wodurch diese dann als Steuerschalter ausgebildet ist. Mittels des Fahrantriebs kann das Hebezeug jeweils unabhängig voneinander in einer Kranfahrrichtung und/oder in einer hierzu rechtwinkligen Katzfahrrichtung auf der Fahrebene verfahren werden, die jeweils für sich oder in Kombination durch ihre Überlagerung die Fahrtrichtung des Hebezeugs auf der Fahrebene ergeben. Die Fahrtrichtung ist also eine Richtung, die auf und parallel zu der vorzugsweise horizontalen Fahrebene in Kranfahrrichtung und/oder Katzfahrrichtung verläuft. Über einen Bedienteil des Bedienelements oder ein weiteres bereits vorhandenes und an der Handhabungseinrichtung vorgesehenes Bedienelement können durch dessen jeweilige Betätigung auch Steuerbefehle für den Hubantrieb ausgelöst werden, so dass die Handhabungseinrichtung auch ohne das Bedienelement für den Fahrantrieb bereits als Steuerschalter ausgebildet sein kann.The operating element of the system is preferably arranged on the handling device and in particular on its housing, as a result of which this is then designed as a control switch. By means of the travel drive, the hoist can be moved independently of one another in a crane travel direction and/or in a trolley travel direction at right angles to this on the travel plane, which individually or in combination result in the travel direction of the hoist on the travel plane through their superimposition. The direction of travel is therefore a direction that runs on and parallel to the preferably horizontal travel plane in the crane travel direction and/or trolley travel direction. Control commands for the lifting drive can also be triggered via a control part of the control element or another control element that is already present and provided on the handling device, so that the handling device can already be designed as a control switch even without the control element for the travel drive.

Vorzugsweise wird die von der ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängige Fahrtrichtung für den Steuerbefehl auch durch eine Betätigung eines Bedienelements vorgegeben und dadurch der ermittelten Ausrichtung in vordefinierter Weise die Fahrtrichtung zugeordnet. Hierbei kann es sich um dasselbe Bedienelement beziehungsweise dessen Bedienteil handeln, durch dessen Betätigung der Steuerbefehl ausgelöst wird, wobei insbesondere durch dieselbe Betätigung sowohl der Steuerbefehl ausgelöst als auch die zugehörige Fahrtrichtung vorgegeben werden kann. Auch ist denkbar, dass zwei Betätigungen erforderlich sind, um den Steuerbefehl auszulösen. Hierzu kann das Bedienelement beziehungsweise dessen Bedienteil eine erste Betätigungsstufe für eine erste Betätigung zur Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der ermittelten Ausrichtung und eine zweite Betätigungsstufe für eine zweite Betätigung zum anschließenden Auslösen des eigentlichen Steuerbefehls unter Berücksichtigung der zuvor vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung aufweist. Alternativ können auch zwei separate, vorzugsweise jeweils an der Handhabungseinrichtung beziehungsweise deren Gehäuse angeordnete, Bedienelemente vorgesehen sein, von denen eines für eine erste Betätigung zur Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung und eines für eine zweite Betätigung zum Auslösen des Steuerbefehls dient. Das Bedienelement für die Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung kann dann zwei Bedienteile für die Vorwärtsfahrt und die Rückwärtsfahrt aufweisen.The direction of travel, which depends on the determined orientation, is preferably also specified for the control command by actuating an operating element, and the direction of travel is thereby assigned to the determined orientation in a predefined manner. This can be the same control element or its control part, by the actuation of which the control command is triggered, wherein in particular both the control command can be triggered and the associated direction of travel can be specified by the same actuation. It is also conceivable that two operations are required to trigger the control command. For this purpose, the operating element or its operating part can have a first actuation stage for a first actuation to specify the direction of travel as a function of the determined orientation and a second actuation stage for a second actuation for subsequent triggering of the actual control command, taking into account the previously specified direction of travel. Alternatively, two separate operating elements, each preferably arranged on the handling device or its housing, can be provided, one of which is used for a first actuation to specify the direction of travel and one for a second actuation to trigger the control command. The operating element for specifying the direction of travel can then have two operating parts for forward travel and reverse travel.

Mit anderen Worten kann also erst durch die Betätigung des entsprechenden Bedienelements beziehungsweise Bedienteils oder der entsprechenden Betätigungsstufe das Hebezeug mittels des Fahrantriebs in einer Fahrtrichtung auf der Fahrebene verfahren werden, wobei die Fahrtrichtung von der mittels der Sensorik ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängig ist. Dadurch wird die Sicherheit beim Lasthandling wesentlich erhöht, da durch die erforderliche Betätigung im Sinne einer Sicherheitsfunktion verhindert wird, dass beispielsweise eine Ausrichtung in Form einer Auslenkung des von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitts des Tragmittels gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung sofort in ein von dem Fahrantrieb bewirktes Fahrmanöver in einer womöglich unbeabsichtigten Fahrtrichtung umgesetzt wird. Das erforderliche Betätigen eines Bedienelements ermöglicht einer Bedienperson stattdessen, zunächst eine Ausrichtung entsprechend der gewünschten Fahrtrichtung vorzunehmen. Erst durch Betätigen des Bedienelements wird dann der eigentliche Steuerbefehl zum Ansteuern des Fahrantriebs ausgelöst, durch den das Hebezeug in der von der Ausrichtung abhängigen Fahrtrichtung verfahren wird, beziehungsweise vor dem Auslösen des Steuerbefehls wird zunächst die vorgenommene Ausrichtung zur Vorgabe der gewünschten Fahrtrichtung für den Steuerbefehl bestätigt. Dadurch wäre es auch möglich, nach einer kurzen Auslenkung des herabhängenden Tragmittelabschnitts zur Vorgabe der gewünschten Fahrtrichtung für einen Steuerbefehl und der Betätigung des Bedienelements beziehungsweise der Betätigungsstufe zum Auslösen des entsprechenden Steuerbefehls die Auslenkung wieder aufzuheben, ohne dass dadurch auch die vorgegebene Fahrtrichtung und/oder der Steuerbefehl wieder aufgehoben wird. Zudem können Ausrichtungsänderungen, die zum manuellen Dämpfen etwaiger Pendelbewegungen des Tragmittels über entsprechende Manipulationen der Handhabungseinrichtung anders als im oben genannten Stand der Technik nun nicht mehr fälschlich als vermeintlich beabsichtigtes Auslösen eines Steuerbefehls interpretiert werden.In other words, the hoist can only be moved by means of the travel drive in a direction of travel on the travel plane by actuating the corresponding control element or control unit or the corresponding actuation stage, the direction of travel being dependent on the orientation determined by the sensors. This significantly increases safety when handling loads, since the required actuation in the sense of a safety function prevents, for example, an alignment in the form of a deflection of the section of the suspension means hanging down from the driving plane in relation to the direction of gravitational force immediately resulting in a driving maneuver caused by the travel drive in a possibly unintended direction of travel is implemented. Instead, the required actuation of an operating element enables an operator to initially carry out an alignment in accordance with the desired direction of travel. The actual control command for activating the travel drive, by which the hoist is moved in the direction of travel dependent on the alignment, is then only triggered when the operating element is actuated, or before the control command is triggered, the alignment made to specify the desired direction of travel for the control command is first confirmed . This would also make it possible, after a brief deflection of the suspended suspension element section to specify the desired direction of travel for a control command and the actuation of the operating element or the actuation stage to trigger the corresponding control command, to cancel the deflection again without the specified direction of travel and/or the Control command is canceled again. In addition, alignment changes required for manual damping may Oscillating movements of the support means via corresponding manipulations of the handling device are now no longer incorrectly interpreted as supposedly intended triggering of a control command, in contrast to the prior art mentioned above.

Durch eine Betätigung des entsprechenden Bedienelements beziehungsweise Bedienteils oder der entsprechenden Betätigungsstufe kann hierbei zunächst die, insbesondere während der jeweiligen Betätigung, ermittelte und beispielsweise durch entsprechende Manipulation der Handhabungseinrichtung änderbare Ausrichtung derart berücksichtigt werden, dass die von der ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängige Fahrtrichtung im Sinne eines Richtungs-Sollwerts für einen Steuerbefehl zur Ansteuerung des Fahrantriebs vorgegeben wird. Hierfür umfasst das System vorzugsweise eine entsprechend eingerichtete und mit der Sensorik signalübertragend verbundene Auswerteeinheit. Unter Berücksichtigung dieses Richtungs-Sollwerts kann dann durch die Betätigung oder eine weitere Betätigung des entsprechenden Bedienelements/Bedienteils oder der entsprechenden Betätigungsstufe der eigentliche Steuerbefehl ausgelöst beziehungsweise erzeugt und mit dem Steuerbefehl der Fahrantrieb derart angesteuert werden, dass das Hebezeug mittels des Fahrantriebs mit einem Fahrmanöver in der entsprechend des Richtungs-Sollwerts vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung verfahren wird.By actuating the corresponding operating element or operating part or the corresponding actuating stage, the orientation determined, in particular during the respective actuation, and which can be changed, for example, by corresponding manipulation of the handling device, can be taken into account in such a way that the direction of travel dependent on the determined orientation in the sense of a directional Setpoint for a control command for controlling the traction drive is specified. For this purpose, the system preferably includes an evaluation unit that is set up appropriately and is connected to the sensor system in a signal-transmitting manner. Taking this direction setpoint into account, the actual control command can then be triggered or generated by actuating or further actuating the corresponding control element/control element or the corresponding actuating stage, and the travel drive can be controlled with the control command in such a way that the hoist can be moved by means of the travel drive with a travel maneuver in which is moved according to the specified direction of travel.

In diesem Zusammenhang kann der Richtungs-Sollwert zunächst von der Auswerteeinheit an eine Steuerungseinheit des Krans übertragen werden, um dort neben Geschwindigkeits-Sollwerten beim Auslösen, das heißt bei der Erzeugung, des eigentlichen Steuerbefehls für den Fahrantrieb berücksichtigt zu werden. Mit dem Steuerbefehl steuert die Steuerungseinheit anschließend den Fahrantrieb so an, dass das Hebezeug mittels des Fahrantriebs mit der vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung und Geschwindigkeit verfahren wird. Die Steuerungseinheit kann ebenso wie die Auswerteeinheit an beziehungsweise in der Handhabungseinrichtung und insbesondere innerhalb von deren Gehäuse angeordnet sein. Mittels der Steuerungseinheit kann auch der Hubantrieb des Hebezeugs angesteuert werden, indem ein entsprechendes Bedienelement an der Handhabungseinrichtung betätigt wird. Alternativ könnten die Steuerungseinheit und die Auswerteeinheit auch außerhalb der Handhabungseinrichtung angeordnet sein. Die Steuerungseinheit kann dann auch geteilt sein, so dass ein der Ansteuerung des Katzantriebs für ein Verfahren in der Katzfahrrichtung dienender Teil der Steuerungseinheit als Katzsteuerung an der Krankatze und ein der Ansteuerung des Kranantriebs für ein Verfahren in der Kranfahrrichtung dienender Teil der Steuerungseinheit als Kransteuerung außerhalb der Krankatze an dem Kranträger oder zumindest einem der Kranfahrwerke angeordnet ist. Die Katzsteuerung kann dann auch den Hubantrieb ansteuern. Um die Übertragung von Signalen, die zumindest den ermittelten Ausrichtungen, Richtungs- und Geschwindigkeits-Sollwerten und/oder Steuerbefehlen mit solchen Sollwerten entsprechen, zu ermöglichen, sind das Bedienelement und damit insbesondere auch die Handhabungseinrichtung, die Sensorik, die Auswerteeinheit, die Steuerungseinheit und der Fahrantrieb für eine signalübertragende Verbindung untereinander eingerichtet. Hierbei kann die Signalübertragung zwischen den vorgenannten Teilen des Systems kabellos oder kabelgebunden erfolgen.In this context, the target direction value can first be transmitted from the evaluation unit to a control unit of the crane in order to be taken into account there in addition to target speed values when triggering, ie when generating, the actual control command for the travel drive. With the control command, the control unit then controls the travel drive in such a way that the hoist is moved by means of the travel drive with the specified travel direction and speed. Like the evaluation unit, the control unit can be arranged on or in the handling device and in particular inside its housing. The lifting drive of the hoist can also be controlled by means of the control unit by actuating a corresponding operating element on the handling device. Alternatively, the control unit and the evaluation unit could also be arranged outside the handling device. The control unit can then also be divided, so that one control of the trolley drive for one The part of the control unit that serves to move in the direction of travel of the crane is arranged as a trolley controller on the crane trolley and a part of the control unit that serves to control the crane drive for moving in the direction of travel of the crane is arranged as a crane controller outside of the crane trolley on the crane girder or at least one of the crane running gears. The trolley controller can then also control the hoist drive. In order to enable the transmission of signals that at least correspond to the determined alignments, direction and speed setpoints and/or control commands with such setpoints, the operating element and thus in particular the handling device, the sensors, the evaluation unit, the control unit and the Travel drive set up for a signal-transmitting connection with each other. In this case, the signal transmission between the aforementioned parts of the system can be wireless or wired.

Die Ausrichtung bezieht sich im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auf zumindest zwei Referenzpunkte, die am von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitt des Tragmittels beziehungsweise dem jeweiligen daran befestigten und zur Ermittlung der Ausrichtung dienenden Teil in voneinander unterscheidbarer Weise definiert werden. Der erste Referenzpunkt kann beispielsweise an einem für eine Bedienperson vorgesehenen Griff der Handhabungseinrichtung und der zweite Referenzpunkt auf einer dem Griff gegenüberliegenden Seite einer Gehäusewand der Handhabungseinrichtung definiert werden. Hierbei können die beiden Referenzpunkte relativ zueinander unbeweglich sein. Auch ist es denkbar, dass einer oder beide Referenzpunkte am Tragmittel definiert werden.In the context of the present invention, the alignment relates to at least two reference points, which are defined in a distinguishable manner on the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane or on the respective part attached thereto and used to determine the alignment. The first reference point can be defined, for example, on a handle of the handling device provided for an operator and the second reference point can be defined on a side of a housing wall of the handling device opposite the handle. In this case, the two reference points can be immobile relative to one another. It is also conceivable that one or both reference points are defined on the suspension element.

Zur Ermittlung der Ausrichtung kann dann beispielsweise die Position der zwei Referenzpunkte und/oder die Position beziehungsweise Lage einer die Referenzpunkte beinhaltenden gedachten Geraden relativ zu einer durch die Sensorik definierten Koordinaten-Ebene ermittelt werden. Die als Bezugssystem für die zu ermittelnde Ausrichtung dienende Koordinaten-Ebene kann ein kartesisches Koordinatensystem oder auch ein Polarkoordinatensystem sein. Die Ausrichtung kann insbesondere in Form von Koordinaten der Referenzpunkte und/oder einer Steigung und/oder eines Winkels der gedachten Geraden relativ zu dem jeweiligen Koordinatensystem ermittelt werden. Wenn die Ausrichtung in Form eines Winkels ermittelt wird, kann es sich hierbei auch um einen Drehwinkel, vorzugsweise einen absoluten Drehwinkel, handeln, der insbesondere durch eine Drehung des Tragmittels und/oder des daran befestigten Teils und damit einhergehend durch eine Drehung der gedachten Geraden um eine Drehachse änderbar ist. Der Drehwinkel kann insbesondere relativ zu einer Referenzausrichtung, ermittelt werden. Als Referenzausrichtung kann beispielsweise eine Ausrichtung parallel zu einer Achse der Koordinaten-Ebene und/oder der Fahrebene definiert werden. Die Sensorik kann dementsprechend ausgebildet und eingerichtet werden, um die Ausrichtung einschließlich und/oder ohne einen entsprechenden Drehwinkel zu ermitteln.To determine the alignment, for example, the position of the two reference points and/or the position or location of an imaginary straight line containing the reference points can then be determined relative to a coordinate plane defined by the sensor system. The coordinate plane serving as a reference system for the alignment to be determined can be a Cartesian coordinate system or a polar coordinate system. The orientation can be determined in particular in the form of coordinates of the reference points and/or a gradient and/or an angle of the imaginary straight line relative to the respective coordinate system. If the orientation is determined in the form of an angle, this can also be an angle of rotation, preferably a absolute angle of rotation, which can be changed, in particular, by rotating the suspension element and/or the part attached thereto and, as a result, by rotating the imaginary straight line about an axis of rotation. The angle of rotation can be determined in particular relative to a reference orientation. For example, an alignment parallel to an axis of the coordinate plane and/or the driving plane can be defined as a reference alignment. The sensor system can be designed and set up accordingly in order to determine the alignment including and/or without a corresponding angle of rotation.

Die von der ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängige Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung für den Fahrantrieb erfolgt erfindungsgemäß als vordefinierte Zuordnung eines Richtungsvektors zu der ermittelten Ausrichtung, die beispielsweise von der die Referenzpunkte beinhaltenden gedachten Geraden oder deren Drehwinkel repräsentiert werden kann. In diesem Zusammenhang kann im Sinne einer Koordinatentransformation eine rechnerische Zuordnung der relativ zu der Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik ermittelten Ausrichtung zu der durch die Kranfahrrichtung und der Katzfahrrichtung definierten Koordinaten-Ebene des Fahrantriebs erfolgen. Als Fahrtrichtung kann vor oder nach der Koordinatentransformation der Richtungsvektor beispielsweise mit einem Winkel von Null Grad gegenüber der ermittelten oder der transformierten Ausrichtung vorgegeben werden, der von dem ersten zum zweiten der beiden Referenzpunkte gerichtet ist. Die vorgegebene Fahrtrichtung verläuft dann entlang beziehungsweise parallel zu der die Ausrichtung repräsentierenden gedachten Geraden in der jeweiligen Koordinaten-Ebene. Dadurch bewirkt eine Änderung der Ausrichtung relativ zu der jeweiligen Koordinaten-Ebene eine entsprechend gleichgerichtete Änderung des Richtungsvektors und somit der in Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Ausrichtung vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung. Die Ermittlung der vorzugebenden Koordinaten der Fahrtrichtung für die zugehörigen Antriebe des Fahrantriebs (Kranantrieb und Katzantrieb) kann einschließlich der hierbei erfolgenden Koordinatentransformation und Zuordnung des Richtungsvektors rechnerisch erfolgen und beispielsweise von der oben genannten Auswerteeinheit und insbesondere deren Recheneinheit durchgeführt werden, die insbesondere innerhalb des Gehäuses der Handhabungseinrichtung angeordnet sein kann.The specification of the direction of travel for the travel drive, which depends on the determined orientation, is carried out according to the invention as a predefined assignment of a direction vector to the determined orientation, which can be represented, for example, by the imaginary straight line containing the reference points or its angle of rotation. In this context, in the sense of a coordinate transformation, a mathematical assignment of the orientation determined relative to the coordinate plane of the sensor system to the coordinate plane of the travel drive defined by the crane travel direction and the trolley travel direction can take place. Before or after the coordinate transformation, the direction vector can be specified as the direction of travel, for example at an angle of zero degrees with respect to the determined or transformed alignment, which is directed from the first to the second of the two reference points. The specified direction of travel then runs along or parallel to the imaginary straight line representing the orientation in the respective coordinate plane. As a result, a change in the alignment relative to the respective coordinate plane causes a correspondingly rectified change in the direction vector and thus in the direction of travel specified as a function of the alignment determined. The coordinates of the direction of travel to be specified for the associated drives of the travel drive (crane drive and trolley drive) can be determined by calculation, including the coordinate transformation and assignment of the direction vector that takes place here, and can be carried out, for example, by the above-mentioned evaluation unit and in particular its processing unit, which is located in particular within the housing of the Handling device can be arranged.

Die Sensorik kann zur Ermittlung der Ausrichtung erfindungsgemäß vollständig am Kran und mit diesem beweglich angeordnet werden. Hierbei ist es möglich, dass die Sensorik wie unten näher beschrieben vollständig am Tragmittel aufgehängt wird oder auch zumindest teilweise an der Krankatze oder außerhalb der Krankatze am Kranträger angebracht wird. Die Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik kann also auch bezüglich der Fahrebene beweglich und insbesondere neigbar sein und beispielsweise durch eine Pendelbewegung des Tragmittels in ihrer Lage verändert werden. Auch ist es möglich, dass die Sensorik zumindest teilweise außerhalb des Krans und dort insbesondere ortsfest angeordnet wird. Hierbei kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass sich die Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik parallel zu der vorzugsweise horizontalen Fahrebene erstreckt oder die Fahrebene beinhaltet. Dies ist auch möglich, wenn die Sensorik außerhalb des Tragmittels am Kran angeordnet ist. Je nach Art und Anordnung der Sensorik kann die gedachte Gerade gegenüber der Koordinaten-Ebene geneigt sein, beispielsweise wenn die Handhabungseinrichtung geneigt ist und damit auch die an der Handhabungseinrichtung definierten Referenzpunkte von der Fahrebene beziehungsweise der Koordinaten-Ebene unterschiedlich weit beabstandet sind. Dann kann die von der Sensorik ermittelbare Ausrichtung einer, insbesondere vertikalen, Projektion der Referenzpunkte beziehungsweise der zugehörigen gedachten Geraden auf die Koordinaten-Ebene entsprechen.According to the invention, the sensors can be used completely to determine the orientation Crane and are movably arranged with this. It is possible here for the sensor system, as described in more detail below, to be completely suspended from the support means or also at least partially attached to the crane trolley or outside the crane trolley on the crane girder. The coordinate plane of the sensor system can therefore also be movable and in particular tiltable with respect to the travel plane and its position can be changed, for example, by a pendulum movement of the suspension element. It is also possible for the sensor system to be arranged at least partially outside of the crane and, in particular, to be stationary there. In this case, it can be provided in particular that the coordinate plane of the sensor system extends parallel to the preferably horizontal driving plane or includes the driving plane. This is also possible if the sensor system is arranged on the crane outside of the suspension element. Depending on the type and arrangement of the sensors, the imaginary straight line can be inclined relative to the coordinate plane, for example if the handling device is inclined and the reference points defined on the handling device are also at different distances from the driving plane or the coordinate plane. The orientation that can be determined by the sensor system can then correspond to a, in particular vertical, projection of the reference points or the associated imaginary straight line onto the coordinate plane.

Die Sensorik weist bei allen Anordnungsvarianten einen Sensor im Sinne eines Messmittels beziehungsweise Messaufnehmers auf, um die jeweilige Ausrichtung auf Basis einer entsprechenden Messung zu ermitteln. Die Sensorik ist erfindungsgemäß ausgebildet, um die Ausrichtung auf Basis einer optischen Vermessung der genannten Referenzpunkte zu ermitteln. Hierbei können die Referenzpunkte auch mit einem Sendemittel, beispielsweise in Form von Lichtquellen für jeden Referenzpunkt, versehen sein, das mit einem dann als Empfänger dienenden Sensor der Sensorik, beispielsweise in Form einer Kamera, zusammenwirkt, um die Ausrichtung zu ermitteln, was bei einem Einsatz von Lichtquellen beispielsweise mittels Triangulation oder einer Laufzeitmessung möglich ist. In einer Ausführungsform, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist kann die Sensorik ausgebildet sein, um die Ausrichtung auf Basis einer Ultraschallmessung zu ermitteln. Ebenso denkbar ist eine Sensorik, die die Ausrichtung nach dem Prinzip der Funkortung misst; dieser Ausführungsform ist die nicht Teil der Erfindung. Zur Ermittlung der Ausrichtung in Form eines Drehwinkels kann die dann als Drehwinkelsensorik ausgebildete Sensorik beispielsweise einen Kompass, insbesondere einen elektronischen Kompass, oder einen Sensor in Form eines Hallsensors, insbesondere eines 3D-Hallsensors, und einen Magnetkörper umfassen oder zumindest hiermit zusammenwirken; dieser Ausführungsformen sind nicht Teil der Erfindung. Durch den Kompass beziehungsweise den Hallsensor und Magnetkörper sowie dessen jeweilige Anordnung kann die Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik relativ zu der Drehachse definiert werden. Dies gilt insbesondere wenn die Sensorik vollständig am Tragmittel aufgehängt ist. Einzelheiten hierzu sind unten näher beschrieben.In all arrangement variants, the sensor system has a sensor in the sense of a measuring device or measuring transducer in order to determine the respective alignment on the basis of a corresponding measurement. According to the invention, the sensor system is designed to determine the alignment on the basis of an optical measurement of the reference points mentioned. In this case, the reference points can also be provided with a transmission means, for example in the form of light sources for each reference point, which interacts with a sensor of the sensor system, for example in the form of a camera, which then serves as a receiver, in order to determine the alignment, which is the case during use of light sources is possible, for example, by means of triangulation or a transit time measurement. In one embodiment, which is not part of the invention, the sensor system can be designed to determine the alignment on the basis of an ultrasonic measurement. Also conceivable is a sensor system that measures the alignment according to the principle of radio location; this embodiment is not part of the invention. To determine the orientation in the form of an angle of rotation, the sensor system, which is then designed as an angle of rotation sensor system, can, for example, be a compass, in particular an electronic compass, or a sensor in the form of a Hall sensors, in particular a 3D Hall sensor, and comprise a magnetic body or at least interact with it; these embodiments are not part of the invention. The coordinate plane of the sensor system can be defined relative to the axis of rotation by the compass or the Hall sensor and magnet body and their respective arrangement. This applies in particular when the sensor system is completely suspended from the suspension element. Details of this are described in more detail below.

Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Sensorik ausgebildet ist, um die Ausrichtung kontinuierlich zu ermitteln und derart mit dem zur Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung zu betätigenden Bedienelement zusammen zu wirken, dass die vorgegebene Fahrtrichtung unverändert bleibt oder kontinuierlich verändert wird, wenn das zur Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung zu betätigende Bedienelement anhaltend betätigt wird und sich währenddessen die Ausrichtung ändert.Furthermore, it can be provided that the sensor system is designed to continuously determine the orientation and to interact with the operating element to be actuated to specify the direction of travel in such a way that the specified direction of travel remains unchanged or is continuously changed when the for specifying the direction of travel the control element to be actuated is actuated continuously and the orientation changes during this time.

Wie oben bereits erwähnt, kann die Ausrichtung zur Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung für einen Steuerbefehl für den Fahrantrieb erfindungsgemäß eine Ausrichtung sein, die keine Auslenkung des herabhängenden Tragmittelabschnitts gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung und damit aus seiner pendelfreien Ruhelage erfordert. Zur Vorgabe der gewünschten Fahrtrichtung für einen Steuerbefehl können sowohl der frei hängende Tragmittelabschnitt als auch die daran aufgehängten Teile wie die Handhabungseinrichtung und das Lastaufnahmemittel dementsprechend in der auslenkungsfreien, gravitationskraftbedingten Ruhelage verbleiben und beispielsweise die Ausrichtung der Handhabungseinrichtung relativ zu der Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik ermittelt und für einen Steuerbefehl vorgegeben werden. Eine zur Änderung der vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung erforderliche Änderung der Ausrichtung kann dann beispielsweise durch eine Drehung der Handhabungseinrichtung um die Drehachse erfolgen, wodurch die Position von zumindest einem der beiden Referenzpunkte und damit die Lage der zugehörigen gedachten Geraden geändert wird. Dafür ist die Handhabungseinrichtung oder zumindest ein Abschnitt von deren Gehäuse relativ zu dem Tragmittel drehbar aufgehängt und/oder das Tragmittel um seine Längserstreckung tordierbar. Anstelle der Ausrichtung der Handhabungseinrichtung kann auch die Ausrichtung des Tragmittels oder eines anderen am Tragmittel befestigten Teils, beispielsweise eine Ausrichtung des Lastaufnahmemittels, ermittelt werden, indem dort entsprechende für die Ermittlung der Ausrichtung maßgebliche Referenzpunkte definiert werden. Bei Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems können Lasthandling-Krane daher nun auch für verhältnismäßig größere Lasten mit einem Gewicht von beispielsweise mehr als 50 kg eingesetzt werden, ohne dass hierbei das oben beschriebene Sicherheitsrisiko besteht. Auch bei entsprechend großen Lasten ist ein Bedienen des Lasthandling-Krans zum Verfahren des Hebezeugs mit erheblich geringerem manuellem Kraftaufwand möglich.As already mentioned above, the orientation for specifying the direction of travel for a control command for the traction drive can be an orientation according to the invention that does not require a deflection of the suspended suspension element section with respect to the direction of gravitational force and thus from its swing-free rest position. To specify the desired direction of travel for a control command, both the freely suspended suspension element section and the parts suspended from it, such as the handling device and the load handling device, can accordingly remain in the deflection-free rest position caused by the force of gravity and, for example, the alignment of the handling device relative to the coordinate plane of the sensor system can be determined and be specified for a control command. A change in alignment required to change the specified direction of travel can then be carried out, for example, by rotating the handling device about the axis of rotation, which changes the position of at least one of the two reference points and thus the position of the associated imaginary straight line. For this purpose, the handling device or at least a section of its housing is rotatably suspended relative to the support means and/or the support means can be twisted about its longitudinal extent. Instead of the alignment of the handling device, the alignment of the suspension element or another part attached to the suspension element, for example an alignment of the load handling device, can also be determined by defining corresponding reference points there that are decisive for determining the alignment. At Using the system according to the invention, load-handling cranes can now also be used for relatively larger loads with a weight of, for example, more than 50 kg without the safety risk described above occurring. Even with correspondingly large loads, the load-handling crane can be operated to move the hoist with considerably less manual effort.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Sensorik ausgebildet ist, um auch diejenige Ausrichtung des von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitts des Tragmittels und/oder des daran befestigten Teils zu ermitteln, die durch eine Drehung des Abschnitts beziehungsweise Teils um die sich gegenüber der Fahrebene geneigt erstreckende Drehachse änderbar ist und hierbei unabhängig von einer etwaigen Neigung der Drehachse gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung ist. Hierbei kann es sich auch um die oben genannte Drehachse handeln, nachdem diese beispielsweise durch eine Pendelbewegung des Tragmittels gegenüber der Gravitationsrichtung ausgelenkt wurde. Ein etwaiges Pendeln beziehungsweise Auslenken des Tragmittels gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung ohne dabei erfolgende Drehung um die Drehachse hat dann also keinerlei Einfluss auf die Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung und/oder das Auslösen von Steuerbefehlen. Mit anderen Worten kann von der Sensorik also diejenige Ausrichtung ermittelt werden, die unabhängig davon ist, ob sich der Tragmittelabschnitt und/oder die Handhabungseinrichtung sowie das Lastaufnahmittel in Gravitationsrichtung erstrecken beziehungsweise sich in ihrer Ruhelage befinden oder demgegenüber ausgelenkt sind. Hierbei kann die Drehachse insbesondere den Tragmittelabschnitt schneiden oder mit diesem zusammenfallen und/oder ein an dem Tragmittel befestigtes Teil, insbesondere die Handhabungseinrichtung und/oder das Lastaufnahmemittel, schneiden. Dies kann beispielsweise der Fall sein, wenn eine Längsachse der Handhabungseinrichtung als Drehachse definiert wird und zumindest ein Abschnitt der Handhabungseinrichtung, beispielsweise ein Abschnitt von deren Gehäuse, hierum drehbar ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the sensor system is designed to also determine the alignment of the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane and/or the part attached to it, which is caused by a rotation of the section or part about the opposite to the Driving plane inclined extending axis of rotation is changeable and is independent of any inclination of the axis of rotation relative to the direction of gravitational force. This can also be the axis of rotation mentioned above, after it has been deflected, for example, by a pendulum movement of the suspension element in relation to the direction of gravity. Any oscillation or deflection of the suspension element in relation to the direction of gravitational force without a rotation about the axis of rotation taking place then has no influence whatsoever on the specification of the direction of travel and/or the triggering of control commands. In other words, the sensor system can determine that alignment which is independent of whether the suspension element section and/or the handling device and the load-carrying means extend in the direction of gravity or are in their rest position or are deflected in relation thereto. In this case, the axis of rotation can in particular intersect the suspension element section or coincide with it and/or intersect a part fastened to the suspension element, in particular the handling device and/or the load handling device. This can be the case, for example, if a longitudinal axis of the handling device is defined as the axis of rotation and at least a section of the handling device, for example a section of its housing, can be rotated around this.

In konstruktiv einfacher Weise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Sensorik ausgebildet ist, um zumindest teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, an dem Tragmittel befestigt und aufgehängt zu werden und hierbei insbesondere zwischen dem Tragmittel und dem Lastaufnahmemittel, vorzugsweise zwischen dem Tragmittel und der Handhabungseinrichtung, angeordnet zu werden. Dadurch können die Komponenten der Sensorik insgesamt so am Kran angeordnet werden, dass die Ermittlung der Ausrichtung nicht durch eine zwischen der Sensorik und dem Tragmittel beziehungsweise dem daran befestigten Teil befindliche Bedienperson behindert werden kann.In a structurally simple manner, it can be provided that the sensor system is designed to be attached and suspended at least partially, preferably completely, on the support means and in this case in particular between the support means and the load handling device, preferably between the support means and the Handling device to be arranged. As a result, the components of the sensor system can be arranged overall on the crane in such a way that the determination of the alignment cannot be impeded by an operator located between the sensor system and the support means or the part attached thereto.

Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass das System eine Drehanordnung aufweist, mittels der die Handhabungseinrichtung, insbesondere gemeinsam mit zumindest einem Teil der Sensorik, an dem Tragmittel und relativ zu dem Tragmittel sowie um die Drehachse drehbar befestigbar ist. Hierzu umfasst die Drehanordnung ein mit der Handhabungseinrichtung, insbesondere mit deren Gehäuse, drehfest verbindbares erstes Drehelement und ein mit dem Tragmittel drehfest verbindbares zweites Drehelement. Die beiden Drehelemente können hierbei relativ zueinander, insbesondere um die oben erwähnte Drehachse beziehungsweise diese definierend, drehbar sein und beispielsweise über Rollkörper gegeneinander abgestützt sein, wenn die Drehanordnung ein als Wälzlager ausgebildetes Axiallager aufweist.Furthermore, it can be provided that the system has a rotary arrangement by means of which the handling device, in particular together with at least part of the sensors, can be fastened to the support means and rotatable relative to the support means and around the axis of rotation. For this purpose, the rotating arrangement comprises a first rotating element that can be connected in a torque-proof manner to the handling device, in particular to its housing, and a second rotating element that can be connected in a torque-proof manner to the carrying means. The two rotating elements can be rotated relative to one another, in particular around the above-mentioned axis of rotation or defining it, and supported against one another, for example via rolling bodies, if the rotating arrangement has an axial bearing designed as a roller bearing.

Der gemeinsam mit der Handhabungseinrichtung drehbare Teil der Sensorik ist ebenso wie die Handhabungseinrichtung drehfest mit der Drehanordnung, insbesondere demselben der beiden Drehelemente, verbunden. Hierbei kann es sich wie oben erwähnt beispielsweise um einen Kompass, einen Hallsensor oder einen Magnetkörper handeln. Die Drehanordnung, insbesondere deren Gehäuse, kann außerdem ebenso wie die Handhabungseinrichtung lasttragend und somit als Teil des Laststrangs am Tragmittel befestigt und aufgehängt werden. Durch die Drehanordnung wird dann eine kraftflussmäßige Entkopplung der Handhabungseinrichtung und des Tragmittels derart erreicht, dass ein auf die Handhabungseinrichtung beziehungsweise deren Gehäuse aufgebrachtes Drehmoment nicht auf das Tragmittel übertragen wird. Auf diese Weise können die Handhabungseinrichtung, das daran insbesondere drehfest gegenüber der Handhabungseinrichtung befestigte Lastaufnahmemittel und eine angehängte Last frei rotiert werden, wobei das Tragmittel nicht oder nur in vernachlässigbarem Ausmaß tordiert wird. Aufgrund der Entkopplung durch die zwischen Tragmittel und Gehäuse gelegene Drehanordnung kann das Gehäuse theoretisch endlos relativ zum Tragmittel verdreht werden. Dies ermöglicht eine präzise Ausrichtung der angehängten Last, ohne seitens der Bedienperson durch manuellen Kraftaufwand ein rückdrehendes Drehmoment aufgrund einer Torsion des Tragmittels kompensieren zu müssen. Auch kann sich hierbei der herabhängende Tragmittelabschnitt permanent in Gravitationskraftrichtung erstrecken, wobei dann die Drehachse parallel hierzu verläuft oder mit dieser zusammenfällt. Selbstverständlich kann die Drehanordnung auch eingesetzt werden, wenn die Handhabungseinrichtung in nicht lasttragender Weise und somit kraftflussmäßig parallel zu dem Laststrang an dem Tragmittel aufgehängt wird. Dies gilt für sämtliche der zuvor beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen des Systems.The part of the sensor system that can be rotated together with the handling device is, like the handling device, non-rotatably connected to the rotary arrangement, in particular to the same one of the two rotary elements. As mentioned above, this can be, for example, a compass, a Hall sensor or a magnetic body. The rotary arrangement, in particular its housing, can also, like the handling device, be load-bearing and thus fastened and suspended on the support means as part of the load train. The rotary arrangement then achieves a force flow decoupling of the handling device and the suspension means in such a way that a torque applied to the handling device or its housing is not transmitted to the suspension means. In this way, the handling device, the load-carrying means attached thereto in particular in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the handling device, and a suspended load can be rotated freely, with the support means not being twisted or only twisted to a negligible extent. Due to the decoupling by the rotary arrangement located between the support means and the housing, the housing can theoretically be rotated endlessly relative to the support means. This enables precise alignment of the attached load without manual effort on the part of the operator having to compensate for reverse torque due to torsion of the suspension element. In this case, the suspended suspension element section can also extend permanently in the direction of gravitational force, in which case the axis of rotation then runs parallel thereto or coincides with it. Of course, the rotary arrangement can also be used when the handling device is suspended on the suspension means in a non-load-bearing manner and thus parallel to the load train in terms of the flow of force. This applies to all of the configurations of the system described above.

Um die Minimierung von, insbesondere ungewollten, Torsionen des von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitts des Tragmittels bezüglich dessen Längserstreckung oder sogar eine vollständige Verhinderung von solchen Torsionen des Tragmittels zu erreichen, kann ein Element zur Reduzierung von Torsion des Tragmittels vorgesehen sein, das vorzugsweise torsionssteifer ist als das beispielsweise als Kette ausgebildete Tragmittel selbst. Das Element zur Reduzierung von Torsion des Tragmittels ist drehfest mit dem Tragmittel verbindbar, insbesondere mittelbar über dasjenige Drehelement der Drehanordnung, das seinerseits drehfest mit dem Tragmittel, insbesondere dessen von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitt, verbindbar ist. Mit seinem gegenüberliegenden Ende ist das Element zur Reduzierung von Torsion des Tragmittels im Bereich der Fahrebene mit dem Hebezeug, insbesondere dessen Gehäuse, ebenfalls drehfest verbindbar. Das Element zur Reduzierung von Torsion des Tragmittels ist vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass es seine Länge beim Heben oder Senken und der zugehörigen Bewegung des von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Tragmittelabschnitts entsprechend anpassen kann. Bei dem Element zur Torsionsreduzierung kann es sich insbesondere um einen Schlauch, vorzugsweise um einen Spiralschlauch, handeln. Im Inneren des Schlauchs kann dann das Tragmittel aufgenommen werden und sich insbesondere von der Wandung des Schlauchs beabstandet erstrecken. Im Falle einer kabelgebundenen Signalübertragung kann zusätzlich das hierfür verwendete und auch als Steuerleitung bezeichnete Signalübertragungskabel im Inneren des Schlauchs aufgenommen und insbesondere an dessen Wandung befestigt und/oder in die Wandung integriert sein. Das Signalübertragungskabel kann auch als spiralförmige Wendelleitung ausgebildet sein. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Längenanpassung des Schlauchs beim Heben oder Senken und der entsprechenden Bewegung des Tragmittelabschnitts.In order to minimize, in particular unwanted, torsion of the section of the suspension element hanging down from the driving plane with regard to its longitudinal extension or even to completely prevent such torsion of the suspension element, an element for reducing torsion of the suspension element can be provided, which is preferably more torsion-resistant than the suspension itself, which is designed as a chain, for example. The element for reducing torsion of the suspension can be connected to the suspension in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular indirectly via that rotary element of the rotary arrangement which, in turn, can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the suspension, in particular to its section hanging down from the travel plane. With its opposite end, the element for reducing torsion of the support means in the area of the travel plane can also be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the hoist, in particular to its housing. The element for reducing torsion of the suspension element is preferably designed in such a way that it can adjust its length accordingly when lifting or lowering and the associated movement of the suspension element section hanging down from the travel plane. The element for torsion reduction can in particular be a hose, preferably a spiral hose. The carrying means can then be accommodated in the interior of the tube and in particular can extend at a distance from the wall of the tube. In the case of wired signal transmission, the signal transmission cable used for this purpose and also referred to as a control line can also be accommodated inside the hose and in particular attached to its wall and/or integrated into the wall. The signal transmission cable can also be in the form of a helical coiled line. This enables a simple length adjustment of the hose when lifting or lowering and the corresponding movement of the suspension element section.

In konstruktiv einfacher Weise kann die Drehanordnung ein Gehäuse mit einer Öffnung besitzen, durch die ein mit der Handhabungseinrichtung verbindbarer Verbindungskörper eingreifen und sich mit seinem Kragen innerhalb des Gehäuses an dem Gehäuse abstützen kann. Der Kragen kann sich innerhalb des Gehäuses über eine insbesondere ringförmige Kontaktfläche an der die Öffnung begrenzenden Gehäusewand abstützen. In vergleichbarer Weise kann sich der Verbindungskörper mit einem zweiten Kragen innerhalb des Gehäuses der Handhabungseinrichtung abstützen, das hierfür ebenfalls eine entsprechende Öffnung aufweist, in die der Verbindungskörper eingreifen kann. Mittels des Verbindungskörpers ist dadurch zwischen der Handhabungseinrichtung und der Drehanordnung beziehungsweise deren entsprechendem Drehelement eine drehfeste Verbindung realisierbar, die insbesondere sowohl eine reibkraftschlüssige als auch eine formschlüssige Kraftübertragung in Folge etwaiger Drehmomente sowie der Gewichtskraft einer etwaigen Last ermöglicht. Dadurch kann auch die drehfeste Verbindung zwischen dem gemeinsam mit der Handhabungseinrichtung drehbaren Teil der Sensorik und dem zugeordneten Drehelement der Drehanordnung sichergestellt werden, insbesondere wenn dieser an dem Kragen des Verbindungskörpers angebracht ist. Ein etwaiger weiterer Teil der Sensorik, also beispielsweise der Hallsensor oder der Magnetkörper, und das andere Drehelement können dann jeweils drehfest miteinander sowie mit dem Tragmittel verbunden und ebenfalls in dem Gehäuse der Drehanordnung angeordnet sein, in dem sich die beiden Drehelemente an der Gehäusewand abstützen können.In a structurally simple manner, the rotary arrangement can have a housing with an opening through which a connecting body that can be connected to the handling device can engage and be supported with its collar on the housing inside the housing. The collar can be supported inside the housing via an in particular ring-shaped contact surface on the housing wall delimiting the opening. In a comparable manner, the connecting body can be supported with a second collar within the housing of the handling device, which also has a corresponding opening for this purpose, into which the connecting body can engage. By means of the connecting body, a non-rotatable connection can be realized between the handling device and the rotary arrangement or its corresponding rotary element, which in particular enables both frictional and positive force transmission as a result of any torques and the weight of any load. As a result, the non-rotatable connection between the part of the sensor system that can be rotated together with the handling device and the associated rotating element of the rotating arrangement can also be ensured, in particular if this is attached to the collar of the connecting body. Any further part of the sensor system, for example the Hall sensor or the magnetic body, and the other rotary element can then be connected to one another and to the support means in a torque-proof manner and also be arranged in the housing of the rotary arrangement, in which the two rotary elements can be supported on the housing wall .

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein Lastsensor vorgesehen ist, welcher zur Gewichtserfassung der jeweiligen an dem Tragmittel angreifenden Last ausgebildet ist, wobei Sollwerte für eine Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung und/oder Verzögerung des Fahrantriebs in Abhängigkeit von dem erfassten Gewicht der Last anpassbar sind. Der Lastsensor kann hierzu beispielsweise an dem Tragmittel selbst oder in oder an dem Gehäuse der Handhabungseinrichtung im Laststrang angeordnet sein. Insbesondere wenn mit steigendem Gewicht die Geschwindigkeiten, Beschleunigungen und Verzögerungen verringert werden, lassen sich die resultierenden Pendelbewegungen der hängend bewegten Last und damit der zu deren Dämpfung erforderliche manuelle Kraftaufwand der jeweiligen Bedienperson verringern.In a further embodiment, it can be provided that a load sensor is provided, which is designed to detect the weight of the respective load acting on the suspension element, with target values for a speed and/or acceleration and/or deceleration of the travel drive depending on the detected weight of the load are customizable. For this purpose, the load sensor can be arranged, for example, on the suspension element itself or in or on the housing of the handling device in the load train. In particular, if the speeds, accelerations and decelerations are reduced as the weight increases, the resulting oscillating movements of the suspended load and thus the manual effort required by the respective operator to dampen it can be reduced.

Weiterhin ist die Erfindung auf einen Lasthandling-Kran gerichtet, dessen Hebezeug mittels eines Fahrantriebs des Krans auf einer Fahrebene verfahrbar ist, mit einer Handhabungseinrichtung zum Bedienen des Krans, die an einem von der Fahrebene herabhängenden sowie heb- und senkbaren Abschnitt eines Tragmittels des Hebezeugs befestigt ist. Ein derartiger Kran lässt sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch verbessern, dass er mit einem wie zuvor beschriebenen System zu dessen Bedienung versehen wird. Die sich hieraus ergebenden Vorteile wurden bereits zuvor im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System näher ausgeführt, worauf an dieser Stelle verwiesen wird.The invention is also directed to a load-handling crane, the hoist of which can be moved on a travel plane by means of a travel drive of the crane, with a handling device for operating the crane, which is attached to a section of a support means of the hoist that hangs down from the travel plane and can be raised and lowered is. According to the invention, such a crane can be improved in that it is provided with a system for its operation as described above. The resulting advantages have already been explained in more detail above in connection with the system according to the invention, to which reference is made at this point.

Die Erfindung beinhaltet ferner ein Verfahren zum Bedienen eines Lasthandling-Krans, dessen Hebezeug mittels eines Fahrantriebs des Krans auf einer Fahrebene verfahrbar ist. In besonders bevorzugter Weise kann es sich bei dem Kran um den zuvor erwähnten erfindungsgemäßen Kran handeln, der eine Handhabungseinrichtung zum Bedienen des Krans aufweist, die an einem von der Fahrebene herabhängenden sowie heb- und senkbaren Abschnitt eines Tragmittels des Hebezeugs befestigt ist. Hierbei wird mittels einer Sensorik eine Ausrichtung des Tragmittels und/oder eines an dem Tragmittel befestigten Teils, insbesondere der Handhabungseinrichtung und/oder eines Lastaufnahmemittels, ermittelt. Die jeweilige Bedienperson ergreift zum Bedienen des Krans stets den Laststrang des Krans, insbesondere über die am oder im Laststrang angeordnete Handhabungseinrichtung, um durch eine Veränderung der Ausrichtung des Tragmittels und/oder des daran befestigten Teils die jeweilige Fahrtrichtung des Hebezeugs auf der Fahrebene vorzugeben und/oder zu verändern. Außerdem ist bei einem derartigen Verfahren vorgesehen, dass erst durch eine Betätigung eines mit der Sensorik zusammenwirkenden Bedienelements ein Steuerbefehl zum Ansteuern des Fahrantriebs ausgelöst wird, durch den das Hebezeug mittels des Fahrantriebs in einer Fahrtrichtung auf der Fahrebene verfahrbar ist und die Fahrtrichtung von einer mittels der Sensorik ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängig ist. Das Bedienelement weist zwei Bedienteile auf, deren Betätigung jeweils Steuerbefehle für entgegengesetzte Fahrtrichtungen im Sinne einer Vorwärtsfahrt und einer Rückwärtsfahrt auslösen, wozu die zwei Bedienteile in Form einer ersten Taste für die Vorwärtsfahrt und einer zweiten Taste für die Rückwärtsfahrt ausgebildet sind, vorzugsweise jeweils als mechanisch zu betätigender Taster mit jeweils zumindest einer Betätigungsstufe. Ein derartiges Verfahren wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch verbessert, dass die Sensorik ausgebildet ist, um diejenige Ausrichtung eines von der Fahrebene herabhängenden und sich hierbei in Gravitationskraftrichtung erstreckenden Abschnitts des Tragmittels und/oder des daran befestigten Teils zu ermitteln, die durch eine Drehung des Abschnitts beziehungsweise Teils um eine sich in Gravitationskraftrichtung erstreckende Drehachse änderbar ist, wobei die von der ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängige Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung für den Fahrantrieb als vordefinierte Zuordnung eines Richtungsvektors zu der ermittelten Ausrichtung derart erfolgt, dass die vorgegebene Fahrtrichtung entlang beziehungsweise parallel zu einer die Ausrichtung repräsentierenden gedachten Geraden verläuft, wobei die gedachte Gerade zwei Referenzpunkte beinhaltet, die am von der Fahrebene herabhängenden Abschnitt des Tragmittels beziehungsweise dem jeweiligen daran befestigten und zur Ermittlung der Ausrichtung dienenden Teil in voneinander unterscheidbarer Weise definiert werden, wobei eine Änderung der Ausrichtung relativ zu einer Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik beziehungsweise des Fahrantriebs eine entsprechend gleichgerichtete Änderung des Richtungsvektors und somit der in Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Ausrichtung vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung bewirkt, und wobei die Sensorik ausgebildet ist, um die Ausrichtung auf Basis einer optischen Vermessung der Referenzpunkte zu ermitteln.The invention also includes a method for operating a load-handling crane, the hoist of which can be moved on a travel plane by means of a travel drive of the crane. In a particularly preferred manner, the crane can be the above-mentioned crane according to the invention, which has a handling device for operating the crane, which is attached to a section of a carrying means of the hoist that hangs down from the travel plane and can be raised and lowered. In this case, an alignment of the suspension element and/or of a part fastened to the suspension element, in particular of the handling device and/or a load handling device, is determined by means of a sensor system. To operate the crane, the respective operator always grasps the load line of the crane, in particular via the handling device arranged on or in the load line, in order to specify the respective direction of travel of the hoist on the travel level by changing the alignment of the support means and/or the part attached to it and/or or to change. In addition, such a method provides that a control command for activating the travel drive is only triggered when an operating element that interacts with the sensors is actuated, by means of which the hoist can be moved in one direction of travel on the travel plane by means of the travel drive and the direction of travel can be changed from one by means of the Orientation determined by sensors is dependent. The operating element has two operating parts, the actuation of which triggers control commands for opposite directions of travel in the sense of forward travel and reverse travel, for which purpose the two operating parts are designed in the form of a first button for forward travel and a second button for reverse travel, preferably each as a mechanical one actuating button each with at least one actuation stage. A Such a method is improved according to the invention in that the sensor system is designed to determine the orientation of a section of the suspension element and/or the part attached to it that hangs from the driving plane and extends in the direction of gravitational force, which is caused by a rotation of the section or part by one axis of rotation extending in the direction of gravitational force can be changed, with the specification of the direction of travel for the traction drive, which depends on the determined alignment, being carried out as a predefined assignment of a direction vector to the determined alignment in such a way that the specified direction of travel runs along or parallel to an imaginary straight line representing the alignment, wherein the imaginary straight line contains two reference points, which are defined in a manner that can be distinguished from one another on the section of the suspension element hanging down from the travel plane or on the respective part attached to it and used to determine the alignment, with a change in the alignment relative to a coordinate plane of the sensor system or the Traction drive causes a correspondingly rectified change in the directional vector and thus the direction of travel specified as a function of the determined orientation, and the sensor system is designed to determine the orientation on the basis of an optical measurement of the reference points.

Bei dem Verfahren zum Bedienen eines Lasthandling-Krans kann insbesondere das vorliegend beschriebene erfindungsgemäße System eingesetzt werden, wofür dann dessen Vorteile entsprechend gelten. Insbesondere kann daher das Bedienelement an der Handhabungseinrichtung angeordnet und die Handhabungseinrichtung somit als Steuerschalter ausgebildet sein.In the method for operating a load-handling crane, the system according to the invention described here can be used in particular, for which its advantages then apply correspondingly. In particular, the operating element can therefore be arranged on the handling device and the handling device can thus be designed as a control switch.

Nach einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann außerdem vorgesehen sein, dass die Fahrtrichtung für den Steuerbefehl in Abhängigkeit von der ermittelten Ausrichtung durch eine Betätigung des Bedienelements oder eines weiteren Bedienelements, insbesondere des obigen Systems, vorgegeben wird.According to a preferred development of the method according to the invention, it can also be provided that the direction of travel for the control command is specified as a function of the orientation determined by actuating the operating element or another operating element, in particular the above system.

Auch kann insbesondere durch entsprechende Einrichtung des oben beschriebenen Systems erreicht werden, dass die vorgegebene Fahrtrichtung wahlweise unverändert bleibt oder kontinuierlich verändert wird, wenn das zur Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung zu betätigende Bedienelement anhaltend betätigt wird und sich währenddessen die von der Bedienperson eingestellte und dementsprechend von der Sensorik ermittelte Ausrichtung des Tragmittelabschnitts und/oder des daran befestigten Teils ändert. Dementsprechend kann mittels der Sensorik auch eine kontinuierliche Ermittlung der Ausrichtung erfolgen, so dass bei anhaltend betätigtem Bedienelement auch die Vorgabe der Fahrtrichtung kontinuierlich der sich gegebenenfalls, beispielsweise durch entsprechende Manipulation der Handhabungseinrichtung, ändernden Ausrichtung folgend angepasst und in entsprechende Fahrmanöver mit sich ändernder Fahrtrichtung umgesetzt werden kann. Alternativ ist auch denkbar, dass eine Änderung der Ausrichtung bei anhaltend betätigtem Bedienelement ignoriert und ein Fahrmanöver mit der bisherigen vorgegebenen Fahrtrichtung fortgesetzt wird. Hier kann dann vorgesehen sein, dass der Fahrantrieb beispielsweise durch Beenden der Betätigung des Bedienelements zunächst gestoppt werden muss, so dass erst durch erneutes Betätigen des Bedienelements die geänderte Ausrichtung die Vorgabe einer entsprechend geänderten Fahrtrichtung im Sinne eines geänderten Richtungs-Sollwerts für einen neuen Steuerbefehl bewirkt, der dann in ein Fahrmanöver mit entsprechend geänderter Fahrtrichtung umgesetzt werden kann.It can also be achieved, in particular by appropriate setup of the system described above, that the specified direction of travel optionally remains unchanged or is continuously changed if the setting for specifying the direction of travel is too actuating control element is continuously actuated and during this time the orientation of the suspension element section and/or the part attached thereto, which is set by the operator and accordingly determined by the sensor system, changes. Accordingly, the sensor system can also be used to continuously determine the orientation, so that if the operating element is actuated continuously, the specification of the direction of travel can also be continuously adapted to the changing orientation, for example by appropriate manipulation of the handling device, and converted into corresponding driving maneuvers with a changing direction of travel can. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that a change in orientation is ignored when the operating element is actuated and a driving maneuver is continued with the previously specified direction of travel. Provision can then be made here for the travel drive to first have to be stopped, for example by ending the actuation of the control element, so that only when the control element is actuated again does the changed orientation cause the specification of a correspondingly changed travel direction in the sense of a changed direction setpoint for a new control command , which can then be converted into a driving maneuver with a correspondingly changed direction of travel.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Lasthandling-Krans in einer schematischen Darstellung,
  • Figur 2 eine Ansicht einer Handhabungseinrichtung sowie Drehanordnung des Krans aus Figur 1 und
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch die Drehanordnung und einen Teil der Handhabungseinrichtung aus Figur 2.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following description. Show it:
  • figure 1 a perspective view of a load handling crane in a schematic representation,
  • figure 2 a view of a handling device and rotary arrangement of the crane figure 1 and
  • figure 3 shows a section through the rotary assembly and part of the handling device figure 2 .

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Lasthandling-Kran 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht. Der Kran 1 ist beispielhaft als Ein-Träger-Brückenkran mit einem als Fachwerkträger ausgebildeten Kranträger 2 dargestellt. Der Kran 1 ist insgesamt mittels Kranfahrwerken 5, 6, die an gegenüberliegenden Enden 3, 4 des eine Kranbrücke ausbildenden Kranträgers 2 befestigt sind, auf nicht dargestellten Schienen in einer Kranfahrrichtung x verfahrbar. Die Schienen sind üblicherweise gegenüber einem Boden hochliegend angeordnet und können hierfür beispielsweise über eine geeignete Tragkonstruktion aufgeständert oder an sich gegenüberliegenden Gebäudewänden und/oder an einer Gebäudedecke befestigt sein, die dann als Tragkonstruktion dienen.The figure 1 shows a load handling crane 1 in a perspective view. The crane 1 is shown as an example as a single-girder bridge crane with a crane girder 2 designed as a lattice girder. The crane 1 can be moved overall by means of crane carriages 5, 6, which are fastened to opposite ends 3, 4 of the crane girder 2 forming a crane bridge, on rails (not shown) in a crane travel direction x. The rails are usually arranged high relative to a floor and for this purpose can, for example, be elevated via a suitable support structure or on opposite sides Building walls and / or be attached to a building ceiling, which then serve as a supporting structure.

Selbstverständlich sind auch alternative und hier nicht näher gezeigte Ausgestaltungsformen für den Kran 1, insbesondere den Kranträger 2 und die Schienen denkbar. So kann der Kran 1 beispielsweise als Hängekran ausgebildet sein. Im Falle eines Hängekrans können sowohl die Schienen als auch der Kranträger 2 von Schienenprofilen gebildet sein, die in der Regel einen c-förmigen und in ihrer Einbauposition nach unten offenen Querschnitt aufweisen. In der Einbauposition ist die von dem Kranträger 2 gebildete Kranbrücke dann über die Kranfahrwerke 5, 6 an den beispielsweise an einer als Tragkonstruktion dienenden Gebäudedecke aufgehängten Schienen aufgehängt, wobei die Kranfahrwerke 5, 6 von unten in die Schienenprofile eingeführt sind und innerhalb der Schienenprofile auf dort ausgebildeten Kranbahnen verfahren können. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen zu dem vorliegenden Kran 1 gelten für einen als Hängekran ausgebildeten Lasthandling-Kran entsprechend.Of course, alternative configurations, not shown here in detail, are also conceivable for the crane 1, in particular the crane girder 2 and the rails. For example, the crane 1 can be designed as a suspension crane. In the case of an overhead crane, both the rails and the crane girder 2 can be formed by rail profiles, which generally have a c-shaped cross section that is open at the bottom in their installed position. In the installation position, the crane bridge formed by the crane girder 2 is then suspended via the crane carriages 5, 6 on the rails suspended, for example, on a building ceiling serving as a supporting structure, with the crane carriages 5, 6 being inserted into the rail profiles from below and inside the rail profiles on there trained crane runways. The following statements on the present crane 1 apply accordingly to a load-handling crane designed as a suspension crane.

Der Kranträger 2 erstreckt sich mit seiner Längserstreckung LE horizontal und quer, insbesondere rechtwinklig, zu der Kranfahrrichtung x. Über die von einem motorisierten Kranantrieb angetriebenen Kranfahrwerke 5, 6 ist der Kran 1 beziehungsweise dessen Kranträger 2 in der Kranfahrrichtung x verfahrbar. Der Krantrieb umfasst vorzugsweise für beide Kranfahrwerke 5, 6 jeweils einen Elektromotor 5a beziehungsweise 6a. An dem Kranträger 2 ist eine Krankatze 7 mit einem Hebezeug 8 angeordnet, die mittels ihres über einen motorisierten Katzantrieb angetriebenen Katzfahrwerks 7a gemeinsam mit dem Hebezeug 8 an dem Kranträger 2 entlang dessen Längserstreckung LE und somit quer, insbesondere rechtwinklig, zur Kranfahrrichtung x in einer Katzfahrrichtung y verfahrbar ist. Der Katzantrieb umfasst vorzugsweise ebenfalls einen Elektromotor. Im Falle eines Hängekrans ist die Krankatze 7 mit ihrem Katzfahrwerk 7a in gleicher Weise innerhalb der Kranschiene 2 auf einer dortigen Katzbahn verfahrbar wie die Kranfahrwerke 5, 6 innerhalb der jeweiligen Schiene auf der Kranbahn.The crane girder 2 extends with its longitudinal extent LE horizontally and transversely, in particular at right angles, to the crane travel direction x. The crane 1 or its crane girder 2 can be moved in the crane travel direction x via the crane carriages 5, 6 driven by a motorized crane drive. The crane drive preferably comprises an electric motor 5a or 6a for each of the two crane carriages 5, 6. A crane trolley 7 with a hoist 8 is arranged on the crane girder 2, which, by means of its trolley 7a driven by a motorized trolley drive, together with the hoist 8 on the crane girder 2 along its longitudinal extent LE and thus transversely, in particular at right angles, to the crane travel direction x in a trolley travel direction y can be moved. The trolley drive preferably also includes an electric motor. In the case of an overhead crane, the crane trolley 7 with its trolley 7a can be moved within the crane rail 2 on a local trolley track in the same way as the crane trolleys 5, 6 within the respective rail on the crane track.

Die Fahrwerke 5, 6 und 7a und deren motorisierte Antriebe bilden einen Fahrantrieb des Krans 1. Durch eine gezielte Ansteuerung des Kranantriebs und/oder des Katzantriebs kann die Krankatze 7 und damit das Hebezeug 8 in einer Fahrtrichtung auf und parallel zu einer vorzugsweise horizontalen Fahrebene E motorisiert verfahren werden. Die Fahrtrichtung entspricht also der Kranfahrrichtung x oder der Katzfahrrichtung y oder deren Überlagerung.The chassis 5, 6 and 7a and their motorized drives form a travel drive of the crane 1. By selectively controlling the crane drive and/or the trolley drive, the crane trolley 7 and thus the hoist 8 can move in one direction be moved motorized on and parallel to a preferably horizontal driving plane E. The travel direction corresponds to the crane travel direction x or the trolley travel direction y or their superimposition.

Über einen insbesondere mittels eines Elektromotors motorisierten Hubantrieb des Hebezeugs 8 kann ein biegeschlaffes und strangförmiges Tragmittel 9 des Hebezeugs 8 beziehungsweise dessen von der Fahrebene E herabhängender Abschnitt sowie ein daran befestigtes und somit aufgehängtes Lastaufnahmemittel 9a mit gegebenenfalls an dem Lastaufnahmemittel 9a angeschlagener Last L gehoben beziehungsweise gesenkt werden. Das Tragmittel 9 kann neben der vorliegend beispielhaften Ausbildung als Seil auch als Kette ausgebildet sein, so dass das Hebezeug 8 dann nicht als Seilzug, sondern als Kettenzug ausgebildet ist. Das Lastaufnahmemittel 9a umfasst beispielhaft einen Lasthaken und ist an dem Tragmittel 9 und somit am Laststrang, insbesondere über eine lasttragend an dem Tragmittel 9 befestigte Handhabungseinrichtung 10 im Laststrang, befestigt und aufgehängt. Dadurch ist der Kran 1 im eingangs definierten Sinne als Lasthandling-Kran 1 ausgebildet. Die lasttragende Verbindung zwischen dem Lastaufnahmemittel 9a und der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 zur Befestigung des Lastaufnahmemittels 9a am Tragmittel ist vorzugsweise eine drehfeste Verbindung, um eine Last L besonders präzise durch entsprechende Manipulation der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 bewegen und somit handhaben zu können. Hierfür ist an einem Gehäuse 12 der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 ein Griff 15 angeordnet, der von der jeweiligen Bedienperson 13 mit einer Hand 13a ergriffen werden kann, um durch eine entsprechende manuelle Kraft das Tragmittel 9 und somit den Laststrang einschließlich der etwaigen Last L führen und ausrichten sowie etwaige Pendelbewegungen hiervon dämpfen zu können. Die andere Hand 13b der Bedienperson 13 kann dabei in einem direkten Kontakt mit der Last L stehen und das Führen und Ausrichten beziehungsweise Dämpfen unterstützen, so dass hierfür insgesamt beide Hände 13a, 13b zur Verfügung stehen, wie es für Lasthandling-Krane typisch ist. Außerdem ist die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 zum Bedienen des Krans 1 mit einem Bedienelement 16 (siehe Figur 2) versehen und somit als Steuerschalter ausgebildet.Using a lifting drive of the hoist 8, which is motorized in particular by means of an electric motor, a limp and cord-like support element 9 of the hoist 8 or its section hanging down from the travel plane E and a load lifting device 9a attached to it and thus suspended with a load L possibly attached to the load lifting device 9a can be lifted or lowered become. The support means 9 can be designed not only as a cable but also as a chain, so that the hoist 8 is then designed not as a cable but as a chain hoist. The load-carrying means 9a comprises a load hook, for example, and is attached and suspended on the support means 9 and thus on the load line, in particular via a handling device 10 in the load line, which is attached to the support means 9 in a load-bearing manner. As a result, the crane 1 is designed as a load-handling crane 1 in the sense defined above. The load-bearing connection between the load-carrying means 9a and the handling device 10 for fastening the load-carrying means 9a to the suspension means is preferably a non-rotatable connection in order to be able to move a load L particularly precisely by appropriate manipulation of the handling device 10 and thus be able to handle it. For this purpose, a handle 15 is arranged on a housing 12 of the handling device 10, which the respective operator 13 can grip with one hand 13a in order to guide and align the suspension element 9 and thus the load strand, including any load L, by means of a corresponding manual force to be able to dampen any pendulum movements thereof. The other hand 13b of the operator 13 can be in direct contact with the load L and support guiding and aligning or damping, so that both hands 13a, 13b are available for this, as is typical for load-handling cranes. In addition, the handling device 10 for operating the crane 1 is equipped with an operating element 16 (see figure 2 ) provided and thus designed as a control switch.

Auch umfasst der Kran 1 eine Steuerungseinheit 11, die steuerungstechnisch und insbesondere signalübertragend sowohl mit der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 beziehungsweise deren Bedienelement 16 als auch mit dem Fahrantrieb sowie dem Hubantrieb des Krans 1 verbunden ist. Indem eine Bedienperson 13 insbesondere mit der den Griff 15 ergreifenden Hand 13a zugleich das Bedienelement 16 betätigt, werden von der Steuerungseinheit 11 entsprechende Steuerbefehle zum insbesondere voneinander unabhängigen Ansteuern der Antriebe beziehungsweise deren Elektromotoren ausgelöst, so dass hierüber der Kran 1 bedient und die zugehörigen Kranbewegungen, insbesondere Fahrmanöver auf der Fahrebene E und Hub- und Senkbewegungen des Tragmittels 9 senkrecht hierzu, bewirkt werden können. Das in Figur 2 erkennbare Bedienelement 16 umfasst hierfür zwei Bedienteile in Form einer Taste "Vorwärtsfahrt" 16a und einer Taste "Rückwärtsfahrt" 16b zum Auslösen von Steuerbefehlen mit entgegengesetzten Fahrtrichtungen (Richtungs-Sollwerten) für den Fahrantrieb. Außerdem umfasst das Bedienelement 16 zwei weitere Bedienteile in Form einer Taste "Heben" 16c und einer Taste "Senken" 16d zum Ansteuern des Hubantriebs des Hebezeugs 8 und somit zum Auslösen entsprechender Sollwerte und/oder Steuerbefehle.The crane 1 also includes a control unit 11 which, in terms of control technology and in particular in terms of signal transmission, is connected to both the handling device 10 or whose operating element 16 is connected as well as to the travel drive and the hoist drive of the crane 1 . When an operator 13 actuates the operating element 16 at the same time, in particular with the hand 13a gripping the handle 15, the control unit 11 triggers corresponding control commands for, in particular, independently activating the drives or their electric motors, so that the crane 1 and the associated crane movements can be operated in this way. in particular, driving maneuvers on the driving plane E and lifting and lowering movements of the support means 9 perpendicular thereto can be effected. This in figure 2 For this purpose, the recognizable control element 16 comprises two control parts in the form of a "forward travel" button 16a and a "reverse travel" button 16b for triggering control commands with opposite travel directions (direction setpoint values) for the traction drive. In addition, the operating element 16 includes two further operating parts in the form of a “lift” button 16c and a “lower” button 16d for controlling the lifting drive of the hoist 8 and thus for triggering corresponding setpoint values and/or control commands.

Die Steuerungseinheit 11 kann geteilt sein, so dass ein der Ansteuerung des Katzantriebs und insbesondere auch des Hubantriebs dienender Teil 11a der Steuerungseinheit 11 als Katzsteuerung an der Krankatze 7 und ein der Ansteuerung des Kranantriebs dienender Teil 11b der Steuerungseinheit 11 als Kransteuerung außerhalb der Krankatze 7 an dem Kranträger 2 oder zumindest einem der Fahrwerke 3, 4 angeordnet ist. Alternativ kann die Steuerungseinheit 11 auch zumindest mit beiden Teilen 11a und 11b in der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 beziehungsweise deren Gehäuse 12 untergebracht sein und von dort sowohl den Hubantrieb als auch den Fahrantrieb (Kranantrieb und Katzantrieb ) ansteuern (nicht dargestellt).The control unit 11 can be divided, so that a part 11a of the control unit 11 serving to control the trolley drive and in particular also the hoist drive as a trolley control on the crane trolley 7 and a part 11b of the control unit 11 serving to control the crane drive as a crane control outside of the crane trolley 7 the crane girder 2 or at least one of the chassis 3, 4 is arranged. Alternatively, the control unit 11 can also be accommodated with at least both parts 11a and 11b in the handling device 10 or its housing 12 and from there control both the lifting drive and the travel drive (crane drive and trolley drive) (not shown).

Um das Hebezeug 8 des Krans 1 mittels des Fahrantriebs intuitiv, sicher und effizient in einer gewünschten Fahrtrichtung auf der Fahrebene E verfahren zu können, ist der Kran 1 mit einem erfindungsgemäßen System zum entsprechenden Bedienen des Krans 1 versehen. Wesentliche Bestandteile des Systems sind die Handhabungseinrichtung 10, das Bedienelement 16 und eine Sensorik 20 (siehe Figur 3) zur, insbesondere kontinuierlichen, Ermittlung einer Ausrichtung des Tragmittels 9 und/oder eines an dem Tragmittel 9 befestigten Teils, insbesondere der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 und/oder des Lastaufnahmemittels 9a. Hierbei wirkt das Bedienelement 16 mit der Sensorik 20 über eine nicht dargestellte signalübertragende Verbindung derart zusammen, dass durch eine Betätigung des Bedienelements 16, das heißt dessen Taste "Vorwärtsfahrt" 16a oder Taste "Rückwärtsfahrt" 16b, ein Steuerbefehl zum Ansteuern des Fahrantriebs mit einem Richtungs-Sollwert auslösbar ist. Durch den Steuerbefehl kann das Hebezeug 8 dann mittels des Fahrantriebs in einer dem Richtungs-Sollwert entsprechenden Fahrtrichtung auf der Fahrebene E verfahren werden, wobei der Richtungs-Sollwert beziehungsweise die Fahrtrichtung von einer mittels der Sensorik 20 ermittelten Ausrichtung abhängig ist. Die gewünschte Fahrtrichtung für den Steuerbefehl wird hierbei in Abhängigkeit von der entsprechenden Ausrichtung durch die Betätigung des Bedienelements 16 vorgegeben und kann durch entsprechende Einstellung der jeweiligen Ausrichtung geändert werden. Der Richtungs-Sollwert kann von einer mit der Sensorik 20 signalübertragend verbundenen Auswerteeinheit vorgegeben und über eine signalübertragende Verbindung an die Steuerungseinheit 11 übertragen werden, in der dann der Steuerbefehl erzeugt wird. Die Auswerteeinheit kann ebenso wie die Steuerungseinheit 11 an beziehungsweise in der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 untergebracht sein.In order to be able to move the hoist 8 of the crane 1 intuitively, safely and efficiently in a desired direction of travel on the travel plane E by means of the travel drive, the crane 1 is provided with a system according to the invention for operating the crane 1 accordingly. The main components of the system are the handling device 10, the operating element 16 and a sensor system 20 (see figure 3 ) for, in particular continuous, determination of an alignment of the support means 9 and/or a part fastened to the support means 9, in particular the handling device 10 and/or the load handling device 9a. Here, the control element 16 acts with the sensor 20 via a signal-transmitting, not shown Connection together in such a way that by actuating the operating element 16, that is to say its "forward travel" button 16a or "reverse travel" button 16b, a control command for controlling the travel drive with a direction setpoint can be triggered. The control command can then be used to move the hoist 8 by means of the travel drive in a travel direction on the travel plane E that corresponds to the desired direction value, with the desired direction value or the direction of travel being dependent on an orientation determined by the sensor system 20 . The desired direction of travel for the control command is specified here as a function of the corresponding orientation by actuating the operating element 16 and can be changed by appropriately setting the respective orientation. The desired direction value can be specified by an evaluation unit connected to the sensor system 20 in a signal-transmitting manner and can be transmitted via a signal-transmitting connection to the control unit 11 in which the control command is then generated. Like the control unit 11 , the evaluation unit can be accommodated on or in the handling device 10 .

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist das System beziehungsweise dessen Sensorik 20 ausgebildet, um eine Ausrichtung der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 als an dem Tragmittel 9 befestigtes Teil zu ermitteln. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Ausrichtung, die durch eine Drehung R der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 um eine Drehachse z1 herum änderbar und somit einstellbar ist. Zu diesem Zweck kann die jeweilige Bedienperson 13 die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 beispielsweise am Griff 15 mit einer Hand 13a ergreifen und durch eine entsprechende manuelle Kraft die gewünschte Drehung R bewirken. Die Drehachse z1 kann sich in Gravitationskraftrichtung und somit gegenüber der Fahrebene E geneigt erstrecken. Dabei kann sich auch der von der Fahrebene E herabhängende Abschnitt des Tragmittels 9, an dem die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 und insbesondere über die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 auch das Lastaufnahmemittel 9a befestigt ist, in seiner Ruhelage befinden und hierbei ebenfalls in Gravitationskraftrichtung erstrecken. In diesem Zusammenhang kann auch das Tragmittel 9 selbst entsprechend der Drehung R ausgerichtet und hierfür um die Drehachse z1 tordiert werden. Da dies jedoch für die Bedienperson 13 mit einem erhöhten manuellen Kraftaufwand einhergeht, um ein aufgrund der Tragmitteltorsion entstehendes rückdrehendes Drehmoment zu kompensieren, erfolgt die Drehung der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 vorzugsweise relativ zu dem Tragmittel 9. Hierfür ist die Handhabungsrichtung 10, insbesondere gemeinsam und gleichförmig mit dem Lastaufnahmemittel 9a und einer etwaigen daran befestigten Last L, mittels einer Drehanordnung 17 an dem Tragmittel 9 und relativ zu diesem um die Drehachse z1 drehbar befestigt. Das Tragmittel 9 selbst wird dabei nicht oder höchstens zu einem vernachlässigbaren Maß um die Drehachse z1 herum tordiert. Um die Torsion des Tragmittels 9 zu minimieren oder zu verhindern, ist ein als Spiralschlauch ausgebildeter Schlauch 22 vorgesehen (siehe Figur 2), der als Element zur Reduzierung von Torsion des Tragmittels 9 dient. Der Schlauch 22 ist mit seinem unteren Ende über die Drehanordnung 17 drehfest mit dem von der Fahrebene E herabhängenden Abschnitt des Tragmittels 9 verbunden, insbesondere mittelbar über ein Drehelement der Drehanordnung 17, das seinerseits drehfest mit dem herabhängenden Abschnitt des Tragmittels 9 drehfest verbunden ist. Mit seinem gegenüberliegenden oberen Ende (nicht dargestellt) ist der Schlauch 22 im Bereich der Fahrebene E mit dem Hebezeug 8, insbesondere dessen Gehäuse, ebenfalls drehfest verbunden. Der Schlauch 22 ist so ausgebildet, dass sich seine Länge beim Heben oder Senken und der zugehörigen Bewegung des Tragmittels 9 entsprechend anpasst. Im Inneren des Schlauchs 22 ist das Tragmittel 9 aufgenommen.In the present exemplary embodiment, the system or its sensor system 20 is designed to determine an alignment of the handling device 10 as a part fastened to the carrying means 9 . This is an alignment that can be changed and thus adjusted by rotating R of the handling device 10 about an axis of rotation z1. For this purpose, the respective operator 13 can grasp the handling device 10, for example by the handle 15, with one hand 13a and bring about the desired rotation R by means of a corresponding manual force. The axis of rotation z1 can extend in the direction of gravitational force and thus inclined relative to the driving plane E. The section of the support means 9 hanging down from the travel plane E, to which the handling device 10 and in particular the load handling device 9a is attached, can also be in its rest position and also extend in the direction of gravitational force. In this context, the suspension element 9 itself can also be aligned according to the rotation R and twisted around the axis of rotation z1 for this purpose. However, since this entails an increased manual effort for the operator 13 in order to compensate for a reverse turning torque arising due to the torsion of the suspension element, the handling device 10 is preferably rotated relative to the support means 9. For this purpose, the handling device 10 is attached, in particular jointly and uniformly with the load-carrying means 9a and any load L attached thereto, by means of a rotary arrangement 17 to the support means 9 and is rotatable relative thereto about the axis of rotation z1. The suspension element 9 itself is not twisted about the axis of rotation z1, or at most to a negligible extent. In order to minimize or prevent the torsion of the suspension element 9, a hose 22 designed as a spiral hose is provided (see Fig figure 2 ), which serves as an element for reducing torsion of the suspension element 9. The lower end of the hose 22 is non-rotatably connected via the rotary arrangement 17 to the section of the suspension element 9 hanging down from the driving plane E, in particular indirectly via a rotary element of the rotary arrangement 17, which in turn is non-rotatably connected to the suspended section of the suspension element 9. With its opposite upper end (not shown), the hose 22 is also non-rotatably connected in the area of the travel plane E to the hoist 8, in particular its housing. The hose 22 is designed in such a way that its length adjusts accordingly when it is raised or lowered and the associated movement of the suspension element 9 . The carrying means 9 is accommodated inside the hose 22 .

Die mittels der Sensorik 20 ermittelbare Ausrichtung wird im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel in Form eines Drehwinkels W erfasst, der durch die Drehung R der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 um die Drehachse z1 und relativ zu dem Tragmittel 9 einstellbar ist. Eine mögliche Ausgestaltung der Sensorik 20 wird unten anhand der Figur 3 erläutert.In the present exemplary embodiment, the alignment that can be determined by means of the sensor system 20 is recorded in the form of a rotation angle W, which can be set by rotating R of the handling device 10 about the rotation axis z1 and relative to the support means 9 . A possible embodiment of the sensor 20 is below based on the figure 3 explained.

Figur 2 zeigt die am Tragmittel 9 aufgehängte Handhabungseinrichtung 10 aus Figur 1 in einer Seitenansicht näher im Detail. In dieser vergrößerten Darstellung ist erkennbar, dass die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 über einen Verbindungskörper 14 und die Drehanordnung 17 mit dem Tragmittel 9 gekoppelt ist. Der Drehanordnung 17 gegenüberliegend weist die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 beziehungsweise deren Gehäuse 12 eine Aufnahme 10a zur insbesondere drehfesten Befestigung des Lastaufnahmemittels 9a auf. Die Drehanordnung 17, insbesondere deren Gehäuse 17c, und die Handhabungseinrichtung 10, insbesondere Gehäuse 12, sind mittels des Verbindungskörpers 14 lasttragend miteinander sowie mit dem Tragmittel 9 verbunden. Hierdurch ist es möglich, insbesondere das Gewicht der Last L über die Handhabungseinrichtung 10, den Verbindungskörper 14 sowie die Drehanordnung 17 weiterzuleiten und von der Drehanordnung 17 in das Tragmittel 9 einzuleiten. An dem Gehäuse 12, insbesondere an dem dortigen Griff 15, ist das Bedienelement 16 angeordnet. Erkennbar sind auch die von den Tasten 16a bis 16d gebildeten Bedienteile des Bedienelements 16. Das Bedienelement 16 und dessen Tasten 16a bis 16d sind vorliegend als mechanisch zu betätigende Taster mit jeweils zumindest einer Betätigungsstufe ausgebildet. Es sind jedoch auch andere Ausgestaltungen im eingangs definierten Sinne denkbar. figure 2 shows the handling device 10 suspended from the support means 9 figure 1 in a side view in more detail. In this enlarged representation it can be seen that the handling device 10 is coupled to the carrying means 9 via a connecting body 14 and the rotary arrangement 17 . Opposite the rotary arrangement 17, the handling device 10 or its housing 12 has a receptacle 10a for the non-rotatable attachment of the load handling device 9a. The rotary arrangement 17, in particular its housing 17c, and the handling device 10, in particular the housing 12, are connected to one another and to the carrying means 9 in a load-bearing manner by means of the connecting body 14. This makes it possible, in particular, to reduce the weight of the load L via the handling device 10, the connecting body 14 and the rotary assembly 17 forward and initiate from the rotary assembly 17 in the support means 9. The operating element 16 is arranged on the housing 12, in particular on the handle 15 there. The operating parts of the operating element 16 formed by the keys 16a to 16d can also be seen. The operating element 16 and its keys 16a to 16d are in the present case designed as mechanically actuated keys each having at least one actuation stage. However, other configurations in the sense defined above are also conceivable.

Auch ist erkennbar, dass der Griff 15 ausgebildet ist, um von einer Hand 13a, 13b der Bedienperson 13 zumindest teilweise umgriffen zu werden und zugleich das Erreichen des Bedienelements 16 beziehungsweise der Tasten 16a bis 16d mit derselben Hand 13a, 13b zu ermöglichen. Der Griff 15 kann zudem als Hebelarm genutzt werden, um die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 zusammen mit einer angehängten Last L (siehe Figur 1) bequem um die Drehachse z1 rotieren zu können.It can also be seen that the handle 15 is designed to be at least partially gripped by a hand 13a, 13b of the operator 13 and at the same time to enable the operating element 16 or the buttons 16a to 16d to be reached with the same hand 13a, 13b. The handle 15 can also be used as a lever arm to move the handling device 10 together with a suspended load L (see figure 1 ) to be able to easily rotate around the axis of rotation z1.

Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Drehanordnung 17 und einen Teil der Handhabungseinrichtung 10. Innerhalb des Gehäuses 17c sind ein oberes erstes Drehelement 17a sowie ein unteres zweites Drehelement 17b der Drehanordnung 17 untergebracht. Die Drehelemente 17a, 17b sind relativ zueinander um die Drehachse z1 drehbar beziehungsweise definieren diese. Hierbei stützen sich die Drehelemente 17a, 17b über insbesondere kugelförmige Rollkörper 18 gegeneinander ab, um ein als Wälzlager ausgebildetes Axiallager, insbesondere Kugellager, zu bilden. Zum Schutz vor Verschmutzungen ist ferner ein den Spalt zwischen den beiden Drehelementen 17a, 17b abdeckender Dichtungskörper 19 angeordnet. figure 3 shows a section through the rotary assembly 17 and part of the handling device 10. An upper first rotary element 17a and a lower second rotary element 17b of the rotary assembly 17 are accommodated within the housing 17c. The rotary elements 17a, 17b can be rotated relative to each other about the axis of rotation z1 or define it. Here, the rotary elements 17a, 17b are supported against each other via spherical rolling bodies 18 in particular, in order to form an axial bearing, in particular a ball bearing, designed as a roller bearing. To protect against contamination, a sealing body 19 covering the gap between the two rotary elements 17a, 17b is also arranged.

Um die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 über die Drehanordnung 17 lasttragend an dem Tragmittel 9 zu befestigen und aufzuhängen, ist die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 insbesondere mit ihrem Gehäuse 12 bezüglich der Drehachse z1 drehfest mit dem ersten Drehelement 17a und das freie Ende des Tragmittels 9 bezüglich der Drehachse z1 drehfest mit dem zweiten Drehelement 17b verbunden. Die lasttragende und hierbei drehfeste Verbindung zwischen der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 und dem ersten Drehelement 17a erfolgt über den Verbindungskörper 14, der sich einerseits mit einem ersten Kragen 14a an dem Gehäuse 17c und andererseits mit einem zweiten Kragen 14b an dem Gehäuse 12 und somit jeweils formschlüssig und reibkraftschlüssig abstützt und hierfür durch entsprechende gegenüberliegende Öffnungen jeweils in das Gehäuse 17c und 12 eingreift. Die ebenfalls lasttragende und drehfeste Verbindung zwischen dem Tragmittel 9 und dem zweiten Drehelement 17b erfolgt vorliegend über ein Halteelement 21, das innerhalb des Gehäuses 17c angeordnet ist und sich über die Drehelemente 17a und 17b sowie die Rollkörper an der Gehäusewand des Gehäuses 17c abstützt, wobei das Drehelement 17a mit der Gehäusewand in Kontakt ist.In order to fasten and suspend the handling device 10 via the rotary arrangement 17 in a load-bearing manner on the support means 9, the handling device 10 is in particular with its housing 12 non-rotatably with respect to the axis of rotation z1 with the first rotary element 17a and the free end of the support means 9 is non-rotatable with respect to the axis of rotation z1 connected to the second rotary member 17b. The load-bearing and non-rotatable connection between the handling device 10 and the first rotary element 17a takes place via the connecting body 14, which is connected on the one hand to a first collar 14a on the housing 17c and on the other hand to a second collar 14b on the housing 12 and thus in each case in a form-fitting and friction-fitting manner supported and for this purpose by corresponding opposite Openings in the housing 17c and 12 engages respectively. The likewise load-bearing and non-rotatable connection between the support means 9 and the second rotary element 17b is made here via a holding element 21, which is arranged inside the housing 17c and is supported on the housing wall of the housing 17c via the rotary elements 17a and 17b and the rolling bodies, the Rotary element 17a is in contact with the housing wall.

Um als Ausrichtung den jeweiligen Drehwinkel W der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 relativ zu der Drehachse z1 ermitteln zu können, ist die Sensorik 20 nach einer Ausführungsform, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, als Drehwinkelsensorik ausgebildet und bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel vollständig am Tragmittel 9 befestigt. Hierbei ist die Sensorik 20 zwischen dem Tragmittel 9 und der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 angeordnet, insbesondere innerhalb des Gehäuses 17c. Die Sensorik 20 umfasst einen Magnetkörper 20a und einen hiermit zusammenwirkenden Sensor 20b in Form eines als 3D-Sensor ausgebildeten Hallsensors, der die Ermittlung eines absoluten Drehwinkels W ermöglicht und hierfür eine entsprechende Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik 20 definiert, die als Bezugssystem für die zu ermittelnde Ausrichtung dient. Hierbei ist der Magnetkörper 20a bezüglich der Drehachse z1 drehfest mit dem Halteelement 21 verbunden und auf einer von dem Tragmittel 9 abgewandten und der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 zugewandten Seite von diesem getragen. Der Sensor 20b ist dem Magnetkörper 20a gegenüberliegend bezüglich der Drehachse z1 drehfest mit der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 verbunden und auf der innerhalb des Gehäuses 17c gelegenen Kopfseite des Verbindungskörpers 14 angeordnet. Selbstverständlich ist auch eine umgekehrte Anordnung des Magnetkörpers 20a und Sensors 20b möglich.In order to be able to determine the respective angle of rotation W of the handling device 10 relative to the axis of rotation z1 as an orientation, the sensor 20 is designed according to an embodiment that is not part of the invention as a rotation angle sensor and in the present exemplary embodiment is fully attached to the support element 9. In this case, the sensor system 20 is arranged between the carrying means 9 and the handling device 10, in particular within the housing 17c. The sensor system 20 comprises a magnetic body 20a and a sensor 20b that interacts with it in the form of a Hall sensor designed as a 3D sensor, which enables an absolute angle of rotation W to be determined and for this purpose defines a corresponding coordinate plane of the sensor system 20, which serves as a reference system for the alignment is used. In this case, the magnetic body 20a is connected to the holding element 21 in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the axis of rotation z1 and is carried by the holding element 21 on a side facing away from the carrying means 9 and facing the handling device 10 . The sensor 20b is connected to the handling device 10 in a rotationally fixed manner opposite the magnetic body 20a with respect to the axis of rotation z1 and is arranged on the head side of the connecting body 14 located within the housing 17c. A reverse arrangement of the magnet body 20a and sensor 20b is of course also possible.

Aufgrund der bezüglich der Drehachse z1 drehfest mit dem Drehelement 17a verbundenen Teile des Krans 1, also insbesondere der Handhabungseinrichtung 10, dem Verbindungskörper 14 und dem Gehäuse 17c, werden diese bei einer Drehung R um die Drehachse z1 gemeinsam mit der Drehung R rotiert, wohingegen die bezüglich der Drehachse z1 drehfest mit dem Drehelement 17b verbundenen Teile, also insbesondere das Tragelement 9 und das Halteelement 21 in ihrer unverdrehten Ausgangsposition verbleiben. Durch die relativ zu der Drehachse z1 stationäre Anordnung des Drehelements 17b und des hiermit drehfest verbundenen Magnetkörpers 20a kann so eine relative Lageveränderung des Sensors 20b und damit der gesamten Drehrichtung sowie des Drehwinkels W der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 ermittelt werden. Durch diese Art und Anordnung der Sensorik 20 kann die Ausrichtung in Form des Drehwinkels W unabhängig von einer etwaigen Neigung der Drehachse z1 gegenüber der Gravitationskraftrichtung ermittelt werden, beispielsweise wenn der Laststrang gegenüber der Ruhelage pendelt oder absichtlich von der Bedienperson 13 ausgelenkt wird.Due to the parts of the crane 1 connected to the rotary element 17a in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the axis of rotation z1, i.e. in particular the handling device 10, the connecting body 14 and the housing 17c, these are rotated about the axis of rotation z1 together with the rotation R during a rotation R, whereas the With respect to the axis of rotation z1, parts connected non-rotatably to the rotary element 17b, ie in particular the carrying element 9 and the holding element 21, remain in their non-rotated starting position. Due to the relative to the axis of rotation z1 stationary arrangement of the rotary element 17b and the herewith non-rotatably connected magnetic body 20a, a relative change in position of the sensor 20b and thus the entire direction of rotation and the angle of rotation W of the Handling device 10 are determined. This type and arrangement of the sensor system 20 allows the alignment in the form of the angle of rotation W to be determined independently of any inclination of the axis of rotation z1 with respect to the direction of gravitational force, for example if the load train oscillates with respect to the rest position or is intentionally deflected by the operator 13.

Alternativ und gemäß einer Ausführungsform, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, zu der Ermittlung der Ausrichtung der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 und der drehfest hiermit verbundenen Teile relativ zu einer mit dem Tragmittel 9 beweglichen Koordinaten-Ebene ist auch denkbar, dass die Ausrichtung, insbesondere der jeweilige Drehwinkel W, relativ zu einer globalen und insbesondere ortsfesten Koordinaten-Ebene ermittelt wird kann. Hierzu kann die Sensorik 20 beispielsweise einen elektronischen Kompass umfassen, der dann die Koordinaten-Ebene der Sensorik 20 definiert. Die Ermittlung der Ausrichtung relativ zu einer derartigen Koordinaten-Ebene hat den Vorteil, dass unabhängig von einer möglichen Rotation beziehungsweise Torsion des Tragmittels 9 und damit der Koordinaten-Ebene um die Drehachse z1 eindeutige Ergebnisse möglich sind. In diesem Zusammenhang sind auch weitere Arten und Anordnungen der Sensorik 20 denkbar, wobei insbesondere die jeweilige Koordinaten-Ebene definierende Teile der Sensorik 20 auch außerhalb des Tragmittels 9 und/oder außerhalb des Krans 1, insbesondere ortsfest relativ zu dem Kran 1 und dessen Bewegungen angeordnet werden können. Hier kann die Sensorik 20 wie oben beschrieben Sendemittel und Empfänger aufweisen, um zwei beispielswiese an der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 definierte Referenzpunkte und deren Ausrichtung zu ermitteln.As an alternative and according to an embodiment that is not part of the invention, in addition to determining the alignment of the handling device 10 and the parts connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner relative to a coordinate plane that can be moved with the support means 9, it is also conceivable that the alignment, in particular the respective angle of rotation W, can be determined relative to a global and in particular stationary coordinate plane. For this purpose, the sensor system 20 can include an electronic compass, for example, which then defines the coordinate plane of the sensor system 20 . Determining the orientation relative to such a coordinate plane has the advantage that unambiguous results are possible independently of a possible rotation or torsion of the suspension element 9 and thus of the coordinate plane about the axis of rotation z1. In this context, other types and arrangements of the sensor system 20 are also conceivable, with the parts of the sensor system 20 defining the respective coordinate plane also being arranged outside the support means 9 and/or outside the crane 1, in particular stationary relative to the crane 1 and its movements can become. As described above, the sensor system 20 can have transmitters and receivers here in order to determine two reference points defined, for example, on the handling device 10 and their alignment.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Lasthandling-Kranload handling crane
22
Kranträgercrane girder
33
EndeEnd
44
EndeEnd
55
Kranfahrwerkcrane chassis
5a5a
Elektromotorelectric motor
66
Kranfahrwerkcrane chassis
6a6a
Elektromotorelectric motor
77
Krankatzecrane cat
7a7a
Katzfahrwerktrolley
88th
Hebezeughoist
99
Tragmittelcarrying means
9a9a
Lastaufnahmemittelload handling equipment
1010
Handhabungseinrichtunghandling device
10a10a
AufnahmeRecording
1111
Steuerungseinheitcontrol unit
11a11a
Teil der Steuerungseinheit 11Part of the control unit 11
11b11b
Teil der Steuerungseinheit 11Part of the control unit 11
1212
GehäuseHousing
1313
Bedienpersonoperator
13a13a
Handhand
13b13b
Handhand
1414
Verbindungskörperconnecting body
14a14a
Kragencollar
14b14b
Kragencollar
1515
GriffHandle
1616
Bedienelementcontrol element
16a16a
Taste "Vorwärtsfahrt""Forward drive" button
16b16b
Taste "Rückwärtsfahrt""Reverse" button
16c16c
Taste "Heben"lift button
16d16d
Taste "Senken""Lower" button
1717
Drehanordnungrotary arrangement
17a17a
erstes Drehelementfirst rotating element
17b17b
zweites Drehelementsecond rotating element
17c17c
GehäuseHousing
1818
Rollkörperrolling body
1919
Dichtungskörperseal body
2020
Sensoriksensors
20a20a
Magnetkörpermagnetic body
20b20b
HallsensorHall sensor
2121
Halteelementholding element
2222
SchlauchHose
EE
Fahrebenedriving level
xx
Kranfahrrichtungdirection of travel of the crane
yy
Katzfahrrichtungtrolley direction
LL
Lastload
LELE
Längserstreckunglongitudinal extent
RR
Drehungrotation
WW
Drehwinkelangle of rotation
z1z1
Drehachseaxis of rotation

Claims (13)

  1. System for operating a load-handling crane (1), the hoist (8) of which can be moved in a travel plane (E) by means of a travel drive of the crane (1), having a handling device (10) for operating the crane (1) which is provided and configured for attaching to a carrying means (9) of the hoist (8) which can be lifted and lowered, and having a sensor system (20) for determining an orientation of the carrying means (9) and/or a part attached to the carrying means (9), in particular the handling device (10) and/or a load picking-up means (9a), wherein the system comprises an operating element (16, 16a, 16b) which cooperates with the sensor system (20) in such a manner that by actuating the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) a control command can be triggered for actuating the travel drive, by means of which the hoist (8) can be moved in the travel plane (E) in a direction of travel by means of the travel drive and the direction of travel is dependent upon an orientation determined by means of the sensor system (20), wherein the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) comprises two operating parts, the actuation of which in each case triggers control commands for opposite directions of travel in terms of forwards travel and rearwards travel, for which purpose the two operating parts are configured in the form of a first button for forwards travel (16a) and a second button for rearwards travel (16b), preferably in each case as push-buttons to be mechanically actuated, each having at least one actuation stage, wherein the sensor system (20) is configured to determine that orientation of a section of the carrying means (9) suspended from the travel plane (E) and extending in the direction of gravitational force and/or of the part attached thereto, which can be varied by rotation of the section or part about a rotational axis (z1) extending in the direction of gravitational force, characterised in that the specifying of the direction of travel for the travel drive depending upon the determined orientation is effected as a predefined allocation of a directional vector to the determined orientation in such a manner that the specified direction of travel extends along, or in parallel with, a notional straight line representing the orientation, wherein the notional straight line contains two reference points which are defined in a mutually distinguishable manner on the section of the carrying means suspended from the travel plane or the respective part attached thereto used to determine the orientation, wherein a change in the orientation relative to a coordinate plane of the sensor system or the travel drive effects a correspondingly equal change in the directional vector and thus the direction of travel specified in dependence upon the determined orientation, and wherein the sensor system (20) is configured to determine the orientation on the basis of an optical measurement of said reference points.
  2. System as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the direction of travel is specified for the control command in dependence upon the determined orientation by actuating the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) or another operating element of the system.
  3. System as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sensor system (20) is configured to continuously determine the orientation and cooperate with the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) to be actuated to specify the direction of travel in such a manner that the specified direction of travel remains unchanged or is continuously changed when the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) to be actuated to specify the direction of travel is permanently actuated and the orientation changes in the meantime.
  4. System as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sensor system (20) is configured to also determine that orientation of the section of the carrying means (9) suspended from the travel plane (E) and/or the part attached thereto, which can be changed by rotating the section or part about the rotational axis (z1) and is independent of any possible inclination of the rotational axis (z1) with respect to the direction of gravitational force.
  5. System as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sensor system (20) is configured to be attached at least partially, preferably completely, to the carrying means (9) and to be arranged in particular between the carrying means (9) and the load picking-up means (9a), preferably between the carrying means (9) and the handling device (10).
  6. System as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the system comprises a rotary arrangement (17), by means of which the handling device (10), in particular together with at least one part of the sensor system (20), can be attached to the carrying means (9) and can be attached so as to be rotatable relative to the carrying means (9) and about the rotational axis (z1).
  7. System as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that an element for reducing twisting of the carrying means (9) is provided which can be connected to the carrying means (9) for conjoint rotation therewith and is preferably formed as a hose (22).
  8. System as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the rotary arrangement (17) has a housing (17c) having an opening, through which a connecting body (14) which can be connected to the handling device (10) can engage and can be supported on the housing (17c) with its collar (14a) within the housing (17c).
  9. System as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a load sensor is provided which is configured to detect the weight of the respective load (L) acting on the carrying means (9), wherein desired values for speed and/or acceleration and/or deceleration of the travel drive can be adapted in dependence upon the detected weight of the load (L).
  10. Load-handling crane (1), the hoist (8) of which can be moved in a travel plane (E) by means of a travel drive of the crane (1), having a handling device (10) for operating the crane (1) which is attached to a carrying means (9) of the hoist (8) which can be lifted and lowered, and having a system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
  11. Method for operating a load-handling crane (1), in particular as claimed in claim 10, the hoist (8) of which can be moved in a travel plane (E) by means of a travel drive of the crane (1), having a handling device (10) for operating the crane (1) which is attached to a carrying means (9) of the hoist (8) which can be lifted and lowered, and wherein by means of a sensor system (20) an orientation of the carrying means (9) and/or a part attached to the carrying means (9), in particular the handling device (10) and/or a load picking-up means (9a) is determined, wherein by actuating an operating element (16, 16a, 16b) which cooperates with the sensor system (20) a control command is triggered for actuating the travel drive, by means of which the hoist (8) can be moved in the travel plane (E) in a direction of travel by means of the travel drive and the direction of travel is dependent upon an orientation determined by means of the sensor system (20), wherein the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) comprises two operating parts, the actuation of which in each case triggers control commands for opposite directions of travel in terms of forwards travel and rearwards travel, for which purpose the two operating parts are configured in the form of a first button for forwards travel (16a) and a second button for rearwards travel (16b), preferably in each case as push-buttons to be mechanically actuated, each having at least one actuation stage, wherein the sensor system (20) is configured to determine that orientation of a section of the carrying means (9) suspended from the travel plane (E) and extending in the direction of gravitational force and/or of the part attached thereto, which can be varied by rotation of the section or part about a rotational axis (z1) extending in the direction of gravitational force, characterised in that the specifying of the direction of travel for the travel drive depending upon the determined orientation is effected as a predefined allocation of a directional vector to the determined orientation in such a manner that the specified direction of travel extends along, or in parallel with, a notional straight line representing the orientation, wherein the notional straight line contains two reference points which are defined in a mutually distinguishable manner on the section of the carrying means suspended from the travel plane or the respective part attached thereto used to determine the orientation, wherein a change in the orientation relative to a coordinate plane of the sensor system or the travel drive effects a correspondingly equal change in the directional vector and thus the direction of travel specified in dependence upon the determined orientation, and wherein the sensor system (20) is configured to determine the orientation on the basis of an optical measurement of said reference points.
  12. Method as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the direction of travel is specified for the control command in dependence upon the determined orientation by actuating the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) or another operating element.
  13. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the specified direction of travel remains unchanged or is continuously varied when the operating element (16, 16a, 16b) to be actuated to specify the direction of travel is permanently actuated and the orientation changes in the meantime.
EP18793619.0A 2017-10-18 2018-10-18 System for operating a load-handling crane, and load-handling crane and method for operating same Active EP3697718B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102017124278.3A DE102017124278A1 (en) 2017-10-18 2017-10-18 System for operating a load-handling crane as well as a load-handling crane and method for its operation
PCT/EP2018/078589 WO2019077054A1 (en) 2017-10-18 2018-10-18 System for operating a load-handling crane, and load-handling crane and method for operating same

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EP (1) EP3697718B1 (en)
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DE (1) DE102017124278A1 (en)
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DE29712462U1 (en) 1997-07-15 1997-09-11 Muennekehoff Gerd System for controlling the movements of a load lifting device
US6386513B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2002-05-14 Hamayoon Kazerooni Human power amplifier for lifting load including apparatus for preventing slack in lifting cable
US6738691B1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-05-18 The Stanley Works Control handle for intelligent assist devices
AU2003241387A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-11 The Stanley Works Methods and apparatus for manipulation of heavy payloads with intelligent assist devices
US7461753B1 (en) * 2004-12-06 2008-12-09 Gatta Raymond P Practical intelligent assist device
US7467723B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2008-12-23 Zaguroli Jr James Electric motor driven traversing balancer hoist
CN101657377A (en) * 2007-02-14 2010-02-24 株式会社五合 Movement control method, movement operating device, and method for operating movement of moving body
KR101797246B1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2017-11-13 가부시끼가이샤 고고우 Operating device and movement device with the same
US10221047B2 (en) * 2012-01-31 2019-03-05 Gogoh Co., Ltd. Display device of equipment and equipment provided with display device
JP6768183B2 (en) * 2015-01-23 2020-10-14 株式会社五合 Notification device and mobile system
FI20155599A (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-02-22 Konecranes Global Oy Control of a lifting device
DE202016002296U1 (en) * 2016-04-08 2017-07-12 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Construction machinery

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CN111247082B (en) 2021-10-26
CN111247082A (en) 2020-06-05
ES2962251T3 (en) 2024-03-18
US20210188600A1 (en) 2021-06-24
WO2019077054A1 (en) 2019-04-25
EP3697718A1 (en) 2020-08-26

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