EP3666525B1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'une surface structurée - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'une surface structurée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3666525B1
EP3666525B1 EP20155456.5A EP20155456A EP3666525B1 EP 3666525 B1 EP3666525 B1 EP 3666525B1 EP 20155456 A EP20155456 A EP 20155456A EP 3666525 B1 EP3666525 B1 EP 3666525B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid layer
agent
layer
workpiece
electromagnetic radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP20155456.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3666525A1 (fr
EP3666525C0 (fr
Inventor
René Pankoke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
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Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
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Priority claimed from DE102017113036.5A external-priority patent/DE102017113036B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102017113035.7A external-priority patent/DE102017113035B4/de
Application filed by Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau filed Critical Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority to EP23210461.2A priority Critical patent/EP4303021A3/fr
Publication of EP3666525A1 publication Critical patent/EP3666525A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3666525B1 publication Critical patent/EP3666525B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/06—Veined printings; Fluorescent printings; Stereoscopic images; Imitated patterns, e.g. tissues, textiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/002—Pretreatement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/56—Three layers or more
    • B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/584—No clear coat specified at least some layers being let to dry, at least partially, before applying the next layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
    • B41F23/08—Print finishing devices, e.g. for glossing prints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
    • B41J11/002—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2107—Ink jet for multi-colour printing characterised by the ink properties
    • B41J2/2114—Ejecting specialized liquids, e.g. transparent or processing liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
    • B41M5/0047—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper by ink-jet printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0027—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or layers by lamination or by fusion of the coatings or layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0045—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or film forming compositions cured by mechanical wave energy, e.g. ultrasonics, cured by electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams, or cured by magnetic or electric fields, e.g. electric discharge, plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0054—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or film forming compositions cured by thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0081—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/009—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F11/00—Designs imitating artistic work
    • B44F11/04—Imitation of mosaic or tarsia-work patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
    • B44F9/02—Designs imitating natural patterns wood grain effects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface
    • E04F13/0873—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface the visible surface imitating natural stone, brick work, tiled surface or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/008—Sequential or multiple printing, e.g. on previously printed background; Mirror printing; Recto-verso printing; using a combination of different printing techniques; Printing of patterns visible in reflection and by transparency; by superposing printed artifacts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/0011—Pre-treatment or treatment during printing of the recording material, e.g. heating, irradiating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for producing a decorative surface, in particular on a workpiece.
  • Such a structure is also called a synchronous pore.
  • This synchronous pore can be done in an analogous way using an embossing die tailored to a decorative image, which is in a press, for example in a cycle press or a continuous double belt press (cf. DE 103 16 695 B4 ) is placed in the exact decor.
  • EP 3 109 056 A1 shows a process in which such a synchronous structure can be applied very flexibly to a lacquer layer based on a digital template.
  • angles of incidence (20°, 60° and 85°) can be used to record the degree of reflectance, with measurements preferably being taken at the angle of incidence of 60°. Alternatively, the average value of measurements at the three angles of incidence can also be used.
  • the reflectance compares the percentage of light energy emitted and received by a glossmeter at a specific angle of incidence.
  • any surface or section of surface that, according to the standard, achieves less than 20 units of gloss when measured with a gloss meter is defined as “matt”, and any surface or section of surface that achieves more than 60 units of gloss is defined as “glossy”. designated.
  • One of the two lacquer layers can be matt and the other glossy.
  • the change in the degree of gloss of an at least not completely solidified, in particular liquid, layer is known from the prior art not yet polymerized plastic, which is stimulated to polymerize by irradiation with high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm. Due to the polymerization only in the upper layer of this liquid layer, which was applied, for example, with a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m (polymerization, for example, only takes place in a layer of less than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.01 ⁇ m), results Through the polymerization of this thin layer, a “skin” forms on the still liquid layer underneath. As a result, this skin has wrinkling in the micro range or in the nano range, which ultimately causes the matting of this surface because, compared to an untreated layer, it increasingly scatters incident light in several spatial directions.
  • the resulting surface is evenly matted and has the same degree of gloss or mattness in all lower and higher areas.
  • the structural depths of e.g. 10 to 50 ⁇ m previously applied using the known processes can be achieved with a height difference between the deeper pores and the higher areas can no longer be visually recognized.
  • the EP 2 418 019 A1 shows a process for the partial matting of UV lacquer layers.
  • electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths in different time sequences is preferably used.
  • a wavelength of less than 200 nm is used first, then a wavelength of less than 250 nm and finally a wavelength of less than 300 nm.
  • the agent is sprayed onto the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets and/or applied in the form of droplets, in particular by means of a digital print head or a digital nozzle bar.
  • the chemical and/or physical properties of the agent are designed to absorb at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50% of incident electromagnetic radiation.
  • the fine droplets preferably form a uniform layer on the surface of the liquid layer when they are applied, and are particularly suitable for application over larger areas.
  • the fine droplets in particular have a volume of 0.1 ⁇ l to 1 ⁇ l, preferably from 0.3 ⁇ l to 0.8 ⁇ l, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 0.6 ⁇ l.
  • the droplets in particular have a volume of 1 ⁇ l to 80 ⁇ l, preferably from 3 ⁇ l to 12 ⁇ l, particularly preferably from 5 ⁇ l to 10 ⁇ l.
  • the speed of the droplets and/or the fine droplets is in particular between 0.5 m/s and 12 m/s, preferably between 3 m/s and 7 m/s, particularly preferably between 5 m/s and 6 m/s.
  • the surface of a liquid layer on a workpiece is sprayed with droplets of an agent in the form of a liquid before the still liquid paint layer is irradiated with high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 200 nm, which is designed to: to at least partially absorb the high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
  • the droplets and/or the fine droplets are released in such a way that when they hit the surface of the liquid layer, they at least penetrate into it partially penetrate, and/or come to rest on it and/or displace it and create depressions, the droplets being adjusted in particular in volume and/or speed in order to influence the penetration depth and displacement.
  • the release of the fine droplets is preferably controlled in such a way that their momentum when striking the surface of the liquid layer is not sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and/or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the fine droplets preferably rest on the surface of the liquid layer come to rest in a liquid layer.
  • the release of the droplets is preferably controlled in such a way that their impulse when striking the surface of the liquid layer is sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and/or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the droplets displace the liquid layer, whereby a structure with a height difference of 10 to 50 ⁇ m can be introduced into the liquid layer.
  • a microstructure or a nanostructure is preferably formed in the surface of the uppermost partial area
  • the liquid layer is formed by micro-folding, which scatters the reflection of incident light and thus creates an optically matter impression.
  • the microfolding of the uppermost surface of the liquid layer is caused by polymerization of the same, as described in the introduction.
  • the liquid layer preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture. It also preferably has radiation-curing properties.
  • the liquid layer consists of an acrylate lacquer with 30% by weight of a bi-acrylate HDDA, 40% by weight of a bi-acrylate DPGDA, 10% by weight of a cross-linker TM PTA, 3% by weight of an industrially standard photoinitiator and 17 % by weight of other components.
  • the acrylate varnish has a viscosity of 80-500 mPas, preferably 150-400 mPas, measured at 25 ° C and normal pressure with a rheometer.
  • the applied agent preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and/or of a solvent-containing liquid and/or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.
  • the layer is preferably hardened by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, with a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, particularly preferably greater than 300 nm, and/or by irradiation with electron radiation and/or by active and/or passive drying.
  • Active drying is understood to mean any type of drying in which the liquid layer is dried by creating special conditions.
  • the liquid layer can be dried in particular by flowing with a fluid, in particular with air, and/or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
  • Passive drying is preferably characterized by the fact that the liquid layer hardens alone and without further processing. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a free section of a belt transport and/or by placing the workpiece down.
  • Curing is preferably carried out by means of reaction curing using, for example, a two-component system which cures by chemical reaction between the components within less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes.
  • the applied agent is preferably such that it is particularly preferred, in particular after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular of less than 300 nm, preferably of less than 250 nm of less than 200 nm, within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.
  • a further step in the execution of the process is particularly preferably provided, in which the evaporation of the agent is carried out within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.
  • Such an evaporation step can in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is transported through a correspondingly designed route section which has special evaporation conditions for the agent.
  • the evaporation of the agent can in particular be carried out actively, with the agent being evaporated by creating special conditions.
  • the agent can be evaporated in particular by means of a fluid flow, in particular air, and/or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
  • the agent can also evaporate alone and without further processing. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a free section of a belt transport, and/or by storing the workpiece, with further processing taking place after evaporation.
  • the agent When the agent hits the surface or comes into contact with the surface of the liquid layer, it preferably undergoes a chemical reaction in this way that there is an optical and/or haptic change to the surface at these points.
  • the polymer formation changes, for example, the reflection properties of the surface of the liquid layer and/or its roughness.
  • a chemical reaction step is provided which is designed in such a way that the chemical reaction between the agent and the layer is given sufficient time for this chemical reaction to take place at least partially.
  • Such a chemical reaction step can in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is transported through a correspondingly designed route section which has special reaction conditions for the agent and the liquid layer.
  • the chemical reaction is preferably designed in such a way that upon impact or further contact between the agent and the liquid layer, a reaction product is formed which has an absorption property towards electromagnetic radiation.
  • the applied agent When it hits the layer, the applied agent preferably enters into a chemical reaction in such a way that the reaction product at this point is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably of less than 200 nm, no or less microstructure formation is achieved than on the areas where no agent was applied to the surface.
  • a further step is also provided in which the liquid layer is applied to a surface of the workpiece.
  • the application can also be carried out using a spray head, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece using nozzles.
  • a further step, carried out at the same time as the application of the agent, is part of the process in which the liquid layer is structured using an analog or digital structuring process, whereby in particular a structure of the liquid layer with a height difference of 10 to 50 ⁇ m is achieved.
  • a further step is preferably also provided in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog structuring process, in particular with an embossing roller or an embossing plate, and/or is displaced by structuring droplets by means of analog or digital application, in particular by means of a digital print head, whereby the structuring depressions are introduced into the layer.
  • the structuring droplets in particular have a volume of 1 ⁇ l to 80 ⁇ l, preferably from 3 ⁇ l to 12 ⁇ l, particularly preferably from 5 ⁇ l to 10 ⁇ l.
  • the speed of the structuring droplets is in particular between 1 m/s and 12 m/s, preferably between 3 m/s and 7 m/s, particularly preferably between 5 m/s and 6 m/s.
  • the structuring droplets preferably consist of the same material as the liquid layer, so that when they hit the liquid layer, only a physically caused displacement for structuring the liquid layer occurs.
  • structuring droplets can also be applied that differ in their composition, in particular in their density, from the liquid layer. It is also conceivable to design these structuring droplets in such a way that they react chemically with the surface of the liquid layer in order to achieve an optical and/or haptic change to this surface.
  • the structuring of the liquid layer is carried out in such a way that this structure is formed as synchronously as possible (i.e. with a maximum deviation of 2 mm, preferably 1 mm) to a decorative image applied to the workpiece under the liquid layer. i.e. If a wood grain is depicted on the workpiece, the structuring also reproduces a wood grain that corresponds to the grain of the decorative image.
  • the layer is then preferably at least partially transparent after curing at the latest, so that the decorative image becomes correspondingly visible.
  • a further step can also be provided in which, for example, a decorative image is applied to the workpiece using digital printing.
  • a decorative image can also be applied to a structured layer that is at least partially hardened or which has a surface solidified by polymerization. This decorative image can be designed in one or more colors.
  • the device preferably has a curing station, which can be designed differently in order to achieve curing of the at least partially liquid layer.
  • a radiation source can preferably be provided which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and/or the applied agent with electromagnetic radiation of variable wavelength, in particular with IR radiation, at least until it is partially hardened.
  • the radiation source is preferably designed separately and/or identical to the radiation source which emits the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
  • the radiation source can emit electron radiation of variable wavelength.
  • the curing station preferably has a fluid source which is designed to flow around the layer, in particular with air, whereby the fluid can be influenced in particular in the parameters of flow velocity and/or temperature and/or humidity.
  • the curing station preferably has an electron beam source which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and/or the applied agent with electron radiation at least until they are partially hardened.
  • the curing station preferably has a drying station which is designed to accommodate the workpiece until the layer has at least partially hardened and, in particular, to provide a predetermined drying temperature by means of a heat source to which the workpiece with the layer can be exposed.
  • the device preferably also has a control means which is designed to control the device in accordance with the method steps.
  • This can be, for example, an electronically controlled control unit, in particular a control device, which is designed to transmit electronic control signals to the other elements of the device and preferably to receive signals from the other elements of the device. For example, feedback about the amount of droplets currently released or their speed and other information relating to the method can be transmitted to the control means, whereby it receives information about the current implementation of the method and can provide appropriately adapted control signals.
  • the device further has a reaction area which is designed to enable evaporation and/or a chemical reaction, the reaction area being designed in particular as an area through which the transport device transports the workpiece, and its extent and the transport speed are related to each other are coordinated so that evaporation and/or a reaction are at least partially enabled.
  • this can be a chamber through which the workpiece, which can also be web-shaped, is transported.
  • the device preferably also has a protective gas chamber which is designed to at least contain the workpiece and/or the layer and/or the agent to surround a part of the route during transport with a protective gas, in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
  • a protective gas in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
  • the device preferably also has an application device which is designed to apply the liquid layer to the workpiece.
  • This application device in particular has a rolling mill which is designed to coat the workpiece with a liquid layer.
  • a spray head can also be provided, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece using nozzles.
  • the device preferably also has a structuring element which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer.
  • a structuring element which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer.
  • This can preferably be an analogous embossing roller or an embossing plate, on which a structure is provided by means of elevations, which can be transferred to the liquid layer by pressing it into it.
  • the structuring element has at least one digital print head, which is designed to apply structuring droplets to the liquid layer.
  • the digital print head is preferably able to adapt the pulse and/or volume and/or speed of the structuring droplets in such a way that the structuring droplets achieve a structuring effect by striking the liquid layer, in particular by displacing the liquid layer.
  • the device preferably also has an application device for applying a decorative image, with at least one digital print head which is designed to apply color to the surface of the layer and/or the workpiece. This makes it possible to provide the surface of the workpiece and/or the layer with a decorative image.
  • the transport device has a conveyor belt, with the above-described elements of the device one after the other in the main transport direction are arranged.
  • a processing sequence of the process steps can be specified via the arrangement order.
  • the dispensing device preferably has at least one digital print head which is designed to dispense the agent.
  • the digital print head is preferably designed so that it can optionally release the agent in the form of fine droplets or droplets onto the surface of the liquid layer.
  • it is further designed to meter in particular the volume, speed and/or momentum of the fine pots and/or droplets in accordance with a specification, for example from the control means.
  • the reaction region preferably has special boundary conditions that are necessary to trigger evaporation and/or a chemical reaction.
  • the reaction region preferably extends over at least part of the protective gas chamber. This advantageously ensures that the reaction takes place at least partially under protective gas, so that the influence of undesirable chemical components, in particular the ambient air, is minimized.
  • a further coating with a liquid layer can also be carried out, which is also matted in order to achieve special optical effects.
  • Figure 1 is a workpiece 1, shown with a liquid layer 2 applied thereon and an agent that was sprayed onto the layer 2 in the form of droplets 3 from digital print heads 4 arranged above it.
  • the workpiece 1 is moved from right to left in a transport direction under the print heads 4, so that the print heads 4 can apply the droplets 3 to different locations on the liquid layer 2.
  • the means is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation. It can thus be achieved that parts of the surface of the liquid layer 2, which are covered with the agent, can be at least partially shielded from the direct influence of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the droplets 3 have created depressions when they hit the liquid layer 2, the liquid layer 2 having such a viscosity that these depressions do not immediately disappear.
  • a structuring of the liquid layer 2 can be achieved at least over a certain period of time of less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes, which can be permanently solidified by final curing.
  • This workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 is located in a protective gas chamber 24, which predominantly has a nitrogen atmosphere inside 5 in order to keep oxygen atoms or oxygen molecules away from the surface of the layer 2 in order to make undesirable chemical reactions with oxygen in the air more difficult.
  • the surface of layer 2 here has a structure which is formed by the droplets 3, as in Figure 1 represented, was generated.
  • the droplets 3 are still in the depressions.
  • a radiation source 6 for electromagnetic radiation 6a is provided, under which the workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 structured by the depressions is moved through.
  • the radiation source 6 is designed so that it emits the electromagnetic radiation 6a onto the surface of the liquid layer 2.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a has, for example, a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
  • an inert gas atmosphere can also be formed in the interior 5 of the protective gas chamber 24, which is suitable for keeping oxygen atoms and/or molecules away from the surface of the layer 2 in particular.
  • the protective gas chamber 24 can be designed as a closed space, or as an area through which a workpiece 1 is moved. This is particularly advantageous for web-shaped workpieces 1,
  • Figure 3 shows the liquid layer 2 on the workpiece 1 after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation 6a from the radiation source 6.
  • the surface of the liquid layer 2 is polymerized to a greater or lesser extent at various points.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a was able to hit the surface of layer 2 unhindered, as a result of which stronger polymerization took place here.
  • the surface has become rougher at this point, at least in the micro or nano range, since the molecules of the liquid layer 2 near the surface have become more strongly networked due to the electromagnetic radiation 6a. Therefore, light that falls on these points 7 is now diffusely reflected in several directions, whereby a higher degree of dullness of these points 7 is achieved.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a could not directly reach the points 8 of the surface of the liquid layer 2, as this, as in the Figures 1 and 2 shown, with the agent in the form of droplets 3 were covered.
  • the agent is now no longer present on the surface of the liquid layer 2 because, for example, it has evaporated.
  • the agent has at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation in the lower locations 8, so that polymerization of the surface of the liquid layer 2 could not take place here to the same extent as in the locations 7.
  • the lower locations 8 are therefore less rough , at least in the micro or nano range, whereby a reflection of incident light is scattered less strongly. Spots 8 therefore appear shinier compared to spots 7.
  • Figure 4 shows in the lower illustration a section, which is marked in the upper illustration by the two vertical dashed lines, from the layer 2 on the workpiece 1 and the agent sprayed thereon in the form of droplets 3, which contain the electromagnetic radiation 6a at the points of At least partially absorb droplets 3.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a can hit the surface of the liquid layer 2 unhindered. This is illustrated by the length of the arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a, which describe the intensity with which the surface of the liquid layer 2 is irradiated.
  • the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation 6a on the surface of the liquid layer 2 at locations that are covered with droplets 3 is significantly lower, as can be seen from the comparatively short arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a below the droplets 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a further embodiment in which the agent was only applied to the surface of the liquid layer without changing its structure.
  • the agent is applied here in the form of fine droplets 3a, which were applied to the liquid layer in such a way that they do not sink into the surface of the liquid layer 2 or do not displace it and create depressions. This can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the volume and/or impact speed of the fine droplets 3a so that the surface of the liquid layer is not changed by them.
  • a pulse of the fine droplets 3a can be adjusted such that it is not sufficient to break the surface tension of the liquid layer 2, as a result of which the fine droplets 3a do not sink into the liquid layer 2, and/or that it is not sufficient to to overcome the viscosity forces of the liquid layer 2, whereby no depressions are introduced into the liquid layer 2 due to the fine droplets 3a.
  • the fine droplets 3a are dimensioned such that they form a fine veil on the surface of the liquid layer, at least on partial areas thereof.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative workpiece 1 as web material, which is unwound from a roll 9 and is also coated with a liquid layer 2.
  • the workpiece 1 moves continuously to the right, where further processing steps described above (not shown) follow.
  • the liquid layer 2 is applied by means of a rolling mill 10 after unrolling from the roll 9.
  • the matting process can therefore be applied not only to individual flat workpieces, such as panels, for example made of wood, plastic or metal, but also to web-shaped workpieces 1,
  • Figure 7 shows a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a liquid layer S20 is applied to the surface of a workpiece. This can be done, for example, in Figure 6 done in the manner shown.
  • the workpiece coated in this way is then structured S22, so that the liquid layer is provided with a structure after this step has been carried out.
  • the liquid layer can be structured, for example, by an analogous structuring process, in particular mechanical Embossing the surface of the liquid layer, for example by rolling an embossing roller on the surface of the liquid layer.
  • the structuring of the liquid layer can also be done digitally, for example using digital print heads to apply droplets to the surface of the liquid layer, which penetrate into it and/or displace it.
  • the droplets are advantageously made of the same material as the liquid layer in order to simply achieve a structuring effect.
  • the droplets can consist of a different material than the liquid layer, whereby, for example, a chemical reaction between the liquid layer and the droplets can be achieved, in particular by later irradiation with electromagnetic radiation and/or electron radiation and/or increasing the temperature.
  • the chemical reaction is designed in such a way that its reaction product has a structuring effect on the surface of the liquid layer, whereby it is changed optically and/or haptically.
  • the structuring of the surface ensures that the structure is synchronous with the image visible through the liquid layer.
  • the workpiece prepared in this way is then fed to a digital printing station, for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
  • a digital printing station for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
  • the digital printing station enables the application of an agent designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation to the surface of the liquid layer.
  • the application S12 of the agent can take place in the form of droplets, which, for example, are coordinated in speed and volume so that they can overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer in order to structure it.
  • the application of S12 of the agent in the form of fine droplets which are dimensioned so that they do not change the surface of the liquid layer, but only cover it at least on partial areas.
  • the irradiation S14 of the surface of the liquid layer leads to its polymerization to a certain penetration depth, for example 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.01 ⁇ m, which, as in Figure 3 shown, occurred more strongly in the areas that were directly exposed to the radiation. After the irradiation S14 has been completed, these areas are duller than the areas that were covered with the agent.
  • the applied agent is then evaporated in a further step S18.
  • This can be done, for example, simply by heating the agent with an IR lamp, for example, the agent advantageously having a lower evaporation temperature than the liquid layer.
  • evaporation S18 can simply consist of waiting until the agent has evaporated. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a belt transport before carrying out the next method step, this belt transport being designed in terms of its length, transport speed and ambient temperature in such a way that evaporation S18 is made possible during transport.
  • the workpiece in particular the liquid layer, can be irradiated again with electromagnetic radiation which comes from the same radiation source as was used in step S14.
  • electromagnetic radiation comes from the same radiation source as was used in step S14.
  • other radiation sources can also be provided, or other types of curing can take place, such as active or passive air drying, or irradiation with electron beams.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device 18 according to the invention.
  • a transport device 20 is shown, which is designed as a belt transport, on which a workpiece 1 is transported in the transport direction 28.
  • a liquid layer 2 is applied to the top of the workpiece 1.
  • the workpiece 1 is transported into a protective gas chamber 24 in the transport direction 28 as the transport progresses.
  • This has a protective gas atmosphere, in particular an inert gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen atmosphere, in its interior 5, whereby oxygen in particular can be kept away from the liquid layer 2, thereby avoiding undesirable chemical reactions.
  • the application of the agent from the digital print heads 4 can also take place in the form of fine droplets 3a, which are distributed as evenly as possible on the surface of the liquid layer 2 and in particular combine to form partial areas.
  • the digital print heads 4 are followed by a radiation source 6, which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, onto the surface of the liquid layer 2 to achieve the matting described above.
  • a radiation source 6 which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, onto the surface of the liquid layer 2 to achieve the matting described above.
  • control means (not shown) is provided, which is designed to control the device 18 and its elements in order to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • Example 1 An HDF board is coated with a white printing base.
  • the plate coated in this way is fed to a digital printer (in an alternative embodiment also a rotary printing machine with several colors) and decoratively printed with, for example, a wooden decor.
  • an intermediate layer of varnish or primer ideally transparent, can be applied to this decorative layer printed in this way.
  • a liquid layer 2 with a layer thickness of 50-80 ⁇ m is then applied.
  • This layer can be applied in a roller application machine or, in an alternative embodiment, in a spray machine.
  • the layer consists of a UV-curing acrylate mixture.
  • the HDF plate coated in this way is fed to another printing station in which droplets 3 are sprayed onto parts of the surface from digital print heads. In the embodiment shown here, these droplets consist of an aqueous mixture, containing in particular the following components
  • the droplets change the surface of the still liquid layer in such a way that they move at high speeds of 4-6 m/sec. displace the still liquid layer 2.
  • the workpiece with the liquid layer 2 modified in this way is then fed to a radiation source 6, which emits electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of ⁇ 250 nm onto the surface.
  • This electromagnetic radiation is at least partially absorbed by the droplets 3 and hits the underlying layer 2.
  • This layer 2 begins to polymerize on its surface and thereby fold (cf. reference number 7 Fig. 3 . In the deeper locations where the droplets 3 have at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation, there is less polymerization and thus less folding at the locations 8 in Fig. 3 .
  • the workpiece is then fed to another UV radiation source with a wavelength > 300 nm in order to completely harden the underlying, still liquid layer 2, in particular the acrylate layer.

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Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de production d'une surface décorative sur une pièce (1), avec les étapes suivantes :
    - l'aménée (S10) de la pièce (1), qui est revêtue avec une couche liquide (2) pouvant être polymérisée au moyen d'un rayonnement électromagnétique, vers une station d'impression numérique ;
    - l'application (S12) par la station d'impression numérique d'un agent sur au moins une surface partielle de la couche liquide (2), dans lequel l'agent est conçu pour absorber au moins en partie un rayonnement électromagnétique pour réduire l'intensité du rayonnement électromagnétique sur la surface de la couche liquide (2), ou lequel, au contact avec la surface, fait naître un produit réactionnel qui est fait de telle sorte qu'il est en mesure d'absorber au moins en partie un rayonnement électromagnétique pour réduire l'intensité du rayonnement électromagnétique sur la surface de la couche liquide (2) ;
    - l'irridiation (S14) de la surface de la couche liquide (2) et de l'agent avec un rayonnement électromagnétique avec une longueur d'onde de moins de 300 nm, dans lequel
    la réalisation d'une microstructure ou d'une nanostructure est exécutée par l'irradiation (S14) de la surface de la couche liquide (2) avec le rayonnement électromagnétique dans la surface de la surface partielle la plus supérieure de la couche liquide (2), laquelle disperse une réflexion de lumière lors de l'utilisation ultérieure de la pièce (1) et donne ainsi lieu à un effet optiquement plus mat.
    les endroits (7) de la couche liquide (2) qui n'ont pas été recouverts par l'agent sont plus fortement polymérisés que les endroits (8) qui ont été recouverts par l'agent,
    - irradier la surface de la couche liquide (2) et de l'agent avec rayonnement électromagnétique de longueur d'onde variable pour durcir (S16) la couche (2) avec un rayonnement électromagnétique.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent est pulvérisé sous forme de fines gouttelettes (3a) et/ou appliqué sous forme de gouttelettes (3) sur la couche liquide (2), en particulier au moyen d'une tête d'impression numérique (4) ou d'une barre de pulvérisation numérique, dans lequel les fines gouttelettes (3a) présentent un volume de 0,1 pl à 1 pl, de préférence de 0,3 pl à 0,8 pl, de manière particulièrement préférée de 0,5 à 0,6 pl, et/ou les gouttelettes (3) présentent un volume de 1 pl à 80 pl, de préférence de 3 pl à 12 pl, de manière particulièrement préférée de 5 pl à 10 pl, et/ou
    l'agent est réalisé, dans ses propriétés chimiques et/ou physiques, pour absorber au moins 10 %, de préférence au moins 30 %, de manière particulièrement préférée au moins 50 % de rayonnement électromagnétique incident.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que
    les gouttelettes (3) et/ou les fines gouttelettes (3a) sont distribuées de telle sorte que, lorsqu'elles heurtent la surface de la couche liquide (2), elles pénètrent au moins en partie dans celle-ci, et/ou viennent se situer sur celle-ci et/ou refoulent celles-ci et ménagent des évidements, dans lequel les gouttelettes (3) et/ou les fines gouttelettes (3a) sont adaptées en volume et/ou vitesse, afin d'influencer la profondeur de pénétration et le refoulement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications susmentionnées, caractérisé en ce que
    la couche liquide (2) est constituée d'un mélange d'acrylate apte à la polymérisation, et/ou
    l'agent appliqué est constitué d'un mélange d'acrylate apte à la polymérisation et/ou d'un liquide contenant un solvant ou d'un mélange aqueux, en particulier avec un pourcentage d'eau supérieur à 30 %, de préférence supérieur à 50 %.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications susmentionnées, caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent appliqué est constitué uniquement d'eau ou présente, outre l'eau avec une proportion totale de 10 - 99 %, au moins un des ingrédients suivants dans la concentration mentionnée (% en volume) :
    - une substance du groupe des amines encombrées dans une concentration de 0 - 20 %
    - une substance du groupe des N,N'-diphényléoxamides dans une concentration de 0 - 20 % et/ou
    l'agent appliqué présente en plus d'un alcool et/ou d'un glycol avec un pourcentage total (d'alcool et/ou de glycol) de 10-99 %, au moins un des constituants suivants dans la concentration (%vol) citée :
    - une substance du groupe des amines encombrées dans une concentration de 0 - 20 %
    - une substance du groupe des N,N'-diphényléoxamides dans une concentration de 0 - 20 %, et/ou
    l'agent appliqué présente en plus d'un pourcentage de polymère de 10-99 %, au moins un des constituants suivants dans la concentration (%vol) citée :
    - une substance du groupe des benzophénones dans une concentration de 0 - 15%
    - une substance du groupe des benzotrialzoles dans une concentration de 0 - 15 %.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications susmentionnées, caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent appliqué est fait de sorte que, en particulier après l'irradiation (S14), il s'évapore en moins de 3 minutes, de préférence en moins de 1 minute, de manière particulièrement préférée en moins d'une demi-minute, et/ou
    qu'une autre étape (S18) est prévue, dans laquelle l'évaporation de l'agent est exécutée en moins de 3 minutes, de préférence en moins de 1 minute, de manière particulièrement préférée en moins d'une demi-minute.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications susmentionnées, caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent, lorsqu'il heurte la surface de la couche (2), produit avec celle-ci une réaction chimique de telle sorte qu'une modification optique et/ou haptique de la surface se produit aux endroits, et/ou
    en ce qu'une étape de réaction chimique est prévue, qui est configurée de sorte que suffisamment de temps est donné à la réaction chimique entre l'agent appliqué et la couche (2) pour que la réaction chimique se déroule au moins en partie.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications susmentionnées, caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent appliqué, lorsqu'il heurte la couche (2), produit avec celle-ci une réaction chimique, de telle façon que le produit réactionnel n'obtient à cet endroit, du fait de l'irradiation (S14), aucune ou une plus petite formation de micro- ou nanostructure que sur les surfaces sur lesquelles aucun agent n'a été appliqué sur la surface.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    dans une autre étape (S20), la couche liquide (2) est appliquée sur une surface de la pièce (1), et/ou
    dans une autre étape (S22) réalisée en particulier en même temps que l'étape (S12), la couche (2) est structurée au moyen d'un procédé de structuration analogique, en particulier avec un cylindre gaufreur, et/ou est refoulée au moyen de procédés analogiques ou numériques par application d'autres gouttelettes de structuration, dans lequel des évidements sont réalisés dans la couche (2), et/ou
    dans une autre étape, une image décorative est appliquée sur la surface de la pièce (1) et/ou sur la couche (2) qui est durcie au moins en partie ou laquelle présente une surface solidifiée par polymérisation, en particulier au moyen d'une impression numérique.
  10. Dispositif (18) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, présentant les éléments suivants :
    - un dispositif de transport (20) avec une direction de transport (28), dans lequel le dispositif de transport (20) est conçu pour transporter une pièce (1) qui est revêtue d'une couche liquide (2) pouvant être polymérisée au moyen d'un rayonnement électromagnétique, vers d'autres éléments du dispositif,
    - un dispositif de distribution qui est conçu pour appliquer un agent au moins sur une surface partielle de la surface de la couche liquide (2), dans lequel le dispositif de distribution présente au moins une tête d'impression numérique (4) ou une barre de pulvérisation numérique qui est conçue pour distribuer l'agent ;
    - une station de durcissement avec une source de rayons qui est conçue pour irradier la couche liquide (2) et/ou l'agent appliqué avec un rayonnement électromagnétique de longueur d'onde variable, en particulier avec un rayonnement IR, et/ou un rayonnement électronique de longueur d'onde variable, au moins jusqu'à son durcissement partiel
    - un moyen de commande qui est conçu pour commander le dispositif conformément aux étapes de procédé,
    - une source de rayons (6) qui est conçue pour irradier la surface de la couche liquide (2) avec un rayonnement électromagnétique (6a) avec une longueur d'onde de moins de 300 nm, dans lequel la source de rayons est identique et/ou réalisée de manière séparée avec la source de rayons (6).
  11. Dispositif (18) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel
    la station de durcissement présente :
    - une source de fluide qui est conçue pour circuler autour de la couche (2), en particulier avec de l'air, dans lequel le fluide peut être influencé en particulier au niveau des paramètres de vitesse d'écoulement et/ou de température et/ou d'humidité, et/ou
    - une source de faisceau d'électrons qui est conçue pour irradier la couche liquide (2) et/ou l'agent appliqué avec faisceau d'électrons au moins jusqu'à son durcissement partiel, et/ou
    - une station de séchage qui est conçue pour recevoir la pièce (1) jusqu'au durcissement au moins partiel de la couche (2) et pour fournir, en particulier au moyen d'une source de chauffage, une température de séchage prédéterminée à laquelle la pièce (1) avec la couche (2) peut être exposée.
  12. Dispositif (18) selon la revendication 10 ou 11, présentant en outre les éléments suivants :
    - une zone réactionnelle qui est conçue pour permettre une évaporation et/ou une réaction chimique, dans lequel la zone réactionnelle est réalisée en particulier en tant que zone à travers laquelle le dispositif de transport transporte la pièce (1), et dont l'étendue et la vitesse de transport sont adaptées l'une à l'autre de sorte qu'une évaporation et/ou une réaction sont permises au moins en partie, et/ou
    - une chambre de gaz de protection (24) qui est conçue pour entourer la pièce (1) et/ou la couche (2) et/ou le moyen, au moins sur une partie du trajet pendant le transport, avec un gaz de projection, en particulier un gaz inerte, de préférence de l'azote, et/ou
    - un dispositif d'application (10) qui est conçu pour appliquer la couche liquide (2) sur la pièce (1), et/ou
    - un élément de structuration, en particulier un rouleau de gaufrage et/ou une tête d'impression numérique, qui est conçu pour introduire une structure dans la couche liquide (2), et/ou
    - un dispositif d'application pour appliquer une image décorative, présentant au moins une tête d'impression numérique qui est conçue pour appliquer de la couleur sur la surface de la couche (2) et/ou de la pièce (1).
  13. Dispositif (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, dans lequel
    le dispositif de transport (20) présente une bande de transport, et les éléments sont disposés les uns après les autres dans la direction de transport (28), et/ou
    la zone réactionnelle présente des contraintes spéciales qui sont nécessaires pour déclencher une évaporation et/ou une réaction chimique, et/ou
    la zone réactionnelle s'étend au moins sur une partie de la chambre de gaz de protection (24).
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US11717850B2 (en) 2023-08-08
US20210268542A1 (en) 2021-09-02
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EP3415319A1 (fr) 2018-12-19
CN110267813B (zh) 2021-10-22
US20220379344A1 (en) 2022-12-01
EP3415316A1 (fr) 2018-12-19
CN113212020A (zh) 2021-08-06
US11420229B2 (en) 2022-08-23
ES2786985T3 (es) 2020-10-14
CN110267813A (zh) 2019-09-20
EP3666525A1 (fr) 2020-06-17
US11141759B2 (en) 2021-10-12
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US20200368777A1 (en) 2020-11-26
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US20200016629A1 (en) 2020-01-16
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US20200023662A1 (en) 2020-01-23
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US20210394232A1 (en) 2021-12-23
EP3415319B1 (fr) 2020-01-01
PL3415319T3 (pl) 2020-07-13
US11717851B2 (en) 2023-08-08
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US20200016627A1 (en) 2020-01-16
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