EP3564441B1 - Support structure for protecting against avalanches, rockfall and landslides - Google Patents

Support structure for protecting against avalanches, rockfall and landslides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3564441B1
EP3564441B1 EP19170828.8A EP19170828A EP3564441B1 EP 3564441 B1 EP3564441 B1 EP 3564441B1 EP 19170828 A EP19170828 A EP 19170828A EP 3564441 B1 EP3564441 B1 EP 3564441B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supporting construction
beams
support
carrier element
damping sheets
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EP19170828.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3564441A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Krummenacher
Roger Krummenacher
Martin Schollmayer
Philipp Heintzmann
Martin Stolz
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Gebr Krummenacher Immobilien und Verwaltungs AG
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Gebr Krummenacher Immobilien und Verwaltungs AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of civil engineering in the field of avalanche barriers.
  • the present invention relates to a supporting structure and the use of such a supporting structure for protection against avalanches and debris.
  • Avalanche barriers in the starting area have the task of preventing snow avalanches.
  • several rows of supporting structures are built in the area where the avalanche begins.
  • two types of barriers are known in the prior art, namely rigid and flexible supporting structures.
  • Rigid supporting structures are steel snow bridges with a grate made of steel, which absorb loads from avalanches, landslides and rockfalls with only slight deformation of a few centimeters and thus hold the snow in the avalanche slope.
  • steel snow bridges consist of a grid made up of horizontal beams and supports pointing downwards. Since the crawling and sliding snow masses exert a high static pressure on the snow bridges, the supports are attached to the ground by stable concrete foundations. Steel snow bridges prevent an avalanche from breaking loose by supporting the snow cover.
  • Resilient support structures such as snow nets
  • Avalanche barriers often consist of a combination of snow or rockfall protection nets and steel snow bridges in areas at risk of falling rocks. From an economic point of view, however, snow or rockfall protection nets are significantly more disadvantageous in terms of service life, investment and maintenance costs than steel snow bridges, which can have a service life of up to 100 years. However, steel snow bridges are more often destroyed or damaged by falling rocks than snow protection nets. This is often due to the design of classic steel snow bridges. The horizontal beams that connect two girders are often pierced by stones or boulders or deformed in such a way that the use of the steel snow bridge is greatly reduced.
  • the object of the invention to further develop the state of the art in the field of avalanche and rockfall barriers and preferably to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the present invention can provide more stable supporting structures which have a longer service life and lower repair costs than conventional steel snow bridges.
  • rockfall energies are significantly weakened and the dynamic peak pressure of a rockfall is reduced.
  • the DE 28 07 536 discloses an avalanche barrier with shoring units which have a bar grating with approximately horizontal grate bars which are attached to at least two support bars running approximately perpendicular to the grate bars at a distance from one another, the support bars being anchored with their lower ends on the slope and by downwardly extending support bars against the slope are supported, wherein several shoring units are arranged in the direction of the grate bars at a distance from one another and at least several grate bars of the adjacent shoring units are connected to each other via intermediate bars connected to their ends to a limited extent.
  • the invention in a first aspect, relates to a supporting structure for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, comprising a grate structure, the grate structure comprising bars. Damping plates are attached to the beams, which face the slope in the operative state. The beams and damping plates thus form a layer structure, the damping plates forming the top layer and being directly exposed to any stone impact.
  • a supporting structure typically includes intersection points of beams and damping plates. The damping plates are connected to the beams.
  • the supporting structure further comprises a carrier element which is operatively connected to the beam.
  • the beams are attached to the carrier element, whereby the supporting structure has a layer structure in which the carrier element forms the lower layer, the beams form the middle layer and the damping plates form the upper layer.
  • the support structure according to the invention comprises at least one support with a spring element, which is operatively connected to the carrier element.
  • the spring element has the effect, among other things, that the impact energy of an impact can be at least partially absorbed, as a result of which the supporting structure becomes more resistant and has a longer service life.
  • a grate or a grate structure within the meaning of the invention is formed by several intersecting elements, in the present case bars and damping plates, and therefore, in contrast to a grid, has a layer structure.
  • damping plates are facing the slope in the operative state means in the context of the invention that they are attached to the beam and are thus directly exposed to any rockfall.
  • the damping plates thus form the upper layer in the layer structure of the grate structure.
  • Such a structure has proven to be particularly advantageous because, due to their damping properties, the damping plates are designed to absorb part of the impact energy of a rockfall or an avalanche, so that the supporting structure is not damaged by a rockfall or an avalanche. Furthermore, the damping plates transmit the impact energy evenly over the entire grate structure, especially over the beams.
  • connection of damping plates and bars is preferably non-positive, form-fitting or material-locking and preferably comprises screw, rivet, weld, adhesive or similar connections.
  • Such connections are shear-resistant and therefore increase the flexural strength and the load-bearing capacity of the grate structure considerably.
  • the at least one support is arranged at an angle to the carrier element.
  • the angle can be adapted to the respective topographical conditions and is typically between 50 ° and 80 °, preferably between 60 ° and 70 °.
  • the supporting structures are connected to one or more foundations, preferably made of concrete, in the operational state.
  • the supporting structures can be screwed, welded or glued to a fastening connected to the foundation.
  • the at least one support of the supporting structure points downwards and the damping plates face the slope.
  • the at least one support is operatively connected to the carrier element in a pivotable manner by a joint.
  • the joint can for example be a hinge joint.
  • the joint can also be a ball joint, pivot joint or saddle joint.
  • Such a joint protects the connection area between the support and the carrier element, since this means that shear forces that occur when an avalanche or a rock fall can be efficiently transferred to the spring element.
  • the carrier element of the supporting structure comprises one or more carriers.
  • the carriers can be arranged transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the beams.
  • the carrier element comprises two or more carriers which are arranged essentially parallel to one another.
  • the beams preferably form the lateral delimitation of the beam element and are connected to the beams at their ends or at least in the region of their ends with the beams.
  • the carrier element can form an open, in particular a U-shaped, or closed frame or comprise several, preferably two, carriers arranged in parallel.
  • the carrier element can consist of one cross member and two longitudinal members, or of two cross members and two longitudinal members, which are each connected to one another.
  • the damping plates can be non-positively, positively or cohesively connected to the bars at essentially every intersection point.
  • limit tensile forces and limit shear forces of 80 to 120 kN, preferably 95 to 105 kN, can be transmitted at each connection between the beam and the damping plates. This results in a particularly massive rust structure.
  • connection between the beam and the damping plates preferably comprises screw connections of strength classes 4.6, 4.8 or 5.8.
  • the damping plates are designed to be plastically and / or elastically deformed in the event of a rockfall, which significantly reduces the potential damage to the steel snow bridge in the event of a rockfall.
  • the damping plates have a U-shaped, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or parabolic cross-section.
  • the damping plates can be attached to the Upper side, ie on the side facing away from the bars, have a convex or concave curvature. In the event of a rockfall, it can be deformed and thus the impact energy of a possible rockfall can be at least partially absorbed.
  • the damping plates have a height of 30 to 400 mm, preferably 50 to 200 mm, and a width of 30 to 300 mm, preferably 80 to 150 mm, in cross section.
  • the grid or the grate structure of a steel snow bridge or a supporting structure according to the invention typically has a length of 0.5 to 10 m and a height of 0.5 to 5 m.
  • the at least one support has a first and a second support element which are designed to be displaceable within one another and wherein the spring element is arranged wholly or partially in the interior of at least one of the two support elements.
  • at least one of the two support elements can be designed as a hollow body, into which the other support element can be slidably introduced.
  • Both support elements can also be designed as hollow bodies, one of the support elements having a smaller diameter or smaller edge lengths than the other support element.
  • one of the support elements typically has an intermediate sheet which can be welded in, for example, to which the spring element is attached or on which the spring element rests or rests.
  • Such embodiments are particularly advantageous because the arrangement of the spring element protects it from external influences such as weather and ice deposits.
  • the spring element has a spring stiffness of 700 to 2500 N / mm, preferably 1200 to 1800 N / mm.
  • the spring element is preferably a spiral spring. However, it is also possible to use an elastic material such as rubber.
  • the grate structure, the carrier element and / or the at least one support consists of steel, wood or reinforced concrete.
  • the bars are made of steel with an area moment of inertia to the main loading direction of 300 to 900 cm 4 , preferably 500 to 700 cm 4 and / or the damping plates are made of steel with a geometrical moment of inertia to the main loading direction of 500 to 1500 cm 4 , preferably 800 to 1200 cm 4th
  • the beams and the damping plates are not identical.
  • the bars can consist of a different material than the damping plates or have a different cross-section.
  • the bars can consist of steel of the S355 type and / or the damping plates of steel of the S235 type.
  • the bars and / or the supports are H-shaped, circular, rectangular, triangular or elliptical in cross section.
  • the damping plates are typically elastically and / or plastically deformable.
  • the bars are arranged essentially parallel to one another.
  • the bars can also be arranged essentially transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the carrier element and / or transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the damping plates. In the operative state, the bars thus run essentially horizontally to the slope and the damping plates essentially run vertically to the slope.
  • the bars in which, as described above, the carrier element has an open or closed frame, the bars can run parallel to the horizontal part of the frame and transversely, in particular perpendicular to the vertical part of the frame.
  • a further aspect of the invention is the use of a support structure according to the invention as described above for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, preferably in the starting area of avalanches.
  • the schematic view shown shows an embodiment of a supporting structure 10 according to the invention in the operative state.
  • the supporting structure 10 for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides comprises a grate structure 20 with beams 30 and damping plates 40 ( Figure 1 shows only one of the damping plates).
  • the damping plates 40 are connected to the beams 30 and, in the operational state shown, are arranged facing the slope.
  • the grate structure 20 further comprises a carrier element 50, which in the present embodiment is arranged transversely, for example perpendicularly, to the slope and connected to the beams 30.
  • the layer structure of the grate structure 20 is shown as an example.
  • the carrier element 50 forms the lower layer, the beams 30 the middle layer and the damping plates 40 the upper layer.
  • the support structure according to the invention furthermore comprises a support 60 with a spring element 70, the support being in operative connection with the carrier element 50.
  • the support 60 of the embodiment shown is designed in one piece and the spring element 70 is arranged at least partially outside the support 60.
  • the spring element 70 can be connected directly to the carrier element 50.
  • a joint can be arranged between the spring element 70, the support 60 then being operatively connected to the carrier element 50 in a pivotable manner.
  • the supporting structure 10 advantageously comprises two or even more supports 60.
  • the carrier element 51 comprises two carriers 51a and 51b, which have an H-shaped cross section, as is customary, for example, for steel profile carriers familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the supports 51a and 51b in the embodiment shown are each connected to the beams 31 at the ends thereof.
  • the damping plates 41, which are connected to the beams 31, are cuboid in the present embodiment and typically have a cavity.
  • the support comprises a first support element 61a and a second support element 61b, which are designed to be displaceable within one another.
  • Both support elements 61a and 61b are designed as hollow bodies, at least in the insertion area.
  • the spring element 71 is arranged completely inside the support elements 61a and 61b and is thus protected from external influences.
  • a support structure 11 according to the invention can also have two or more supports, each with two support elements and one spring element, which are each operatively connected to one of the two supports 51a and 51b.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic plan view of a grate structure 22 of a further embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the carrier element 52 forms an open, in this case downwardly open, U-shaped frame with two vertical carriers 52a and 52b and one horizontal carrier 52c, which are connected to one another.
  • the carriers 52a and 52b are arranged essentially parallel to one another.
  • Bars 32 are arranged on the carrier element, which in the present embodiment are arranged transversely to the vertical carriers 52a and 52b.
  • the grate structure 22 shown comprises a plurality of damping plates 42, which are fastened at essentially every point of intersection with the beams 32 by screw connections 80.
  • a Supporting structure 12 according to the invention for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides can for example in addition to the in Figure 3
  • the grate structure 22 shown comprises one, two or, as required, several supports with a spring element (not shown), the supports typically being operatively connected to the carrier element and, if necessary, being operatively connected to the carrier element via a joint.
  • the support structure 13 comprises at least one support which has a first support element 63a and a second support element 63b, which are designed to be displaceable within one another.
  • the first support element 63a is designed in such a way that it can be displaced into the second support element 63b.
  • the first support element 63a has a smaller diameter or a smaller edge length than the second support element 63b.
  • the first support element comprises an intermediate plate 90 which is typically welded in and to which the spring element 73 is fastened or on which it rests.
  • a joint 100 is shown, by means of which the at least one support is operatively connected to the carrier element 53 in a pivotable manner.
  • the joint 100 is in operative connection with the second support element 63b.
  • the joint 100 is preferably a hinge joint. However, other types of joints such as ball joints can also be used.
  • the damping plates can have a cuboid shape so that they have a square or rectangular cross-section ( Figure 5a ) exhibit.
  • a particularly effective damping effect can be achieved if the damping plates have a cavity inside.
  • the damping plates on the top i.e. on the side facing away from the beams and the side facing the slope, can have a concave ( Figure 5b ) or convex ( Figure 5c ) Have curvature, which in a rockfall can be deformed and so the impact energy of an impact can at least partially be absorbed.
  • the damping plates can also have an essentially triangular cross-section ( Fig. 5d ), wherein the corners can be rounded in some embodiments.
  • the damping plates can also have a U-shaped ( Figure 5e ) Have a cross-section or consist of at least partially convex plates ( Fig. 5f ) consist.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Bautechnik im Bereich der Lawinenverbauung. Insbesondere bezieht sich die vorliegende Erfindung auf ein Stützwerk sowie die Verwendung eines solchen Stützwerks zum Lawinen- und Geröllschutz.The invention relates to the field of civil engineering in the field of avalanche barriers. In particular, the present invention relates to a supporting structure and the use of such a supporting structure for protection against avalanches and debris.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Lawinenverbauungen im Anbruchgebiet haben die Aufgabe den Anbruch von Schneelawinen zu verhindern. Dazu werden mehrere Reihen Stützwerke im Anbruchgebiet der Lawine verbaut. Grundsätzlich sind im Stand der Technik zwei Arten von Verbauungen bekannt, nämlich starre und nachgiebige Stützwerke.Avalanche barriers in the starting area have the task of preventing snow avalanches. For this purpose, several rows of supporting structures are built in the area where the avalanche begins. Basically, two types of barriers are known in the prior art, namely rigid and flexible supporting structures.

Als starre Stützwerke werden Stahlschneebrücken mit einem Rost aus Stahl bezeichnet, welche von Lawinen, Erdrutschen und Steinschlägen ausgehende Belastungen mit nur geringer Deformation von wenigen Zentimetern aufnehmen und den Schnee somit im Lawinenhang festhalten. Im Allgemeinen bestehen Stahlschneebrücken aus einen Rost aus horizontalen Balken und talwärts-weisenden Stützen. Da die kriechenden und gleitenden Schneemassen dabei einen hohen statischen Druck auf die Schneebrücken ausüben, werden die Stützen durch stabile Betonfundamente am Boden befestigt. Stahlschneebrücken verhindern bereits im Anbruchgebiet das Losreissen einer Lawine indem die Schneedecke abgestützt wird.Rigid supporting structures are steel snow bridges with a grate made of steel, which absorb loads from avalanches, landslides and rockfalls with only slight deformation of a few centimeters and thus hold the snow in the avalanche slope. In general, steel snow bridges consist of a grid made up of horizontal beams and supports pointing downwards. Since the crawling and sliding snow masses exert a high static pressure on the snow bridges, the supports are attached to the ground by stable concrete foundations. Steel snow bridges prevent an avalanche from breaking loose by supporting the snow cover.

Nachgiebige Stützwerke, wie beispielsweise Schneenetze können der Bewegung des Schnees aufgrund ihres Aufbaus über mehrere Dezimeter folgen. Schneenetze sind durch ihre hohe Flexibilität relativ unempfindlich gegen Beschädigung durch Steinschläge.Resilient support structures, such as snow nets, can follow the movement of the snow over several decimeters due to their structure. Due to their high flexibility, snow nets are relatively insensitive to damage from falling rocks.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Des Öfteren bestehen Lawinenverbauungen in steinschlaggefährdeten Anbruchgebieten aus einer Kombination aus Schnee- oder Steinschlagschutznetzen und Stahlschneebrücken. Schnee- oder Steinschlagschutznetze sind jedoch aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht bezüglich Nutzungsdauer, Investitions- und Unterhaltskosten wesentlich nachteiliger als Stahlschneebrücken, welche eine Lebensdauer von bis zu 100 Jahren aufweisen können. Allerdings werden Stahlschneebrücken durch Steinschläge öfter zerstört oder beschädigt als Schneeschutznetze. Dies ist häufig durch die Bauart klassischer Stahlschneebrücken bedingt. Die horizontalen Balken, welche zwei Träger verbinden, werden häufig von Steinen oder Felsbrocken durchstossen oder derart verformt, dass der Nutzen der Stahlschneebrücke stark reduziert wird.Avalanche barriers often consist of a combination of snow or rockfall protection nets and steel snow bridges in areas at risk of falling rocks. From an economic point of view, however, snow or rockfall protection nets are significantly more disadvantageous in terms of service life, investment and maintenance costs than steel snow bridges, which can have a service life of up to 100 years. However, steel snow bridges are more often destroyed or damaged by falling rocks than snow protection nets. This is often due to the design of classic steel snow bridges. The horizontal beams that connect two girders are often pierced by stones or boulders or deformed in such a way that the use of the steel snow bridge is greatly reduced.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung den Stand der Technik im Bereich der Lawinen- und Steinschlagverbauungen weiterzuentwickeln und vorzugsweise die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu überwinden. In vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen können durch die vorliegende Erfindung stabilere Stützwerke bereitgestellt werden, welche eine höhere Lebensdauer und geringere Reparaturkosten aufweisen als herkömmliche Stahlschneebrücken.It is therefore the object of the invention to further develop the state of the art in the field of avalanche and rockfall barriers and preferably to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art. In advantageous embodiments, the present invention can provide more stable supporting structures which have a longer service life and lower repair costs than conventional steel snow bridges.

In weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen werden Steinschlagenergien signifikant abgeschwächt und der dynamische Spitzendruck eines Steinschlags reduziert.In further advantageous embodiments, rockfall energies are significantly weakened and the dynamic peak pressure of a rockfall is reduced.

Diese Aufgaben werden in allgemeiner Weise durch den Gegenstand der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst.These objects are achieved in a general manner by the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

Die DE 28 07 536 offenbart eine Lawinenverbauung mit Verbauungseinheiten, welche einen Balkenrost mit ungefähr horizontalen Rostbalken aufweisen, die an wenigstens zwei ungefähr senkrecht zu den Rostbalken verlaufenden Tragholmen in Abstand voneinander befestigt sind, wobei die Tragholme mit ihren unteren Enden am Hang verankert und durch abwärts verlaufende Stützholme gegen den Hang abgestützt sind, wobei mehrere Verbauungseinheiten in Richtung der Rostbalken in Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind und zumindest mehrere Rostbalken der benachbarten Verbauungseinheiten über in begrenztem Masse abwinkelbar an ihren Enden angeschlossene Zwischenbalken miteinander in Zugverbindung stehen.The DE 28 07 536 discloses an avalanche barrier with shoring units which have a bar grating with approximately horizontal grate bars which are attached to at least two support bars running approximately perpendicular to the grate bars at a distance from one another, the support bars being anchored with their lower ends on the slope and by downwardly extending support bars against the slope are supported, wherein several shoring units are arranged in the direction of the grate bars at a distance from one another and at least several grate bars of the adjacent shoring units are connected to each other via intermediate bars connected to their ends to a limited extent.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich jeweils aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, sowie der Offenbarung insgesamt.Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims and the disclosure as a whole.

In einem ersten Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Stützwerk zum Schutz vor Lawinen, Steinschlägen und Erdrutschen umfassend eine Roststruktur, wobei die Roststruktur Balken umfasst. Auf den Balken sind Dämpfungsbleche angebracht, welche im operativen Zustand hangzugewandt sind. Somit bilden die Balken und Dämpfungsbleche einen Schichtaufbau, wobei die Dämpfungsbleche die oberste Schicht bilden und einem etwaigen Steinschlag direkt exponiert sind. Ein solches Stützwerk umfasst typischerweise Kreuzungspunkte von Balken und Dämpfungsblechen. Die Dämpfungsbleche sind mit den Balken verbunden. Das Stützwerk umfasst weiter ein Trägerelement, welches mit den Balken wirkverbunden ist. Typischerweise sind die Balken auf dem Trägerelement angebracht, wodurch das Stützwerk einen Schichtaufbau aufweist bei welchem das Trägerelement die untere Schicht, die Balken die mittlere Schicht und die Dämpfungsbleche die obere Schicht bilden. Zusätzlich umfasst das erfindungsgemässe Stützwerk mindestens eine Stütze mit einem Federelement, die mit dem Trägerelement wirkverbunden ist. Das Federelement bewirkt unter anderem, dass die Aufschlagenergie eines Einschlags zumindest teilweise absorbiert werden kann, wodurch das Stützwerk widerstandsfähiger und langlebiger wird.In a first aspect, the invention relates to a supporting structure for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, comprising a grate structure, the grate structure comprising bars. Damping plates are attached to the beams, which face the slope in the operative state. The beams and damping plates thus form a layer structure, the damping plates forming the top layer and being directly exposed to any stone impact. Such a supporting structure typically includes intersection points of beams and damping plates. The damping plates are connected to the beams. The supporting structure further comprises a carrier element which is operatively connected to the beam. Typically, the beams are attached to the carrier element, whereby the supporting structure has a layer structure in which the carrier element forms the lower layer, the beams form the middle layer and the damping plates form the upper layer. In addition, the support structure according to the invention comprises at least one support with a spring element, which is operatively connected to the carrier element. The spring element has the effect, among other things, that the impact energy of an impact can be at least partially absorbed, as a result of which the supporting structure becomes more resistant and has a longer service life.

Ein Rost oder eine Roststruktur im Sinne der Erfindung wird durch mehrere, sich kreuzende Elemente, im vorliegenden Fall Balken und Dämpfungsbleche, gebildet und weist daher im Gegensatz zu einem Gitter einen Schichtaufbau auf.A grate or a grate structure within the meaning of the invention is formed by several intersecting elements, in the present case bars and damping plates, and therefore, in contrast to a grid, has a layer structure.

Dass die Dämpfungsbleche im operativen Zustand hangzugewandt sind bedeutet im Sinne der Erfindung, dass diese auf den Balken angebracht sind und somit direkt einem etwaigen Steinschlag exponiert sind. Somit bilden die Dämpfungsbleche im Schichtaufbau der Roststruktur die obere Schicht. Ein solcher Aufbau hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, da die Dämpfungsbleche aufgrund ihrer dämpfenden Eigenschaft dazu ausgebildet sind, einen Teil der Aufschlagsenergie eines Steinschlags oder einer Lawine zu absorbieren, sodass das Stützwerk durch einen Steinschlag oder eine Lawine nicht beschädigt wird. Des Weiteren übertragen die Dämpfungsbleche die Aufschlagsenergie gleichmässig über die gesamte Roststruktur, insbesondere über die Balken.The fact that the damping plates are facing the slope in the operative state means in the context of the invention that they are attached to the beam and are thus directly exposed to any rockfall. The damping plates thus form the upper layer in the layer structure of the grate structure. Such a structure has proven to be particularly advantageous because, due to their damping properties, the damping plates are designed to absorb part of the impact energy of a rockfall or an avalanche, so that the supporting structure is not damaged by a rockfall or an avalanche. Furthermore, the damping plates transmit the impact energy evenly over the entire grate structure, especially over the beams.

Vorzugsweise ist die Verbindung von Dämpfungsblechen und Balken kraftschlüssig, formschlüssig oder stoffschlüssig und umfasst bevorzugt Schrauben-, Nieten-, Schweiss-, Klebe- oder ähnliche Verbindungen. Solche Verbindungen sind schubfest und erhöhen daher die Biegesteifigkeit und die Tragfähigkeit der Roststruktur erheblich.The connection of damping plates and bars is preferably non-positive, form-fitting or material-locking and preferably comprises screw, rivet, weld, adhesive or similar connections. Such connections are shear-resistant and therefore increase the flexural strength and the load-bearing capacity of the grate structure considerably.

In vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen ist die mindestens eine Stütze gewinkelt zu dem Trägerelement angeordnet. Der Winkel kann dabei auf die jeweiligen topografischen Bedingungen angepasst werden und liegt typischerweise zwischen 50° und 80°, vorzugsweise zwischen 60° und 70°.In advantageous embodiments, the at least one support is arranged at an angle to the carrier element. The angle can be adapted to the respective topographical conditions and is typically between 50 ° and 80 °, preferably between 60 ° and 70 °.

Typischerweise sind die Stützwerke im operativen Zustand mit einem oder mehreren Fundamenten, vorzugsweise aus Beton, verbunden. Beispielsweise können die Stützwerke mit einer mit dem Fundament verbundenen Befestigung verschraubt, verschweisst oder verklebt werden. Im operativen Zustand weist die mindestens eine Stütze des Stützwerks talwärts und die Dämpfungsbleche sind dem Hang zugewandt.Typically, the supporting structures are connected to one or more foundations, preferably made of concrete, in the operational state. For example, the supporting structures can be screwed, welded or glued to a fastening connected to the foundation. In the operative state, the at least one support of the supporting structure points downwards and the damping plates face the slope.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die mindestens eine Stütze durch ein Gelenk schwenkbar mit dem Trägerelement wirkverbunden. Das Gelenk kann beispielsweise ein Scharniergelenk sein. In weiteren Ausführungsformen kann es sich bei dem Gelenk auch um ein Kugelgelenk, Zapfengelenk oder Sattelgelenk handeln. Eine solches Gelenk schützt den Verbindungsbereich zwischen Stütze und Trägerelement, da hierdurch beim Aufschlag einer Lawine oder eines Steinschlags auftretende Scherkräfte effizient auf das Federelement übertragen werden können.In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one support is operatively connected to the carrier element in a pivotable manner by a joint. The joint can for example be a hinge joint. In further embodiments, the joint can also be a ball joint, pivot joint or saddle joint. Such a joint protects the connection area between the support and the carrier element, since this means that shear forces that occur when an avalanche or a rock fall can be efficiently transferred to the spring element.

In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen umfasst das Trägerelement des Stützwerks einen oder mehrere Träger. Die Träger können dabei quer, insbesondere senkrecht, zu den Balken angeordnet sein. Typischerweise umfasst das Trägerelement zwei oder mehrere Träger, welche im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise bilden die Träger die seitliche Begrenzung des Trägerelements und sind mit den Balken an deren Enden oder zumindest im Bereich deren Enden mit den Balken verbunden. In weiteren Ausführungsformen kann das Trägerelement einen offenen, insbesondere einen U-förmigen, oder geschlossenen Rahmen bilden oder mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei, parallel angeordnete Träger umfassen. Beispielsweise kann das Trägerelement aus einem Quer- und zwei Längsträgern bestehen, oder aus zwei Quer- und zwei Längsträgern, welche jeweils miteinander verbunden sind.In preferred embodiments, the carrier element of the supporting structure comprises one or more carriers. The carriers can be arranged transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the beams. Typically, the carrier element comprises two or more carriers which are arranged essentially parallel to one another. The beams preferably form the lateral delimitation of the beam element and are connected to the beams at their ends or at least in the region of their ends with the beams. In further embodiments, the carrier element can form an open, in particular a U-shaped, or closed frame or comprise several, preferably two, carriers arranged in parallel. For example, the carrier element can consist of one cross member and two longitudinal members, or of two cross members and two longitudinal members, which are each connected to one another.

In weiteren Ausführungsformen können die Dämpfungsbleche kraftschlüssig, formschlüssig oder stoffschlüssig an im Wesentlichen jedem Kreuzungspunkt mit den Balken verbunden sein. Typischerweise können an jeder Verbindung zwischen Balken und Dämpfungsblechen Grenzzugkräfte und Grenzscherkräfte von 80 bis 120 kN, vorzugsweise 95 bis 105 kN übertragbar sein. Dadurch wird eine besonders massive Roststruktur erreicht.In further embodiments, the damping plates can be non-positively, positively or cohesively connected to the bars at essentially every intersection point. Typically, limit tensile forces and limit shear forces of 80 to 120 kN, preferably 95 to 105 kN, can be transmitted at each connection between the beam and the damping plates. This results in a particularly massive rust structure.

Bevorzugt umfasst die Verbindung zwischen Balken und Dämpfungsblechen Schraubverbindungen der Festigkeitsklasse 4.6, 4.8 oder 5.8.The connection between the beam and the damping plates preferably comprises screw connections of strength classes 4.6, 4.8 or 5.8.

Typischerweise sind die Dämpfungsbleche dazu ausgebildet, sich bei einem Steinschlag plastisch und/oder elastisch zu verformen, wodurch die potentiellen Schäden der Stahlschneebrücke bei einem Steinschlag signifikant reduziert werden.Typically, the damping plates are designed to be plastically and / or elastically deformed in the event of a rockfall, which significantly reduces the potential damage to the steel snow bridge in the event of a rockfall.

Die Dämpfungsbleche weisen in besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsformen einen U-förmigen, rechteckigen, dreieckigen, trapezförmigen oder parabelförmigen Querschnitt auf. Dadurch kann eine gute Dämpfwirkung erzielt, und der dynamische Spitzendruck infolge eines Steinschlags reduziert werden. Des Weiteren können die Dämpfungsbleche an der Oberseite, d.h. an der von den Balken wegweisenden Seite, eine konvexe oder konkave Wölbung aufweisen. Bei einem Steinschlag kann diese verformt und damit die Aufschlagenergie eines etwaigen Steinschlags zumindest teilweise absorbiert werden.In particularly preferred embodiments, the damping plates have a U-shaped, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or parabolic cross-section. As a result, a good damping effect can be achieved and the dynamic peak pressure due to stone impact can be reduced. Furthermore, the damping plates can be attached to the Upper side, ie on the side facing away from the bars, have a convex or concave curvature. In the event of a rockfall, it can be deformed and thus the impact energy of a possible rockfall can be at least partially absorbed.

In einigen Ausführungsformen, weisen die Dämpfungsbleche im Querschnitt eine Höhe von 30 bis 400 mm, bevorzugt 50 bis 200 mm und eine Breite von 30 bis 300 mm, bevorzugt 80 bis 150 mm auf. Typischerweise weist das Gitter oder die Roststruktur einer erfindungsgemässen Stahlschneebrücke oder eines Stützwerks eine Länge von 0.5 bis 10 m und einer Höhe von 0.5 bis 5 m auf.In some embodiments, the damping plates have a height of 30 to 400 mm, preferably 50 to 200 mm, and a width of 30 to 300 mm, preferably 80 to 150 mm, in cross section. The grid or the grate structure of a steel snow bridge or a supporting structure according to the invention typically has a length of 0.5 to 10 m and a height of 0.5 to 5 m.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die mindestens eine Stütze ein erstes und ein zweites Stützelement auf, welche ineinander verschiebbar ausgestaltet sind und wobei das Federelement ganz oder teilweise im Inneren mindestens eines der beiden Stützelemente angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann mindestens eines der beiden Stützelemente als Hohlkörper ausgestaltet sein, in welchen das andere Stützelement verschiebbar einbringbar ist. Es können auch beide Stützelemente als Hohlkörper ausgestaltet sein, wobei eines der Stützelemente einen kleineren Durchmesser oder kleinere Kantenlängen aufweist als das andere Stützelement. In solchen Ausführungsformen weist eines der Stützelemente typischerweise ein Zwischenblech auf, welches beispielsweise eingeschweisst sein kann, an welchem das Federelement befestigt ist oder auf welchem das Federelement aufliegt oder anliegt. Solche Ausführungsformen sind besonders vorteilhaft, da das Federelement durch seine Anordnung von äusseren Einwirkungen, wie Witterung und Eisablagerungen, geschützt ist.In a further embodiment, the at least one support has a first and a second support element which are designed to be displaceable within one another and wherein the spring element is arranged wholly or partially in the interior of at least one of the two support elements. For example, at least one of the two support elements can be designed as a hollow body, into which the other support element can be slidably introduced. Both support elements can also be designed as hollow bodies, one of the support elements having a smaller diameter or smaller edge lengths than the other support element. In such embodiments, one of the support elements typically has an intermediate sheet which can be welded in, for example, to which the spring element is attached or on which the spring element rests or rests. Such embodiments are particularly advantageous because the arrangement of the spring element protects it from external influences such as weather and ice deposits.

Das Federelement weist in vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen eine Federsteifigkeit von 700 bis 2500 N/mm, bevorzugt 1200 bis 1800 N/mm auf.In advantageous embodiments, the spring element has a spring stiffness of 700 to 2500 N / mm, preferably 1200 to 1800 N / mm.

Das Federelement ist bevorzugt eine Spiralfeder. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, ein elastisches Material, wie beispielsweise Gummi zu verwenden.The spring element is preferably a spiral spring. However, it is also possible to use an elastic material such as rubber.

In weiteren Ausführungsformen besteht die Roststruktur, das Trägerelement und/oder die mindestens eine Stütze aus Stahl, Holz oder Stahlbeton.In further embodiments, the grate structure, the carrier element and / or the at least one support consists of steel, wood or reinforced concrete.

In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen bestehen die Balken aus Stahl mit einem Flächenträgheitsmoment zur Hauptbelastungsrichtung von 300 bis 900 cm4, bevorzugt 500 bis 700 cm4 und/oder die Dämpfungsbleche aus Stahl mit einem Flächenträgheitsmoment zur Hauptbelastungsrichtung von 500 bis 1500 cm4, bevorzugt 800 bis 1200 cm4.In preferred embodiments, the bars are made of steel with an area moment of inertia to the main loading direction of 300 to 900 cm 4 , preferably 500 to 700 cm 4 and / or the damping plates are made of steel with a geometrical moment of inertia to the main loading direction of 500 to 1500 cm 4 , preferably 800 to 1200 cm 4th

Typischerweise sind die Balken und die Dämpfungsbleche nicht identisch. So können die Balken aus einem anderen Material bestehen als die Dämpfungsbleche oder einen anderen Querschnitt aufweisen. Beispielsweise können die Balken aus Stahl der Sorte S355 und/oder die Dämpfungsbleche aus Stahl der Sorte S235 bestehen.Typically, the beams and the damping plates are not identical. The bars can consist of a different material than the damping plates or have a different cross-section. For example, the bars can consist of steel of the S355 type and / or the damping plates of steel of the S235 type.

In weiteren Ausführungsformen sind die Balken und/oder die Träger im Querschnitt H-förmig, kreisförmig, rechteckig, dreieckig oder elliptisch.In further embodiments, the bars and / or the supports are H-shaped, circular, rectangular, triangular or elliptical in cross section.

Typischerweise sind die Dämpfungsbleche elastisch und/oder plastisch verformbar.The damping plates are typically elastically and / or plastically deformable.

In weiteren Ausführungsformen sind die Balken im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet. Die Balken können ausserdem im Wesentlichen quer, insbesondere senkrecht, zu dem Trägerelement angeordnet und/oder quer, insbesondere senkrecht zu den Dämpfungsblechen angeordnet sein. Im operativen Zustand verlaufen die Balken somit im Wesentlichen horizontal zum Hang und die Dämpfungsbleche im Wesentlichen vertikal zum Hang. In Ausführungsformen, bei welchen wie oben beschrieben das Trägerelement einen offenen oder geschlossenen Rahmen aufweist, können die Balken parallel zum horizontalen Teil des Rahmens und quer, insbesondere senkrecht zum vertikalen Teil des Rahmens verlaufen.In further embodiments, the bars are arranged essentially parallel to one another. The bars can also be arranged essentially transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the carrier element and / or transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the damping plates. In the operative state, the bars thus run essentially horizontally to the slope and the damping plates essentially run vertically to the slope. In embodiments in which, as described above, the carrier element has an open or closed frame, the bars can run parallel to the horizontal part of the frame and transversely, in particular perpendicular to the vertical part of the frame.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist die Verwendung eines oben beschriebenen, erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks zum Schutz vor Lawinen, Steinschlägen und Erdrutschen, vorzugsweise im Anrissgebiet von Lawinen.A further aspect of the invention is the use of a support structure according to the invention as described above for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, preferably in the starting area of avalanches.

Kurze Erläuterung der FigurenBrief explanation of the figures

Anhand der in den nachfolgenden Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen und der dazugehörigen Beschreibung werden Aspekte der Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks gemäss einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Aufsicht eines erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Fig. 3
eine Aufsicht auf einer erfindungsgemässen Roststruktur gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Fig. 4
einen detaillierten schematischen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und
Fig. 5
Querschnitte verschiedener erfindungsgemässer Dämpfungsbleche gemäss weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.
Aspects of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the following figures and the associated description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of an inventive support structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2
a schematic plan view of a supporting structure according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3
a plan view of an inventive grate structure according to a further embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4
a detailed schematic section of a supporting structure according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 5
Cross-sections of various damping plates according to the invention according to further embodiments of the invention.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays of Carrying Out the Invention

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte schematische Ansicht zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks 10 im operativen Zustand. Das Stützwerk 10 zum Schutz vor Lawinen, Steinschlägen und Erdrutschen umfasst eine Roststruktur 20 mit Balken 30 und Dämpfungsblechen 40 (Figur 1 zeigt nur eines der Dämpfungsbleche). Die Dämpfungsbleche 40 sind mit den Balken 30 verbunden und im dargestellten operativen Zustand hangzugewandt angeordnet. Die Roststruktur 20 umfasst weiter ein Trägerelement 50, welches in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform quer, beispielsweise senkrecht, zum Hang angeordnet und mit den Balken 30 verbunden ist. In der Figur 1 ist der Schichtaufbau der Roststruktur 20 exemplarisch dargestellt. Das Trägerelement 50 bildet dabei die untere Schicht, die Balken 30 die mittlere Schicht und die Dämpfungsbleche 40 die obere Schicht. Das erfindungsgemässe Stützwerk umfasst des Weiteren eine Stütze 60 mit einem Federelement 70, wobei die Stütze mit dem Trägerelement 50 in Wirkverbindung steht. Die Stütze 60 der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist einstückig ausgebildet und das Federelement 70 ist zumindest teilweise ausserhalb der Stütze 60 angeordnet. Wie in der Figur 1 gezeigt, kann das Federelement 70 direkt mit den Trägerelement 50 verbunden sein. Alternativ, kann zwischen dem Federelement 70 ein Gelenk angeordnet sein, wobei dann die Stütze 60 schwenkbar mit dem Trägerelement 50 wirkverbunden ist. Vorteilhaft umfasst das Stützwerk 10 zwei oder sogar mehrere Stützen 60.In the Figure 1 The schematic view shown shows an embodiment of a supporting structure 10 according to the invention in the operative state. The supporting structure 10 for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides comprises a grate structure 20 with beams 30 and damping plates 40 ( Figure 1 shows only one of the damping plates). The damping plates 40 are connected to the beams 30 and, in the operational state shown, are arranged facing the slope. The grate structure 20 further comprises a carrier element 50, which in the present embodiment is arranged transversely, for example perpendicularly, to the slope and connected to the beams 30. In the Figure 1 the layer structure of the grate structure 20 is shown as an example. The carrier element 50 forms the lower layer, the beams 30 the middle layer and the damping plates 40 the upper layer. The support structure according to the invention furthermore comprises a support 60 with a spring element 70, the support being in operative connection with the carrier element 50. The support 60 of the embodiment shown is designed in one piece and the spring element 70 is arranged at least partially outside the support 60. Like in the Figure 1 As shown, the spring element 70 can be connected directly to the carrier element 50. Alternatively, a joint can be arranged between the spring element 70, the support 60 then being operatively connected to the carrier element 50 in a pivotable manner. The supporting structure 10 advantageously comprises two or even more supports 60.

Im Unterschied zu einem Stützwerk ohne Dämpfungsbleche 40, wurde bei einem Durchschlagstest eine deutlich verbesserte Stabilität festgestellt. Bei einer punktuellen Belastung wurde ein Stützwerk ohne Dämpfungsbleche schon bei einer Belastung von 27 kJ beschädigt. Unter anderem wurden die Balken stark deformiert, sodass ein Stein durch das Stützwerk hindurch schlägt. Zudem sind in Folge der Krafteinwirkung diverse Schraubverbindungen gebrochen. Bei Verwendung einer erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks 10 mit Dämpfungsblechen 40, wird selbst bei einer punktuellen Belastung von 250 kJ die Belastung auf die gesamte Roststruktur übertragen, sodass ein Stein zurückgehalten wird und nicht durch das Stützwerk durchschlägt.In contrast to a supporting structure without damping plates 40, a significantly improved stability was found in a breakdown test. In the event of a point load, a support structure without damping plates was damaged at a load of 27 kJ. Among other things, the beams were severely deformed, so that a stone knocked through the supporting structure. In addition, various screw connections have broken as a result of the force. When using a support structure 10 according to the invention with damping plates 40, even with a point load of 250 kJ the Transferring the load to the entire grate structure so that a stone is retained and does not penetrate through the supporting structure.

In der Figur 2 ist eine schematische Aufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks 11 dargestellt. Das Trägerelement 51 umfasst in der dargestellten Ausführungsform zwei Träger 51a und 51b, welche einen H-förmigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wie es beispielsweise für dem Fachmann geläufige Stahlprofilträger üblich ist. Die Träger 51a und 51b in der gezeigten Ausführungsform sind jeweils im Wesentlichen an den Enden der Balken 31 mit diesen verbunden. Die Dämpfungsbleche 41, welche mit den Balken 31 verbunden sind, sind in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform quaderförmig ausgestaltet und weisen typischerweise einen Hohlraum auf. Die Stütze umfasst im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein erstes Stützelement 61a und ein zweites Stützelement 61b, welche ineinander verschiebbar ausgestaltet sind. Beide Stützelemente 61a und 61b sind zumindest im Einschubbereich als Hohlkörper ausgestaltet. Das Federelement 71 ist vollständig im Inneren der Stützelemente 61a und 61b angeordnet und ist somit vor äusseren Einflüssen geschützt. Alternativ kann ein erfindungsgemässes Stützwerk 11 auch zwei oder mehr Stützen mit jeweils zwei Stützelementen und einem Federelement aufweisen, welche jeweils mit einem der beiden Träger 51a und 51b wirkverbunden sind.In the Figure 2 a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a supporting structure 11 according to the invention is shown. In the embodiment shown, the carrier element 51 comprises two carriers 51a and 51b, which have an H-shaped cross section, as is customary, for example, for steel profile carriers familiar to those skilled in the art. The supports 51a and 51b in the embodiment shown are each connected to the beams 31 at the ends thereof. The damping plates 41, which are connected to the beams 31, are cuboid in the present embodiment and typically have a cavity. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support comprises a first support element 61a and a second support element 61b, which are designed to be displaceable within one another. Both support elements 61a and 61b are designed as hollow bodies, at least in the insertion area. The spring element 71 is arranged completely inside the support elements 61a and 61b and is thus protected from external influences. Alternatively, a support structure 11 according to the invention can also have two or more supports, each with two support elements and one spring element, which are each operatively connected to one of the two supports 51a and 51b.

In der Figur 3 ist eine schematische Aufsicht auf eine Roststruktur 22 einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Das Trägerelement 52 bildet einen offenen, in diesem Fall nach unten offenen, U-förmigen Rahmen mit zwei vertikalen Trägern 52a und 52b und einem horizontalen Träger 52c, welche miteinander verbunden sind. Die Träger 52a und 52b sind dabei im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet. Auf dem Trägerelement sind Balken 32 angeordnet, welche in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform quer zu den vertikalen Trägern 52a und 52b angeordnet sind. Des Weiteren umfasst die dargestellte Roststruktur 22 mehrere Dämpfungsbleche 42, welche an im Wesentlichen jedem Kreuzungspunkt mit den Balken 32 durch Schraubverbindungen 80 befestigt sind. Ein erfindungsgemässes Stützwerk 12 zum Schutz vor Lawinen, Steinschlägen und Erdrutschen kann dabei beispielsweise zusätzlich zu der in Figur 3 gezeigten Roststruktur 22 eine, zwei oder je nach Bedarf mehrere Stützen mit einem Federelement umfassen (nicht gezeigt), wobei die Stützen typischerweise mit dem Trägerelement wirkverbunden sind und gegebenenfalls über ein Gelenk mit dem Trägerelement wirkverbunden sind.In the Figure 3 a schematic plan view of a grate structure 22 of a further embodiment of the invention is shown. The carrier element 52 forms an open, in this case downwardly open, U-shaped frame with two vertical carriers 52a and 52b and one horizontal carrier 52c, which are connected to one another. The carriers 52a and 52b are arranged essentially parallel to one another. Bars 32 are arranged on the carrier element, which in the present embodiment are arranged transversely to the vertical carriers 52a and 52b. Furthermore, the grate structure 22 shown comprises a plurality of damping plates 42, which are fastened at essentially every point of intersection with the beams 32 by screw connections 80. A Supporting structure 12 according to the invention for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides can for example in addition to the in Figure 3 The grate structure 22 shown comprises one, two or, as required, several supports with a spring element (not shown), the supports typically being operatively connected to the carrier element and, if necessary, being operatively connected to the carrier element via a joint.

In der Figur 4 ist ein vergrösserter Ausschnitt einer schematischen Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Stützwerks 13 gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform dargestellt. Das Stützwerk 13 umfasst neben dem Trägerelement 53, den Balken 33 und den Dämpfungsblechen 43, mindestens eine Stütze, die ein erstes Stützelement 63a und ein zweites Stützelement 63b aufweist, welche ineinander verschiebbar ausgestaltet sind. Das erste Stützelement 63a ist hierbei derart ausgestaltet, dass es in das zweite Stützelement 63b verschiebbar ist. In der Figur 4 ist zudem ersichtlich, dass das erste Stützelement 63a einen geringeren Durchmesser oder eine geringere Kantenlänge aufweist, als das zweite Stützelement 63b. Zudem umfasst das erste Stützelement ein Zwischenblech 90, welches typischerweise eingeschweisst und an welchem das Federelement 73 befestigt ist oder auf welchem dieses aufliegt. Zusätzlich ist in der Figur 4 ein Gelenk 100 gezeigt, durch welches die mindestens eine Stütze schwenkbar mit dem Trägerelement 53 wirkverbunden ist. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist das Gelenk 100 in Wirkverbindung mit dem zweiten Stützelement 63b. Bei dem Gelenk 100 handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Scharniergelenk. Jedoch können auch weitere Gelenktypen wie z.B. Kugelgelenke verwendet werden.In the Figure 4 shows an enlarged section of a schematic side view of a supporting structure 13 according to the invention according to a further embodiment. In addition to the carrier element 53, the beam 33 and the damping plates 43, the support structure 13 comprises at least one support which has a first support element 63a and a second support element 63b, which are designed to be displaceable within one another. The first support element 63a is designed in such a way that it can be displaced into the second support element 63b. In the Figure 4 it can also be seen that the first support element 63a has a smaller diameter or a smaller edge length than the second support element 63b. In addition, the first support element comprises an intermediate plate 90 which is typically welded in and to which the spring element 73 is fastened or on which it rests. In addition, the Figure 4 a joint 100 is shown, by means of which the at least one support is operatively connected to the carrier element 53 in a pivotable manner. In the embodiment shown, the joint 100 is in operative connection with the second support element 63b. The joint 100 is preferably a hinge joint. However, other types of joints such as ball joints can also be used.

In der Figur 5 sind exemplarische Querschnitte einiger erfindungsgemässer Dämpfungsbleche gezeigt. So können die Dämpfungsbleche beispielsweise quaderförmig ausgebildet sein, sodass diese einen quadratischen oder rechteckigen Querschnitt (Fig. 5a) aufweisen. Eine besonders effektive Dämpfwirkung kann erzielt werden, wenn die Dämpfungsbleche im Inneren einen Hohlraum aufweisen. Des Weiteren können die Dämpfungsbleche an der Oberseite, d.h. an der von den Balken wegweisenden und der hangzugewandten Seite, eine konkave (Fig. 5b) oder konvexe (Fig. 5c) Wölbung aufweisen, welche bei einem Steinschlag verformt werden kann und so die Aufschlagenergie eines Einschlags zumindest teilweise absorbiert kann. Die Dämpfungsbleche können auch einen im Wesentlichen dreieckigen Querschnitt (Fig. 5d) aufweisen, wobei die Ecken in einigen Ausführungsformen abgerundet sein können. Die Dämpfungsbleche können auch einen U-förmigen (Fig. 5e) Querschnitt aufweisen oder aus zumindest teilweise konvex gewölbten Platten (Fig. 5f) bestehen.In the Figure 5 exemplary cross-sections of some damping plates according to the invention are shown. For example, the damping plates can have a cuboid shape so that they have a square or rectangular cross-section ( Figure 5a ) exhibit. A particularly effective damping effect can be achieved if the damping plates have a cavity inside. Furthermore, the damping plates on the top, i.e. on the side facing away from the beams and the side facing the slope, can have a concave ( Figure 5b ) or convex ( Figure 5c ) Have curvature, which in a rockfall can be deformed and so the impact energy of an impact can at least partially be absorbed. The damping plates can also have an essentially triangular cross-section ( Fig. 5d ), wherein the corners can be rounded in some embodiments. The damping plates can also have a U-shaped ( Figure 5e ) Have a cross-section or consist of at least partially convex plates ( Fig. 5f ) consist.

Liste der BezugszeichenList of reference symbols

10, 11, 12, 1310, 11, 12, 13
StützwerkSupport structure
20, 21, 22, 2320, 21, 22, 23
RoststrukturRust structure
30, 31, 32, 3330, 31, 32, 33
Balkenbar
40, 41, 42, 4340, 41, 42, 43
DämpfungsblecheDamping plates
50, 51, 52, 5350, 51, 52, 53
TrägerelementSupport element
51a, 52a, 51b, 52b51a, 52a, 51b, 52b
vertikale Trägervertical beams
52c52c
horizontaler Trägerhorizontal beam
60,61,62,6360,61,62,63
Stützesupport
61a, 61b, 63a, 63b61a, 61b, 63a, 63b
erstes und zweites Stützelementfirst and second support element
70, 71, 7370, 71, 73
FederelementSpring element
8080
SchraubenverbindungScrew connection
9090
ZwischenblechIntermediate plate
100100
Gelenkjoint

Claims (15)

  1. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) for protecting against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, said construction including:
    a grid structure (20, 21, 22, 23), wherein the grid structure (20, 21, 22, 23) includes beams (30, 31, 32, 33) and damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43), wherein the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) are fitted on the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) such that, in the operative state, the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) are directed towards the slope and are connected to the beams (30, 31, 32, 33);
    a carrier element (50, 51, 52, 53), which is connected to the beams (30, 31, 32, 33); and
    at least one support (60, 61, 62, 63) with a spring element (70, 71, 73), wherein the support (60, 61, 62, 63) is operatively connected to the carrier element (50, 51, 52, 53).
  2. Supporting construction (13) according to Claim 1, wherein the at least one support is operatively connected, in a pivotable fashion, to the carrier element (53) by a joint (100), preferably a hinge joint.
  3. Supporting construction (11, 12) according to either of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier element (51, 52) forms an open or closed frame or includes a plurality of, preferably two, carriers (51a, 51b, 52a, 52b) arranged parallel to one another.
  4. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) are connected to the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) in a force-fitting, form-fitting or firmly bonded manner at essentially each crossover point.
  5. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein limit tension forces and limit shear forces of 80 to 120 kN, preferably 95 to 105 kN, can be transferred at each connection between a beam (30, 31, 32, 33) and a damping sheet (40, 41, 42, 43).
  6. Supporting construction (12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection between beams (32) and damping sheets (42) includes screw connections (80) of strength class 4.6, 4.8 or 5.8.
  7. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) comprise a U-shaped, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or parabolic cross section and/or comprise concave or convex curvature.
  8. Supporting construction (11, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one support (61, 63) comprises a first supporting element (61a, 63a) and a second supporting element (61b, 63b), which are configured for displacement one inside the other, and wherein the spring element (71, 73) is arranged wholly or partially in the interior of at least one of the two supporting elements (61a, 61b, 63a, 63b).
  9. Supporting construction (10, 11, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spring element (70, 71, 73) has a spring stiffness of 700 to 2500 N/mm, preferably 1200 to 1800 N/mm.
  10. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the grid structure (20, 21, 22, 23), the carrier element (50, 51, 52, 53) and/or the at least one support (60, 61, 62, 63) consist/consists of steel, wood or reinforced concrete.
  11. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) consist of steel with an area moment of inertia of 300 to 900 cm4, preferably 500 to 700 cm4, and the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) consist of steel with an area moment of inertia of 500 to 1500 cm4, preferably 800 to 1200 cm4.
  12. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) consist of S355 steel and/or the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) consist of S235 steel.
  13. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43) are elastically and/or plastically deformable.
  14. Supporting construction (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) are arranged essentially transversely in relation to the carrier element (50, 51, 52, 53) or in relation to part of the carrier element and/or transversely in relation to the damping sheets (40, 41, 42, 43).
  15. Use of a supporting construction according to one of the preceding claims for protecting against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, preferably in the starting zone of avalanches.
EP19170828.8A 2018-04-30 2019-04-24 Support structure for protecting against avalanches, rockfall and landslides Active EP3564441B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00547/18A CH714941B1 (en) 2018-04-30 2018-04-30 Support structure to protect against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3564441A1 EP3564441A1 (en) 2019-11-06
EP3564441B1 true EP3564441B1 (en) 2020-12-16

Family

ID=66251670

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19170828.8A Active EP3564441B1 (en) 2018-04-30 2019-04-24 Support structure for protecting against avalanches, rockfall and landslides

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3564441B1 (en)
CH (1) CH714941B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113073581B (en) * 2021-04-07 2022-04-29 交通运输部公路科学研究所 Hollow ball concrete shed tunnel protection structure

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1073523B (en) * 1960-01-21 Österreichische Metallwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Ranshofen (Österreich) Protection against avalanches, falling rocks or landslides
AT190543B (en) * 1955-06-18 1957-07-10 Oesterr Alpine Montan Snow guard or the like
AT352170B (en) * 1977-04-22 1979-09-10 Voest Ag AVALANCHE CONSTRUCTION
AT351071B (en) * 1977-04-22 1979-07-10 Voest Ag AVALANCHE CONSTRUCTION
KR101157794B1 (en) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-03 한국지질자원연구원 Debris barrier with the function to control storage amount of dredged sediment, maintenance managing system and maintenance managing method using this

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH714941B1 (en) 2021-07-15
EP3564441A1 (en) 2019-11-06
CH714941A2 (en) 2019-10-31

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