EP3497251B1 - Procédé de moulage et de durcissement de matériaux d'acier - Google Patents

Procédé de moulage et de durcissement de matériaux d'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3497251B1
EP3497251B1 EP17736614.3A EP17736614A EP3497251B1 EP 3497251 B1 EP3497251 B1 EP 3497251B1 EP 17736614 A EP17736614 A EP 17736614A EP 3497251 B1 EP3497251 B1 EP 3497251B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
tool
cooling
temperature
hardening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17736614.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3497251A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Michael Radlmayr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Publication of EP3497251A1 publication Critical patent/EP3497251A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3497251B1 publication Critical patent/EP3497251B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for shaping and hardening steel materials.
  • Hardened steel components have the advantage, particularly in the body shop of motor vehicles, that their outstanding mechanical properties make it possible to create a particularly stable passenger cell without having to use components that are much more massive and therefore heavier under normal strength.
  • Steel grades which can be hardened by quench hardening are used to produce hardened steel components of this type.
  • Such types of steel are, for example, boron-alloyed manganese boron steels, the most widely used, here being the 22MnB5.
  • Other boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels are also used for this.
  • the steel material In order to produce the components hardened from these types of steel, the steel material must be heated to the austenitizing temperature (> Ac 3 ) and waited until the steel material is austenitized. Depending on the desired degree of hardness, partial or full austenitization can be achieved here.
  • a sheet steel plate is separated from a steel strip, for example. cut or punched and then deep-drawn to the finished component in a conventional, for example five-step, deep-drawing process.
  • This finished component is dimensioned somewhat smaller in order to compensate for subsequent thermal expansion during austenitizing.
  • the component produced in this way is then austenitized and then placed in a form hardening tool, in which it is pressed, but not or only very slightly reshaped, and the heat flows from the component into the pressing tool due to the pressing, with the pressure exceeding the critical hardening speed Speed.
  • the further procedure is the so-called press hardening, in which a blank is separated from a sheet steel strip, for example. is cut or punched, the board is then austenitized and the hot board is shaped at a temperature below 782 ° C. in a preferably one-step step and at the same time cooled at a rate above the critical hardening rate.
  • mold hardening is also referred to as an indirect process and press hardening as a direct process.
  • the advantage of the indirect process is that more complex workpiece geometries can be realized.
  • the advantage of the direct process is that a higher degree of material utilization can be achieved.
  • the achievable component complexity is lower, especially in the one-step forming process.
  • sheet steel components in that a cavity is formed and this cavity is blown or inflated into a desired shape or into a shape with a medium under pressure in order to achieve a final shape.
  • This process is also known as hydroforming.
  • a method and a device for hardening profiles is known.
  • This method is designed in particular for open profiles, the component being heated at least in some areas to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the base material and the component being cooled after heating up at a rate which is above the critical rate of hardening, the energy required for the heating is at least partially introduced by induction, free edges being arranged in the component for setting a temperature and / or hardness gradient over the cross section of the component, the size, type and extent of the edges being arranged in a manner coordinated with a desired hardness degree and / or hardness gradient. These edges have the effect that an increase in the current flow density occurs at edges with inductive heating, so that heating can be carried out very quickly in these areas, at least faster than in flat areas.
  • a method of making tapered hollow steel material casings by blow molding in which a preheated hollow casing block is inserted into a blow molding tool, preferably above the austenitizing temperature, and is molded by pressing it against the inner walls of the tool by indenting a heated pressurized medium is expanded into the interior of the cavity of the hollow housing, the hollow housing being rapidly cooled in a subsequent step in a process suitable for quenching the steel material by removing the heated medium present in the hollow housing by a pressurized cooling Medium replaced and by passing a cooling medium through the molding tool to bring about cooling.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for forming and hardening galvanized steel pipes, with which steel pipes can be reliably and crack-free produced.
  • galvanized pipes were considered to be non-microcrackable and hardenable without using internal high-pressure forming processes. If such galvanized pipes or pipe components are formed on the inside by high pressure, microcracks always result to a very large extent, so that, in contrast to other shaping processes, the press hardening process or form hardening process could not be used for pipe components.
  • the inventors have recognized that the microcrack-free shaping of pipe components is successful if a special temperature and process control are carried out.
  • tubular components are prefabricated and pre-bent, pre-squeezed or pre-shaped in some other way analogous to the known hydroforming process.
  • These tubes are then austenitized, which means that they are brought to a temperature above AC 3 and held there until a desired degree of austenitization is reached.
  • the tube is then allowed to passively cool to temperatures between 400-650 ° C. or is actively cooled.
  • This cooling can take place in that the component is transferred to the internal high-pressure forming tool and thereby passively cools in air or, if necessary, the tool is actively cooled after the austenitizing furnace, for example by blowing or spraying with suitable cooling media and then transferred to the internal high-pressure forming tool.
  • Such active cooling takes place at> 5 K / sec, preferably> 10 K / sec, particularly preferably> 20 K / sec, cooling rate.
  • the tube is then finally formed, a medium under pressure being pressed into the tube, so that a known internal high-pressure forming is achieved.
  • this shaping is carried out using a temperature-controlled medium.
  • the medium has a temperature of 400-650 ° C, for example.
  • the tempered medium preferably having a temperature that corresponds to the temperature of the pipe to be formed and is at least so high that the martensite starting temperature (Ms) of the steel alloy used is exceeded.
  • the curing then takes place according to the invention, wherein the curing according to the invention can be carried out in different ways.
  • the internal high pressure forming is carried out in a warm tool with the warm pressurized forming medium.
  • the component thus formed is then removed from the tool and passively cooled in air if the cooling in air is sufficient to reach the critical cooling rate of the steel material, so that martensitic hardening is ensured.
  • This passive cooling is primarily dependent on the sheet thickness, with thinner sheet thicknesses of approximately 1 mm, passive cooling in air may be sufficient to achieve the critical cooling rate.
  • the hot pressurized medium is again used in the hot tool and the tube is subsequently transferred to a cold mold hardening tool.
  • the contour of the tool cavity corresponds exactly to the outer contour of the pipe, so that when the tool is closed, the tool is in full contact with the pipe on all sides and quench hardening is thereby achieved.
  • Cold in the sense of the invention means that the martensite starting temperature of the selected steel material is at least 50 ° C below, ie Ms - 50 ° C.
  • the forming is carried out in the warm tool with the aid of the heated forming medium under pressure, but after the forming has taken place, a cold medium is passed through the tube, so that the martensitic hardening by exceeding the critical quenching speed by the cooling with the cold medium is achieved.
  • a pressurized, warm gaseous medium and the quenching process with a cold gaseous medium, but also with a liquid, cold medium.
  • the temperature of the cold medium is preferably the martensite start temperature of the material, that is, Ms - 50 ° C.
  • the pipes generally have an inlet and an outlet.
  • Pipes in the sense of the invention are not only understood to mean cylindrical pipes, but any form of elongated hollow bodies made of sheet steel, in particular structural components, side members, reinforcements, sills and similar structural components, in particular of motor vehicles.
  • a material which, like the materials of the prior art, is hardenable and in particular a hardenable boron-manganese steel such as e.g. a steel material of type 22MnB5 or 20MnB8 or comparable.
  • Such steel sheets can be provided with a zinc layer, a zinc alloy layer and in particular a zinc iron layer.
  • a so-called galvannealed coating is preferred, ie, a zinc coating pre-reacted by tempering on a steel sheet, which consists of zinc-iron phases and is also resistant to the blowing in of a pressure medium.
  • An austenitized tube 11 is inserted into a mold 2, the tube 1 being composed, for example, of two sheets 3, the sheets each having a corresponding access 5 in the area of a gas supply and discharge to a cavity 4 formed by the sheets.
  • tempered gas for example gas tempered to 400-650 ° C.
  • the tube 1 expands into the mold 2, so that the completely preformed blank is produced.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de mise en forme sous haute pression interne et de durcissement de tubes galvanisés en tôle d'acier, sachant qu'un tube préfabriqué est utilisé, sachant que le tube présente au moins une ouverture d'amenée (5) et un espace creux (4), sachant que le tube est chauffé à une température supérieure à la température d'austénitisation (AC3) de l'alliage d'acier respectif, et après atteinte d'un degré d'austénitisation souhaité, est inséré dans un outil de mise en forme sous haute pression interne et soumis à un fluide sous pression qui est comprimé dans l'espace creux (4) par l'au moins une ouverture d'amenée (5) jusqu'à ce que le tube remplisse une forme (2) spécifiée de l'outil, caractérisé en ce que l'outil de mise en forme est réchauffé à une température comprise entre 400-650 °C, en particulier 450-550 °C et le fluide de pression est également réchauffé et présente une température de 400-650 °C, sachant que le tube est laissé refroidir passivement ou refroidi activement après l'austénitisation à une température de 400-600 °C mais supérieure à la température de départ de martensite (Ms) de l'alliage d'acier choisi, et le refroidissement du tube en vue du durcissement n'est effectué qu'après le façonnage dans l'outil de formage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en vue du durcissement du tube façonné, le tube est prélevé de l'outil chaud et laissé refroidir passivement à l'air.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en vue du durcissement, le tube façonné est prélevé de l'outil chaud et transféré dans un outil de formage froid, sachant que l'espace creux de formage de l'outil de formage correspond sensiblement au contour extérieur du tube façonné.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tube reste dans l'outil chaud après le façonnage et est rincé avec un fluide de refroidissement froid.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la température de l'outil de formage froid avant l'insertion de la pièce à travailler chaude est d'au moins 50 °C sous la température de départ de martensite du matériau d'acier inséré.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le composant est refroidi activement par soufflage ou pulvérisation de fluides de refroidissement appropriés après le four d'austénitisation et ensuite transféré dans l'outil de formage sous haute pression interne, sachant qu'un tel refroidissement actif est effectué à une vitesse de refroidissement de plus de 5 K/s, de préférence de plus de 10 K/s et de manière particulièrement préférentielle de plus de 20 K/s.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement et le durcissement pour un composant mis en forme s'effectuent en ce que le composant est prélevé de l'outil et laissé refroidir passivement à l'air si le refroidissement passif à l'air suffit pour atteindre la vitesse de refroidissement critique, en particulier pour des épaisseurs de tôle de 1 mm et moins, et pour les épaisseurs de tôle de 1,5 mm et plus, un refroidissement actif par des fluides de refroidissement appropriés est effectué.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un acier au bore-manganèse durcissable, en particulier un matériau d'acier du type 22MnB5 ou 20MnB8, est utilisé pour la pièce à travailler.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau d'acier est constitué avec un revêtement métallique, en particulier une couche de zinc, une couche d'alliage de zinc, une couche d'aluminium, une couche d'alliage d'aluminium et en particulier une couche en zinc-fer.
EP17736614.3A 2016-08-08 2017-06-29 Procédé de moulage et de durcissement de matériaux d'acier Active EP3497251B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016114658.7A DE102016114658B4 (de) 2016-08-08 2016-08-08 Verfahren zum Formen und Härten von Stahlwerkstoffen
PCT/EP2017/066077 WO2018028877A1 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-06-29 Procédé et dispositif de moulage et de durcissement de matériaux d'acier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3497251A1 EP3497251A1 (fr) 2019-06-19
EP3497251B1 true EP3497251B1 (fr) 2020-04-01

Family

ID=59295183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17736614.3A Active EP3497251B1 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-06-29 Procédé de moulage et de durcissement de matériaux d'acier

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11332800B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3497251B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109642262B (fr)
CA (1) CA3032551C (fr)
DE (1) DE102016114658B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2787927T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018028877A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016114658A1 (de) 2018-02-08
ES2787927T3 (es) 2020-10-19
DE102016114658B4 (de) 2021-10-14
CN109642262B (zh) 2020-11-13
US20190177812A1 (en) 2019-06-13
CA3032551C (fr) 2024-02-13
CA3032551A1 (fr) 2018-02-15
CN109642262A (zh) 2019-04-16
US11332800B2 (en) 2022-05-17
WO2018028877A1 (fr) 2018-02-15
EP3497251A1 (fr) 2019-06-19

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