EP2143808B1 - Formage et durcissement à chaud partiels à l'aide d'un échauffement de lampes infrarouges - Google Patents

Formage et durcissement à chaud partiels à l'aide d'un échauffement de lampes infrarouges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2143808B1
EP2143808B1 EP09006643.2A EP09006643A EP2143808B1 EP 2143808 B1 EP2143808 B1 EP 2143808B1 EP 09006643 A EP09006643 A EP 09006643A EP 2143808 B1 EP2143808 B1 EP 2143808B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
alloy
heated
regions
component blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP09006643.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2143808A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Pellmann
Johannes Dr. Böke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Aisin Takaoka Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Aisin Takaoka Co Ltd
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Publication of EP2143808A1 publication Critical patent/EP2143808A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/185—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering from an intercritical temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a molded component having at least two microstructures of different ductility from a component blank made of hardenable steel, which is partially heated differently and then formed in a thermoforming and hardening tool and partially cured and an infrared lamp array.
  • thermoforming and press hardening Both preformed components and flat blanks can be thermoformed and press-hardened. With preformed components, the molding process can also be limited to forming a few percent of the final geometry or calibrating.
  • molded components are intended to have high strength over certain regions, and in turn to have higher ductility in relation to other regions.
  • a method for producing a hardened metallic component having at least two regions of different ductility is known.
  • a blank or a preformed mold component is heated in a heating device to an austenitizing temperature and then fed to a curing process via a transport path.
  • a transport path During transport, subregions of the first type of board or of the molded component, which have higher ductility properties in the final component, are cooled.
  • the method is optimized for mass production by quenching the regions of the first kind from a predetermined cooling start temperature, which is above the ⁇ - ⁇ transformation temperature, and quenching is terminated when a predetermined cooling-stop temperature is reached before conversion into ferrite and / or perlite has taken place or after only a small conversion to ferrite and / or perlite has taken place. Subsequently, it is held approximately isothermally to convert the austenite into ferrite and / or perlite. Meanwhile, in the areas of the second type, which have relatively lower ductility properties in the final component, the hardening temperature (T H ) just enough so that sufficient martensite formation can take place in the areas of the second type during a hardening process.
  • T H the hardening temperature
  • the hardening process is carried out.
  • this method more heat energy is first introduced into the board or the molding component in the areas of the first type than necessary, and then heat energy is removed again in a second process step, which is also associated with an energy input.
  • the method therefore has a relatively poor energy balance.
  • the DE 101 08 926 C1 discloses a heat treatment process for altering the physical properties of a metal article.
  • the object is irradiated at least in a predetermined surface portion with electromagnetic radiation of an emitter having a radiator temperature of 2900 K or more in the range of the near infrared with high power density.
  • the material of a surface layer assumes a predetermined treatment temperature as a function of the material parameters.
  • the irradiated surface portion is actively cooled and thus annealed.
  • a complete heating of a large area object from room temperature to hardening temperature but would be with the in DE 101 08 926 C1 described method for an industrial hot forming line too uneconomical.
  • the semi-finished product to be heated simultaneously passes through at least two zones of the continuous furnace with different temperature levels arranged next to one another in the direction of passage and is heated to different degrees so that at least two microstructures with different ductility are set in a subsequent hardening process ,
  • the continuous furnace according to the invention is accordingly provided with at least two adjacent zones in the passage direction, which are separated from each other by a partition, that a workpiece passing through the furnace is both partially in zone 1 and partially in zone 2 and in both zones a separate Temperature control is possible.
  • this multi-zone furnace is a special furnace for partially heated components.
  • Maikranz-Valentin M et al "Components with optimized properties due to advanced thermo-mechanical process strategies in hot sheet metal forming" Steel Res. Int., Verlag Stahleisen GmbH., ISSN: 1611-3683, Vol. 79, No. 2 , 1 February 2008, pages 92 to 97 also describes a thermomechanically tailored product. The entire board is heated to an average temperature below each structural transformation. A local increase above AC 3 in the intended high-strength areas is achieved by a short induction heating.
  • Maikranz-Valentin M et al "Property-optimized components through modified process routes during mold hardening" Modern Thermomechanical Process Strategies in Steel Forming, Workshop, Düsseldorf, 10, May 2007; Pages 115 to 126 discloses heating strategies in the field of mold hardening.
  • a combined furnace / induction heating is described in which a board blank of the material 22MnB5 is first heated in the continuous furnace by different annealing cycles only so far that the annealing accompanying the diffusion of the AlSi surface layer (used material Usibor 1500 P) is ensured, however no austenitization takes place.
  • an inductive rapid heating of defined component zones takes place through the use of an inductor and thus a local increase in the workpiece temperature to above AC 3 .
  • the austenitized zones convert to a martensitic hardened structure.
  • the non-inductively heated ferritic-pearlitic areas are significantly softer after forming and are thus characterized above all by good elongation values.
  • the hardness decreases due to the decreasing martensite fraction with increasing distance to the heating zone.
  • the US 2002/108683 A1 shows a method to avoid cracks in a shank of a forging hammer.
  • the shaft is heated by means of an electrical heat source such as an infrared source.
  • an electrical heat source such as an infrared source.
  • These may be tungsten halogen lamps operating in the short wave range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the US Pat. No. 4,229,236 discloses a process and apparatus for stress relieving a steel sheet by high intensity infrared shortwave radiation.
  • a steel strip goes through a furnace in a continuous process with opposing arrangements of infrared lamps.
  • the intensity of the lamps is controlled along the assembly by a control unit and adjusted according to the speed of passage of the steel strip.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to be able to use a conventional hot forming line as economically as possible in the press cycle for the production of a partially cured component.
  • the heating device consists of a conventional continuous furnace.
  • partially cured components can be produced with the method according to the invention in a conventional hot forming line.
  • preformed components and planar boards can be heated, both together referred to below as the component blank.
  • the molding process can also be limited to forming a few percent of the final geometry or calibrating.
  • the component blank must experience a defined heat input. All areas which are to undergo as complete structural transformation as possible in martensite due to curing must first have been heated to a temperature greater than or equal to the AC 3 point of the alloy. In the following, these are the areas of the first type. Areas which are not or will not be fully cured, hereinafter referred to as second-type areas, must not be heated to a temperature above AC 3 . For the press hardening process, it would be sufficient if the second type areas had room temperature. This would be energetically the cheapest option, but steel at room temperature has a much lower forming capacity than heated steel.
  • the steel is heated in the areas of the second kind, especially since common hot-forming steel springs back after cold forming, which has a negative effect on the tolerances to be observed.
  • too high a temperature gradient between the first type regions and the second type regions after curing can lead to stress in the transition region.
  • the second-type regions are heated to a temperature up to at most the AC 1 point of the alloy. After exceeding the AC 1 point already begins a partial structure transformation, which can also lead to a Clausmartensit Bear after curing, which is not desirable.
  • the starting temperature for the lamp heating by means of infrared should be as high as possible. Consequently, the entire component is preferably a heated to a homogeneous temperature up to the AC 1 point of the alloy in a continuous furnace and then rearranged under the infrared lamp array to heat the areas of the first type above AC 3 . The areas of the second kind are in the meantime irradiated with infrared and kept at their temperature. In this way, the heating by means of infrared is fast enough to ensure the production sequence in the press cycle.
  • the component blank as a whole is heated to a homogeneous temperature of less than AC 3 but greater than AC 1 of the alloy and then transferred to the infrared lamp array under which the areas of the first type are heated above AC 3 .
  • a mixed structure occurs, which is located between the properties of the initial structure and the properties of the hard structure. This mixed structure may be advantageous for certain applications.
  • the component parameters can therefore be flexibly adjusted as required by a power control of the infrared lamps.
  • the process is particularly suitable for thermoforming of a steel alloy, expressed as a percentage by weight Carbon (C) 0.18% to 0.3% Silicon (Si) 0.1% to 0.7% Manganese (Mn) 1.0% to 2.5% Phosphorus (P) max. 0.025% Chromium (Cr) up to 0.8% Molybdenum (Mo) to 0.5% Sulfur (S) max. 0.01% Titanium (Ti) 0.02% to 0.05% Boron (B) 0.002% to 0.005% Aluminum (AI) 0.01% to 0.06% Remaining iron and impurities caused by melting.
  • a component blank of this steel is first heated homogeneously to at least 400 ° C, preferably to about 700 ° C and then heated in the areas of the first kind by means of infrared lamps to a temperature of about 930 ° C. Meanwhile, the second type areas are maintained at about 700 ° C.
  • the blank is fed to a thermoforming and hardening tool and molded and cured in the first type areas. This results in a partially cured, true to size, thermoformed component with defined properties in the respective areas.
  • the method is also applicable to a hot-forming steel provided with a metallic layer such as aluminum or zinc.
  • a hot-forming steel coated with an aluminum-containing layer must first be heated and alloyed to a temperature above the AC 3 point of the alloy in order to form a so-called intermetallic phase.
  • a hot-forming steel coated with aluminum must first be alloyed in a separate working step. This step would be best done at the steel manufacturer already in the production of the coil.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a hot forming line 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • a coil 2 with an uncoated hot-forming steel for example the steel grade described above, is continuously unwound and cut in a cutting station 3 to form a molding board 4.
  • the molding board 4 can optionally be cold preformed and / or trimmed in a molding station 5.
  • the cold forming is usually deep drawing at room temperature, the trimming is carried out as close to the final contour as possible.
  • the forming station 5 is optional and dependent on the complexity of the component geometry. It can also be completely eliminated.
  • the forming plate 4 is transferred directly to the heating station 6. In the heating station 6, the mold plate 4 is heated homogeneously to a temperature of less than AC 3 and then immediately transferred to the infrared lamps station 7.
  • the infrared lamps station 7 is shown here as a separate station. However, the infrared lamps can also be integrated, for example, in the heating station 6, for example in the end region.
  • the molding board 4 is heated in a first type area to a temperature above the AC 3 point of the alloy.
  • the second type regions remain at a temperature below AC 3 .
  • the areas of the second type are located at the respective ends of the forming board 4 and the area of the first type in the middle of the forming board 4.
  • the thus-preheated forming board 4 is then fed to a forced-cooled forming and hardening tool 8 and thermoformed in the station 8 and partially cured.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention for a hot forming line 10 for a coated steel.
  • a coil 20 having a hot-forming steel coated with an aluminum-containing alloy is unwound continuously and passed through a heater 9.
  • the coated hot-forming steel is heated homogeneously to a temperature above AC 3 , so that the coating is alloyed through and forms a so-called intermetallic phase with the base material.
  • the heated coated steel is then not quenched so that it does not harden because then its resistance to deformation would be too high for further processing.
  • the plated-through coated steel is rewound onto a second coil 21.
  • the coated steel is then continuously unwound and cut in a cutting station 3 into a coated forming plate 40.
  • the forming station 5 for cold preforming is eliminated because the intermetallic phase resulting from galling can not be cold formed without cracking. Therefore, the molding board 40 is transferred directly to the heating station 6.
  • the coated forming board 40 is heated homogeneously to a temperature lower than AC 3 and then immediately transferred to the infrared lamps station 7.
  • the infrared lamps station 7 is shown here as a separate station. However, the infrared lamps can also be integrated, for example, in the heating station 6, for example in the end region.
  • the molding board 40 is heated in a first type region to a temperature above the AC 3 point of the alloy.
  • the second type regions remain at a temperature below AC 3 .
  • the regions of the second type are located at the respective ends of the forming board 40 and the region of the first type in the center of the forming board 40.
  • the thus preheated forming board 40 is then fed to a forced-cooled forming and hardening tool 8 and thermoformed in the station 8 and partially cured.
  • FIG. 3 shows the infrared lamps Station 7 from the Figures 1 and 2 in detail.
  • rod-shaped infrared lamps 71 are attached on a support 75 .
  • the infrared lamps 71 are controlled in the temperature fields 72 and 74 so as to hold the preformed and preheated member 41 lying on a support plate 76 in the end portions at 700 ° C, respectively.
  • the rod-shaped Infrared lamps controlled so that they heat the component 41 centered at 930 ° C.
  • the temperature fields 72, 73 and 74 are separated by bulkheads 77 and 78. With the bulkheads 77 and 78, the temperature distribution in the component 41 can be better controlled and the hardness values in the finished component can be set more accurately.
  • FIG. 4 After thermoforming and curing is from the component blank 41 FIG. 3 one in FIG. 4 shown partially cured B-pillar 42 emerged.
  • the B-pillar 42 is relatively ductile in the head region 43 and the pillar base 44.
  • the B-pillar In the central region 47, the B-pillar has been hardened and in the transition regions 45 and 46 from the hardened to the uncured region, a mixed structure has set.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a plan view of another embodiment 70 of an infrared lamp station.
  • the heated mold plate 4 stores.
  • the mold plate 4 is kept at a temperature of 700 ° C.
  • the mold plate 4 is heated to 930 ° C.
  • the temperature drops from 930 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • FIG. 6 shows a heating curve 110 of a first type region of a sheet. Shown is the temperature in ° C over time in seconds.
  • the curve area 11 shows the continuous heating of the sheet in a continuous furnace. Within just under 200 seconds, the entire sheet is heated homogeneously from room temperature to about 700 ° C. The sheet is then transferred at curve point 12 under an infrared lamp array and heated to about 1000 ° C within about 30 seconds. At point 13 the warming is completed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce façonnée (42) avec au moins deux zones structurelles de ductilités différentes (43-47) à partir d'une ébauche de pièce (4, 40) en acier durcissable, qui est chauffée différemment par zones et ensuite façonnée dans un outil de formage à chaud et de durcissement (8) et durcie par zones,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'ébauche de pièce (4, 40) est chauffée dans un dispositif de chauffage (6) à une température homogène inférieure au point AC3 de l'alliage,
    - l'ébauche de pièce est ensuite portée, au moyen d'un groupe de lampes infrarouges (7, 70), dans des zones d'un premier type (47) à une température supérieure au point AC3 de l'alliage et maintenue dans des zones d'un second type (43, 44) à une température en dessous du point AC3 de l'alliage, dans lequel :
    - des lampes infrarouges (71, 710) sont commandées dans des champs de températures (72, 73, 74) de sorte que, dans les champs de températures (72) et (74), l'ébauche de pièce préchauffée (41) soit maintenue dans les zones du second type à la température en dessous du point AC3 de l'alliage, tandis que, dans le champ de température (73), les lampes infrarouges sont commandées de sorte que l'ébauche de pièce (41) soit chauffée dans les zones du premier type à une température supérieure au point AC3 de l'alliage, et
    - l'ébauche de pièce (4, 40) est durcie dans l'outil de formage à chaud et de durcissement (8) dans les zones du premier type (47).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'ébauche de pièce (4, 40) est chauffée dans un four continu à une température homogène inférieure au point AC3 de l'alliage.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'ébauche de pièce (4, 40) est chauffée dans le dispositif de chauffage (6) à une température homogène allant au maximum jusqu'au point AC1 de l'alliage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'ébauche de pièce (4, 40) est chauffée dans le dispositif de chauffage (6) à une température homogène inférieure au point AC3, mais supérieure au point AC1 de l'alliage.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    on utilise un alliage d'acier qui est composé, exprimé en pourcentage en poids, des éléments suivantes : carbone (C) 0,18 % à 0,3 % silicium (Si) 0,1 % à 0,7 % manganèse (Mn) 1,0 % à 2,5 % phosphore (P) au maximum 0,025 % chrome (Cr) jusqu'à 0,8 % molybdène (Mo) jusqu'à 0,5 % soufre (S) au maximum 0,01 % titane (Ti) 0,02 % à 0,05 % bore (B) 0,002 % à 0,005 % aluminium (Al) 0,01 % à 0,06 %,
    le restant étant du fer et des impuretés dues à la fusion.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    on utilise une ébauche de pièce (40) pourvue d'un revêtement métallique, dans lequel le revêtement a été incorporé préalablement.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les différents champs de températures (72, 73, 74) du groupe de lampes infrarouges (7) sont séparés l'un de l'autre par une cloison étanche (77, 78).
EP09006643.2A 2008-06-30 2009-05-16 Formage et durcissement à chaud partiels à l'aide d'un échauffement de lampes infrarouges Not-in-force EP2143808B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008030279A DE102008030279A1 (de) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Partielles Warmformen und Härten mittels Infrarotlampenerwärmung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2143808A1 EP2143808A1 (fr) 2010-01-13
EP2143808B1 true EP2143808B1 (fr) 2014-03-12

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EP09006643.2A Not-in-force EP2143808B1 (fr) 2008-06-30 2009-05-16 Formage et durcissement à chaud partiels à l'aide d'un échauffement de lampes infrarouges

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20090320968A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2143808B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008030279A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2457792T3 (fr)

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DE102008030279A1 (de) 2010-01-07

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