EP3476687B1 - Railway bogie - Google Patents

Railway bogie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3476687B1
EP3476687B1 EP18182331.1A EP18182331A EP3476687B1 EP 3476687 B1 EP3476687 B1 EP 3476687B1 EP 18182331 A EP18182331 A EP 18182331A EP 3476687 B1 EP3476687 B1 EP 3476687B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
spring
layers
railway bogie
annular disc
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EP18182331.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3476687A1 (en
Inventor
Volker Gedenk
Bernd Stöter
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ContiTech Luftfedersysteme GmbH
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ContiTech Luftfedersysteme GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/301—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating metal springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B61F5/526—Bogie frames comprising noise reducing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail undercarriage, in particular a bogie for a freight wagon, with axles mounted in axle bearing housings or wheel bearing housings, a suspension with coil springs made of steel being provided between the axle bearing housings and the vehicle body or vehicle body.
  • a suspension with coil springs made of steel being provided between the axle bearing housings and the vehicle body or vehicle body.
  • the helical spring can be arranged as a primary spring, that is between the axle bearing housing and the frame, or as a secondary spring, namely between the frame and the body or body.
  • Moving freight wagons generate a high level of noise, primarily caused by excitations at the wheel-rail contact point.
  • the main sources of noise are wheels and rails.
  • frames and, in particular, superstructures for sound radiation are also excited, in that the excited vibrations are transmitted as structure-borne noise to the entire wagon via the components wheel, axle bearing housing, springs and bogie frame.
  • the suspension in this bogie is usually made in the form of a set of steel coil springs. Two-stage or double coil springs are often used. Elastomer springs, which are advantageous in terms of structure-borne noise insulation, are rarely used here, among other things, for reasons of cost and their settlement properties. In contrast, combinations of steel springs and rubber-metal springs are known in passenger coaches. Compared to coil springs, the elastomer springs, which are relatively complex to manufacture - elastomer and metal have to be vulcanized to ensure that they are solid - ensure the structure-borne noise insulation required for driving comfort.
  • the bogies are provided with a suspension, whereby, as already mentioned above, both the axles can be sprung against the bogie (primary suspension) or the frame can be sprung against the car body ( Secondary suspension).
  • both the axles can be sprung against the bogie (primary suspension) or the frame can be sprung against the car body ( Secondary suspension).
  • Secondary suspension In the case of freight car bogies, usually only one of the spring levels mentioned is implemented; passenger car and locomotive bogies usually have both spring levels.
  • the Y 25 bogie is the most used freight car bogie today and is continuously being rebuilt by various manufacturers, since this bogie is comparatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the DE 102 41 755 A1 discloses the use of different types of soundproofing coatings and soundproofing hoods, as well as the use of elastomeric washers between the wheelset bearings and the wheelset springs to reduce the transmission of structure-borne noise.
  • the DE 1 199 634 discloses a spring suspension for motor vehicles with an axially compressible metal coil spring between a sprung and an unsprung part of a vehicle, in which an annular rubber washer with a U or L-shaped cross section is fitted between one end of the coil spring and the relevant vehicle part for noise reduction.
  • the rubber disc has rectangular air pockets in its walls, which are supposed to dampen vibrations.
  • the rectangular air pockets create raised webs in a lattice structure as a contact area and contact area to the surrounding connection components. The consequence of this is that the axial deformability along the lattice structure is very inhomogeneous. Under the axially acting force of the coil spring, the webs are deformed transversely to the contact surface.
  • EP 0 924 445 A2 discloses a spring washer designed as a disc for a spring bearing, in particular for a spring bearing of a passenger car, with a reinforcing insert embedded in an elastomeric material.
  • the reinforcement insert has tongues divided by recesses, with a regularly interrupted contact with the spring.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a rail chassis in which the noise pollution of the environment is significantly reduced.
  • the task also consisted in changing and converting the construction of existing and commonly used rail bogies in such a way that improved structure-borne noise insulation is achieved without the need for complicated and expensive conversions and without restricting the usability of the vehicle equipped with the rail bogie.
  • the cross-section of the circular disk is layered and is made up of several layers of different elastic and / or damping properties, at least the outer layers of the disk being made of elastomeric material.
  • the physical effect of structure-borne noise insulation lies in the series connection of components with different modulus of elasticity and different density. So at the boundary layer between the usually metallic connector and the annular disk made of elastomeric material and between the disk and the steel spring, a part of the structure-borne sound waves is reflected and thus at the Forwarding towards frame and body prevented. Physically, the effect is based on the jump in impedance at an interface of two components made of different materials.
  • the coil spring is provided with bent and flat ground end windings. To retrofit the washers, the frame / bogie frame is raised, then the loosely placed coil springs are lifted or pulled from the connecting parts and then the circular washers are positioned using existing guide elements. The springs and frame are then replaced.
  • At least one of the outer layers of the disk is provided on its outside with a structure or texture to even out the surface pressure between the spring and the connecting component, preferably with truncated pyramid-shaped, checkerboard-like projections.
  • texture with regard to the surface design mentioned here, like the term “structure”, includes a relief-like or surface design with projections / recesses, but also a design by means of shaping or ablation processes, for example by embossing. It is advantageous if the height of the texture or structure is less than half the total thickness of the annular disc, i.e. Height of the structural elements ⁇ 0.5 x total thickness.
  • Such a layer with a structured surface reduces the sound-relevant contact area to the metal and at the same time reduces axial deformation provided, which leads to an equalization of the surface pressure by the coil spring.
  • the structure made of elastomer and recesses is designed in such a way that the structure is small in comparison to the dimensions of the disk, so that there is uniform deformability in relation to the area of the disk.
  • a structure of truncated pyramidal protrusions is not the only way to form a structured surface.
  • the structure on the outside can, for example, also be in the form of circular cylinders arranged one inside the other, which are spaced apart from one another for the purpose of deformability and thus contribute to the uniformity of the surface pressure between the spring and the connecting component. Any other desired forms of a raised structure are also conceivable, which ensure flat, uniform deformability.
  • an advantageous development consists in that at least one layer of the annular disk is provided with reinforcing elements, preferably at least the outer layer facing the helical spring.
  • the circular disc can carry high surface loads, in particular when, for example, the layer facing the connecting part additionally consists of an elastomer of high hardness.
  • the layer provided with reinforcing elements consists of an elastomer which is given additional structural strength by adding fibers.
  • the contact surface or pressure surface between the end turn of the coil spring made of steel and the annular disc is heavily loaded.
  • the annular disk made of elastomeric material can also have a collar or cylindrical shaft in order to decouple the spring against the guidance of a connecting part and also to avoid structure-borne noise transmission in this area.
  • the circular disk consists of several layers or layers of elastomeric material, the elastomeric material having a modulus of 1.5 to 2.5 N / mm 2 .
  • a further advantageous embodiment is that the thickness of the annular disk is designed such that the spring stiffness of the disk is greater in the axial direction by at least two powers of ten than that of the helical spring. Since the spring stiffness of the coil spring is decisive for the running properties of the bogie, this requirement is important so that these properties are not noticeably changed by connecting the coil spring and washer in series.
  • a further advantageous embodiment consists in that the thickness of the annular disk is designed such that when one of the components separated by the disk is excited by vibration, i. Spring or connecting part, in the frequency range from 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz there are no standing waves in the thickness direction, i.e. can form normal to the contact surface or in the axial direction of the disc.
  • This frequency range corresponds to the interval of the sound evaluation curve dB (A), in which the correction factor is almost zero or greater. This area is therefore primarily relevant to human hearing.
  • the thickness of the annular disc is between 5 and 12 mm.
  • Such a thickness of the pane designed according to the invention also takes into account the restrictions with regard to the clearance profile of the vehicle.
  • a further advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that the axle bearing housing is resiliently mounted with coil springs in a frame and the annular disk is arranged between the coil spring and its contact surface on the axle bearing housing or on its connecting components.
  • the assembly of the disc consists only in the placement on the guiding and centering devices of the coil spring (primary spring or secondary spring). An additional attachment is not necessary. Modifications to the bogie to accommodate and attach the disks are not necessary.
  • the small thickness of the disc ensures that the permissible clearance profile is not exceeded and that the axial spring stiffness of the steel suspension is not inadmissibly reduced by the series connection with the circular disc made of layers of elastomeric material.
  • the low setting of the washer is negligible compared to the setting of the steel spring. Since it is a disc without vulcanized metal connection surfaces, it is economical to manufacture and has a low overall height.
  • the layered structure allows the properties to be adapted to the specific requirements of the sound insulation of individual types of bogies Combination of specialized effects of individual layers to form an overall component, the design of a stable surface for absorbing the load from the steel spring in combination with at least one additional layer for effective structure-borne noise insulation, and the reinforcement in relation to high surface loads through reinforcement inserts.
  • Fig. 6 shows the parts of a rail carriage for a freight wagon essential for the invention, namely a carriage with a bogie frame 16 with axles 17 mounted in axle bearing housings 3, in which the primary suspension is designed such that the axle bearing housing 3 with coil springs 2 made of steel Rack frame 16 are mounted.
  • Fig. 1 shows the primary suspension of the rail trolley according to the invention in principle in an enlarged cross section.
  • a sound-insulating circular disk 1 is arranged between the coil spring 2 and its contact surface on the axle bearing housing 3.
  • the circular disk 1 is layered in cross section from two layers 11 and 12 of different elastic and or damping properties constructed and made of elastomeric material.
  • the inner diameter 4 of the annular disk 1 is dimensioned such that the disk 1 can be positioned by means of the spring guide device 5 of the axle bearing housing 3.
  • the circular disc 1 has a two-layer structure.
  • the upper layer 11 is made of an elastomer of high hardness and is also provided with reinforcing elements which, in the form of a fiber admixture made of carbon fibers, provide additional structural strength.
  • This layer 11 has a flat surface facing the coil spring 2.
  • the layer structure is in the synopsis with the Fig. 3 once again more clearly recognizable.
  • the lower layer 12 has on its outer side, that is to say on the contact side with the axle bearing housing 3, a structure for equalizing the surface pressure between the spring and the connecting component.
  • the structure here consists of projecting cuboids 13, which are formed in the surface of the lower layer. The latter is firmly bonded to the upper layer 11.
  • Fig. 2 which shows the view of the circular disc 1 from below, the checkered arrangement of the cuboids 13 is clearly visible.
  • Both layers 11, 12 take on different subtasks.
  • the contact zone 8 has a crescent shape, as in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 to recognize.
  • the compact and rigid construction of the upper layer 11 ensures that the force of the coil spring from the contact zone 8 is distributed over a larger area in the lower layer 12.
  • the projecting cuboids 13 experience and enable deformation depending on the local load, as in Fig. 3 shown. Without the uniform deformability of the lower layer 12, very high stress peaks would occur locally in layer 11.
  • the axle bearing housing 3 and the coil spring 2 are made of metal, while the disc 1, i.e. both layers of the disc 1, made of elastomer.
  • This pairing of materials results in the desired physical effect of an impedance jump at the interfaces 6 and 7 to the last spring turn and to the axle bearing housing, combined with a partial reflection of the structure-borne noise that is to be indicated here by the sketched sine wave 14. Due to the partial reflection at the boundary layers, less structure-borne noise is transmitted from the axle bearing housing 3 to the steel spring 2 and there is a reduced structure-borne noise level in the vehicle structures above the coil spring 2, i.e. here in the rack 16. The structure-borne noise in the frame 16 is indicated here by the sketched sine wave 15.
  • the thickness of the circular disc 1 is 8 mm in this embodiment.
  • the first drop in structure-borne sound insulation for a 5 mm layer thickness is 20 kHz and thus far outside the frequency range 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz, which is to be regarded as critical via the correction factor of the sound evaluation curve dB (A) .
  • the lower one would be for 12 mm Frequency for standing waves at 8333 Hz.
  • the thickness of 8 mm is a well-designed training to reduce the unpleasant structure-borne noise.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schienenfahrwerk, insbesondere ein Drehgestell für einen Güterwagen, mit in Achslagergehäusen bzw. Radlagergehäusen gelagerten Achsen, wobei zwischen Achslagergehäusen und Wagenaufbau bzw. Wagenkasten eine Federung mit Schraubenfedern aus Stahl vorgesehen ist. Zwischen der Schraubenfeder und mindestens einer ihrer Anlageflächen am jeweiligen Anschlussbauteil, d.h. ihrer Anlagefläche zum Beispiel am Achslagergehäuse, am Gestellrahmen oder am Wagenkasten, ist dabei eine kreisringförmige, ein elastomeres Material aufweisende, schallisolierende Scheibe angeordnet. Grundsätzlich kann die Schraubenfeder als Primärfeder angeordnet sein, also zwischen Achslagergehäuse und Gestellrahmen, oder aber als Sekundärfeder, nämlich zwischen Gestellrahmen und Wagenkasten oder Karosserie.The invention relates to a rail undercarriage, in particular a bogie for a freight wagon, with axles mounted in axle bearing housings or wheel bearing housings, a suspension with coil springs made of steel being provided between the axle bearing housings and the vehicle body or vehicle body. Between the coil spring and at least one of its contact surfaces on the respective connection component, i.e. Its contact surface, for example on the axle bearing housing, on the frame or on the car body, is arranged in a ring-shaped, sound-insulating pane having an elastomeric material. In principle, the helical spring can be arranged as a primary spring, that is between the axle bearing housing and the frame, or as a secondary spring, namely between the frame and the body or body.

Fahrende Güterwagen erzeugen einen hohen Lärmpegel, primär verursacht durch Anregungen an der Rad-Schiene-Kontaktstelle. Die Hauptschallquellen sind Räder und Schiene. Daneben werden auch Rahmen und insbesondere Aufbauten zur Schallabstrahlung angeregt, indem die angeregten Schwingungen als Körperschall über die Bauteile Rad, Achslagergehäuse, Federn und Drehgestellrahmen auf den gesamten Wagon übertragen werden.Moving freight wagons generate a high level of noise, primarily caused by excitations at the wheel-rail contact point. The main sources of noise are wheels and rails. In addition, frames and, in particular, superstructures for sound radiation are also excited, in that the excited vibrations are transmitted as structure-borne noise to the entire wagon via the components wheel, axle bearing housing, springs and bogie frame.

Das in Europa am häufigsten verwendete Drehgestell ist das Y25 Drehgestell, das in den fünfziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts eingeführt wurde. Es zeichnet sich durch Robustheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit aus. Die Lärmvermeidung stand damals noch nicht im Focus. Dies hat sich in den letzten Jahren stark gewandelt. Hervorzuheben sei, dass bei allen im Einsatz befindlichen Drehgestellen die Bremsanlage geändert wird, um den Lärm zu reduzieren..The most commonly used bogie in Europe is the Y25 bogie, which was introduced in the 1950s. It is characterized by robustness and economy. At that time, noise reduction was not the focus. This has changed a lot in recent years. It should be emphasized that at all bogies in use the brake system is changed to reduce the noise ..

Die Federung in diesem Drehgestell ist in der Regel in Form eines Satzes von Schraubenfedern aus Stahl ausgeführt. Häufig kommen zweistufige oder doppelte Schraubenfedern zum Einsatz. Elastomerfedern, die bezüglich der Körperschallisolierung von Vorteil sind, kommen hier unter anderem aus Kostengründen und wegen ihrer Setzungseigenschaften eher selten zum Einsatz. In Reisezugwagen dagegen sind Kombinationen aus Stahlfedern und Gummi-Metallfedern bekannt. Hier gewährleisten die im Vergleich zu Schraubenfedern relativ aufwändig herzustellenden Elastomerfedern - Elastomer und Metall müssen festhaftend miteinander vulkanisiert werden - die für den Fahrkomfort erforderliche Körperschallisolierung.The suspension in this bogie is usually made in the form of a set of steel coil springs. Two-stage or double coil springs are often used. Elastomer springs, which are advantageous in terms of structure-borne noise insulation, are rarely used here, among other things, for reasons of cost and their settlement properties. In contrast, combinations of steel springs and rubber-metal springs are known in passenger coaches. Compared to coil springs, the elastomer springs, which are relatively complex to manufacture - elastomer and metal have to be vulcanized to ensure that they are solid - ensure the structure-borne noise insulation required for driving comfort.

In Pkw-Federbeinen, wie sie z. B. durch die DE 10106915 C2 offenbart sind, kommen ebenfalls Kombinationen aus Stahlfedern und Elastomerunterlagen zur Verbesserung der Körperschallisolierung zum Einsatz. Bei diesen Ausführungsformen liegen die Schraubenfedern direkt auf dem Elastomer auf, d.h. ohne anvulkanisierte Metall-Kontaktflächen. Diese Federunterlagen besitzen in der Regel eine eingeformte Kontur zur Aufnahme/Fixierung der Stahlfeder.In car struts, as z. B. by the DE 10106915 C2 Combinations of steel springs and elastomer pads are also used to improve structure-borne noise insulation. In these embodiments, the coil springs rest directly on the elastomer, ie without vulcanized metal contact surfaces. These spring pads usually have a molded contour for receiving / fixing the steel spring.

Für einen besseren Fahrkomfort und um Verwindungen des Gleises befahren zu können, sind die Fahrwerke mit einer Federung versehen, wobei, wie oben bereits gesagt, sowohl die Achsen gegenüber dem Drehgestell gefedert sein können (Primärfederung) oder der Gestellrahmen gegenüber dem Wagenkasten gefedert sein kann (Sekundärfederung). Bei Güterwagendrehgestellen ist meist nur eine der genannten Federstufen ausgeführt, Reisezugwagen- und Lokomotivdrehgestelle haben meist beide Federstufen.For better driving comfort and to be able to negotiate twisting of the track, the bogies are provided with a suspension, whereby, as already mentioned above, both the axles can be sprung against the bogie (primary suspension) or the frame can be sprung against the car body ( Secondary suspension). In the case of freight car bogies, usually only one of the spring levels mentioned is implemented; passenger car and locomotive bogies usually have both spring levels.

Trotz des mittlerweile fortgeschrittenen Alters der Konstruktion ist das Drehgestell Y 25 heute das meistverwendete Güterwagen-Drehgestell und wird von diversen Herstellern fortlaufend neu gebaut, da dieses Drehgestell vergleichsweise einfach und kostengünstig zu fertigen ist.Despite the now advanced age of the design, the Y 25 bogie is the most used freight car bogie today and is continuously being rebuilt by various manufacturers, since this bogie is comparatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture.

Die oben genannte Lärmbelastung durch rollende Güterwagen mit solchen Fahrwerken ist jedoch nach wie vor hoch. Im öffentlichen Raum sowie in der Gesellschaft stößt der Lärm des Güterverkehrs zunehmend auf Widerstand. Dies drückt sich in einer lärmabhängigen Staffelung von Trassenpreisen sowie in gesetzlichen Vorgaben für Lärmgrenzen aus. Ein Umrüsten der vorhandenen Drehgestelle von Stahl- auf wirksamere Elastomerfedern ist aber in der Regel unwirtschaftlich, erst recht ein Umrüsten der Güterwagen auf Drehgestelle mit Elastomerfederung. Im Hinblick auf die lange Einsatzdauer von Güterwagen und die hohen Investitionen für Neufahrzeuge sehen sich die Halter dieser Fahrzeuge also in einem Zielkonflikt.However, the above-mentioned noise pollution caused by rolling freight wagons with such undercarriages remains high. The noise of freight traffic is increasingly encountering resistance in public spaces and in society. This is expressed in a noise-dependent grading of train path prices as well as in legal requirements for noise limits. Converting the existing bogies from steel to more effective elastomer springs is usually uneconomical, especially converting the freight wagons to bogies with elastomer suspension. With regard to the long service life of freight cars and the high investments for new vehicles, the owners of these vehicles see themselves as having a conflict of objectives.

Die DE 102 41 755 A1 offenbart hierzu die Verwendung verschiedener Arten von Schallschutzbeschichtungen und Schallschutzhauben, sowie auch die Verwendung von Elastomerscheiben zwischen den Radsatzlagern und den Radsatzfedern, um die Übertragung von Körperschall zu vermindern. Über die solcherart allgemeine Zusammenfassung verschiedener bekannter Maßnahmen zur Schallminderung in Form einer reinen Aggregation ist jedoch im Detail nichts über deren Wirkung gesagt.The DE 102 41 755 A1 discloses the use of different types of soundproofing coatings and soundproofing hoods, as well as the use of elastomeric washers between the wheelset bearings and the wheelset springs to reduce the transmission of structure-borne noise. However, nothing is said in detail about the effect of such a general summary of various known measures for sound reduction in the form of pure aggregation.

Die DE 1 199 634 offenbart eine Federaufhängung für Motorfahrzeuge mit einer axial zwischen einem gefederten und einem ungefederten Teil eines Fahrzeugs zusammendrückbaren Metallschraubenfeder, bei der zwischen einem Ende der Schraubenfeder und dem betreffenden Fahrzeugteil zur Geräuschdämpfung eine ringförmige Gummischeibe mit einem U- oder L förmigen Querschnitt angebracht ist. Die Gummischeibe weist in ihren Wandungen rechteckige Lufttaschen auf, die schwingungsdämpfend wirken sollen. Durch die rechteckigen Lufttaschen entstehen als Aufstands- und Kontaktfläche zu den umgebenden Anschlussbauteilen erhabene Stege in einer Gitterstruktur. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die axiale Verformbarkeit entlang der Gitterstruktur sehr inhomogen ist. Unter der axial wirkenden Kraft der Schraubenfeder werden die Stege quer zur Aufstandsfläche verformt. Es ist naheliegend, dass im Bereich der Kreuzungspunkte der Stege die Verformbarkeit stark behindert ist. Nachteiligerweise treten damit in den Kreuzungspunkten Spannungsspitzen auf, die unter den hohen Flächenpressungen und den um ca. Faktor 5 schwankenden Lasten im Güterwageneinsatz zum Ausfall führen können.The DE 1 199 634 discloses a spring suspension for motor vehicles with an axially compressible metal coil spring between a sprung and an unsprung part of a vehicle, in which an annular rubber washer with a U or L-shaped cross section is fitted between one end of the coil spring and the relevant vehicle part for noise reduction. The rubber disc has rectangular air pockets in its walls, which are supposed to dampen vibrations. The rectangular air pockets create raised webs in a lattice structure as a contact area and contact area to the surrounding connection components. The consequence of this is that the axial deformability along the lattice structure is very inhomogeneous. Under the axially acting force of the coil spring, the webs are deformed transversely to the contact surface. It is obvious that the deformability is severely hindered in the area of the crossing points of the webs. Disadvantageously, voltage peaks occur at the crossing points, which are below the high ones Surface pressures and the loads fluctuating by approx. A factor of 5 in freight wagon use can lead to failure.

Auch die EP 0 924 445 A2 offenbart eine als Scheibe ausgebildete Federunterlage für ein Federlager, insbesondere für ein Federlager eines Personenkraftwagens, mit einer in ein elastomeres Material eingebetteten Verstärkungseinlage. Die Verstärkungseinlage weist durch Ausnehmungen geteilte Zungen auf, wobei ein regelmäßig unterbrochener Kontakt mit der Feder entsteht.Also the EP 0 924 445 A2 discloses a spring washer designed as a disc for a spring bearing, in particular for a spring bearing of a passenger car, with a reinforcing insert embedded in an elastomeric material. The reinforcement insert has tongues divided by recesses, with a regularly interrupted contact with the spring.

Für die Erfindung bestand daher die Aufgabe, ein Schienenfahrwerk bereitzustellen, bei dem die Lärmbelastung der Umwelt deutlich reduziert wird. In diesem Sinne bestand die Aufgabe auch darin, die Konstruktion von bestehenden und üblicherweise verwendeten Schienenfahrwerken so zu verändern und umzubauen, dass eine verbesserte Körperschallisolierung erreicht wird, ohne dass komplizierte und teure Umbauten erforderlich sind und ohne die Gebrauchstüchtigkeit des mit dem Schienenfahrwerk ausgerüsteten Fahrzeugs einzuschränken.The object of the invention was therefore to provide a rail chassis in which the noise pollution of the environment is significantly reduced. In this sense, the task also consisted in changing and converting the construction of existing and commonly used rail bogies in such a way that improved structure-borne noise insulation is achieved without the need for complicated and expensive conversions and without restricting the usability of the vehicle equipped with the rail bogie.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart.This task is solved by the features of the main claim. Further advantageous developments are disclosed in the subclaims.

Dabei ist die kreisringförmige Scheibe im Querschnitt schichtförmig aus mehreren Lagen unterschiedlicher elastischer und/oder dämpfender Eigenschaften aufgebaut ist, wobei mindestens die außen liegenden Schichten der Scheibe aus elastomerem Material bestehen.In this case, the cross-section of the circular disk is layered and is made up of several layers of different elastic and / or damping properties, at least the outer layers of the disk being made of elastomeric material.

Hierdurch wird der metallische Kontakt zwischen der Stirnfläche der Schraubenfeder und dem Anschlussteil, also z.B. dem Achslagergehäuse/Radlagergehäuse unterbunden. Der physikalische Effekt der Körperschallisolierung liegt in der Hintereinanderschaltung von Bauteilen mit unterschiedlichem E-Modul und unterschiedlicher Dichte. So wird an der Grenzschicht zwischen dem in aller Regel metallischen Anschlussteil und der kreisringförmigen Scheibe aus elastomerem Material sowie zwischen der Scheibe und der Stahlfeder ein Teil der auftreffenden Körperschallwellen reflektiert und somit an der Weiterleitung Richtung Rahmen und Aufbau gehindert. Physikalisch beruht der Effekt auf dem Impedanzsprung an einer Grenzfläche zweier Bauteile aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen.As a result, the metallic contact between the end face of the helical spring and the connecting part, for example the axle bearing housing / wheel bearing housing, is prevented. The physical effect of structure-borne noise insulation lies in the series connection of components with different modulus of elasticity and different density. So at the boundary layer between the usually metallic connector and the annular disk made of elastomeric material and between the disk and the steel spring, a part of the structure-borne sound waves is reflected and thus at the Forwarding towards frame and body prevented. Physically, the effect is based on the jump in impedance at an interface of two components made of different materials.

Durch den im Querschnitt schichtförmigen Aufbau der kreisringförmigen Scheibe aus elastomerem Material entsteht der genannte physikalische Effekt auch innerhalb der Scheibendicke, nämlich durch eine vorteilhaften Kombination unterschiedlicher Elastomere bzw. unterschiedlicher Materialeigenschaften der einzelnen Schichten, wodurch die aufgabengemäße Körperschallisolierung weiter verstärkt wird.
Die Schraubenfeder ist dabei mit angebogenen und plan geschliffenen Endwindungen vorgesehen. Zwecks Nachrüstung der Scheiben wird der Gestellrahmen/Drehgestellrahmen angehoben, danach die lose aufliegenden Schraubenfedern von den Anschlussteilen gehoben oder gezogen und dann die kreisringförmigen Scheiben mittels vorhandener Führungselemente positioniert. Anschließend werden Federn und Rahmen wieder aufgesetzt.Due to the layered cross-sectional structure of the annular disc made of elastomeric material, the physical effect mentioned also occurs within the disc thickness, namely through an advantageous combination of different elastomers or different material properties of the individual layers, which further reinforces the structure-borne noise insulation according to the task.
The coil spring is provided with bent and flat ground end windings. To retrofit the washers, the frame / bogie frame is raised, then the loosely placed coil springs are lifted or pulled from the connecting parts and then the circular washers are positioned using existing guide elements. The springs and frame are then replaced.

Weiterhin ist mindestens eine der außen liegenden Schichten der Scheibe auf ihrer Außenseite mit einer Struktur oder Textur zur Vergleichmäßigung der zwischen Feder und Anschlussbauteil vorhandenen Flächenpressung versehen, vorzugsweise mit pyramidenstumpfförmigen, schachbrettartig angeordneten Vorsprüngen.Furthermore, at least one of the outer layers of the disk is provided on its outside with a structure or texture to even out the surface pressure between the spring and the connecting component, preferably with truncated pyramid-shaped, checkerboard-like projections.

Der Begriff "Textur" im Hinblick auf die hier angesprochene Oberflächengestaltung beinhaltet, ebenso wie der Begriff "Struktur", eine reliefartige oder mit Vorsprüngen/Rücksprüngen versehene Ausgestaltung der Oberfläche, aber auch eine Gestaltung durch formgebende oder abtragende Verfahren, beispielsweise durch Prägung. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Höhe der Textur oder Struktur kleiner als die Hälfte der Gesamtdicke der kreisringförmigen Scheibe ist, d.h. Höhe der Strukturelemente < 0,5 x Gesamtdicke.The term "texture" with regard to the surface design mentioned here, like the term "structure", includes a relief-like or surface design with projections / recesses, but also a design by means of shaping or ablation processes, for example by embossing. It is advantageous if the height of the texture or structure is less than half the total thickness of the annular disc, i.e. Height of the structural elements <0.5 x total thickness.

Durch eine solche Schicht mit strukturierter Oberfläche, wird die schallrelevante Kontaktfläche zum Metall verringert und gleichzeitig ein axiales Verformungsvermögen bereitgestellt, welches zu einer Vergleichmäßigung der Flächenpressung durch die Schraubenfeder führt. Hierzu ist die Struktur aus Elastomer und Aussparungen derart ausgebildet, dass sich um eine im Vergleich zu den Abmessungen der Scheibe kleinteilige Gliederung handelt, so dass sich bezogen auf die Fläche der Scheibe eine gleichförmige Verformbarkeit ergibt.Such a layer with a structured surface reduces the sound-relevant contact area to the metal and at the same time reduces axial deformation provided, which leads to an equalization of the surface pressure by the coil spring. For this purpose, the structure made of elastomer and recesses is designed in such a way that the structure is small in comparison to the dimensions of the disk, so that there is uniform deformability in relation to the area of the disk.

Eine Struktur aus pyramidenstumpfförmigen Vorsprüngen ist nicht die einzige Möglichkeit der Ausbildung einer strukturierten Oberfläche. Die Struktur auf der Außenseite kann zum Beispiel auch in Form von ineinander angeordneten Kreiszylindern bestehen, die zwecks Verformbarkeit zueinander beabstandet sind und so zur Vergleichmäßigung der zwischen Feder und Anschlussbauteil vorhandenen Flächenpressung beitragen. Ebenso sind weitere beliebige Formen einer erhabenen Struktur denkbar, die eine flächig-gleichmäßige Verformbarkeit gewährleisten.A structure of truncated pyramidal protrusions is not the only way to form a structured surface. The structure on the outside can, for example, also be in the form of circular cylinders arranged one inside the other, which are spaced apart from one another for the purpose of deformability and thus contribute to the uniformity of the surface pressure between the spring and the connecting component. Any other desired forms of a raised structure are also conceivable, which ensure flat, uniform deformability.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass mindestens eine Schicht der kreisringförmigen Scheibe mit Verstärkungselementen versehen ist, vorzugsweise mindestens die der Schraubenfeder zugewandte Außenschicht. Durch solche Verstärkungseinlagen kann die kreisringförmige Scheibe hohe Flächenlasten tragen, insbesondere dann, wenn beispielsweise die zum Anschlussteil weisende Schicht zusätzlich aus einem Elastomer hoher Härte besteht.An advantageous development consists in that at least one layer of the annular disk is provided with reinforcing elements, preferably at least the outer layer facing the helical spring. By means of such reinforcing inserts, the circular disc can carry high surface loads, in particular when, for example, the layer facing the connecting part additionally consists of an elastomer of high hardness.

Dies ist insbesondere dann auch einfach und vorteilhaft herstellbar, wenn die mit Verstärkungselementen versehene Schicht aus einem Elastomer besteht, welches mittels Faserbeimengung eine zusätzliche Strukturfestigkeit erhält.This is particularly easy and advantageous to manufacture if the layer provided with reinforcing elements consists of an elastomer which is given additional structural strength by adding fibers.

Denkbar ist natürlich auch die Einbettung eines Gewebes zwischen Schichten oder innerhalb einer Schicht, um die Festigkeit der kreisringförmigen Scheibe zu erhöhen.Of course, it is also conceivable to embed a fabric between layers or within a layer in order to increase the strength of the annular disk.

Die Kontaktfläche bzw. Druckfläche zwischen der Endwindung der Schraubenfeder aus Stahl und der kreisringförmigen Scheibe ist stark belastet. Dort kann zum Beispiel eine weitere Metallscheibe zwischen Feder und kreisringförmiger Elastomer-Scheibe angeordnet sein, um die Druckfläche zu vergrößern bzw. Druckspitzen zwischen der kreisringförmigen Scheibe und der üblicherweise angeschliffenen Endwindung der Schraubenfeder zu vermeiden.The contact surface or pressure surface between the end turn of the coil spring made of steel and the annular disc is heavily loaded. There can be, for example, another metal disc between the spring and the annular elastomer disc be arranged to increase the pressure area or to avoid pressure peaks between the annular disc and the usually ground end turn of the coil spring.

Auch kann die kreisringförmige Scheibe aus elastomerem Material einen Kragen oder zylindrischen Schaft aufweisen, um die Feder gegen die Führung eines Anschlussteils zu entkoppeln und auch in diesem Bereich eine Körperschallübertragung zu vermeiden.The annular disk made of elastomeric material can also have a collar or cylindrical shaft in order to decouple the spring against the guidance of a connecting part and also to avoid structure-borne noise transmission in this area.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung im Hinblick auf den bereits oben geschilderten Effekt der Körperschallisolierung besteht darin, dass die kreisringförmige Scheibe aus mehreren Schichten bzw. Lagen elastomeren Materials besteht, wobei das elastomere Material einen Modul von 1,5 bis 2,5 N/mm2 aufweist.A further advantageous embodiment with regard to the effect of structure-borne noise insulation already described above is that the circular disk consists of several layers or layers of elastomeric material, the elastomeric material having a modulus of 1.5 to 2.5 N / mm 2 .

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Dicke der kreisringförmigen Scheibe so ausgebildet ist, dass die Federsteifigkeit der Scheibe in axialer Richtung um mindestens zwei Zehnerpotenzen größer ist als die der Schraubenfeder. Da die Federsteife der Schraubenfeder maßgebend für die lauftechnischen Eigenschaften des Drehgestells ist, ist diese Maßgabe wichtig, um diese Eigenschaften nicht durch die Reihenschaltung von Schraubenfeder und Scheibe spürbar zu verändern.A further advantageous embodiment is that the thickness of the annular disk is designed such that the spring stiffness of the disk is greater in the axial direction by at least two powers of ten than that of the helical spring. Since the spring stiffness of the coil spring is decisive for the running properties of the bogie, this requirement is important so that these properties are not noticeably changed by connecting the coil spring and washer in series.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Dicke der kreisringförmigen Scheibe so ausgebildet ist, dass bei einer Schwingungsanregung eines der durch die Scheibe getrennten Bauteile, d.h. Feder oder Anschlussteil, im Frequenzbereich von 1000 Hz bis 8000 Hz sich keine stehenden Wellen in Dickenrichtung, d.h. normal zur Auflagefläche bzw. in Axialrichtung der Scheibe ausbilden können.A further advantageous embodiment consists in that the thickness of the annular disk is designed such that when one of the components separated by the disk is excited by vibration, i. Spring or connecting part, in the frequency range from 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz there are no standing waves in the thickness direction, i.e. can form normal to the contact surface or in the axial direction of the disc.

Dieser Frequenzbereich entspricht dem Intervall der Schallbewertungskurve dB (A), in dem der Korrekturfaktor nahezu null oder größer ist. Damit ist dieser Bereich in erster Linie maßgeblich für das menschliche Hörempfinden.This frequency range corresponds to the interval of the sound evaluation curve dB (A), in which the correction factor is almost zero or greater. This area is therefore primarily relevant to human hearing.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Dicke der kreisringförmigen Scheibe zwischen 5 und 12 mm liegt. Eine solche erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Dicke der Scheibe berücksichtigt auch die Restriktionen bezüglich des Lichtraumprofils des Fahrzeuges. Indem die kreisringförmigen Scheiben nämlich nachträglich zwischen Schraubenfeder und Anschlussteil gelegt werden, würde sich in dem Fall, dass die Primärlagerung betroffen und das Anschlussteil beispielsweise das Achslagergehäuse ist, die Höhe des Fahrzeuges sich um die Schichtdicke der Scheibe vergrößern, auch im eingefederten Zustand unter der Last aus der Schraubenfeder.Another advantageous embodiment is that the thickness of the annular disc is between 5 and 12 mm. Such a thickness of the pane designed according to the invention also takes into account the restrictions with regard to the clearance profile of the vehicle. By placing the annular disks subsequently between the coil spring and the connecting part, in the event that the primary bearing is affected and the connecting part is, for example, the axle bearing housing, the height of the vehicle would increase by the layer thickness of the disk, even in the spring-loaded state under the load from the coil spring.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht darin, dass die Achslagergehäuse mit Schraubenfedern in einem Gestellrahmen federnd gelagert sind und die kreisringförmige Scheibe jeweils zwischen der Schraubenfeder und ihrer Anlagefläche am Achslagergehäuse bzw. an dessen Anschlussbauteilen angeordnet ist. Damit ergibt sich eine einfache Möglichkeit des Austausches und Anwendung der erfinderischen Ausbildung bei den üblicherweise genutzten Fahrwerken. Damit ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung in einem als Drehgestellfahrwerk der Bauart Y 25 nach DIN EN 16235 ausgebildeten Fahrwerk sehr einfach dadurch zu realisieren, dass die entsprechenden kreisringförmigen Scheiben dort eingebaut werden.A further advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that the axle bearing housing is resiliently mounted with coil springs in a frame and the annular disk is arranged between the coil spring and its contact surface on the axle bearing housing or on its connecting components. This results in a simple possibility of exchanging and using the inventive design in the commonly used undercarriages. The embodiment according to the invention in a bogie designed as a bogie type Y 25 in accordance with DIN EN 16235 can thus be implemented very simply by installing the corresponding annular disks there.

Zusammengefasst besteht dann die Montage der Scheibe lediglich in der Platzierung an den Führungs- und Zentriereinrichtungen der Schraubenfeder (Primärfeder oder Sekundärfeder). Eine zusätzliche Befestigung entfällt. Umbauten am Drehgestell zur Aufnahme und Befestigung der Scheiben sind nicht erforderlich. Die geringe Dicke der Scheibe stellt sicher, dass das zulässige Lichtraumprofil nicht überschritten wird und dass die Axialfedersteife der Stahlfederung durch die Reihenschaltung mit der kreisringförmigen Scheibe aus Schichten von elastomerem Material nicht unzulässig reduziert wird. Dabei ist die geringe Setzung der Scheibe vernachlässigbar gegenüber der Setzung der Stahlfeder. Da es sich um eine Scheibe ohne anvulkanisierte Metallanschlussflächen handelt, sind eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung und eine geringe Bauhöhe gegeben. Der schichtförmige Aufbau erlaubt die Anpassung der Eigenschaften an die spezifischen Anforderungen der Schallisolierung einzelner Drehgestelltypen, eine Kombination von spezialisierten Effekten einzelner Schichten zu einem Gesamtbauteil, die Gestaltung einer stabilen Oberfläche zur Aufnahme der Belastung aus der Stahlfeder in Kombination mit mindestens einer weiteren Schicht zur wirksamen Körperschallisolierung sowie die die Ertüchtigung in Bezug auf hohe Flächenlasten durch Verstärkungseinlagen.In summary, the assembly of the disc consists only in the placement on the guiding and centering devices of the coil spring (primary spring or secondary spring). An additional attachment is not necessary. Modifications to the bogie to accommodate and attach the disks are not necessary. The small thickness of the disc ensures that the permissible clearance profile is not exceeded and that the axial spring stiffness of the steel suspension is not inadmissibly reduced by the series connection with the circular disc made of layers of elastomeric material. The low setting of the washer is negligible compared to the setting of the steel spring. Since it is a disc without vulcanized metal connection surfaces, it is economical to manufacture and has a low overall height. The layered structure allows the properties to be adapted to the specific requirements of the sound insulation of individual types of bogies Combination of specialized effects of individual layers to form an overall component, the design of a stable surface for absorbing the load from the steel spring in combination with at least one additional layer for effective structure-borne noise insulation, and the reinforcement in relation to high surface loads through reinforcement inserts.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
die Primärfederung des erfindungsgemäßen Schienenfahrwerks prinzipiell in einem vergrößerten Querschnitt,
Fig. 2
die Ansicht der Unterseite der kreisringförmigen Scheibe,
Fig. 3
eine vergrößerte Ansicht der Primärfederung gem. Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
die angebogene und plan geschliffene Endwindung der Primärfeder gem. Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
die Kontaktzone der kreisringförmigen Scheibe zur angebogenen und plan geschliffenen Endwindung gem. Fig.4,
Fig. 6
prinzipiell die wesentliche Teile eines Schienenfahrwerks für einen Güterwagen.
The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it
Fig. 1
the primary suspension of the rail undercarriage according to the invention in principle in an enlarged cross section,
Fig. 2
the view of the underside of the annular disc,
Fig. 3
an enlarged view of the primary suspension acc. Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 4
the bent and ground end winding of the primary spring acc. Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 5
the contact zone of the circular disc to the bent and flat ground end turn acc. Fig. 4 ,
Fig. 6
basically the essential parts of a rail carriage for a freight wagon.

Zum besseren Verständnis der Fig. 1 bis 5 sei zunächst auf die Fig. 6 hingewiesen, die prinzipiell die für die Erfindung wesentliche Teile eines Schienenfahrwerks für einen Güterwagen zeigt, nämlich ein Fahrwerk mit einem Drehgestellrahmen 16 mit in Achslagergehäusen 3 gelagerten Achsen 17, bei dem die Primärfederung so ausgebildet ist, dass die Achslagergehäuse 3 mit Schraubenfedern 2 aus Stahl am Gestellrahmen 16 gelagert sind.To better understand the 1 to 5 first be on the Fig. 6 pointed out, which in principle shows the parts of a rail carriage for a freight wagon essential for the invention, namely a carriage with a bogie frame 16 with axles 17 mounted in axle bearing housings 3, in which the primary suspension is designed such that the axle bearing housing 3 with coil springs 2 made of steel Rack frame 16 are mounted.

Fig. 1 zeigt die Primärfederung des erfindungsgemäßen Schienenfahrwerks prinzipiell in einem vergrößerten Querschnitt. Eine schallisolierende kreisringförmige Scheibe 1 ist zwischen der Schraubenfeder 2 und ihrer Anlagefläche am Achslagergehäuse 3 angeordnet. Die kreisringförmige Scheibe 1 ist im Querschnitt schichtförmig aus zwei Lagen 11 und 12 unterschiedlicher elastischer und oder dämpfender Eigenschaften aufgebaut und besteht aus elastomerem Material. Fig. 1 shows the primary suspension of the rail trolley according to the invention in principle in an enlarged cross section. A sound-insulating circular disk 1 is arranged between the coil spring 2 and its contact surface on the axle bearing housing 3. The circular disk 1 is layered in cross section from two layers 11 and 12 of different elastic and or damping properties constructed and made of elastomeric material.

Der Innendurchmesser 4 der kreisringförmigen Scheibe 1 ist derart dimensioniert, dass die Scheibe 1 mittels der Feder-Führungseinrichtung 5 des Achslagergehäuses 3 positionierbar ist. Die kreisringförmige Scheibe 1 besitzt einen zweischichtigen Aufbau. Die obere Schicht 11 besteht aus einem Elastomer hoher Härte ist und ist darüber hinaus mit Verstärkungselementen versehen, welches in Form einer Faserbeimengung aus Kohlefasern eine zusätzliche Strukturfestigkeit bereitstellt. Diese Schicht 11 hat zur Schraubenfeder 2 hin gerichtet eine ebene Oberfläche. Der Schichtaufbau ist in der Zusammenschau mit der Fig. 3 noch einmal deutlicher erkennbar.The inner diameter 4 of the annular disk 1 is dimensioned such that the disk 1 can be positioned by means of the spring guide device 5 of the axle bearing housing 3. The circular disc 1 has a two-layer structure. The upper layer 11 is made of an elastomer of high hardness and is also provided with reinforcing elements which, in the form of a fiber admixture made of carbon fibers, provide additional structural strength. This layer 11 has a flat surface facing the coil spring 2. The layer structure is in the synopsis with the Fig. 3 once again more clearly recognizable.

Die untere Schicht 12 weist auf ihrer Außenseite, also auf der Anlageseite zum Achslagergehäuse 3, eine Struktur zur Vergleichmäßigung der zwischen Feder und Anschlussbauteil vorhandenen Flächenpressung auf. Die Struktur besteht hier aus vorspringenden Quadern 13, die in der Oberfläche der unteren Schicht ausgebildet sind. Letztere ist festhaftend mit der oberen Schicht 11 verbunden. In der Fig. 2, die die Ansicht der kreisringförmigen Scheibe 1 von unten darstellt, ist die schachbrettartige Anordnung der Quader 13 gut erkennbar.The lower layer 12 has on its outer side, that is to say on the contact side with the axle bearing housing 3, a structure for equalizing the surface pressure between the spring and the connecting component. The structure here consists of projecting cuboids 13, which are formed in the surface of the lower layer. The latter is firmly bonded to the upper layer 11. In the Fig. 2 , which shows the view of the circular disc 1 from below, the checkered arrangement of the cuboids 13 is clearly visible.

Beide Schichten 11, 12 übernehmen unterschiedliche Teilaufgaben. Die kompakte und mit verstärkenden Fasern versehene obere Schicht 11 nimmt im Kontakt zur Schraubenfeder 2 die Tragkraft auf. Die Kontaktzone 8 besitzt in Folge der angebogenen und plan geschliffenen Endwindungen eine sichelförmige Ausprägung, wie in Fig. 4 und Fig. 5 zu erkennen. Die kompakte und biegesteife Ausbildung der oberen Schicht 11, sorgt dafür, dass die Kraft der Schraubenfeder aus der Kontaktzone 8 auf eine größere Fläche in der unteren Schicht 12 verteilt wird. Die vorspringenden Quader 13 erfahren und ermöglichen eine Deformation je nach örtlicher Belastung, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Ohne das gleichmäßige Verformungsvermögen der unteren Schicht 12 würden sich in Schicht 11 örtlich sehr hohe Spannungsspitzen einstellen.Both layers 11, 12 take on different subtasks. The compact upper layer 11, which is provided with reinforcing fibers, takes up the load-bearing capacity in contact with the helical spring 2. As a result of the bent and ground end windings, the contact zone 8 has a crescent shape, as in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 to recognize. The compact and rigid construction of the upper layer 11 ensures that the force of the coil spring from the contact zone 8 is distributed over a larger area in the lower layer 12. The projecting cuboids 13 experience and enable deformation depending on the local load, as in Fig. 3 shown. Without the uniform deformability of the lower layer 12, very high stress peaks would occur locally in layer 11.

Das Achslagergehäuse 3 und die Schraubenfeder 2 bestehen aus Metall, während die Scheibe 1, d.h. beide Schichten der Scheibe 1, aus Elastomer besteht. Durch diese Materialpaarung ergibt sich an den Grenzflächen 6 und 7 zur letzten Federwindung und zum Achslagergehäuse der gewünschte physikalische Effekt eines Impedanzsprungs, verbunden mit einer Teilreflexion des auftreffenden Körperschalls, der hier durch die skizzenhaft dargestellte Sinusschwingung 14 angedeutet werden soll. Durch die Teilreflexion an den Grenzschichten wird weniger Körperschall vom Achslagergehäuse 3 auf die Stahlfeder 2 übertragen und es ergibt sich ein reduziertes Körperschall-Niveau in den Fahrzeugstrukturen oberhalb der Schraubenfeder 2, d.h. hier im Gestellrahmen16. Der Körperschall im Gestellrahmen16 ist hier angedeutet durch die skizzenhaft dargestellte Sinusschwingung 15.The axle bearing housing 3 and the coil spring 2 are made of metal, while the disc 1, i.e. both layers of the disc 1, made of elastomer. This pairing of materials results in the desired physical effect of an impedance jump at the interfaces 6 and 7 to the last spring turn and to the axle bearing housing, combined with a partial reflection of the structure-borne noise that is to be indicated here by the sketched sine wave 14. Due to the partial reflection at the boundary layers, less structure-borne noise is transmitted from the axle bearing housing 3 to the steel spring 2 and there is a reduced structure-borne noise level in the vehicle structures above the coil spring 2, i.e. here in the rack 16. The structure-borne noise in the frame 16 is indicated here by the sketched sine wave 15.

Die Dicke der kreisringförmigen Scheibe 1 beträgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 8 mm.The thickness of the circular disc 1 is 8 mm in this embodiment.

Bei flächigen Isolierschichten treten Einbrüche in der Körperschallisolierung in Folge stehender Wellen innerhalb des Materials auf.In the case of two-dimensional insulation layers, breaks in the structure-borne sound insulation occur as a result of standing waves within the material.

Die Frequenzen fsw, bei denen sich diese stehenden Wellen ausbilden, hängen von der Materialstärke h und der Schallgeschwindigkeit v ab: fsw = v / 2 ∗ h

Figure imgb0001
The frequencies fsw at which these standing waves form depend on the material thickness h and the speed of sound v: fsw = v / 2nd ∗ H
Figure imgb0001

Bei der niedrigsten aller möglichen Frequenzen entspricht die Materialstärke h der halben Wellenlänge λ: h = ½ ∗ λ

Figure imgb0002
At the lowest of all possible frequencies, the material thickness h corresponds to half the wavelength λ: H = ½ ∗ λ
Figure imgb0002

Für eine mittlere Schallgeschwindigkeit im Elastomer von v = 200 m/s liegt der erste Einbruch in der Körperschallisolierung für 5 mm Schichtdicke bei 20kHz und damit weit außerhalb des Frequenzbereiches 1000Hz bis 8000Hz, welcher über den Korrekturfaktor der Schallbewertungskurve dB (A) als kritisch anzusehen ist. Für 12 mm wäre die untere Frequenz für stehende Wellen bei 8333 Hz. Somit ist die Dicke von 8 mm eine gut bemessene Ausbildung, um den unangenehmen Körperschall zu reduzieren.For an average speed of sound in the elastomer of v = 200 m / s, the first drop in structure-borne sound insulation for a 5 mm layer thickness is 20 kHz and thus far outside the frequency range 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz, which is to be regarded as critical via the correction factor of the sound evaluation curve dB (A) . The lower one would be for 12 mm Frequency for standing waves at 8333 Hz. Thus, the thickness of 8 mm is a well-designed training to reduce the unpleasant structure-borne noise.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

(Teil der Beschreibung)

1
kreisringförmige Scheibe
2
Schraubenfeder
3
Achslagergehäuse
4
Innendurchmesser der kreisringförmige Scheibe
5
Feder-Führungseinrichtung
6
Grenzfläche
7
Grenzfläche
8
Kontaktzone
9
---
10
---
11
Obere Schicht der kreisringförmigen Scheibe
12
Untere Schicht kreisringförmigen Scheibe
13
Struktur in Form quaderförmiger Vorsprünge
14
Sinusschwingung, Körperschall im Achslagergehäuse
15
Sinusschwingung, Körperschall im Gestellrahmen
16
Gestellrahmen
17
Achse
(Part of the description)
1
circular disc
2nd
Coil spring
3rd
Axle bearing housing
4th
Inner diameter of the circular disc
5
Spring guiding device
6
Interface
7
Interface
8th
Contact zone
9
---
10
---
11
Top layer of the circular disc
12th
Lower layer of circular disc
13
Structure in the form of cuboid protrusions
14
Sinusoidal vibration, structure-borne noise in the axle bearing housing
15
Sinusoidal vibration, structure-borne noise in the frame
16
Frame
17th
axis

Claims (9)

  1. Railway bogie, in particular a bogie for a goods wagon, having axles which are mounted in axle bearing housings (3), wherein a suspension having coil springs (2) from steel is provided between the axle bearing housings (3) and the wagon superstructure or the wagon body, respectively, wherein an annular soundproofing disc (1) comprising an elastomer material is disposed between the coil spring and at least one of the bearing faces of the latter on the respective connecting part, characterized in that the annular disc (1) in the cross section is constructed in layers from a plurality of tiers or layers (11, 12) of dissimilar elastic and/or damping properties, wherein at least the external layers of the disc are composed of an elastomer material, wherein at least one of the external layers of the annular disc (1) on the external side of said layers, thus on the side bearing toward the axle bearing housing (3), is provided with a structure (13) or texture, preferably having projections in the shape of a truncated pyramid which are disposed in the manner of a checkerboard, for homogenizing the contact pressure per unit area present between the spring and the connecting part.
  2. Railway bogie according to Claim 1, wherein at least one layer of the annular disc (1), preferably at least the external layer facing the coil spring, is provided with reinforcement elements.
  3. Railway bogie according to Claim 2, wherein the layer provided with reinforcement elements is composed of an elastomer comprising added fibres.
  4. Railway bogie according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the annular disc (1) is composed of a plurality of layers (11, 12) or tiers, respectively, of an elastomer material, wherein the elastomer material has a modulus of 1.5 to 2.5 N/mm2.
  5. Railway bogie according to one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the annular disc (1) is configured such that the spring constant of the disc in the axial direction is higher than that of the coil spring by at least two orders of magnitude.
  6. Railway bogie according to one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the thickness of the annular disc (1) is configured such that, when exciting vibrations in the frequency range from 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz in one of the components which is separated by the disc, no stationary waves can form in the thickness direction, or in the axial direction, respectively, of the disc.
  7. Railway bogie according to Claim 6, wherein the thickness of the annular disc (1) is between 5 and 12 mm.
  8. Railway bogie according to one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the axle bearing housing (3) are mounted so as to be sprung by way of coil springs (2) in a rack frame (16), and the annular disc (1) is in each case disposed between the coil spring (2) and the bearing face of the latter on the axle bearing housing (3), or on the connecting parts of the latter, respectively.
  9. Railway bogie according to one of Claims 1 to 8, configured as a bogie of the construction type Y 25.
EP18182331.1A 2017-10-26 2018-07-09 Railway bogie Active EP3476687B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017219194.5A DE102017219194A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 track undercarriage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3476687A1 EP3476687A1 (en) 2019-05-01
EP3476687B1 true EP3476687B1 (en) 2020-07-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18182331.1A Active EP3476687B1 (en) 2017-10-26 2018-07-09 Railway bogie

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EP (1) EP3476687B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017219194A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1199634B (en) 1960-10-26 1965-08-26 Gomma Antivibranti Applic Spring suspension for motor vehicles with a metal coil spring that can be compressed axially between a sprung and an unsprung part of the vehicle, with a rubber washer being attached at least between one end of the spring and the relevant vehicle part for noise dampening
DE29722552U1 (en) * 1997-12-19 1998-02-19 Trelleborg GmbH, 24539 Neumünster Feather pad
DE10106915C2 (en) 2001-02-15 2003-02-13 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh suspension arrangement
DE10124976C2 (en) * 2001-05-21 2003-11-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Spring pad
DE10241755A1 (en) 2002-09-10 2004-03-18 Elh Eisenbahnlaufwerke Halle Gmbh & Co. Kg Goods wagon bogie has high-friction insulating coating, made from polymer, especially polyurethane, on wheels
CN106800029B (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-10-16 中车长江车辆有限公司 Roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar axle-box positioning device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
EP3476687A1 (en) 2019-05-01
DE102017219194A1 (en) 2019-05-02

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