EP3395746B1 - Chain hoist - Google Patents

Chain hoist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3395746B1
EP3395746B1 EP18165582.0A EP18165582A EP3395746B1 EP 3395746 B1 EP3395746 B1 EP 3395746B1 EP 18165582 A EP18165582 A EP 18165582A EP 3395746 B1 EP3395746 B1 EP 3395746B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chain
chain hoist
shaft
threaded washer
housing
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EP18165582.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3395746A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus C. Uebel
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Heinrich de Fries GmbH
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Heinrich de Fries GmbH
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Publication of EP3395746A1 publication Critical patent/EP3395746A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/12Chain or like hand-operated tackles with or without power transmission gearing between operating member and lifting rope, chain or cable
    • B66D3/14Chain or like hand-operated tackles with or without power transmission gearing between operating member and lifting rope, chain or cable lever operated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/12Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with axial effect
    • B66D5/14Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with axial effect embodying discs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/32Detent devices
    • B66D5/34Detent devices having latches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chain hoist for lifting, lowering and pulling loads according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Components of such a chain hoist as in a typical design of the DE 33 23 110 A1 is known, provided with a hook as an abutment element housing, a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein, a drive shaft coupled to the drive lever, and a rotatable by the drive shaft in sprocket over which is provided with a hook load chain of the chain hoist.
  • the drive lever can be coupled to the drive shaft via a ratchet mechanism.
  • chain hoists usually have a freewheel, by the switching of which the drive shaft is decoupled from the drive lever or the ratchet mechanism.
  • the DE 33 23 110 A1 discloses the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • chain hoists are used to raise or lower loads.
  • Generic chain hoists also have a manually switchable freewheel. In freewheeling position, the chain can be pulled freely in one direction or the other.
  • chain hoists have an automatically acting load pressure brake. This is a mechanism that prevents the freewheel from starting when a load is still hanging on the sprocket and therefore a minimum torque is applied to the drive shaft. The load pressure brake prevents the drive shaft and thus the weight load from being released by accidentally switching on the freewheel.
  • the invention has for its object to make a contribution by technical measures on the chain hoist to defuse dangerous albeit rare extreme situations, as they can occur especially when the freewheel.
  • Such a chain hoist is characterized by an integrated, load pressure and speed-dependent brake.
  • the speed is limited, with which the load chain in the case of activated freewheel device, can out-roar. Too rapid noise of the load chain is associated with the risk that their other, free end begins to beat (whip effect), thereby endangering people.
  • the freewheel device is designed to increase the axial distance between the threaded disk and the drive shaft arranged on the central shaft by rotating the threaded disk on the external thread of the central shaft.
  • the spring is a centrifugal elements together enclosing annular spring. This allows a simple design with few items and low imbalances in operation.
  • the centrifugal elements are arranged in radially outwardly open recesses of the threaded disc.
  • the centrifugal elements are circumferentially supported against walls of the recesses to ensure the rotationally fixed arrangement of the centrifugal elements with respect to the threaded disc.
  • Part of the chain hoist is inter alia a housing 1, which is composed of a plurality of housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and other housing parts.
  • the housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are interconnected by bolts 3 which pass through openings near the outer edges of the housing plates.
  • the bolts 3 are arranged parallel to one another and guided transversely through the housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, whereby the housing plates are pulled against each other and connected with further housing parts in total to a housing 1 which is closed towards the outside.
  • an abutment element in the form of a secured by a carabiner hook 5 is fixed so that the hook 5 is tensile strength, but pivotally connected to the housing 1.
  • a drive shaft 10 arranged on a central axis A passes.
  • the drive shaft 10 is rotatably mounted in at least some of the housing plates.
  • a drive lever 11 is present at one end of the chain hoist, which is provided at its free end with a rubberized handle.
  • the drive lever 11 is coupled via gear elements and partly also locking elements with the drive shaft 10 to enable by pivoting the drive lever, the drive shaft 10 in rotation.
  • a ratchet mechanism of two movable pawls is formed in such a way that the drive lever 11 entrains the drive shaft 10 by means of a pawl when rotated in the one circumferential direction, but decouples this pawl when rotated in the opposite direction, and then blocks another pawl instead.
  • a freewheel device 12 serves for rotational decoupling of the drive shaft 10 so that it can normally rotate freely.
  • the freewheel device is first released via a switching lever 13 on the drive lever 11, and then switched on via a coaxially arranged on the shaft 10 shift knob 14.
  • the shift knob 14 is first tightened slightly in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 10, and then rotated, whereby the freewheel turns on.
  • the drive shaft 10 is provided with a pinion, which is part of a reduction gear 15.
  • the transmission 15 is in a transmission housing connected to the first housing plate 2 A and transmits the rotation of the drive shaft 10 in a slower rotation of a transmission output shaft.
  • the gear output shaft is in turn rotationally fixed to a sprocket 17.
  • the sprocket 17 is located between the housing plates 2A and 2B and preferably rotates coaxially with the shaft 10, but at a different speed.
  • the sprocket 17 may be mounted via a rolling bearing on the centrally passing through the sprocket 17 drive shaft 10.
  • the sprocket 17 is provided with evenly distributed over its circumference mold recesses for the individual chain links formed as a link chain load chain 20.
  • a towing hook 21 At one end of the load chain 20 is provided with a towing hook 21, which may be secured with a carabiner.
  • a blocking block At the other end of the load chain 20 shown only schematically in the drawing, a blocking block can be attached, which prevents complete release of the load chain 20 of the sprocket 17.
  • the threaded disc 22 is provided with an internal thread which is screwed to an external thread 23 of the shaft 10.
  • This screw is preferably a multi-start screw with a relatively large pitch, whereby the threaded disc 22 is relatively easy to screw against the shaft 10.
  • the threaded disc 22 is provided with teeth of a drive toothing 26.
  • the drive teeth 26 can engage a switchable pawl 27 which is formed on the switching lever 13, which in turn is arranged on the manual drive lever 11.
  • the drive lever 11 is here so the actual force-applying element.
  • the pawl 27 is connected either in one direction of rotation, or in the other direction of rotation with the drive teeth 26, or the ratchet teeth of the pawl 27 are in the Freewheeling position of the freewheel device 12, completely out of engagement with the drive teeth 26th
  • the threaded disc 22 is also part of a brake, which mainly serves as a load pressure brake.
  • a brake disk 25 which is arranged axially between a driving surface 22A formed on the threaded disk 22 and a drive surface 10A.
  • the brake disk 25 has a first braking surface directed against the driving surface 10A, and toward the other side a second braking surface directed against the driving surface 22A of the rotating disk 22.
  • the drive surface 10A is either part of the shaft 10, or rotatably in a suitable manner to the shaft 10.
  • On both sides of the brake disc 25 may be arranged additional, the braking effect improving friction, as shown in Fig. 3 is reproduced.
  • ratchet teeth 25A Distributed over the circumference of the brake disk 25, this is provided with ratchet teeth 25A.
  • the ratchet teeth 25A are formed for a one-sided blocking engagement of a pawl 28 mounted on the housing 1. Instead of a pawl 28 and two such pawls 28 may be present.
  • the chain hoist has a freewheel device 12 with self-acting load pressure brake. Both are in details z. B. in the DE 33 23 110 A1 to which reference is made.
  • the load pressure brake regardless of the operation of the shift knob 14 of the freewheel device 12, the actual freewheel of the shaft 10 then and as long as the sprocket 17 still has a minimum load, and therefore at the central shaft 10 is applied a corresponding torque. Therefore, the load pressure brake operates as far as the shaft 10 still acts a certain minimum torque and prevents in this way that by accidentally switching on the freewheel the central shaft 10 and thus the hanging on the tow hook 21 weight load is released.
  • the chain hoist has an additional safety device in addition to the load pressure brake.
  • This consists of two arranged on the threaded disc 22 and rotating at the speed of the threaded disc centrifugal elements 31, 32.
  • the centrifugal elements 31, 32 are, against a spring force, until it rests against a Threaded disc 22 coaxially surrounding braking surface 33 is movable.
  • This braking surface 33 is formed on the inside of the housing 1.
  • the braking surface 33 is located on the cylindrical inner wall of a housing ring 35, which is integrally fixed to the housing plate 2C and has a smaller diameter than the rest of the housing plate 2C.
  • the safety device operates with a total of two centrifugally extending radially to each other centrifugal elements 31, 32, each extending over slightly less than half the circumference of the threaded disc 22.
  • the centrifugal elements 31, 32 are mounted in recesses of the threaded disc 22.
  • centrifugal elements 31, 32 are movable outwardly according to the magnitude of the centrifugal forces. By contrast, they are supported by means of corresponding rigid stops in the circumferential direction and therefore rotationally fixed with respect to the threaded disc 22nd
  • the centrifugal elements 31, 32 are connected to each other by an annular spring 39 guided around them.
  • the strength of this spring 39 determines the speed at which the centrifugal elements abut at high speeds of more than 250 U / min and preferably more than 400 U / min against the housing-fixed, cylindrical braking surface 33, and therefore the threaded disc 22 is braked.
  • the sudden deceleration of the threaded disc 22 is unable to follow the shaft 10 rotating at high torque and high speed about the axis A due to its own inertia and the inertia of the masses rotating together with the shaft 10. It comes in no time, namely in fractions of a second, to a relative rotation between the - still - rotating shaft 10 and stopped abruptly Threaded disc 22. As a result draws in a very short time, the helical, still rotating external thread 23, the threaded disc 22 in the direction of the brake disc 25. The brake closes, as if the load pressure brake suddenly activated.
  • the advantage of the chain hoist described here is that a load pressure and speed-dependent brake is provided.
  • the speed at which the load chain 20 can escape, even in the case of activated freewheel device, is limited. Above all, a faster and faster moving load chain 20 is prevented, with the risk that its other end will begin to beat (whip effect), thereby endangering persons in the vicinity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kettenzug für das Heben, Senken und Ziehen von Lasten nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a chain hoist for lifting, lowering and pulling loads according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Bestandteile eines solchen Kettenzuges, wie er in einer typischen Bauart aus der DE 33 23 110 A1 bekannt ist, sind ein mit einem Haken als Widerlagerelement versehenes Gehäuse, eine darin drehbar gelagerte Antriebswelle, ein mit der Antriebswelle koppelbarer Antriebshebel, sowie ein durch die Antriebswelle in Drehung versetzbares Kettenrad, über das die mit einem Haken versehene Lastkette des Kettenzugs geführt ist. Der Antriebshebel ist mit der Antriebswelle über einen Ratschenmechanismus koppelbar. Ferner weisen derartige Kettenzüge üblicherweise einen Freilauf auf, durch dessen Einschalten die Antriebswelle von dem Antriebshebel bzw. dem Ratschenmechanismus entkoppelt wird. Die DE 33 23 110 A1 offenbart den Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1.Components of such a chain hoist, as in a typical design of the DE 33 23 110 A1 is known, provided with a hook as an abutment element housing, a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein, a drive shaft coupled to the drive lever, and a rotatable by the drive shaft in sprocket over which is provided with a hook load chain of the chain hoist. The drive lever can be coupled to the drive shaft via a ratchet mechanism. Furthermore, such chain hoists usually have a freewheel, by the switching of which the drive shaft is decoupled from the drive lever or the ratchet mechanism. The DE 33 23 110 A1 discloses the preamble of independent claim 1.

Primär werden diese Kettenzüge dazu eingesetzt, Lasten anzuheben oder abzusenken. Dazu wird im Fall eines handbetriebenen Kettenzuges dessen Antriebshebel hin- und hergeschwenkt, wobei durch den integrierten Ratschenmechanismus das Kettenrad nur bei der einen Bewegung sukzessive weitergedreht wird, und so die Lastkette mit der daran hängenden Gewichtslast anhebt bzw. absenkt. Gattungsgemäße Kettenzüge verfügen zudem über einen von Hand einschaltbaren Freilauf. In der Freilaufstellung lässt sich die Kette in die eine oder in die andere Richtung frei durchziehen. Zusätzlich verfügen derartige Kettenzüge über eine selbsttätig wirkende Lastdruckbremse. Dies ist ein Mechanismus, der ein Einschalten des Freilaufs dann verhindert, wenn an dem Kettenrad noch eine Last hängt und daher an der Antriebswelle ein Mindestdrehmoment anliegt. Die Lastdruckbremse verhindert, dass durch ein versehentliches Einschalten des Freilaufs die Antriebswelle und damit die Gewichtslast freigegeben wird.Primarily, these chain hoists are used to raise or lower loads. For this purpose, in the case of a hand-operated chain hoist whose drive lever is pivoted back and forth, wherein the sprocket is successively rotated only by the one movement by the integrated ratchet mechanism, and thus raises or lowers the load chain with the weight load hanging thereon. Generic chain hoists also have a manually switchable freewheel. In freewheeling position, the chain can be pulled freely in one direction or the other. In addition, such chain hoists have an automatically acting load pressure brake. This is a mechanism that prevents the freewheel from starting when a load is still hanging on the sprocket and therefore a minimum torque is applied to the drive shaft. The load pressure brake prevents the drive shaft and thus the weight load from being released by accidentally switching on the freewheel.

Dieselben Kettenzüge werden häufig auch für andere Lastaufgaben eingesetzt. Ein Beispiel sind Montagearbeiten an Überland-Stromleitungen. Bei der Installation der Stromleitungen müssen diese zunächst gespannt, und dann an Stromisolatoren eingehängt werden. Solche Arbeiten können aufgrund der besonderen Örtlichkeiten nur von Monteuren durchgeführt werden. Dabei hat es Extremsituationen vor allem beim Auftreten starker Windböen gegeben, in denen nach dem Einschalten des Freilaufs, da keine Last mehr anlag, gleichwohl Zugkräfte in der Lastkette auftraten, möglicherweise aufgrund eines Hin- und Herschlagens des Kettenzuges, verbunden mit einem Ausrauschen der Kette. Erfolgte dieses Ausrauschen mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit, kam es zusätzlich zu dem Effekt eines heftigen Schlagens des freien Kettenendes (Peitscheneffekt), verbunden mit einer erheblichen Verletzungsgefahr für den Monteur.The same chain hoists are often used for other load tasks. An example is installation work on overhead power lines. When installing the power lines, they must first be tensioned, and then hooked to current insulators. Such work can only be carried out by fitters due to the special location. There have been extreme situations especially in the presence of strong gusts of wind, in which after switching on the freewheel, since no more load, but still pulling forces occurred in the load chain, possibly due to a back and forth of the chain hoist, associated with a noise of the chain. In addition, when this noise was generated with increasing speed, there was the effect of a violent knocking of the free chain end (whip effect), associated with a considerable risk of injury to the fitter.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, durch technische Maßnahmen an dem Kettenzug einen Beitrag zu leisten, um gefährliche wenngleich nur seltene Extremsituationen zu entschärfen, wie sie vor allem bei eingeschaltetem Freilauf eintreten können.The invention has for its object to make a contribution by technical measures on the chain hoist to defuse dangerous albeit rare extreme situations, as they can occur especially when the freewheel.

Hierzu wird ein Kettenzug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen.For this purpose, a chain hoist with the features of claim 1 is proposed.

Ein solcher Kettenzug zeichnet sich durch eine integrierte, lastdruck- und geschwindigkeitsabhängige Bremse aus. Insbesondere ist die Geschwindigkeit begrenzt, mit der die Lastkette im Fall aktivierter Freilaufeinrichtung, ausrauschen kann. Ein zu schnelles Ausrauschen der Lastkette ist verbunden mit der Gefahr, dass deren anderes, freies Ende zu schlagen beginnt (Peitscheneffekt), und dabei Personen gefährdet.Such a chain hoist is characterized by an integrated, load pressure and speed-dependent brake. In particular, the speed is limited, with which the load chain in the case of activated freewheel device, can out-roar. Too rapid noise of the load chain is associated with the risk that their other, free end begins to beat (whip effect), thereby endangering people.

Die Freilaufeinrichtung ist dazu ausgebildet, durch Verdrehen der Gewindescheibe auf dem Außengewinde der zentralen Welle den axialen Abstand zwischen der Gewindescheibe und der an der zentralen Welle angeordneten Antriebsfläche zu vergrößern.The freewheel device is designed to increase the axial distance between the threaded disk and the drive shaft arranged on the central shaft by rotating the threaded disk on the external thread of the central shaft.

Von Vorteil hinsichtlich auftretender Unwuchten ist, wenn zwei oder mehr Zentrifugalelemente vorhanden sind, welche voneinander weg nach außen aufweitbar angeordnet sind.It is advantageous in terms of occurring imbalances, if there are two or more centrifugal elements, which are arranged away from each other outwardly expandable.

Bei Verwendung zweier bzw. mehrerer Zentrifugalelemente ist von Vorteil, wenn die Feder eine die Zentrifugalelemente gemeinsam umschließende Ringfeder ist. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Bauweise mit wenigen Einzelteilen und geringen Unwuchten im Betrieb.When using two or more centrifugal elements is advantageous if the spring is a centrifugal elements together enclosing annular spring. This allows a simple design with few items and low imbalances in operation.

Vorzugsweise sind die Zentrifugalelemente in nach radial außen offenen Ausnehmungen der Gewindescheibe angeordnet. Die Zentrifugalelemente sind in Umfangsrichtung gegen Wände der Ausnehmungen abgestützt, um die drehfeste Anordnung der Zentrifugalelemente in Bezug auf die Gewindescheibe sicherzustellen.Preferably, the centrifugal elements are arranged in radially outwardly open recesses of the threaded disc. The centrifugal elements are circumferentially supported against walls of the recesses to ensure the rotationally fixed arrangement of the centrifugal elements with respect to the threaded disc.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines auf der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Kettenzug in handbetriebener Bauweise mit Antriebshebel, einem mehrteiligen Gehäuse in dem sich unter anderem befinden ein Ratschenmechanismus, ein Untersetzungsgetriebe, eine Freilaufeinrichtung mit Lastdruckbremse und eine zusätzliche Sicherheitseinrichtung;
Fig. 2
einzelne Komponenten des Kettenzuges in einer Explosionsdarstellung, und
Fig. 3
einen Teillängsschnitt in der Ebene der Antriebswelle des Kettenzuges.
Further advantages and details emerge from the following description of an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a chain hoist in hand-operated design with drive lever, a multi-part housing in which, inter alia, are a ratchet mechanism, a reduction gear, a freewheel device with load pressure brake and an additional safety device;
Fig. 2
individual components of the chain hoist in an exploded view, and
Fig. 3
a partial longitudinal section in the plane of the drive shaft of the chain hoist.

Bestandteil des Kettenzuges ist unter anderem ein Gehäuse 1, welches sich aus mehreren Gehäuseplatten 2A, 2B, 2C und 2D sowie weiteren Gehäuseteilen zusammensetzt. Die Gehäuseplatten 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D sind durch Bolzen 3 miteinander verbunden, die durch Öffnungen nahe der Außenränder der Gehäuseplatten hindurchführen. Die Bolzen 3 sind parallel zueinander angeordnet und quer durch die Gehäuseplatten 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D hindurch geführt, wodurch die Gehäuseplatten gegeneinander gezogen und mit dazwischen angeordneten, weiteren Gehäuseteilen insgesamt zu einem nach außen hin geschlossenen Gehäuse 1 verbunden sind.Part of the chain hoist is inter alia a housing 1, which is composed of a plurality of housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and other housing parts. The housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are interconnected by bolts 3 which pass through openings near the outer edges of the housing plates. The bolts 3 are arranged parallel to one another and guided transversely through the housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, whereby the housing plates are pulled against each other and connected with further housing parts in total to a housing 1 which is closed towards the outside.

Zwischen den beiden Gehäuseplatten 2A und 2B ist ein Widerlagerelement in Gestalt eines durch einen Karabiner gesicherten Hakens 5 so befestigt, dass der Haken 5 zugfest, aber schwenkbar mit dem Gehäuse 1 verbunden ist.Between the two housing plates 2A and 2B, an abutment element in the form of a secured by a carabiner hook 5 is fixed so that the hook 5 is tensile strength, but pivotally connected to the housing 1.

Durch zentrale Öffnungen in den Gehäuseplatten 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D führt eine auf einer zentralen Achse A angeordnete Antriebswelle 10 hindurch. Die Antriebswelle 10 ist in zumindest einigen der Gehäuseplatten drehbar gelagert.By means of central openings in the housing plates 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, a drive shaft 10 arranged on a central axis A passes. The drive shaft 10 is rotatably mounted in at least some of the housing plates.

Um für den Betrieb des Kettenzugs die Antriebswelle 10 in Drehung zu versetzen, ist an einem Ende des Kettenzugs ein Antriebshebel 11 vorhanden, welcher an seinem freien Ende mit einem gummierten Handgriff versehen ist. Der Antriebshebel 11 ist über Getriebeelemente und teils auch Sperrelemente mit der Antriebswelle 10 koppelbar, um durch Schwenken des Antriebshebels die Antriebswelle 10 in Drehung zu versetzen. Ein Ratschenmechanismus aus zwei beweglichen Sperrklinken ist in der Weise ausgebildet, dass der Antriebshebel 11 bei seiner Drehung in die eine Umfangsrichtung die Antriebswelle 10 mittels einer Sperrklinke mitnimmt, hingegen bei Drehung in die entgegengesetzte Richtung diese Sperrklinke entkoppelt, und stattdessen dann eine andere Sperrklinke sperrt.In order to put the drive shaft 10 in rotation for the operation of the chain hoist, a drive lever 11 is present at one end of the chain hoist, which is provided at its free end with a rubberized handle. The drive lever 11 is coupled via gear elements and partly also locking elements with the drive shaft 10 to enable by pivoting the drive lever, the drive shaft 10 in rotation. A ratchet mechanism of two movable pawls is formed in such a way that the drive lever 11 entrains the drive shaft 10 by means of a pawl when rotated in the one circumferential direction, but decouples this pawl when rotated in the opposite direction, and then blocks another pawl instead.

Eine Freilaufeinrichtung 12 dient zur Drehentkopplung der Antriebswelle 10, so dass diese normalerweise frei drehen kann. Die Freilaufeinrichtung wird über einen Umschalthebel 13 am Antriebshebel 11 zunächst nur freigegeben, und dann über einen koaxial auf der Welle 10 angeordneten Schaltknauf 14 eingeschaltet. Dazu wird der Schaltknauf 14 zunächst in Längsrichtung der Welle 10 etwas angezogen, und dann gedreht, wodurch der Freilauf einschaltet.A freewheel device 12 serves for rotational decoupling of the drive shaft 10 so that it can normally rotate freely. The freewheel device is first released via a switching lever 13 on the drive lever 11, and then switched on via a coaxially arranged on the shaft 10 shift knob 14. For this purpose, the shift knob 14 is first tightened slightly in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 10, and then rotated, whereby the freewheel turns on.

An ihrem anderen, auf der Zeichnung jeweils links dargestellten Ende ist die Antriebswelle 10 mit einem Ritzel versehen, welches Bestandteil eines Untersetzungsgetriebes 15 ist. Das Getriebe 15 befindet sich in einem mit der ersten Gehäuseplatte 2A verbundenen Getriebegehäuse und überträgt die Drehung der Antriebswelle 10 in eine langsamere Drehung einer Getriebe-Ausgangswelle. Die Getriebe-Ausgangswelle wiederum ist drehfest zu einem Kettenrad 17. Das Kettenrad 17 befindet sich zwischen den Gehäuseplatten 2A und 2B und dreht sich vorzugsweise koaxial zu der Welle 10, jedoch mit anderer Drehzahl. Hierzu kann das Kettenrad 17 über eine Wälzlagerung auf der zentral durch das Kettenrad 17 hindurchführenden Antriebswelle 10 gelagert sein.At its other end, shown on the left side of the drawing, the drive shaft 10 is provided with a pinion, which is part of a reduction gear 15. The transmission 15 is in a transmission housing connected to the first housing plate 2 A and transmits the rotation of the drive shaft 10 in a slower rotation of a transmission output shaft. The gear output shaft is in turn rotationally fixed to a sprocket 17. The sprocket 17 is located between the housing plates 2A and 2B and preferably rotates coaxially with the shaft 10, but at a different speed. For this purpose, the sprocket 17 may be mounted via a rolling bearing on the centrally passing through the sprocket 17 drive shaft 10.

Das Kettenrad 17 ist mit gleichmäßig über seinen Umfang verteilten Formausnehmungen für die einzelnen Kettenglieder einer als Gliederkette ausgebildeten Lastkette 20 versehen. An ihrem einen Ende ist die Lastkette 20 mit einem Zughaken 21 versehen, der mit einem Karabiner gesichert sein kann. An dem anderen Ende der auf der Zeichnung nur schematisch dargestellten Lastkette 20 kann ein Sperrblock befestigt sein, welcher ein vollständiges Lösen der Lastkette 20 von dem Kettenrad 17 verhindert.The sprocket 17 is provided with evenly distributed over its circumference mold recesses for the individual chain links formed as a link chain load chain 20. At one end of the load chain 20 is provided with a towing hook 21, which may be secured with a carabiner. At the other end of the load chain 20 shown only schematically in the drawing, a blocking block can be attached, which prevents complete release of the load chain 20 of the sprocket 17.

Um die Welle 10 herum ist eine Gewindescheibe 22 angeordnet. Die Gewindescheibe 22 ist mit einem Innengewinde versehen, welches mit einem Außengewinde 23 der Welle 10 verschraubt ist. Diese Verschraubung ist vorzugsweise eine mehrgängige Verschraubung mit relativ großer Gewindesteigung, wodurch die Gewindescheibe 22 relativ leichtgängig gegenüber der Welle 10 verschraubbar ist.Around the shaft 10 around a threaded disc 22 is arranged. The threaded disc 22 is provided with an internal thread which is screwed to an external thread 23 of the shaft 10. This screw is preferably a multi-start screw with a relatively large pitch, whereby the threaded disc 22 is relatively easy to screw against the shaft 10.

An ihrem Außenumfang ist die Gewindescheibe 22 mit Zähnen einer Antriebsverzahnung 26 versehen. In die Antriebsverzahnung 26 kann eine umschaltbare Sperrklinke 27 eingreifen, die an dem Umschalthebel 13 ausgebildet ist, welcher seinerseits an dem manuellen Antriebshebel 11 angeordnet ist. Der Antriebshebel 11 ist hier also das eigentliche, kraftaufbringende Element. Dabei ist durch entsprechendes Umschalten des Hebels 13 die Sperrklinke 27 entweder im einen Drehsinn, oder im anderen Drehsinn mit der Antriebsverzahnung 26 verbunden, oder die Sperrzähne der Sperrklinke 27 sind, in der Freilaufstellung der Freilaufeinrichtung 12, ganz außer Eingriff mit der Antriebsverzahnung 26.On its outer circumference, the threaded disc 22 is provided with teeth of a drive toothing 26. In the drive teeth 26 can engage a switchable pawl 27 which is formed on the switching lever 13, which in turn is arranged on the manual drive lever 11. The drive lever 11 is here so the actual force-applying element. In this case, by corresponding switching of the lever 13, the pawl 27 is connected either in one direction of rotation, or in the other direction of rotation with the drive teeth 26, or the ratchet teeth of the pawl 27 are in the Freewheeling position of the freewheel device 12, completely out of engagement with the drive teeth 26th

Die Gewindescheibe 22 ist außerdem Bestandteil einer Bremse, die vor allem als Lastdruckbremse dient. Ein weiterer Bestandteil der Bremse ist eine Bremsscheibe 25, welche axial zwischen einer an der Gewindescheibe 22 ausgebildeten antreibenden Fläche 22A und einer Antriebsfläche 10A angeordnet ist. Die Bremsscheibe 25 hat eine erste Bremsfläche, die gegen die Antriebsfläche 10A gerichtet ist, und zu der anderen Seite hin eine zweite Bremsfläche, die gegen die antreibende Fläche 22A der Drehscheibe 22 gerichtet ist.The threaded disc 22 is also part of a brake, which mainly serves as a load pressure brake. Another component of the brake is a brake disk 25 which is arranged axially between a driving surface 22A formed on the threaded disk 22 and a drive surface 10A. The brake disk 25 has a first braking surface directed against the driving surface 10A, and toward the other side a second braking surface directed against the driving surface 22A of the rotating disk 22.

Die Antriebsfläche 10A ist entweder Bestandteil der Welle 10, oder in geeigneter Weise drehfest zu der Welle 10. Zu beiden Seiten der Bremsscheibe 25 können noch zusätzliche, die Bremswirkung verbessernde Reibscheiben angeordnet sein, wie dies in Fig. 3 wiedergegeben ist.The drive surface 10A is either part of the shaft 10, or rotatably in a suitable manner to the shaft 10. On both sides of the brake disc 25 may be arranged additional, the braking effect improving friction, as shown in Fig. 3 is reproduced.

Über den Umfang der Bremsscheibe 25 verteilt ist diese mit Sperrzähnen 25A versehen. Die Sperrzähne 25A sind für einen einseitig blockierenden Eingriff einer an dem Gehäuse 1 gelagerten Sperrklinke 28 ausgebildet. Anstatt einer Sperrklinke 28 können auch zwei solche Sperrklinken 28 vorhanden sein.Distributed over the circumference of the brake disk 25, this is provided with ratchet teeth 25A. The ratchet teeth 25A are formed for a one-sided blocking engagement of a pawl 28 mounted on the housing 1. Instead of a pawl 28 and two such pawls 28 may be present.

Der Kettenzug verfügt über eine Freilaufeinrichtung 12 mit selbsttätig wirkender Lastdruckbremse. Beides ist in Einzelheiten z. B. in der DE 33 23 110 A1 beschrieben, auf die insoweit Bezug genommen wird.The chain hoist has a freewheel device 12 with self-acting load pressure brake. Both are in details z. B. in the DE 33 23 110 A1 to which reference is made.

Die Lastdruckbremse verhindert, unabhängig von der Betätigung des Schaltknaufs 14 der Freilaufeinrichtung 12, den tatsächlichen Freilauf der Welle 10 dann und solange, wie an dem Kettenrad 17 noch eine Mindestlast hängt, und daher an der zentralen Welle 10 ein entsprechendes Drehmoment anliegt. Die Lastdruckbremse arbeitet daher, soweit an der Welle 10 noch ein bestimmtes Mindestdrehmoment wirkt und verhindert auf diese Weise, dass durch versehentliches Einschalten des Freilaufs die zentrale Welle 10 und damit die an dem Zughaken 21 hängende Gewichtslast freigegeben wird.The load pressure brake, regardless of the operation of the shift knob 14 of the freewheel device 12, the actual freewheel of the shaft 10 then and as long as the sprocket 17 still has a minimum load, and therefore at the central shaft 10 is applied a corresponding torque. Therefore, the load pressure brake operates as far as the shaft 10 still acts a certain minimum torque and prevents in this way that by accidentally switching on the freewheel the central shaft 10 and thus the hanging on the tow hook 21 weight load is released.

Der Kettenzug weist zusätzlich zu der Lastdruckbremse eine weitere Sicherheitseinrichtung auf. Diese besteht aus zwei auf der Gewindescheibe 22 angeordneten und sich mit der Drehzahl der Gewindescheibe drehenden Zentrifugalelementen 31, 32. Die Zentrifugalelemente 31, 32 sind, entgegen einer Federkraft, bis zur Anlage an einer die Gewindescheibe 22 koaxial umgebenden Bremsfläche 33 beweglich ausgebildet. Diese Bremsfläche 33 ist innen an dem Gehäuse 1 ausgebildet.The chain hoist has an additional safety device in addition to the load pressure brake. This consists of two arranged on the threaded disc 22 and rotating at the speed of the threaded disc centrifugal elements 31, 32. The centrifugal elements 31, 32 are, against a spring force, until it rests against a Threaded disc 22 coaxially surrounding braking surface 33 is movable. This braking surface 33 is formed on the inside of the housing 1.

Insbesondere befindet sich die Bremsfläche 33 an der zylindrischen Innenwandung eines Gehäuserings 35, der an der Gehäuseplatte 2C einstückig befestigt ist und einen geringeren Durchmesser als die übrige Gehäuseplatte 2C aufweist.In particular, the braking surface 33 is located on the cylindrical inner wall of a housing ring 35, which is integrally fixed to the housing plate 2C and has a smaller diameter than the rest of the housing plate 2C.

Zur Vermeidung von Unwuchten arbeitet die Sicherheitseinrichtung mit insgesamt zwei radial sich zueinander aufweitenden Zentrifugalelementen 31, 32, die sich jeweils über etwas weniger als den halben Umfang der Gewindescheibe 22 erstrecken. Die Zentrifugalelemente 31, 32 sind in Aussparungen der Gewindescheibe 22 gelagert.To avoid imbalances, the safety device operates with a total of two centrifugally extending radially to each other centrifugal elements 31, 32, each extending over slightly less than half the circumference of the threaded disc 22. The centrifugal elements 31, 32 are mounted in recesses of the threaded disc 22.

Die zwei Zentrifugalelemente 31, 32 sind zwar nach außen entsprechend der Größe der Zentrifugalkräfte beweglich. Hingegen sind sie, mittels entsprechender starrer Anschläge, in Umfangsrichtung abgestützt und daher drehfest in Bezug auf die Gewindescheibe 22.Although the two centrifugal elements 31, 32 are movable outwardly according to the magnitude of the centrifugal forces. By contrast, they are supported by means of corresponding rigid stops in the circumferential direction and therefore rotationally fixed with respect to the threaded disc 22nd

Die Zentrifugalelemente 31, 32 sind durch eine um sie herum geführte Ringfeder 39 miteinander verbunden. Die Stärke dieser Feder 39 bestimmt die Drehzahl, ab der die Zentrifugalelemente bei hohen Drehzahlen von mehr als 250 U/min und vorzugsweise mehr als 400 U/min gegen die gehäusefeste, zylindrische Bremsfläche 33 stoßen, und daher die Gewindescheibe 22 abgebremst wird.The centrifugal elements 31, 32 are connected to each other by an annular spring 39 guided around them. The strength of this spring 39 determines the speed at which the centrifugal elements abut at high speeds of more than 250 U / min and preferably more than 400 U / min against the housing-fixed, cylindrical braking surface 33, and therefore the threaded disc 22 is braked.

Im Fall eines sehr schnellen Drehens von Antriebswelle 10 und Gewindescheibe 22, welches schneller ist als das Drehen, welches mit dem schnellen, händischen Durchziehen der Lastkette 20 bei eingeschaltetem Freilauf einhergeht, verlagern sich die Zentrifugalelemente 31, 32 entgegen der Kraft der Feder 39 nach außen. Ist die Drehzahl, mit der die Welle und die Gewindescheibe gemeinsam drehen, so hoch, dass die Zentrifugalelemente 31, 32 mit außen an ihnen angeordneten Reibflächen 34 gegen die Bremsfläche 33 gelangen, kommt es sofort zu einer starken Reibung zwischen den Reibflächen 34 und dem Gehäuse 1, mit der Folge eines plötzlichen Abbremsens der Gewindescheibe. Dies erfolgt bei einer Drehzahl der Gewindescheibe 22 von mehr als 250 U/min und vorzugsweise von mehr als 400 U/min.In the case of a very fast rotation of the drive shaft 10 and threaded disc 22, which is faster than turning, which is associated with the fast, manual pulling the load chain 20 when freewheeling, the centrifugal elements 31, 32 shift against the force of the spring 39 to the outside , If the rotational speed with which the shaft and the threaded disk rotate together is so high that the centrifugal elements 31, 32 reach the braking surface 33 with friction surfaces 34 arranged on the outside, immediately there is a strong friction between the friction surfaces 34 and the housing 1, with the result of a sudden deceleration of the threaded disc. This is done at a speed of the threaded disc 22 of more than 250 U / min and preferably more than 400 U / min.

Dem plötzlichen Abbremsen der Gewindescheibe 22 allerdings vermag die mit kräftigem Drehmoment und hoher Drehzahl um die Achse A rotierende Welle 10 aufgrund ihrer eigenen Trägheit sowie der Trägheit der gemeinsam mit der Welle 10 drehenden Massen nicht zu folgen. Es kommt daher in kürzester Zeit, nämlich in Sekundenbruchteilen, zu einer Relativdrehung zwischen der - noch - drehenden Welle 10 und der abrupt gestoppten Gewindescheibe 22. Dadurch zieht in kürzester Zeit das schraubenförmige, noch rotierende Außengewinde 23 die Gewindescheibe 22 in Richtung zu der Bremsscheibe 25. Die Bremse schließt, als wäre plötzlich die Lastdruckbremse aktiviert.The sudden deceleration of the threaded disc 22, however, is unable to follow the shaft 10 rotating at high torque and high speed about the axis A due to its own inertia and the inertia of the masses rotating together with the shaft 10. It comes in no time, namely in fractions of a second, to a relative rotation between the - still - rotating shaft 10 and stopped abruptly Threaded disc 22. As a result draws in a very short time, the helical, still rotating external thread 23, the threaded disc 22 in the direction of the brake disc 25. The brake closes, as if the load pressure brake suddenly activated.

Der Vorteil des hier beschriebenen Kettenzuges besteht darin, dass eine lastdruck- und geschwindigkeitsabhängige Bremse geschaffen wird. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Lastkette 20, selbst im Fall aktivierter Freilaufeinrichtung, ausrauschen kann, ist begrenzt. Verhindert wird vor allem eine schneller und schneller sich bewegende Lastkette 20, verbunden mit der Gefahr, dass deren anderes Ende zu schlagen beginnt (Peitscheneffekt) und dabei in der Nähe befindliche Personen gefährdet.The advantage of the chain hoist described here is that a load pressure and speed-dependent brake is provided. The speed at which the load chain 20 can escape, even in the case of activated freewheel device, is limited. Above all, a faster and faster moving load chain 20 is prevented, with the risk that its other end will begin to beat (whip effect), thereby endangering persons in the vicinity.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäusecasing
2A2A
Gehäuseplattehousing plate
2B2 B
Gehäuseplattehousing plate
2C2C
Gehäuseplattehousing plate
2D2D
Gehäuseplattehousing plate
33
Bolzenbolt
55
Widerlagerelement, HakenAbutment element, hook
1010
Welle, AntriebswelleShaft, drive shaft
10A10A
Antriebsflächedrive surface
1111
Antriebshebel, KraftelementDrive lever, power element
1212
FreilaufeinrichtungFreewheel device
1313
UmschalthebelSwitching lever
1414
Schaltknaufshift knob
1515
Getriebetransmission
1717
KettenradSprocket
2020
Lastketteload chain
2121
ZughakenHitch
2222
GewindescheibeGewindescheibe
22A22A
antreibende Flächedriving surface
2323
Außengewindeexternal thread
2525
Bremsscheibebrake disc
25A25A
Sperrzähneratchets
2626
Antriebsverzahnungdriving teeth
2727
Sperrklinkepawl
2828
Sperrklinkepawl
3131
Zentrifugalelementcentrifugal
3232
Zentrifugalelementcentrifugal
3333
Bremsflächebrake surface
3434
Reibflächefriction surface
3535
Gehäuseringhousing ring
3939
Feder, RingfederSpring, ring spring
AA
zentrale Achsecentral axis

Claims (7)

  1. Chain hoist for lifting, lowering and pulling loads, comprising
    a housing (1) in which a chain wheel (17) embraced by a load chain (20) equipped with a draw hook (21) under form closure at its end and a shaft (10) driving the chain wheel (17), preferably via a gearbox (15), are rotatably mounted;
    a threaded washer (22), which is in screwed connection with an external thread (23) of the shaft (10) with its internally arranged thread and is equipped with bevel gears (26) for engaging a manually or motor-driven force element (11);
    a brake disc (25) rotatable in relation to the shaft (10) and the threaded washer (22), with a first braking surface directed against a drive surface (10A) that is torque-proof in relation to the shaft (10), and a second braking surface directed against the rotation disc (22), and with locking gears (25A) arranged on the brake disc (25) for the unilateral blocking engagement of a ratchet (27) mounted on the housing (1);
    an idling means (12), designed for enlarging the axial distance between the threaded washer (22) and the drive surface (10A), characterised in that at least one centrifugal element (31, 32) that is torque-proof in relation to the threaded washer (22) is arranged on the same, which is equipped with a friction surface (34) on the outside, and in that the centrifugal element (31, 32) can be widened outwards against the force of a spring (39) until it makes contact with the friction surface (34) with a braking surface (33) formed on the housing (1).
  2. Chain hoist according to claim 1, characterised in that the idling means (12) is designed for enlarging the axial distance between the threaded washer (22) and the drive surface (10A) through rotating the threaded washer (22) on the external thread (23).
  3. Chain hoist according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the braking surface (33) is cylindrical.
  4. Chain hoist according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised by a total of two centrifugal elements (31, 32), which are arranged spaced apart from each other to be widened outwards on the threaded washer (22).
  5. Chain hoist according to claim 4, characterised in that the spring (39) is an annular spring jointly enclosing both centrifugal elements (31, 32).
  6. Chain hoist according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the centrifugal elements (31, 32) are arranged in recesses of the threaded washer (22) that are radially open towards the outside.
  7. Chain hoist according to one of the claims 4-6, characterised in that the centrifugal elements (31, 32) are supported against walls of the recesses in a circumferential direction.
EP18165582.0A 2017-04-24 2018-04-04 Chain hoist Active EP3395746B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017108694.3A DE102017108694A1 (en) 2017-04-24 2017-04-24 chain

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3395746A1 EP3395746A1 (en) 2018-10-31
EP3395746B1 true EP3395746B1 (en) 2019-10-09

Family

ID=61899098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18165582.0A Active EP3395746B1 (en) 2017-04-24 2018-04-04 Chain hoist

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10351397B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3395746B1 (en)
CA (1) CA3002452A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017108694A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019120036A1 (en) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-28 Columbus Mckinnon Industrial Products Gmbh Hoist
USD982871S1 (en) * 2020-03-20 2023-04-04 Konecranes Global Corporation Hoist
DE102021101058A1 (en) 2021-01-19 2022-07-21 Columbus Mckinnon Industrial Products Gmbh hoist

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1246972B (en) * 1962-08-29 1967-08-10 Hitachi Ltd Motor chain hoist
JPS5293063A (en) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-05 Hitachi Ltd Overload-preventing apparatus for winch
JPS6239029Y2 (en) * 1979-04-03 1987-10-05
JPS597695A (en) 1982-07-02 1984-01-14 株式会社キト− Loose-rolling device in lever type small-sized traction device combining hoisting
JPS5939692A (en) * 1982-08-25 1984-03-05 株式会社キト− Electric traction device combining winding
DE3910369A1 (en) * 1989-03-28 1990-10-04 Mannesmann Ag SECURITY DEVICE
TW267151B (en) * 1993-11-11 1996-01-01 Shoin Chain Block Kk
US5848781A (en) * 1994-01-13 1998-12-15 Ingersoll-Rand Company Balancing hoist braking system
DE10148408C1 (en) * 2001-09-29 2002-11-14 Hoffmann Foerdertechnik Gmbh W Safety brake for electric chain hoist uses inertia device for release of locking catch into braking position cooperating with braking cog disc for chain wheel
US9764172B2 (en) * 2009-03-09 2017-09-19 D B Industries, Llc Safety device with fall arrest and descending modes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3395746A1 (en) 2018-10-31
DE102017108694A1 (en) 2018-10-25
CA3002452A1 (en) 2018-10-24
US10351397B2 (en) 2019-07-16
US20180305189A1 (en) 2018-10-25

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