EP3384083B1 - Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3384083B1
EP3384083B1 EP16784943.9A EP16784943A EP3384083B1 EP 3384083 B1 EP3384083 B1 EP 3384083B1 EP 16784943 A EP16784943 A EP 16784943A EP 3384083 B1 EP3384083 B1 EP 3384083B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
headbox
section
web
starch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16784943.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3384083A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas RÜHL
Klaus-Peter OLTROGGE
Marc HARMS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3384083A1 publication Critical patent/EP3384083A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3384083B1 publication Critical patent/EP3384083B1/de
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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/02Head boxes of Fourdrinier machines
    • D21F1/028Details of the nozzle section
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/02Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier type
    • D21F11/04Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier type paper or board consisting on two or more layers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02Wet presses
    • D21F3/0209Wet presses with extended press nip
    • D21F3/0218Shoe presses
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02Wet presses
    • D21F3/04Arrangements thereof
    • D21F3/045Arrangements thereof including at least one extended press nip
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02Wet presses
    • D21F3/08Pressure rolls
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
    • D21F5/042Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
    • D21F5/042Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices
    • D21F5/044Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices using air hoods over the cylinders
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/18Drying webs by hot air
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F9/00Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F9/003Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the twin-wire type
    • D21F9/006Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the twin-wire type paper or board consisting of two or more layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing a fibrous web in the form of a packaging paper web, with a headbox, a wire section for dewatering a introduced over the headbox pulp suspension and to form a fibrous web from the pulp suspension, a press section for further dewatering of the fibrous web and a dryer section for drying the fibrous web.
  • packaging papers make up the largest share of packaging materials in practice. They are universally applicable, clean and flexible.
  • the packaging papers include all types of corrugated board, sack paper for the paper sacks, classic brown packaging paper and also the top layers of plasterboard. They usually have a high content of waste paper.
  • Corrugated material is used in the production of corrugated cardboard as a middle layer between two liner layers, i. the two layers used on the inside and outside of the corrugated cardboard or cardboard used. It is usually made from 100% recycled paper. The required strengths are achieved by applying starch.
  • the wire section has a multi-layer former and are used in the dryer section steel cylinder to the dryer fabrics are performed with partially increased wire tension.
  • the document EP2784212 A1 shows a paper machine for producing a paper or board web with a three-layer headbox, a gap former, two single press nips and one dryer section having impingement flow drying units.
  • the gapformer is arranged vertically.
  • the document DE 102011080424 A1 discloses a sheet forming system for a machine for producing a two- or multi-layer fibrous web.
  • the sheet forming system includes a forming section and a headbox having a plurality of fins disposed in the nozzle, with a fin extending out of the exit nip.
  • the forming section is designed as a wire.
  • the document DE102005000088 A1 describes a horizontally arranged twin-wire former with stationarily arranged, non-rotating dewatering elements and a headbox for introducing a pulp suspension.
  • the document DE102012208171 A1 discloses a production line for producing a multilayer web.
  • a two-nip line press with an impermeable belt in the last nip for transferring the web into the dryer section is disclosed.
  • a drying device for drying fibrous webs is described.
  • the fibrous web is guided over a plurality of steam-heated drying cylinders arranged in a row and over deflecting rollers lying between them.
  • the drying cylinders can be made of cast iron or steel.
  • the deflection rollers are associated with air bubble devices.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device suitable for the production of packaging papers of the type mentioned, which, while minimizing the investment and operating costs while ensuring the highest possible dry content, the best possible web guidance and the best possible quality of the final product, in particular also ensures a higher strength of the end product.
  • the inventive device for producing a fibrous web in the form of a packaging paper web comprises a headbox, a wire section for dewatering a introduced over the headbox pulp suspension and for forming a fibrous web from the pulp suspension, a press section for further dewatering of the fibrous web and a dryer section for drying the fibrous web.
  • the headbox is designed with three layers and provided with a protruding over the headbox nozzle.
  • starch introduction means are provided, via which starch can be introduced into at least one layer.
  • the wire section comprises a single-layer gap former.
  • the press section has at least one press nip extended in the direction of web travel, in particular at least one press nip.
  • the gap former is designed as a strip gap former and comprises an at least substantially horizontal dewatering section.
  • the three-layer or three-layer casserole can have three, in particular, superimposed suspension flow channels, via which Particulate streams or media are supplied to the headbox from which the stock suspension jet emerging from the headbox is formed.
  • a protruding separating blade in particular allows a good delamination and thus good masking qualities, ie, for example, a reduced show through of the unstained opposite side of the testliner.
  • the strength of the end product can be correspondingly increased by the introduction of starch.
  • both the gap strength and the surface strength of the respective end product can be increased accordingly by a corresponding strength input.
  • a gap former is a twin-wire former in which the pulp suspension is introduced directly between the two screens and dewatered on both sides.
  • starch can be introduced at least into the middle layer via the starch-introducing means.
  • the internal strength of the respective end product can be correspondingly increased with such an introduction of starch into the middle layer.
  • Thickness before the head box, in the headbox and / or at the latest in the wire section after the headbox into the pulp suspension or the fabric jet produced by the headbox can be introduced or applied to the fibrous web via the starch feed means.
  • Lamellae inserted into the headbox nozzle can provide uniform penetration of starch for good formation and in the event that at least part of the starch is already introduced in front of or into the headbox through the starch delivery means. Will strength at least partially already before the headbox introduced, the starch entry can be done for example in a Mischbütte or the like. As already mentioned; However, the starch can be at least partially introduced only in or after the headbox and / or at the latest in the wire section or forming section.
  • the headbox with three layers can, as already mentioned, be fed by three streams or media.
  • the gap former is designed as a strip gap former.
  • a strip gap former is a gap or gap former with fixed initial drainage elements, through which the fibrous web is formed. It can thus be used, for example, a relatively compact or short Leistengapformer.
  • the gap former is designed without a suction roll, which further simplifies its structure and makes it correspondingly less expensive.
  • the gap former comprises an at least substantially horizontal dewatering section.
  • the drainage takes place at least substantially downwards and upwards.
  • the press section advantageously comprises two press nips extended in the direction of web travel, in particular two shoe press nips.
  • the press section may in particular comprise a double shoe press or tandem Nipcoflex press.
  • the pressing pressure is not built up with a rotating roller and counter-roller, but it presses a stationary shoe against a rotating counter-roller. So this works, a flexible plastic jacket is guided around this shoe. Between shoe and plastic jacket an oil film is built up for lubrication.
  • the water pressed out of the fibrous web is delivered to at least one circulating felt as in a conventional press. Due to the design of the shoe, the so-called press nip can be much longer than in a conventional press, whereby the residence time of the fibrous web in the press nip increases accordingly. Accordingly, the need for thermal drying is lower. Finally, the relatively soft drainage preserves the paper volume.
  • the press section may in particular comprise only the two press nips extended in the direction of web travel or only the two shoe press nips or only the double shoe press.
  • a respective shoe press nip is formed between a shoe press roll and a counter roll provided with a polyurethane cover.
  • the polyurethane cover of the backing roll of a respective shoe press preferably has an open area in the range between 10 and 40%. It is also particularly advantageous if the polyurethane cover of the backing roll of a respective shoe press has a storage volume in the range between 500 and 1500 ml / m 2 . As a result, the dry content after the press section can be further increased accordingly.
  • An impermeable lower transfer belt is preferably passed through the second or last press nip of the press section viewed in the web running direction.
  • the fibrous web is preferably guided continuously supported up to the first drying cylinder of the dryer section, which results in a good web guide and the risk of web breaks is reduced to a minimum.
  • the drying section is at least partially executed with steel cylinders. It is particularly advantageous if the dryer section is designed for dryer fabric tension> 5 kN / m.
  • the dryer section can advantageously comprise at least one high-performance dryer, in particular at least one impingement-flow dryer and / or at least one infrared dryer.
  • the impingement flow dryers are high-performance dryers in which the fibrous web is subjected to hot-air and / or hot-steam radiation at least on one side.
  • at least one high-performance dryer can be arranged in the initial region of a pre-drying section of the dryer section. With additional high-performance dryers in the beginning of the dryer section, the total length of the device or paper machine can be further shortened. In addition, this increases the strength of the end product, for example, after the introduced starch binds earlier.
  • the machine concept according to the invention is tuned to the optimum specific investment costs.
  • the raw material potential in particular with regard to packaging papers with a high and partial or up to 100% proportion of recycled pulp, is also taken into account. It has been shown that for packaging papers made of recycled fiber material as a raw material, the optimum operating speed also depends substantially on the strength potential of the raw material. Thus, the strength potential of the raw material specifies the speed range in which the operation can be carried out with reasonable machine efficiency. This will above all keep the demolition figures in an economically sensible framework and reduce the necessary downtime on the machine to a minimum. After Asia is a major growth market for packaging paper, the raw material used and available economically must be taken into account. A suitable speed range for the operation of the device is between 1100 and 1500 m / min. This also takes into account the trend towards lighter basis weights for testliners and corrugated grades.
  • the protruding separating blade allows good delamination and thus good masking qualities, ie a reduced show through of the uncoloured opposite side of the testliner. It has been found that the use of a roll blade gap former is no longer required due to the moderate speed in combination with lighter weight per unit area and that the required production rates can also be achieved with a blade gap former with reduced dewatering or production capacity.
  • a blade gap former is designed in a horizontal construction in order to promote the use of a stringing device by the stiffening.
  • hybrid formers the conceptually slightly longer longitudinal orientation in sheet formation is favorable to the maximum speed potential to exploit.
  • the thus impaired transverse strength properties can be compensated by strength.
  • starch can be added to the raw material. The addition takes place either before the headbox, in the headbox, in the jet or in the Formerpartie in the form of praisesprmile.
  • a press section with a high press pulse is advantageous in order, on the one hand, to enable a high dry content and, on the other hand, a high level of sheet compacting. Both favor the blade strength or wet strength and thus the runnability or runnability of the machine.
  • at least one press nip is advantageously designed as a shoe press nip.
  • a double shoe press can be used. Such a double shoe press has, in addition to the high pressure pulse and thus the high dry content, the further advantage of a continuously supported web guide through the press section.
  • An expedient variant with a lighter basis weight spectrum is the use of a transfer belt in the second lower position of the press, whereby the rewetting is reduced and thus the dry content is increased, especially for lighter basis weights below 100 g / m 2 .
  • a simply felted press nip is also an advantage.
  • a good moisture cross profile at the end of the press section leads to uniform web tension ratios in the transverse direction of the machine, which in turn favors runnability or runnability in the critical exit area of the dryer section. Moisture differences and thus resulting web tension differences and tensile folds are avoided.
  • the highest possible heat flow is generally advantageous, thus increasing the efficiency of the drying and, at the same time, reducing the required length of the dryer section and thus also of the entire machine and of the machine building. It should be noted, however, that too high heat flow at the beginning of the dryer section bring a kind of sealing the web surface with it and thus be detrimental to the drying efficiency and even damage the sheet.
  • the respective possible and sensible heat output depends on the raw material and the grammage. Especially packaging papers are not very sensitive here and can be exposed to relatively steep heating curves.
  • steel cylinders with a material-related higher heat transfer can also be used with advantage as cast cylinders.
  • This can also be combined, in particular, even with a higher drying wire tension.
  • the higher wire tension causes a further increase in the heat transfer.
  • the device is advantageously operated so that this jossiebschreib is in the range of 5 to 8 kN / m.
  • this besiebshadow is in the range of 5 to 8 kN / m.
  • intensive drying at the beginning of the pre-drying section is advantageous for the effect of the starch or other strength-increasing additives added in the constant part or wet part of the machine.
  • This effect can be purposefully further intensified by the use of high-performance dryers, such as impingement drying hoods, at the beginning of the pre-drying section.
  • high-performance dryers such as impingement drying hoods
  • two to six hoods are economical and paper technology useful to achieve the effect of increasing strength with moderate investment and operating costs.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus 10 according to the invention for producing a fibrous web, in particular a packaging paper web.
  • the device after the FIG. 1 does not fall under the claims.
  • the device 10 comprises a headbox 12, a wire section 14 for dewatering a introduced over the headbox 12 pulp suspension and to form a fibrous web from the pulp suspension, a press section 16 for further dewatering of the fibrous web and a dryer section 18 for drying the fibrous web.
  • the drying section 18 may, inter alia, be followed by a roller 20 for rolling up the dried, finished fibrous web.
  • the headbox 12 is designed with three layers and provided with a projecting beyond the headbox jet separator.
  • starch introduction means are provided, via which at least one layer of starch can be introduced.
  • the wire section comprises a single-layer gap former 22. It is in the embodiment according to the FIG. 1 a roll-blade gap former having an at least substantially horizontal rear drainage section 24 is provided.
  • the press section 16 comprises at least one press nip 26 extended in the web running direction 11, in particular at least one press nip.
  • the starch-introducing means may in particular be designed such that starch can be introduced at least into the middle layer.
  • Thickness before the headbox 12, in the headbox 12 and / or at the latest in the wire section 14 after the headbox 12 in the pulp suspension or the fabric jet produced by the headbox 12 can be introduced or applied to the fibrous web via the starch-containing. In this case, in particular the strength of the end product is increased accordingly by the starch entry.
  • the headbox 12 with three layers can be fed by three streams or media.
  • the gap former 22 according to the invention is designed as a strip gap former.
  • a strip gap former is a gap or gap former with fixed initial drainage elements through which the fibrous web is formed and dehydrated.
  • the gap former 22 can be embodied in particular without a suction roll, with which it obtains a simpler and correspondingly less expensive construction.
  • the gap former 22 may comprise an at least substantially horizontal dewatering section.
  • the dewatering of the fibrous web takes place in such a horizontal dewatering path at least substantially upwards and downwards through the sieves of the Gapformers 22nd
  • the press section 16 comprises, for example, two press nips 26 or shoe press nips extended in the web running direction L.
  • the press section 16 may in particular comprise a double shoe press or tandem Nipcoflex press.
  • the pressing pressure is not built up with a rotating roller and counter-roller, but it presses a stationary shoe against a rotating counter-roller.
  • a flexible roll shell is guided around the press shoe. Between shoe and flexible roll shell an oil film is built up for lubrication.
  • the water pressed out of the fibrous web is delivered to at least one circulating felt as in a conventional press. Due to the design of the shoe, the so-called press nip can be much longer than in a conventional press, whereby the residence time of the fibrous web in the press nip increases accordingly. Due to the high pressure pulse results after the press section a correspondingly high dry content.
  • the press section 16 comprises in the present case, only the two in the web running direction L extended press nips 26 or only the two shoe press nips or only the double shoe press.
  • a respective shoe press nip 26 may be formed between a shoe press roll and a counter-roll provided with a polyurethane covering.
  • the polyurethane cover of the backing roll of a respective shoe press may in particular have an open area in the range between 10 and 40%.
  • the polyurethane cover of the counter roll of a respective shoe press in particular have a storage volume in the range between 500 and 1500 ml / m 2 . As a result, the dry content after the press section 16 can be further increased accordingly.
  • the second or last press nip 26 of the press section 16, viewed in the web running direction L, can pass an impermeable lower transfer belt 30.
  • the rewetting can be reduced, in particular with a lighter basis weight spectrum, and thus the dry content can be increased below 100 g / m 2, in particular for lighter basis weights.
  • the fibrous web can be guided continuously supported up to the first drying cylinder 28 of the dryer section 18, which results in a safer web run and the risk of web breaks is minimized.
  • the drying section 18 can be made at least partially with steel cylinders.
  • the drying section 18 can be designed fordovsiebpositionen, which are in particular greater than 5 kN / m. The dryer fabrics can thus be guided around the drying cylinders or steel cylinders with a correspondingly higher tension.
  • the dryer section 18 is at least partially made with steel cylinders and designed for higherkowskisiebditionen, the heat transfer to the fibrous web are improved and increases the efficiency of drying, whereby the length of the dryer section can be reduced accordingly.
  • steel cylinders have a higher heat transfer rate than cast iron due to the material.
  • the heat transfer is further increased by the higherkowskisiebschreib.
  • the dryer section 18 can be equipped with high-performance dryers, in particular impingement-flow dryers or infrared dryers.
  • the impingement flow dryers are high-performance dryers in which the fibrous web is subjected to hot and / or superheated steam at least on one side.
  • at least one such high-performance dryer can be arranged in the initial region of a pre-drying section of the drying section 18, whereby the overall length of the device can be further shortened. In addition, this increases the strength of the final product after the applied starch binds earlier.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the wire section 14 of an exemplary embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention, which differs from the according to Fig. 1 at least substantially only differs in that in the wire section 14, the forming roller 25 is missing and the entire dewatering section in the twin-wire part is guided substantially horizontally.

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EP16784943.9A 2015-11-30 2016-10-25 Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn Active EP3384083B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015223663.3A DE102015223663A1 (de) 2015-11-30 2015-11-30 Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn
PCT/EP2016/075621 WO2017092932A1 (de) 2015-11-30 2016-10-25 Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3384083A1 EP3384083A1 (de) 2018-10-10
EP3384083B1 true EP3384083B1 (de) 2019-06-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16784943.9A Active EP3384083B1 (de) 2015-11-30 2016-10-25 Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3384083B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN108291366B (zh)
DE (1) DE102015223663A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2017092932A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113194760B (zh) * 2018-12-18 2023-03-28 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 用于生产多个含有生物碱的材料片材的方法和设备

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AT394870B (de) * 1989-11-10 1992-07-10 Andritz Ag Maschf Trocknungsvorrichtung
DE19801417A1 (de) * 1998-01-16 1999-07-22 Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent Pressenpartie
FI20011291A (fi) * 2001-06-18 2002-12-19 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä ja paperikone päällystetyn paperin valmistamiseksi
DE102005000088A1 (de) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-25 Voith Patent Gmbh Doppelsiebformer zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn aus mindestens einer Faserstoffsuspension
DE102006049026A1 (de) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Voith Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn
CN101338530B (zh) * 2008-08-07 2011-12-07 华南理工大学 多层纸页夹网成形装置与方法
DE102009028215B3 (de) * 2009-08-04 2010-09-09 Voith Patent Gmbh Kombination eines Pressfilzes mit einem Presswalzenbezug und/oder einem Saugwalzenbezug für eine Papiermaschine
DE102010029580A1 (de) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-01 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine zur Herstellung einer Papierbahn insbesondere Sackpapierbahn
FI20115486A0 (fi) * 2011-05-19 2011-05-19 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä ja valmistuslinja monikerrosrainan valmistamiseksi
DE102011080424A1 (de) * 2011-08-04 2013-02-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Blattbildungssystem für eine Maschine zur Herstellung einer zwei- oder mehrschichtigen Faserstoffbahn
DE102012217408A1 (de) * 2012-09-26 2014-03-27 Voith Patent Gmbh Stärkeauftragssystem in der Blattbildungsvorrichtung
EP2784212A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-01 Valmet Technologies, Inc. Paper or board making machine and method for manufacturing high filler content paper or board

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN108291366B (zh) 2020-10-20
EP3384083A1 (de) 2018-10-10
CN108291366A (zh) 2018-07-17
WO2017092932A1 (de) 2017-06-08
DE102015223663A1 (de) 2017-06-01

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