EP3349866B1 - Tubular heating device - Google Patents
Tubular heating device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3349866B1 EP3349866B1 EP16766926.6A EP16766926A EP3349866B1 EP 3349866 B1 EP3349866 B1 EP 3349866B1 EP 16766926 A EP16766926 A EP 16766926A EP 3349866 B1 EP3349866 B1 EP 3349866B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- extinguishing agent
- pipe
- heating sleeve
- agent container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 264
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
- A62C13/76—Details or accessories
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
Definitions
- the subject relates to a fire fighting system with a heating medium.
- a fire extinguishing system based on the dry system is known.
- the fire extinguishing system is operated by a preheated extinguishing agent which is introduced into a heated pipe.
- the GB 2449131 A describes a piping system in which a heating wire is insulated from the outside around the pipeline to keep a sprinkler free of frost.
- extinguishing agent container in which extinguishing agent, for example water, is stored.
- extinguishing agent for example water
- This system can trigger autonomously without the need for a pump or anything else Propellant is necessary to drive the extinguishing agent out of the extinguishing agent container.
- the extinguishing agent is stored without pressure in one bottle and a second bottle stores the propellant, in particular a propellant gas, for example nitrogen under pressure. If triggered, a valve between the two bottles is opened so that the propellant drives the extinguishing agent out of the extinguishing agent container.
- this increases the energy consumption for heating up the extinguishing agent and, on the other hand, the time until the extinguishing agent is heated up.
- the liner also limits the energy to be introduced, since excessive energy flow would damage the liner.
- the operational readiness of the fire-fighting system must be guaranteed immediately when the rail vehicle is put into operation. For example, if the vehicle is left in the cold overnight and the extinguishing agent is frozen, an unnecessarily long time must be waited at the start of operation before the rail vehicle can actually be used to transport people, namely only when the fire fighting system is ready for use, i.e. when the extinguishing agent is thawed .
- the object was therefore based on the task of being able to produce the operational readiness of fire-fighting systems more quickly and to make the extinguishing medium more fluid in an energy-efficient manner.
- the fire fighting system includes a pressure-resistant extinguishing agent container.
- an extinguishing agent container can be, for example, a steel cylinder in which the extinguishing agent, for example water, can be stored under pressure or without pressure.
- a so-called liner can be provided in the steel cylinder, which protects the inner wall of the steel cylinder against corrosion.
- the extinguishing agent container can be, for example, a composite container, for example made of a plastic composite material, preferably made of a plastic fiber composite material. Type 4 composite containers are particularly suitable.
- the fiber composite materials can be, for example, glass fiber composite materials or carbon fiber composite materials.
- At least one opening is preferably arranged in the extinguishing agent container.
- the opening is generally provided as an outlet on the bottle neck, but can preferably be provided at any other desired location of the extinguishing agent container in the case of composite containers.
- the opening can not only be designed as an outlet, but it is also possible for the opening in question to be an inlet or to be formed merely as a service opening via which a heating medium and / or a sensor is introduced into the extinguishing agent container.
- Extinguishing agent can be let into the extinguishing agent container via an inlet or, in the case of a two-bottle system, a propellant gas can be driven into the extinguishing agent container in order to expel the extinguishing agent from the extinguishing agent container.
- a tube is preferably arranged in the opening.
- This tube is preferably formed inside the extinguishing agent container, when the opening is the outlet, as a riser pipe, via which the extinguishing agent can be driven out of the extinguishing agent container.
- the riser pipe ends in an adapter piece at the opening and is transferred to an outlet pipe outside the extinguishing agent container.
- the riser pipe and the outlet pipe can be in one piece or in several pieces.
- the adapter piece can preferably be designed as a seal of the tube at the opening, so that the tube is guided pressure-tight into the interior of the container.
- the extinguishing agent is best heated up where the extinguishing agent itself is stored, that is to say directly on the extinguishing agent.
- the heater be arranged inside the extinguishing agent container.
- a heating agent is preferably applied to the pipe arranged in the opening, so that a double pipe consisting of heating agent and pipe is formed, which is guided through the opening into the interior of the extinguishing agent container.
- the heating means is arranged directly on the tube, so that the tube and the heating means preferably form an assembly.
- the flat heating means is arranged on the outer surface of the tube and at least partially surrounds it.
- the heating means is preferably formed as a flat part, which carries at least one heating resistor in a uniform substrate.
- the heating means can be a flat part in the development, which can be wrapped around the pipe. There are preferably no empty spaces in the interior of the heating means, at least in areas, so that the heating means can be clamped at the opening, in particular via the adapter piece, in order to be able to seal the opening with respect to the heating means together with the pipe.
- heating means is formed as a heating jacket.
- a heating jacket can be shaped as a flat component, which is preferably formed from a solid material.
- At least one heating resistor can be guided as a heating coil in the solid material.
- the heating sleeve surrounds the tube completely.
- the opening By completely reaching around, in particular in parts along the longitudinal axis of the tube, in particular in a region of the opening, it can be ensured that the opening can be sealed.
- the heating jacket provided for heating the extinguishing agent.
- the heating sleeve can also grip the pipe at least in the area of the opening and inside the extinguishing agent container. If the heating sleeve surrounds the pipe inside the extinguishing agent container, the effective heating area is maximized. If the heating sleeve surrounds the tube in the area of the opening, it is possible, as described above, to close the extinguishing agent container gas-tight and / or liquid-tight between the heating sleeve and the inner circumference of the opening.
- the tube it is possible for the tube to form a double-walled tube with the heating medium.
- the heating means can be an outer tube arranged around the tube, an annular space preferably being formed between the tube and the outer tube.
- the outer tube is preferably metallic and at least one, preferably two, heating resistors are guided in the annular space between the tube and the outer tube.
- the heating resistor is preferably coiled in the annular space between the tube and the outer tube.
- the volume not filled by the heating resistor in the annulus is filled with an electrically non-conductive material.
- Non-conductive metal alloys or metal oxides in particular magnesium alloys or magnesium oxides or oxides of the respective alloys, are preferably suitable here.
- the heating means be formed from a flat base body with at least one heating resistor arranged in the base body.
- the heating means is preferably formed from a flat part made of solid material, in which the heating resistor is guided.
- the heating resistor can be embedded in the solid material of the base body.
- the solid material of the base body is preferably electrically non-conductive.
- the heating means is a metallic heating jacket. Because the heating sleeve is metallic, the opening between the sleeve and the inner circumference of the opening can be sealed particularly easily, since, for example, a compression fitting or an O-ring can be used to seal the metallic heating sleeve in the same way as conventional sealing of the riser pipe arranged in the opening.
- the sleeve is formed in particular from a non-conductive metal alloy or a non-conductive metal oxide, for example with a magnesium component.
- a heating resistor is preferably arranged in the material of the heating sleeve, preferably embedded and completely encompassed by the material of the heating sleeve.
- the heating sleeve or the heating resistor and the material of the heating sleeve are preferably formed from a plastically non-destructively deformable material.
- the deformability is such that the heating sleeve can be wrapped around the circumference of the tube without being destroyed.
- the pipe or pipe radius thus determines the minimum bending radius that the material of the heating jacket enables.
- the heating sleeve is preferably bent or wound around the tube.
- the pipe can be bent inside the extinguishing agent container. Together with the pipe, the heating sleeve can also be placed inside the extinguishing agent container be curved.
- the tube is preferably bent in the direction of an outer wall of the extinguishing agent container.
- a riser pipe is generally provided in an extinguishing center container, in particular if the opening is an outlet opening.
- the pipe is a riser pipe according to one embodiment.
- the heating means be arranged on the pipe at least in the area of the opening and inside the extinguishing agent container.
- the arrangement in the area of the opening enables easy sealing, the arrangement in the interior of the extinguishing agent container allowing the heating medium to act directly on the extinguishing agent.
- a valve be arranged at the opening, which is preferably an extinguishing agent outlet.
- the riser pipe or the pipe opens inside the extinguishing agent container via the adapter piece in the valve.
- the pipe can be opened and closed via the valve.
- the heating means can extend through the opening into the interior of the extinguishing agent container along the tube.
- the heating medium thus extends from the valve through the opening to the inside of the extinguishing medium container.
- An electrical connection of the heating resistor can take place outside the extinguishing agent container, in particular in the area of the valve or the adapter piece.
- the heating means is preferably designed in such a way that initially it has an electrical feed line which has a lower electrical resistance than in the area in which the heating is to take place.
- the heating means preferably has a supply area and a heating area, both areas preferably being arranged in the same way on the tube, but having different electrical resistances.
- the supply area preferably extends up to 10%, in particular up to 15%, of the pipe length into the interior of the container. This is particularly useful if the container only has a filling level of less is filled as 100%, in particular is filled with about 90%.
- the heater must therefore be designed so that the upper area is not heated, i.e. the upper area which does not come into contact with the extinguishing medium during operation.
- the electrical connection in the supply area should have a minimal electrical power loss.
- the tube and the heating means are mounted so as to abut one another directly.
- the fact that they are in direct contact with one another means that there is in particular no air gap between the pipe and the heating medium.
- An adhesive is preferably provided between the heating means and the outer surface of the tube, which causes sealing by means of adhering or gluing the heating means to the tube.
- the opening In order to be able to fill the extinguishing agent container with extinguishing liquid without fear of extinguishing liquid flowing out and also to be able to build up gas pressure in the extinguishing agent container, for example, the opening must be sealed.
- the tube itself is preferably closed via the valve.
- the outer wall of the heating jacket must be sealed against the opening of the extinguishing agent container. According to one exemplary embodiment, this seal is preferably liquid-tight and / or gas-tight.
- the heating medium forms a double-walled cylinder together with the tube.
- the heating medium is guided on its outer surface at the opening through a seal. This enables sealing between the outer surface of the heating means and the opening or inner circumference of the opening, so that the extinguishing agent container is sealed liquid-tight and / or gas-tight on the seal.
- the heating means is preferably a heating resistor.
- this heating resistor can be provided with an electrical connection outside the extinguishing agent container, so that it is connected to it electrical connection, the heating resistor can be supplied with electrical power.
- a fire fighting system in which the heating means has at least two heating circuits which can be switched independently of one another. It has been recognized that the extinguishing agent can be heated up by two heating circuits which can be switched independently of one another, depending on the respective environmental conditions. It is usually possible to prevent the extinguishing agent from cooling down in normal operation by means of a relatively low power supply. It can be sufficient to prevent the extinguishing agent from cooling down at ambient temperatures around freezing with 50W to some 100W electrical heating power.
- the heating medium be supplied with different heating power, the heating power being automatically adapted to the ambient conditions.
- a second heating circuit can also be connected or supplied with electrical energy, which can be operated with a higher electrical output than the first heating circuit. Electrical heating energy can also be supplied according to the situation and adapted to the ambient conditions.
- the heating circuits can be operated with heating resistors of different line cross sections.
- the heating resistor with the smaller cable cross-section can be designed for the lower electrical power and, due to its corresponding specific resistance, even with a lower one electrical power with good efficiency convert electrical energy into heating energy.
- the heating circuit with the heating resistor with the larger cable cross section can be used for rapid heating. In this case the current strength in the heating conductor with the lower line cross section would be too high and this would be destroyed.
- the second heating circuit which is designed for the higher currents.
- the two heating circuits can be switched independently of one another, but electrical power can also be applied simultaneously in order to achieve the maximum possible heating power.
- the heating circuits each have at least one heating resistor.
- the heating resistor is preferably a heating wire with a specific resistance and / or line cross section that is adapted to the heating power.
- the line cross-section is relevant for the current carrying capacity, which is preferably different for the two heating resistors.
- a first heating resistor have a smaller specific resistance value than a second heating resistor.
- the heating resistor with the smaller electrical resistance carries the higher electrical current and is preferably operated with the higher electrical power.
- the power loss via the heating resistor, which is converted into heating power, is thus higher at this heating resistor than at the heating resistor with the larger specific resistance.
- the two heating resistors are preferably designed for the electrical heating power or electrical power applied to them, so that their melting points are preferably different from one another. With help different heating resistors, it is possible to adapt the heating power to the respective heating power, in particular the electrical power fed in in each case.
- the two heating circuits can each be operated with different heating power, in particular different electrical power.
- At least one of the voltage sources is preferably a DC voltage source.
- the fire-fighting system in question is particularly suitable for heating the extinguishing liquid in different situations, so that it is advantageous to operate the voltage sources at different electrical voltages, so that different heating voltages are applied to the heating resistors.
- the voltages are preferably direct voltages.
- a low direct voltage for example a 24 V or a 110 V direct voltage
- the 110 V DC voltage can also be used for thawing, and the 24 V for maintaining the liquid state. Both voltages can be fed from an accumulator, for example.
- a second DC voltage can preferably be a voltage supply for an electrical system. In particular, a second DC voltage can be 380 V or 400 V. For example, the higher voltage can be pulsed to regulate the heating energy
- the heating circuits are preferably encapsulated in a common housing of the heating means.
- the heating circuits are arranged in the heating jacket.
- the heating means can be arranged in and / or on the extinguishing agent container.
- the heating sleeve can be arranged on a riser pipe inside the extinguishing agent container. It is also possible that the heating jacket is arranged on the outer surface of the extinguishing agent container, in particular in the form of a heating mat is wrapped around the extinguishing agent container.
- Heating means can also be arranged only on the adapter or on the adapter head in the area of the opening of the extinguishing agent container. If the heating means is only arranged outside the extinguishing agent container, an improved thermal conductivity of the pipe, in particular of the riser pipe, can be used for better heat transport. For this reason, it is also proposed that the riser pipe be formed from a metal material, preferably copper material, which has a higher thermal conductivity than a stainless steel riser pipe.
- the arrangement of the heating medium only on the adapter head is to be regarded as independent, but can be combined with all other features as described here.
- At least one temperature sensor be arranged in or on the extinguishing agent container.
- the heating means can be controlled by evaluating the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
- a controller controls the application of electrical voltage to the heating resistors as a function of a detected temperature of at least one temperature sensor.
- a hysteresis can be programmed into the control so that a heating circuit is switched on when the temperature falls below a limit and the heating circuit is only switched off again when a second, higher than the first limit temperature is overwritten.
- the extinguishing agent container is pressure resistant.
- Another aspect is a method of operating a fire fighting system. At least one temperature of the extinguishing agent container and / or of the extinguishing agent is detected in the extinguishing agent container. If the measured temperature falls below a first limit temperature, only the first heating circuit is activated. If the temperature falls below a second, lower than the first limit temperature, the second heating circuit is activated. The second heating circuit can be activated cumulatively or alternatively to the first heating circuit.
- the second heating circuit can initially remain activated when the second limit temperature is exceeded until a third, higher than the second limit temperature is reached and only then is the second heating circuit deactivated.
- a hysteresis control can also be established for the first limit temperature or the first heating circuit, so that the first heating circuit is only deactivated when a fourth limit temperature that is greater than the first limit temperature is overwritten.
- one of the electrical voltages can be an electrical system voltage of a rail vehicle.
- the first heating circuit For use at different temperatures of the extinguishing agent, it makes sense if the first heating circuit is operated with a smaller heating output than the second heating circuit.
- Fig. 1 shows a fire-fighting system 2 with an extinguishing agent container 4.
- a riser pipe 6 is provided which opens into a valve 10 via an adapter piece 8.
- the adapter piece 8 is arranged in the region of an outlet opening 12 of the extinguishing agent container 4 and is preferably screwed tightly there.
- the extinguishing agent container 4 is a steel cylinder which has a plastic liner 14 on its inner surface in order to protect the material of the extinguishing agent container 4 from corrosion.
- Extinguishing liquid 16 in this case in the form of water, is stored under pressure in the extinguishing agent container 4.
- the extinguishing agent container 4 is preferably in a standby mode at a static pressure of over 5 bar, preferably over 20 bar, in particular over 100 bar.
- the extinguishing liquid 16 is expelled from the extinguishing agent container 4 via the riser pipe 8 and can then be applied, for example, via a high-pressure water mist system or corresponding high-pressure mist nozzles.
- the present fire-fighting system is used in conventional sprinkler systems, since the problem of freezing also exists there.
- the heating device in question can be used on the fire fighting system 2 shown.
- Fig. 2 shows the riser tube 6, which is encased by a heating sleeve 18.
- the heating sleeve 18 is connected directly to the outer wall of the tube 6, for example glued.
- the connection between the heating sleeve 18 and the riser pipe 6 is preferably such that no space is formed between the outer wall of the pipe 6 and the heating sleeve 8.
- the connection between heating sleeve 18 and riser pipe 6 is such that no gas or liquid can flow between heating sleeve 18 and riser pipe 6.
- At least one heating resistor 20 is provided in the heating jacket 18.
- the heating resistor 20 is encapsulated in the heating sleeve 18 and wound around the riser pipe in the assembled state.
- the material of the heating jacket 18 is preferably a solid material, in particular made of a non-conductive metal alloy or a non-conductive metal oxide.
- At least one heating resistor 20 is guided as a heating wire in the interior of the heating jacket 18. Due to the insulating property of the material of the heating jacket 18, the / the heating resistors 20 can be guided directly in the material of the heating jacket 18.
- Fig. 3a shows a development of a heating jacket 18 in a plan view.
- Two heating resistors 20a, 20b which can be switched separately from one another are guided in the heating jacket 18. It can be seen that the heating resistors 20a, 20b each have two electrical connections 22 (22a ', 22a "and 22b', 22b"). Via each of these two electrical connections 22, the heating resistors 20a, 20b, which can be embodied as heating wires, can each be supplied with an electrical voltage, which can also be different.
- the electrical power fed into the heating resistors 22a, 22b can be different, so that the heating resistors 22a, 22b can have different heating powers.
- the heating sleeve 18 can be wrapped around the riser pipe 6 if the material of the heating sleeve 18 and the heating resistors 22a, 22b is plastically deformable.
- a minimum bending radius can be predetermined by the outer radius of the riser pipe 16. Up to such a bending radius, the material of the heating sleeve 18 and the heating resistor 20a, 20b should be plastically deformable without destruction.
- Fig. 3b shows a cross section through a heating jacket 18. It can be seen that the conductor cross sections of the heating resistors 20a, 20b can be of different sizes, which leads to different heating outputs, in particular different current carrying capacities. The melting points of the materials of the heating resistors 20a, 20b can also be different.
- Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a heating means 24 on a riser tube 6.
- the heating means 24 is formed from an outer tube 24a and filling material 24c arranged in an annular space 24b between the outer tube 24a and the riser tube 6 and at least one heating resistor 20.
- the filling material 24 is preferably electrically non-conductive and thus insulates the Heating resistor 20.
- the material is preferably a good thermal conductor, so that the heating power of the heating resistor 20 can be delivered to the extinguishing agent 16 via the outer tube 24a without a great time delay.
- a heating jacket 18, as in Fig. 3a is shown can around the riser 6 in the in Fig. 5 shown form are wound or wound.
- a heating wire can also be wound around the tube.
- a single heating wire can be wrapped around the riser.
- the heating wire can be formed from an outer layer with a non-conductive oxide and can have the actual heating element with an electrically conductive wire inside.
- the heating wire is preferably plastically deformable, and a bending radius with which the wire can be bent without being destroyed or injured can correspond approximately to the outer radius of the tube.
- the heating wire itself can be so flexible that it can be wrapped around the riser pipe.
- the wire is not mounted directly on the tube, but on a holder attached to the tube.
- the heating means do not necessarily have to be arranged on the riser pipe 6, but can also be arranged on the adapter piece 8 (not shown) and also on the outer lateral surface of the extinguishing agent container 6.
- a heating mat 26 is shown which has two switching resistors 20 (not shown) which can be switched separately from one another.
- the heating resistors can be operated at different times and with different electrical outputs via electrical connections 22 (not shown), so that depending on a temperature of the extinguishing agent container 6 or of the extinguishing agent 16 stored in the extinguishing agent container 6, only one heating resistor or optionally two heating resistors can be operated.
- connection and disconnection of the electrical supply to the heating resistors 20a, 20b is in the Fig. 7 shown.
- a 24 V DC voltage supply 28 is shown as an accumulator.
- a rectifier 30 is provided, which is connected to the voltage supply of the vehicle, for example a rail vehicle, and provides an electrical direct voltage of 380 V or 400 V via its outlets.
- the respective accumulator 28 and rectifier 30 are connected to the electrical connections 22 of the heating resistors 20a, 20b (not shown) via respective switches 32, 34.
- a control circuit 36 receives a temperature signal 38 from a temperature sensor (not shown) and evaluates it. Depending on the evaluation of the temperature signal 38, the control circuit 36 closes or opens the switches 32, 34. Thus, if the temperature falls below a first limit, for example 10 ° C., the switch 32 can be closed while the switch 34 remains open.
- the heating resistor 20a is operated with a relatively small electrical power and the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 is only maintained. However, if the outside temperature continues to drop, this low heating output may not be sufficient. The temperature of the extinguishing agent then drops below a second limit temperature. Even when the two heaters are completely switched off, e.g.
- the temperature of the extinguishing liquid 16 can drop below the second, lower than the first limit temperature.
- a temperature triggers a corresponding temperature signal 38, which is evaluated by the control circuit 36 in such a way that the switch 34 is closed.
- the switch 34 can be closed cumulatively to the switch 32 or alternatively to the switch 32.
- Fig. 8 shows a detailed view of an opening 4a on an extinguishing agent container 4. It can be seen that the adapter piece 8 is screwed to the opening mouth of the opening 4.
- a first temperature sensor 40a can be arranged outside the adapter piece 8.
- a second temperature sensor 40b can be arranged inside the extinguishing agent container 4. The temperature sensors 40a, 40b can transmit a temperature signal 38 to the controller 36.
- the heating wire can be detached from the riser pipe in the region of the opening 4a and to be guided outwards in a separately sealed manner through the valve body and to be connected to the energy source there.
- the internal heating element e.g. the heating wire can either be led through the valve body or inside the riser pipe to the outside.
- the heating wire can have an electrical connection to the voltage supply on the valve, wherein a pressure-tight closure with an external plug can be used. The electrical connection can then be implemented on the outside.
- the heating sleeve 18 is arranged directly on the riser pipe 6.
- the riser pipe 6 is passed through the adapter piece 8 together with the heating jacket 18, which is preferably made of metal at least on its outer surface.
- the heating sleeve 18 is received in a sealing manner, which is indicated schematically by the O-rings 8a and 8b.
- the seal is well known and is therefore not described in detail.
- the electrical connections 22a and 22b are provided, via which the heating resistors 20a, 20b of the heating sleeve 18 can be electrically contacted.
- the heating resistors 20a, 20b are included operated with a hysteresis.
- Fig. 9 is a temperature value on the X axis in ° C.
- Switching states 1 and 2 are also plotted on the Y axis. Switching state 1 means that only one heating resistor is activated and switching state 2 means that both heating resistors are activated, i.e. electrical power is applied.
- a first heating resistor is activated, for example, when a temperature of 5 ° C. is reached. For example, this can be the one to which the lower electrical power is applied.
- the first heating resistor remains switched on as long as the temperature is between 0 and 10 ° C. Switching state 1 is only exited and the first heating resistor is switched off again when the temperature exceeds 10 ° C.
- switching state 2 is switched on.
- both heating resistors are preferably supplied with electrical power, the second heating resistor being supplied with a considerably higher electrical power than the first heating resistor. If the temperature continues to drop, it remains in switching state 2. However, the second heating resistor is only deactivated again when the temperature exceeds 5 ° C. The switching frequency is reduced by this hysteresis.
- Fig. 10 shows a rail vehicle 42 with a piping system 44 and water mist nozzles 46a-c.
- the piping system 44 is coupled to two extinguishing agent containers 4.
- the extinguishing agent containers 4 are controlled by a central controller 36, which is connected to a fire alarm center (not shown). In the event of a fire, the valves 10 are opened via the control center 36 and extinguishing agent emerges from the nozzles 46a-c.
- the controller 36 also monitors a temperature of the extinguishing agent container 4 and controls one depending on the temperature Energy supply 50, which is coupled, for example, to the central energy supply of the rail vehicle 42.
- the control of the extinguishing agent containers or the heaters therein takes place as described above.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
Der Gegenstand betrifft ein Brandbekämpfungssystem mit einem Heizmittel.The subject relates to a fire fighting system with a heating medium.
Im Bereich der mobilen Brandbekämpfungssysteme, welche gegenständlich umfasst sind, besteht bei der Verwendung von wässrigen Löschmitteln stets die Gefahr des Einfrierens des Löschmittels. Wenn Wasser als gegenständliches Löschmittel verwendet wird, insbesondere in gegenständlichen Hochdruckwassernebelsystemen, kann es dazu kommen, dass bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen, insbesondere unter 0°C, das Löschmittel einfriert. Dies führt zu zweierlei Problemen. Einerseits dehnt sich Wasser beim Gefrieren aus, so dass die Gefahr des Berstens des Löschmittelbehälters, des am Auslass des Löschmittelbehälters angeordneten Ventils oder sonstiger Vorrichtungen in dem Brandbekämpfungssystem zu befürchten ist. Andererseits ist bei gefrorenem Löschmittel eine Brandbekämpfung nicht mehr möglich. Vielmehr ist es notwendig, das Löschmittel zunächst aufzutauen, um das Brandbekämpfungssystem in einen Bereitschaftszustand zu bringen.In the field of mobile fire fighting systems, which are objectively included, there is always a risk of the extinguishing agent freezing when using aqueous extinguishing agents. If water is used as the extinguishing agent in question, especially in the high-pressure water mist systems in question, the extinguishing agent can freeze at very low temperatures, in particular below 0 ° C. This leads to two problems. On the one hand, water expands during freezing, so that there is a risk of the extinguishing agent container bursting, the valve arranged at the outlet of the extinguishing agent container or other devices in the fire-fighting system. On the other hand, fire fighting is no longer possible with frozen extinguishing agents. Rather, it is necessary to first defrost the extinguishing agent in order to bring the fire fighting system into a ready state.
Aus der
Die
Herkömmlicherweise wird in Brandbekämpfungssystemen, wie es gegenständlich auch der Fall ist, zumindest ein Löschmittelbehälter eingesetzt, in welchem Löschmittel, beispielsweise Wasser gelagert ist. Hierbei gibt es zwei Systeme, welche gegenständlich umfasst sind, nämlich einerseits sogenannte Einflaschensysteme, bei denen das Löschmittel in dem Löschmittelbehälter dauerhaft unter Druck gespeichert ist. Dieses System kann autark auslösen, ohne dass eine Pumpe oder ein sonstiges Treibmittel notwendig ist, um das Löschmittel aus dem Löschmittelbehälter auszutreiben. Bei sogenannten Zweiflaschensystemen ist in einer Flasche das Löschmittel drucklos gelagert und eine zweite Flasche speichert das Treibmittel, insbesondere ein Treibgas, beispielsweise Stickstoff unter Druck. Im Falle des Auslösens wird ein Ventil zwischen den beiden Flaschen geöffnet, so dass das Treibmittel das Löschmittel aus dem Löschmittelbehälter austreibt.Conventionally, in fire fighting systems, as is also the case objectively, at least one extinguishing agent container is used, in which extinguishing agent, for example water, is stored. There are two systems that are objectively included, namely on the one hand so-called one-bottle systems in which the extinguishing agent is permanently stored under pressure in the extinguishing agent container. This system can trigger autonomously without the need for a pump or anything else Propellant is necessary to drive the extinguishing agent out of the extinguishing agent container. In so-called two-bottle systems, the extinguishing agent is stored without pressure in one bottle and a second bottle stores the propellant, in particular a propellant gas, for example nitrogen under pressure. If triggered, a valve between the two bottles is opened so that the propellant drives the extinguishing agent out of the extinguishing agent container.
Bei beiden Systemen ist jedoch die Gefahr des Einfrierens des Löschmittels vorhanden, welcher begegnet werden muss. Dies wird heutzutage, insbesondere bei Hockdrucklöschmittelbehältern, durch Heizmatten gelöst, welche an der Außenwand des Löschmittelbehälters angeordnet sind. Bei herkömmlicherweise verwendeten Stahlzylindern als Löschmittelbehälter, sogenannten Stahldruckzylindern, ist es jedoch notwendig, zunächst den Zylinder aufzuheizen, um dann das im Inneren des Zylinders gespeicherte Löschmittel aufzuwärmen. Da im Inneren des Stahlzylinders in der Regel ein sogenannter "Liner", eine innenliegende Kunststoffschicht, an der Innenwand angeordnet ist, ist eine weitere Isolationsschicht zwischen der Heizmatte und dem aufzuheizenden Löschmittel vorhanden. Dies erhöht zum Einen den Energieverbrauch zum Aufheizen des Löschmittels und zum Anderen die Dauer, bis das Löschmittel aufgeheizt ist. Außerdem limitiert der Liner auch die einzubringende Energie, da ein zu hoher Energiefluss eine Beschädigung des Liners zur Folge hätte.With both systems, however, there is a risk of the extinguishing agent freezing, which must be countered. Nowadays, especially in the case of high pressure extinguishing agent containers, this is solved by heating mats which are arranged on the outer wall of the extinguishing agent container. With conventionally used steel cylinders as extinguishing agent containers, so-called steel pressure cylinders, however, it is necessary to first heat the cylinder in order to then warm up the extinguishing agent stored inside the cylinder. Since a so-called "liner", an internal plastic layer, is usually arranged on the inside wall of the steel cylinder, there is a further insulation layer between the heating mat and the extinguishing agent to be heated. On the one hand, this increases the energy consumption for heating up the extinguishing agent and, on the other hand, the time until the extinguishing agent is heated up. In addition, the liner also limits the energy to be introduced, since excessive energy flow would damage the liner.
Insbesondere bei der auch gegenständlich umfassten Anwendung in Schienenfahrzeugen muss die Betriebsbereitschaft des Brandbekämpfungssystems jedoch unmittelbar bei der Inbetriebnahme des Schienenfahrzeugs gewährleistet sein. Steht das Fahrzeug über Nacht beispielsweise in der Kälte und ist das Löschmittel eingefroren, muss zu Betriebsbeginn eine unnötig lange Zeit gewartet werden, bis das Schienenfahrzeug tatsächlich zur Personenbeförderung eingesetzt werden kann, nämlich erst dann, wenn das Brandbekämpfungssystem einsatzbereit ist, also das Löschmittel aufgetaut ist.In particular, in the case of the application in rail vehicles, which is also included in the object, the operational readiness of the fire-fighting system must be guaranteed immediately when the rail vehicle is put into operation. For example, if the vehicle is left in the cold overnight and the extinguishing agent is frozen, an unnecessarily long time must be waited at the start of operation before the rail vehicle can actually be used to transport people, namely only when the fire fighting system is ready for use, i.e. when the extinguishing agent is thawed .
Somit lag dem Gegenstand die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Betriebsbereitschaft von Brandbekämpfungssystemen schneller herstellen zu können und das Flüssighalten des Löschmediums energieeffizienter zu gestalten.The object was therefore based on the task of being able to produce the operational readiness of fire-fighting systems more quickly and to make the extinguishing medium more fluid in an energy-efficient manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird gegenständlich durch ein Brandbekämpfungssystem nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved objectively by a fire fighting system according to
Das Brandbekämpfungssystem umfasst dabei einen druckfesten Löschmittelbehälter. Ein solcher Löschmittelbehälter kann einerseits beispielsweise ein Stahlzylinder sein, in welchem das Löschmittel, beispielsweise Wasser, unter Druck oder drucklos gelagert sein kann. In dem Stahlzylinder kann ein sogenannter Liner vorgesehen sein, der die Innenwand des Stahlzylinders vor Korrosion schützt. Außerdem kann der Löschmittelbehälter beispielsweise ein Composit-Behälter sein, beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoffverbundwerkstoff, vorzugsweise aus einem Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff. Hierbei eignen sich insbesondere Typ 4 Composit-Behälter. Die Faserverbundwerkstoffe können beispielsweise Glasfaserverbundwerkstoffe oder Kohlefaserverbundwerkstoffe sein.The fire fighting system includes a pressure-resistant extinguishing agent container. Such an extinguishing agent container can be, for example, a steel cylinder in which the extinguishing agent, for example water, can be stored under pressure or without pressure. A so-called liner can be provided in the steel cylinder, which protects the inner wall of the steel cylinder against corrosion. In addition, the extinguishing agent container can be, for example, a composite container, for example made of a plastic composite material, preferably made of a plastic fiber composite material.
In dem Löschmittelbehälter ist vorzugsweise zumindest eine Öffnung angeordnet. Die Öffnung ist in der Regel als Auslass am Flaschenhals vorgesehen, kann jedoch vorzugsweise bei Composit -Behältern an jeder anderen beliebigen Stelle des Löschmittelbehälters vorgesehen sein. Die Öffnung kann nicht nur als Auslass gestaltet sein, sondern es ist auch möglich, dass die gegenständliche Öffnung ein Einlass ist oder auch lediglich als Service-Öffnung gebildet ist, über die ein Heizmittel und/oder ein Sensor in den Löschmittelbehälter eingeführt ist. Über einen Einlass kann Löschmittel in den Löschmittelbehälter eingelassen werden oder bei einem Zweiflaschensystem kann ein Treibgas in den Löschmittelbehälter getrieben werden, um das Löschmittel aus dem Löschmittelbehälter auszutreiben.At least one opening is preferably arranged in the extinguishing agent container. The opening is generally provided as an outlet on the bottle neck, but can preferably be provided at any other desired location of the extinguishing agent container in the case of composite containers. The opening can not only be designed as an outlet, but it is also possible for the opening in question to be an inlet or to be formed merely as a service opening via which a heating medium and / or a sensor is introduced into the extinguishing agent container. Extinguishing agent can be let into the extinguishing agent container via an inlet or, in the case of a two-bottle system, a propellant gas can be driven into the extinguishing agent container in order to expel the extinguishing agent from the extinguishing agent container.
In der Öffnung ist vorzugsweise ein Rohr angeordnet. Dieses Rohr ist vorzugsweise innerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters, wenn die Öffnung der Auslass ist, als Steigrohr gebildet, über welches das Löschmittel aus dem Löschmittelbehälter herausgetrieben werden kann. Das Steigrohr mündet in einem Adapterstück an der Öffnung und wird überführt in ein Auslassrohr außerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters. Das Steigrohr und das Auslassrohr können einstückig als auch mehrstückig sein. Das Adapterstück kann vorzugsweise als Dichtung des Rohres an der Öffnung gestaltet sein, so dass das Rohr druckdicht in das Innere des Behälters geführt ist.A tube is preferably arranged in the opening. This tube is preferably formed inside the extinguishing agent container, when the opening is the outlet, as a riser pipe, via which the extinguishing agent can be driven out of the extinguishing agent container. The riser pipe ends in an adapter piece at the opening and is transferred to an outlet pipe outside the extinguishing agent container. The riser pipe and the outlet pipe can be in one piece or in several pieces. The adapter piece can preferably be designed as a seal of the tube at the opening, so that the tube is guided pressure-tight into the interior of the container.
Gegenständlich ist nun erkannt worden, dass das Aufheizen des Löschmittels am besten dort geschieht, wo das Löschmittel selbst gelagert ist, also unmittelbar am Löschmittel. Hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Heizung im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters angeordnet wird. Zur Optimierung der Druckfestigkeit des Löschmittelbehälters ist es jedoch vorteilhaft, wenn möglichst wenige Öffnungen an dem Löschmittelbehälter vorgesehen sind. Da die Auslassöffnung ohnehin am Löschmittelbehälter vorgesehen ist, wird vorzugsweise das in der Öffnung angeordnete Rohr mit einem Heizmittel beaufschlagt, so dass ein Doppelrohr aus Heizmittel und Rohr entsteht, welches durch die Öffnung in das Innere des Löschmittelbehälters geführt ist.It has now been objectively recognized that the extinguishing agent is best heated up where the extinguishing agent itself is stored, that is to say directly on the extinguishing agent. For this purpose, it is proposed that the heater be arranged inside the extinguishing agent container. In order to optimize the compressive strength of the extinguishing agent container, however, it is advantageous if as few openings as possible are provided on the extinguishing agent container. Since the outlet opening is provided anyway on the extinguishing agent container, a heating agent is preferably applied to the pipe arranged in the opening, so that a double pipe consisting of heating agent and pipe is formed, which is guided through the opening into the interior of the extinguishing agent container.
An dem Rohr ist das Heizmittel unmittelbar angeordnet, so dass das Rohr und das Heizmittel vorzugsweise eine Baugruppe bilden. Das flächige Heizmittel ist an der Mantelfläche des Rohres angeordnet und umgreift diese zumindest teilweise. Vorzugsweise ist das Heizmittel als Flachteil gebildet, welches in einem einheitlichen Substrat zumindest einen Heizwiderstand führt. Das Heizmittel kann in der Abwicklung ein Flachteil sein, welches sich um das Rohr wickeln lässt. Vorzugsweise sind im Inneren des Heizmittels zumindest in Bereichen keine Leerräume, so dass sich das Heizmittel an der Öffnung einspannen lässt, insbesondere über das Adapterstück, um so die Öffnung gegenüber dem Heizmittel samt Rohr abdichten zu können.The heating means is arranged directly on the tube, so that the tube and the heating means preferably form an assembly. The flat heating means is arranged on the outer surface of the tube and at least partially surrounds it. The heating means is preferably formed as a flat part, which carries at least one heating resistor in a uniform substrate. The heating means can be a flat part in the development, which can be wrapped around the pipe. There are preferably no empty spaces in the interior of the heating means, at least in areas, so that the heating means can be clamped at the opening, in particular via the adapter piece, in order to be able to seal the opening with respect to the heating means together with the pipe.
Es ist erkannt worden, dass das Umwickeln des Rohres mit einem vollflächigen Heizmittel dann vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Heizmittel als Heizmanschette gebildet ist. Eine Heizmanschette kann als flächiges Bauteil, welches vorzugsweise aus einem Vollmaterial gebildet ist, geformt sein. In dem Vollmaterial kann zumindest ein Heizwiderstand als Heizwendel geführt sein.It has been recognized that wrapping the tube with a full-surface heating means is advantageous if the heating means is formed as a heating jacket. A heating jacket can be shaped as a flat component, which is preferably formed from a solid material. At least one heating resistor can be guided as a heating coil in the solid material.
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Heizmanschette das Rohr vollständig umgreift. Durch das vollständige Umgreifen, insbesondere in Teilen entlang der Längsachse des Rohres, insbesondere in einem Bereich der Öffnung kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Öffnung abgedichtet werden kann. Außerdem wird durch das Umgreifen eine möglichst große Fläche der Heizmanschette für das Heizen des Löschmittels bereitgestellt.According to the invention, it is proposed that the heating sleeve surrounds the tube completely. By completely reaching around, in particular in parts along the longitudinal axis of the tube, in particular in a region of the opening, it can be ensured that the opening can be sealed. Besides, will by reaching around the largest possible area of the heating jacket provided for heating the extinguishing agent.
Auch kann die Heizmanschette das Rohr zumindest im Bereich der Öffnung sowie im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters umgreifen. Umgreift die Heizmanschette das Rohr im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters, wird die wirksame Heizfläche maximiert. Umgreift die Heizmanschette das Rohr im Bereich der Öffnung, so ist es, wie zuvor beschrieben, möglich, den Löschmittelbehälter gas- und/oder flüssigkeitsdicht zwischen Heizmanschette und Innenumfang der Öffnung zu verschließen.The heating sleeve can also grip the pipe at least in the area of the opening and inside the extinguishing agent container. If the heating sleeve surrounds the pipe inside the extinguishing agent container, the effective heating area is maximized. If the heating sleeve surrounds the tube in the area of the opening, it is possible, as described above, to close the extinguishing agent container gas-tight and / or liquid-tight between the heating sleeve and the inner circumference of the opening.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist es möglich, dass das Rohr mit dem Heizmittel ein doppelwandiges Rohr bildet. Das Heizmittel kann ein um das Rohr angeordnetes Außenrohr sein, wobei zwischen dem Rohr und dem Außenrohr vorzugsweise ein Ringraum gebildet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Außenrohr metallisch und in dem Ringraum zwischen dem Rohr und dem Außenrohr ist zumindest ein, vorzugsweise zwei Heizwiderstände geführt. Der Heizwiderstand ist vorzugsweise gewendelt in dem Ringraum zwischen dem Rohr und dem Außenrohr.According to one embodiment, it is possible for the tube to form a double-walled tube with the heating medium. The heating means can be an outer tube arranged around the tube, an annular space preferably being formed between the tube and the outer tube. The outer tube is preferably metallic and at least one, preferably two, heating resistors are guided in the annular space between the tube and the outer tube. The heating resistor is preferably coiled in the annular space between the tube and the outer tube.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass das im Ringraum nicht durch den Heizwiderstand ausgefüllte Volumen mit einem elektrisch nicht leitenden Material gefüllt ist. Hier eignen sich vorzugsweise nicht leitende Metalllegierungen oder Metalloxide, insbesondere Magnesiumlegierungen oder Magnesiumoxide oder Oxide von den jeweiligen Legierungen.According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the volume not filled by the heating resistor in the annulus is filled with an electrically non-conductive material. Non-conductive metal alloys or metal oxides, in particular magnesium alloys or magnesium oxides or oxides of the respective alloys, are preferably suitable here.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Heizmittel aus einem flächigen Grundkörper mit zumindest einem in dem Grundkörper angeordneten Heizwiderstand gebildet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Heizmittel aus einem Flachteil aus Vollmaterial gebildet, in dem der Heizwiderstand geführt ist. Hierzu kann der Heizwiderstand in das Vollmaterial des Grundkörpers eingebettet sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Vollmaterial des Grundkörpers elektrisch nicht leitend.According to one exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that the heating means be formed from a flat base body with at least one heating resistor arranged in the base body. The heating means is preferably formed from a flat part made of solid material, in which the heating resistor is guided. For this purpose, the heating resistor can be embedded in the solid material of the base body. The solid material of the base body is preferably electrically non-conductive.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Heizmittel eine metallische Heizmanschette ist. Dadurch, dass die Heizmanschette metallisch ist, kann eine besonders einfache Abdichtung der Öffnung zwischen Manschette und Innenumfang der Öffnung erfolgen, da beispielsweise mit einer Quetschverschraubung oder einem O-Ring eine entsprechende Abdichtung der metallischen Heizmanschette in der gleichen Art erfolgen kann, wie herkömmlicherweise eine Abdichtung des in der Öffnung angeordneten Steigrohrs erfolgt.According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the heating means is a metallic heating jacket. Because the heating sleeve is metallic, the opening between the sleeve and the inner circumference of the opening can be sealed particularly easily, since, for example, a compression fitting or an O-ring can be used to seal the metallic heating sleeve in the same way as conventional sealing of the riser pipe arranged in the opening.
Die Manschette ist insbesondere aus einer nicht leitenden Metalllegierung oder einem nicht leitenden Metalloxid, beispielsweise mit einem Magnesiumbestandteil gebildet. In dem Material der Heizmanschette ist vorzugsweise ein Heizwiderstand angeordnet, vorzugsweise eingebettet und vollständig von dem Material der Heizmanschette umgriffen.The sleeve is formed in particular from a non-conductive metal alloy or a non-conductive metal oxide, for example with a magnesium component. A heating resistor is preferably arranged in the material of the heating sleeve, preferably embedded and completely encompassed by the material of the heating sleeve.
Vorzugsweise sind die Heizmanschette bzw. der Heizwiderstand und das Material der Heizmanschette aus einem plastisch zerstörungsfrei verformbaren Material gebildet. Insbesondere ist die Verformbarkeit derart, dass sich die Heizmanschette zerstörungsfrei um den Umfang des Rohres wickeln lässt. Somit bestimmt das Rohr bzw. der Rohrradius den Mindestbiegeradius, welchen das Material der Heizmanschette ermöglicht. Vorzugsweise ist die Heizmanschette um das Rohr gebogen bzw. gewickelt. Neben dem Umwickeln der Heizmanschette um das Rohr kann das Rohr innerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters gebogen sein. Zusammen mit dem Rohr kann somit die Heizmanschette auch im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters gebogen sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Rohr in Richtung einer Außenwand des Löschmittelbehälters gebogen.The heating sleeve or the heating resistor and the material of the heating sleeve are preferably formed from a plastically non-destructively deformable material. In particular, the deformability is such that the heating sleeve can be wrapped around the circumference of the tube without being destroyed. The pipe or pipe radius thus determines the minimum bending radius that the material of the heating jacket enables. The heating sleeve is preferably bent or wound around the tube. In addition to wrapping the heating jacket around the pipe, the pipe can be bent inside the extinguishing agent container. Together with the pipe, the heating sleeve can also be placed inside the extinguishing agent container be curved. The tube is preferably bent in the direction of an outer wall of the extinguishing agent container.
Wie bereits erwähnt, ist in einem Löschmittebehälter in der Regel ein Steigrohr vorgesehen, insbesondere wenn die Öffnung eine Auslassöffnung ist. Insofern ist das Rohr gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Steigrohr.As already mentioned, a riser pipe is generally provided in an extinguishing center container, in particular if the opening is an outlet opening. In this respect, the pipe is a riser pipe according to one embodiment.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Heizmittel zumindest im Bereich der Öffnung und im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters an dem Rohr angeordnet ist. Das Anordnen im Bereich der Öffnung ermöglicht das leichte Abdichten, wobei das Anordnen im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters die unmittelbare Wirkung des Heizmittels auf das Löschmittel ermöglicht.According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the heating means be arranged on the pipe at least in the area of the opening and inside the extinguishing agent container. The arrangement in the area of the opening enables easy sealing, the arrangement in the interior of the extinguishing agent container allowing the heating medium to act directly on the extinguishing agent.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass an der Öffnung die vorzugsweise ein Löschmittelauslass ist, ein Ventil angeordnet ist. Insbesondere mündet das Steigrohr bzw. das Rohr im Inneren des Löschmittelbehälters über das Adapterstück in dem Ventil. Über das Ventil lässt sich das Rohr öffnen und verschließen. Ausgehend von dem Ventil kann sich das Heizmittel über die Öffnung in das Innere des Löschmittelbehälters entlang des Rohres erstrecken. Somit reicht das Heizmittel von dem Ventil über die Öffnung bis ins Innere des Löschmittelbehälters. Außerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters, insbesondere im Bereich des Ventils bzw. des Adapterstücks kann ein elektrischer Anschluss des Heizwiderstands erfolgen.According to one exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that a valve be arranged at the opening, which is preferably an extinguishing agent outlet. In particular, the riser pipe or the pipe opens inside the extinguishing agent container via the adapter piece in the valve. The pipe can be opened and closed via the valve. Starting from the valve, the heating means can extend through the opening into the interior of the extinguishing agent container along the tube. The heating medium thus extends from the valve through the opening to the inside of the extinguishing medium container. An electrical connection of the heating resistor can take place outside the extinguishing agent container, in particular in the area of the valve or the adapter piece.
Vorzugsweise ist das Heizmittel derart gebildet, dass zunächst eine elektrische Zuleitung aufweist, die einen geringeren elektrischen Widerstand aufweist als in dem Bereich in dem das Heizen erfolgen soll. Somit hat das Heizmittel vorzugsweise einen Zuleitungsbereich und einen Heizbereich, wobei beide Bereiche vorzugsweise in einer gleichen weise am Rohr angeordnet sind, jedoch unterschiedliche elektrische Widerstände aufweisen. Der Zuleitungsbereich reicht vorzugsweise bis zu 10%, insbesondere bis zu 15% der Rohrlänge in das Innere des Behälters. Dies ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn der Behälter nur mit einem Füllgrad von weniger als 100% gefüllt ist, insbesondere mit ca. 90% gefüllt ist. Die Heizung ist daher so auszulegen, dass im oberen Bereich nicht geheizt wird, also der obere Bereich welcher im Betrieb nicht mit dem Löschmedium in Berührung kommt. Die elektrische Verbindung im Zuleitungsbereich sollte eine minimale elektrische Verlustleistung aufweisen.The heating means is preferably designed in such a way that initially it has an electrical feed line which has a lower electrical resistance than in the area in which the heating is to take place. Thus, the heating means preferably has a supply area and a heating area, both areas preferably being arranged in the same way on the tube, but having different electrical resistances. The supply area preferably extends up to 10%, in particular up to 15%, of the pipe length into the interior of the container. This is particularly useful if the container only has a filling level of less is filled as 100%, in particular is filled with about 90%. The heater must therefore be designed so that the upper area is not heated, i.e. the upper area which does not come into contact with the extinguishing medium during operation. The electrical connection in the supply area should have a minimal electrical power loss.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Rohr und das Heizmittel unmittelbar aneinander anliegend montiert sind. Das unmittelbar aneinander Anliegen bedeutet, dass insbesondere zwischen Rohr und Heizmittel kein Luftspalt vorhanden ist. Vorzugsweise ist zwischen dem Heizmittel und der Mantelfläche des Rohrs ein Kleber vorgesehen, der ein Abdichten mittels Anhaften oder Ankleben des Heizmittels an dem Rohr bewirkt.According to an exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that the tube and the heating means are mounted so as to abut one another directly. The fact that they are in direct contact with one another means that there is in particular no air gap between the pipe and the heating medium. An adhesive is preferably provided between the heating means and the outer surface of the tube, which causes sealing by means of adhering or gluing the heating means to the tube.
Um den Löschmittelbehälter mit Löschflüssigkeit füllen zu können ohne zu befürchten, dass Löschflüssigkeit ausfließt und außerdem um beispielsweise einen Gasdruck in dem Löschmittelbehälter aufbauen zu können, ist ein Abdichten der Öffnung notwendig. Das Rohr selber ist vorzugsweise über das Ventil verschlossen. Die Außenwand der Heizmanschette muss gegenüber der Öffnung des Löschmittelbehälters abgedichtet sein. Vorzugsweise ist diese Abdichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel flüssigkeitsdicht und/oder gasdicht.In order to be able to fill the extinguishing agent container with extinguishing liquid without fear of extinguishing liquid flowing out and also to be able to build up gas pressure in the extinguishing agent container, for example, the opening must be sealed. The tube itself is preferably closed via the valve. The outer wall of the heating jacket must be sealed against the opening of the extinguishing agent container. According to one exemplary embodiment, this seal is preferably liquid-tight and / or gas-tight.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel bildet das Heizmittel zusammen mit dem Rohr einen doppelwandigen Zylinder. Das Heizmittel ist an seiner Mantelfläche an der Öffnung durch eine Dichtung geführt. Hierdurch wird ein Abdichten zwischen Mantelfläche des Heizmittels und Öffnung bzw. Innenumfang der Öffnung ermöglicht, so dass der Löschmittelbehälter an der Dichtung flüssigkeitsdicht und/oder gasdicht abgedichtet ist.According to one embodiment, the heating medium forms a double-walled cylinder together with the tube. The heating medium is guided on its outer surface at the opening through a seal. This enables sealing between the outer surface of the heating means and the opening or inner circumference of the opening, so that the extinguishing agent container is sealed liquid-tight and / or gas-tight on the seal.
Wie bereits erwähnt, ist das Heizmittel vorzugsweise ein Heizwiderstand. Dieser Heizwiderstand kann gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem elektrischen Anschluss außerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters versehen sein, so dass über diesen elektrischen Anschluss der Heizwiderstand mit elektrischer Leistung beaufschlagt werden kann.As already mentioned, the heating means is preferably a heating resistor. According to one exemplary embodiment, this heating resistor can be provided with an electrical connection outside the extinguishing agent container, so that it is connected to it electrical connection, the heating resistor can be supplied with electrical power.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird auch ein Brandbekämpfungssystem vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Heizmittel zumindest zwei unabhängig voneinander schaltbare Heizkreise aufweist. Es ist erkannt worden, dass durch zwei unabhängig voneinander schaltbare Heizkreise das Aufheizen des Löschmittels abhängig von der jeweiligen Umgebungsbedingung erfolgen kann. Hierbei ist es in der Regel möglich, das Auskühlen des Löschmittels im Regelbetrieb durch eine relativ geringe Leistungszufuhr zu verhindern. Es kann bereits ausreichen, mit 50W bis einigen 100W elektrischer Heizleistung das Auskühlen des Löschmittels bei Umgebungstemperaturen um den Gefrierpunkt herum zu unterbinden.To solve the problem, a fire fighting system is also proposed, in which the heating means has at least two heating circuits which can be switched independently of one another. It has been recognized that the extinguishing agent can be heated up by two heating circuits which can be switched independently of one another, depending on the respective environmental conditions. It is usually possible to prevent the extinguishing agent from cooling down in normal operation by means of a relatively low power supply. It can be sufficient to prevent the extinguishing agent from cooling down at ambient temperatures around freezing with 50W to some 100W electrical heating power.
Auch wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Heizmittel mit unterschiedlicher Heizleistung versorgt wird, wobei die Heizleistung automatisch an die Umgebungsbedingungen angepasst wird.It is also proposed that the heating medium be supplied with different heating power, the heating power being automatically adapted to the ambient conditions.
Bei längerem Stillstand der vorzugsweise mobilen Brandbekämpfungsanlage, beispielsweise in einem Schienenfahrzeug, kann jedoch bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen dieses aufrechterhalten des flüssigen Zustands des Löschmittels nicht mehr gelingen. Dann friert das Löschmittel ein und muss, um die Betriebsbereitschaft des Brandbekämpfungssystems schnell herstellen zu können, schnell aufgetaut werden. Hierzu kann auch ein zweiter Heizkreis aufgeschaltet werden bzw. mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden, der mit einer höheren elektrischen Leistung betrieben werden kann als der erste Heizkreis. Auch kann eine Zufuhr von elektrischer Heizenergie situativ angepasst an die Umgebungsbedingungen erfolgen.If the preferably mobile fire-fighting system is at a standstill for a long time, for example in a rail vehicle, it is no longer possible to maintain the liquid state of the extinguishing agent at very low temperatures. The extinguishing agent then freezes and must be thawed quickly in order to be able to quickly make the fire fighting system ready for operation. For this purpose, a second heating circuit can also be connected or supplied with electrical energy, which can be operated with a higher electrical output than the first heating circuit. Electrical heating energy can also be supplied according to the situation and adapted to the ambient conditions.
Insbesondere können die Heizkreise mit Heizwiderständen unterschiedlicher Leitungsquerschnitte betrieben werden. Der Heizwiderstand mit dem geringeren Leitungsquerschnitt kann für die geringere elektrische Leistung ausgelegt sein und durch seinen entsprechenden spezifischen Widerstand auch bei geringerer elektrischer Leistung bei einem guten Wirkungsgrad die elektrische Energie in Heizenergie umwandeln. Der Heizkreis mit dem Heizwiderstand mit dem größeren Leitungsquerschnitt kann für das schnelle Aufheizen verwendet werden. In diesem Fall wäre die Stromstärke in dem Heizleiter mit dem niedrigeren Leitungsquerschnitt zu hoch und dieser würde zerstört werden. Daher der zweite Heizkreis, der für die höheren Stromstärken ausgelegt ist.In particular, the heating circuits can be operated with heating resistors of different line cross sections. The heating resistor with the smaller cable cross-section can be designed for the lower electrical power and, due to its corresponding specific resistance, even with a lower one electrical power with good efficiency convert electrical energy into heating energy. The heating circuit with the heating resistor with the larger cable cross section can be used for rapid heating. In this case the current strength in the heating conductor with the lower line cross section would be too high and this would be destroyed. Hence the second heating circuit, which is designed for the higher currents.
Die beiden Heizkreise können unabhängig voneinander geschaltet werden, jedoch auch gleichzeitig mit elektrischer Leistung beaufschlagt werden, um so die maximal mögliche Heizleistung zu erzielen.The two heating circuits can be switched independently of one another, but electrical power can also be applied simultaneously in order to achieve the maximum possible heating power.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Heizkreise jeweils zumindest einen Heizwiderstand aufweisen. Der Heizwiderstand ist vorzugsweise ein Heizdraht mit einem jeweils an die Heizleistung angepassten spezifischen Widerstand und/oder Leitungsquerschnitt. Insbesondere der Leitungsquerschnitt ist relevant für die Stromtragfähigkeit, welche bei den beiden Heizwiderständen vorzugsweise unterschiedlich ist.According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the heating circuits each have at least one heating resistor. The heating resistor is preferably a heating wire with a specific resistance and / or line cross section that is adapted to the heating power. In particular, the line cross-section is relevant for the current carrying capacity, which is preferably different for the two heating resistors.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass ein erster Heizwiderstand einen gegenüber einem zweiten Heizwiderstand kleineren spezifischen Widerstandswert hat. Der Heizwiderstand mit dem kleineren elektrischen Widerstand trägt den höheren elektrischen Strom und wird vorzugsweise mit der höheren elektrischen Leistung betrieben. Die Verlustleistung über den Heizwiderstand, welche in Wärmeleistung umgewandelt wird, ist somit an diesem Heizwiderstand höher, als an dem Heizwiderstand mit dem größeren spezifischen Widerstand.According to one embodiment, it is proposed that a first heating resistor have a smaller specific resistance value than a second heating resistor. The heating resistor with the smaller electrical resistance carries the higher electrical current and is preferably operated with the higher electrical power. The power loss via the heating resistor, which is converted into heating power, is thus higher at this heating resistor than at the heating resistor with the larger specific resistance.
Die beiden Heizwiderstände sind vorzugsweise für die jeweils daran angelegte elektrische Heizleistung bzw. elektrische Leistung ausgelegt, so dass deren Schmelzpunkte vorzugsweise unterschiedlich voneinander sind. Mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher Heizwiderstände ist es möglich, die Heizleistung an die jeweilige Heizleistung, insbesondere die jeweils eingespeiste elektrische Leistung anzupassen.The two heating resistors are preferably designed for the electrical heating power or electrical power applied to them, so that their melting points are preferably different from one another. With help different heating resistors, it is possible to adapt the heating power to the respective heating power, in particular the electrical power fed in in each case.
Wie bereits erwähnt, können die beidem Heizkreise mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Heizleistung, insbesondere unterschiedlicher elektrischer Leistung betrieben werden. Insofern ist es zweckmäßig, einen ersten Heizwiderstand mit einer ersten Spannungsquelle zu verbinden und einen zweiten Heizwiderstand mit einer zweiten Spannungsquelle. Vorzugsweise ist zumindest eine der Spannungsquellen eine Gleichspannungsquelle.As already mentioned, the two heating circuits can each be operated with different heating power, in particular different electrical power. In this respect, it is expedient to connect a first heating resistor to a first voltage source and a second heating resistor to a second voltage source. At least one of the voltage sources is preferably a DC voltage source.
Wie bereits erläutert, eignet sich das gegenständliche Brandbekämpfungssystem insbesondere zum Aufheizen der Löschflüssigkeit in unterschiedlichen Situationen, so dass es vorteilhaft ist, die Spannungsquellen auf unterschiedlichen elektrischen Spannungen zu betreiben, so dass die Heizwiderstände mit unterschiedlichen elektrischen Spannungen beaufschlagt werden. Die Spannungen dabei sind vorzugsweise Gleichspannungen.As already explained, the fire-fighting system in question is particularly suitable for heating the extinguishing liquid in different situations, so that it is advantageous to operate the voltage sources at different electrical voltages, so that different heating voltages are applied to the heating resistors. The voltages are preferably direct voltages.
Zum Aufrechterhalten einer gewissen Temperatur der Löschflüssigkeit über einen langen Zeitraum eignet sich eine geringe Gleichspannung, beispielsweise eine 24 V oder eine 110 V Gleichspannung. Auch kann die 110 V Gleichspannung zum Auftauen genutzt werden, und die 24V zum Aufrechterhalten des flüssigen Zustands. Beide Spannungen können beispielsweise aus einem Akkumulator gespeist werden. Eine zweite Gleichspannung kann vorzugsweise eine Spannungsversorgung eines Bordnetzes. Insbesondere kann eine zweite Gleichspannung 380 V oder 400 V betragen. Die höhere Spannung kann z.B: gepulst sein, um die Heizenergie zu regelnA low direct voltage, for example a 24 V or a 110 V direct voltage, is suitable for maintaining a certain temperature of the extinguishing liquid over a long period of time. The 110 V DC voltage can also be used for thawing, and the 24 V for maintaining the liquid state. Both voltages can be fed from an accumulator, for example. A second DC voltage can preferably be a voltage supply for an electrical system. In particular, a second DC voltage can be 380 V or 400 V. For example, the higher voltage can be pulsed to regulate the heating energy
Vorzugsweise sind die Heizkreise in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse des Heizmittels gekapselt. Insbesondere sind die Heizkreise in der Heizmanschette angeordnet. Die Heizmittel können in und/oder an dem Löschmittelbehälter angeordnet sein. Insbesondere kann die Heizmanschette an einem Steigrohr innerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters angeordnet sein. Auch ist es möglich, dass die Heizmanschette an der äußeren Mantelfläche des Löschmittelbehälters angeordnet ist, insbesondere in der Form einer Heizmatte um den Löschmittelbehälter herum gewickelt ist.The heating circuits are preferably encapsulated in a common housing of the heating means. In particular, the heating circuits are arranged in the heating jacket. The heating means can be arranged in and / or on the extinguishing agent container. In particular, the heating sleeve can be arranged on a riser pipe inside the extinguishing agent container. It is also possible that the heating jacket is arranged on the outer surface of the extinguishing agent container, in particular in the form of a heating mat is wrapped around the extinguishing agent container.
Heizmittel können auch lediglich am Adapter bzw. am Adapterkopf im Bereich der Öffnung des Löschmittelbehälters angeordnet sein. Ist das Heizmittel lediglich außerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters angeordnet, so kann für einen besseren Wärmetransport eine verbesserte Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Rohres, insbesondere des Steigrohres verwendet werden. Aus diesem Grunde wird auch vorgeschlagen, dass das Steigrohr aus einem Metallwerkstoff, vorzugsweise Kupferwerkstoff gebildet ist, welcher eine gegenüber einem Edelstahlsteigrohr erhöhte thermische Leitfähigkeit hat. Die Anordnung des Heizmittels nur am Adapterkopf ist als unabhängig zu betrachten, lässt sich jedoch mit allen anderen Merkmalen, wie sie hier beschrieben sind, kombinieren.Heating means can also be arranged only on the adapter or on the adapter head in the area of the opening of the extinguishing agent container. If the heating means is only arranged outside the extinguishing agent container, an improved thermal conductivity of the pipe, in particular of the riser pipe, can be used for better heat transport. For this reason, it is also proposed that the riser pipe be formed from a metal material, preferably copper material, which has a higher thermal conductivity than a stainless steel riser pipe. The arrangement of the heating medium only on the adapter head is to be regarded as independent, but can be combined with all other features as described here.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass zumindest ein Temperatursensor in oder an dem Löschmittelbehälter angeordnet ist. Mit Hilfe des Temperatursensors ist es möglich, die Temperatur des Löschmittelbehälters und/oder die Temperatur des Löschmittels zu erfassen. Durch Auswertung der von dem Temperatursensor gemessenen Temperatur kann ein Aufschalten der Heizmittel gesteuert werden.According to one embodiment, it is proposed that at least one temperature sensor be arranged in or on the extinguishing agent container. With the help of the temperature sensor, it is possible to detect the temperature of the extinguishing agent container and / or the temperature of the extinguishing agent. The heating means can be controlled by evaluating the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
Aus diesem Grunde wird gemäß einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel vorgeschlagen, dass eine Steuerung abhängig von einer erfassten Temperatur zumindest eines Temperatursensors die Beaufschlagung der Heizwiderstände mit elektrischer Spannung steuert. In der Steuerung kann beispielsweise eine Hysterese einprogrammiert sein, so dass beim Unterschreiten einer Grenztemperatur ein Heizkreis eingeschaltet wird und beim Überschreiben einer zweiten, höheren als der ersten Grenztemperatur der Heizkreis erst wieder ausgeschaltet wird.For this reason, it is proposed according to an advantageous embodiment that a controller controls the application of electrical voltage to the heating resistors as a function of a detected temperature of at least one temperature sensor. For example, a hysteresis can be programmed into the control so that a heating circuit is switched on when the temperature falls below a limit and the heating circuit is only switched off again when a second, higher than the first limit temperature is overwritten.
Für die Anwendung in Brandbekämpfungssystemen, vorzugsweise in Hochdruckwassernebelsystemen, ist es notwendig, dass der Löschmittelbehälter druckfest ist. Hier ist insbesondere eine Druckfestigkeit von 5 bar, vorzugsweise 50 bar, insbesondere 100 bar möglich.For use in fire fighting systems, preferably in high pressure water mist systems, it is necessary that the extinguishing agent container is pressure resistant. A pressure resistance of 5 bar, preferably 50 bar, in particular 100 bar, is possible here in particular.
Ein weiterer Aspekt ist ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brandbekämpfungssystems. Hierbei wird zumindest eine Temperatur des Löschmittelbehälters und/oder des Löschmittels in dem Löschmittelbehälter erfasst. Unterschreitet die gemessene Temperatur eine erste Grenztemperatur wird zunächst nur der erste Heizkreis aktiviert. Wird eine zweite, kleinere als die erste Grenztemperatur unterschritten, wird der zweite Heizkreis aktiviert. Das Aktivieren des zweiten Heizkreises kann kumulativ oder alternativ zum ersten Heizkreis erfolgen.Another aspect is a method of operating a fire fighting system. At least one temperature of the extinguishing agent container and / or of the extinguishing agent is detected in the extinguishing agent container. If the measured temperature falls below a first limit temperature, only the first heating circuit is activated. If the temperature falls below a second, lower than the first limit temperature, the second heating circuit is activated. The second heating circuit can be activated cumulatively or alternatively to the first heating circuit.
Durch Ausbilden einer Hysterese-Regelung kann beim Überschreiten der zweiten Grenztemperatur zunächst der zweite Heizkreis aktiviert bleiben, bis eine dritte, größere als die zweite Grenztemperatur erreicht wird und erst dann der zweite Heizkreis deaktiviert wird. Auch für die erste Grenztemperatur bzw. den ersten Heizkreis kann eine Hysterese-Regelung etabliert werden, so dass erst bei einem Überschreiben einer vierten Grenztemperatur, die größer ist als die erste Grenztemperatur der erste Heizkreis deaktiviert wird.By forming a hysteresis control, the second heating circuit can initially remain activated when the second limit temperature is exceeded until a third, higher than the second limit temperature is reached and only then is the second heating circuit deactivated. A hysteresis control can also be established for the first limit temperature or the first heating circuit, so that the first heating circuit is only deactivated when a fourth limit temperature that is greater than the first limit temperature is overwritten.
Beim Aktivieren der Heizkreise werden diese jeweils mit elektrischer Spannung beaufschlagt. Insbesondere kann eine der elektrischen Spannungen eine Bordnetzspannung eines Schienenfahrzeugs sein.When the heating circuits are activated, electrical voltage is applied to them. In particular, one of the electrical voltages can be an electrical system voltage of a rail vehicle.
Für die Anwendung bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen des Löschmittels ist es sinnvoll, wenn der erste Heizkreis mit einer kleineren Heizleistung betrieben wird als der zweite Heizkreis.For use at different temperatures of the extinguishing agent, it makes sense if the first heating circuit is operated with a smaller heating output than the second heating circuit.
Nachfolgend wird der Gegenstand anhand einer Ausführungsbeispiele zeigenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Brandbekämpfungssystem;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Rohres mit einer Heizmanschette;
- Fig. 3a
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Heizmanschette,
- Fig. 3b
- eine Schnittansicht einer Heizmanschette;
- Fig. 4
- eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung eines Heizmittels;
- Fig. 5
- eine Wicklung eines Heizmittels um ein Rohr;
- Fig. 6
- eine Anordnung eines Heizmittels an einem Löschmittelbehälter;
- Fig. 7
- eine schematische Anordnung eines elektrischen Heizmittels mit Spannungsversorgung;
- Fig. 8
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Auslasses samt Temperatursensoren und Steigrohr;
- Fig. 9
- eine Betriebsweise eines gegenständlichen Brandbekämpfungssystems;
- Fig. 10
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit einer gegenständlichen Brandbekämpfungsanlage.
- Fig. 1
- a fire fighting system;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic view of a tube with a heating sleeve;
- Fig. 3a
- 1 shows a schematic top view of a heating jacket,
- Fig. 3b
- a sectional view of a heating jacket;
- Fig. 4
- a sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating means;
- Fig. 5
- a winding of a heating medium around a pipe;
- Fig. 6
- an arrangement of a heating medium on an extinguishing agent container;
- Fig. 7
- a schematic arrangement of an electrical heating means with voltage supply;
- Fig. 8
- a schematic view of an outlet including temperature sensors and riser;
- Fig. 9
- an operation of a subject fire fighting system;
- Fig. 10
- is a schematic view of a rail vehicle with a subject fire fighting system.
Der Löschmittelbehälter 4 ist in der gezeigten Variante ein Stahlzylinder, welcher an seiner Innenfläche einen Liner 14 aus Kunststoff aufweist, um das Material des Löschmittelbehälters 4 vor Korrosion zu schützen. In dem Löschmittelbehälter 4 ist Löschflüssigkeit 16, vorliegend in Form von Wasser, unter Druck gelagert. Vorzugsweise ist der Löschmittelbehälter 4 bei einem Ruhedruck von über 5 bar, vorzugsweise über 20 bar, insbesondere über 100 bar in einem Bereitschaftsmodus. Durch Öffnen des Ventils 10 wird die Löschflüssigkeit 16 über das Steigrohr 8 aus dem Löschmittelbehälter 4 ausgetrieben und kann dann beispielsweise über ein Hochdruckwassernebelsystem bzw. entsprechende Hochdrucknebeldüsen ausgebracht werden. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass das vorliegende Brandbekämpfungssystem bei herkömmlichen Sprinkleranlagen zum Einsatz kommt, da auch dort das Problem des Einfrierens existiert.In the variant shown, the extinguishing
An dem gezeigten Brandbekämpfungssystem 2 kann die gegenständliche Heizeinrichtung zum Einsatz kommen.The heating device in question can be used on the
Wie zu erkennen ist, ist in der Heizmanschette 18 zumindest ein Heizwiderstand 20 vorgesehen. Der Heizwiderstand 20 ist in der Heizmanschette 18 eingekapselt und im montierten Zustand um das Steigrohr herum gewendelt. Das Material der Heizmanschette 18 ist vorzugsweise ein Vollmaterial, insbesondere aus einer nicht leitenden Metalllegierung oder einem nicht leitenden Metalloxid gebildet. Im Inneren der Heizmanschette 18 ist zumindest ein Heizwiderstand 20 als Heizdraht geführt. Durch die isolierende Eigenschaft des Materials der Heizmanschette 18 kann der/ können die Heizwiderstände 20 unmittelbar in dem Material der Heizmanschette 18 geführt werden.As can be seen, at least one
Die Heizmanschette 18 kann um das Steigrohr 6 herum gewickelt werden, wenn das Material der Heizmanschette 18 als auch der Heizwiderstände 22a, 22b plastisch verformbar ist. Insbesondere kann ein minimaler Biegeradius durch den Außenradius des Steigrohres 16 vorgegeben sein. Bis zu einem solchen Biegeradius sollte das Material der Heizmanschette 18 sowie der Heizwiderstand 20a, 20b plastisch zerstörungsfrei verformbar sein.The
Eine Heizmanschette 18, wie sie in
Auch kann ein Heizdraht um das Rohr gewickelt sein. Ein einzelner Heizdraht kann um das Steigrohr gewickelt sein. Der Heizdraht kann aus einer äußeren Schicht mit einem nicht leitende Oxid gebildet sein und im Inneren das eigentliche Heizelement mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Draht aufweisen. der Heizdraht ist vorzugsweise plastisch verformbar, wobei ein Biegeradius, mit dem der Draht zerstörungsfrei bzw. verletzungsfrei gebogen werden kann, in etwa dem Außenradius des Rohres entsprechen kann. Der Heizdraht kann an sich ist so biegsam sein, dass er um das Steigrohr herumgewickelt werden kann.A heating wire can also be wound around the tube. A single heating wire can be wrapped around the riser. The heating wire can be formed from an outer layer with a non-conductive oxide and can have the actual heating element with an electrically conductive wire inside. the heating wire is preferably plastically deformable, and a bending radius with which the wire can be bent without being destroyed or injured can correspond approximately to the outer radius of the tube. The heating wire itself can be so flexible that it can be wrapped around the riser pipe.
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass der Draht nicht direkt auf das Rohr montiert wird, sondern an einen am Rohr befestigten Halter.Alternatively, it is also possible that the wire is not mounted directly on the tube, but on a holder attached to the tube.
Die Heizmittel müssen nicht unbedingt an dem Steigrohr 6 angeordnet sein, sondern können auch am Adapterstück 8 (nicht gezeigt) als auch an der äußeren Mantelfläche des Löschmittelbehälters 6 angeordnet sein. In der
Das Zu- und Abschalten der elektrischen Versorgung zu den Heizwiderständen 20a, 20b ist in der
Eine Steuerschaltung 36 empfängt von einem nicht dargestellten Temperatursensor ein Temperatursignal 38 und wertet dieses aus. Abhängig von der Auswertung des Temperatursignals 38 schließt oder öffnet die Steuerschaltung 36 die Schalter 32, 34. So kann bei einem Unterschreiten einer ersten Grenztemperatur, beispielsweise 10°C der Schalter 32 geschlossen werden, während der Schalter 34 geöffnet bleibt. Mit einer relativ kleinen elektrischen Leistung wird der Heizwiderstand 20a betrieben und die Temperatur des Löschmittels 16 wird lediglich aufrecht erhalten. Sinkt die Außentemperatur jedoch weiter, kann diese geringe Heizleistung nicht ausreichen. Die Temperatur des Löschmittels sinkt dann unter eine zweite Grenztemperatur. Auch bei einem kompletten Abschalten der beiden Heizungen, z.B. im Betriebsstillstand des Fahrzeugs, kann die Temperatur der Löschflüssigkeit 16 unter die zweite, niedrigere als die erste Grenztemperatur fallen. Eine solche Temperatur löst ein entsprechendes Temperatursignal 38 aus, welches von der Steuerschaltung 36 so ausgewertet wird, dass der Schalter 34 geschlossen wird. Der Schalter 34 kann kumulativ zum Schalter 32 geschlossen werden oder alternativ zum Schalter 32.A
Bei geschlossenem Schalter 34 wird der Heizwiderstand 20b mit elektrischer Leistung des Gleichrichters 30 beaufschlagt, wobei diese elektrische Leistung erheblich höher ist, als die von dem Akkumulator 28. Dies führt zu einer höheren thermischen Verlustleistung im Heizwiderstand 20b, was dazu führt, dass die Löschflüssigkeit 16 schneller aufgeheizt wird. Insbesondere wenn die Löschflüssigkeit eingefroren ist, das Temperatursignal 38 zum Beispiel einen Temperaturwert von 0 C° meldet, kann eine solche Schnellaufheizung aktiviert werden.When the
Auch ist es möglich, dass der Heizdraht vom Steigrohr im Bereich der Öffnung 4a gelöst ist und separat abgedichtet durch den Ventilkörper nach außen geführt ist und dort mit der Energiequelle verbunden ist. Das innenliegende Heizelement, z.B. der Heizdraht, kann entweder durch den Ventilkörper oder innenliegend im Steigrohr nach außen geführt werden. Der Heizdraht kann am Ventil einen elektrischen Anschluss zur Spannungsversorgung aufweisen, wobei ein druckdichter Verschluss mit außenseitigem Stecker verwendet werden kann. Außenseitig kann dann der elektrische Anschluss realisiert sein.It is also possible for the heating wire to be detached from the riser pipe in the region of the
Ferner ist zu erkennen, dass die Heizmanschette 18 unmittelbar an dem Steigrohr 6 angeordnet ist. Das Steigrohr 6 ist samt Heizmanschette 18, die vorzugsweise zumindest an ihrer äußeren Oberfläche aus Metall gebildet ist, durch das Adapterstück 8 hindurchgeführt. Im Adapterstück 8 ist die Heizmanschette 18 dichtend aufgenommen, was schematisch durch die O-Ringe 8a und 8b angedeutet ist. Die Dichtung ist hinlänglich bekannt und wird daher nicht näher beschrieben. Außerhalb des Löschmittelbehälters 4 sind die elektrischen Anschlüsse 22a und 22b vorgesehen, über die die Heizwiderstände 20a, 20b der Heizmanschette 18 elektrisch kontaktiert werden können.It can also be seen that the
Um die Schalthäufigkeit zu verringern und ein sicheres Auftauen eines eingefrorenen Löschmittelbehälters 4 zu ermöglichen, werden die Heizwiderstände 20a, 20b mit einer Hysterese betrieben. In der
Solange die Temperatur sich zwischen 0 und 10 C° bewegt, bleibt der erste Heizwiderstand eingeschaltet. Erst wenn die Temperatur 10 C° überschreitet, wird der Schaltzustand 1 verlassen und der erste Heizwiderstand wieder ausgeschaltet.The first heating resistor remains switched on as long as the temperature is between 0 and 10 °
Sinkt die Temperatur im Schaltzustand 1 jedoch weiter und erreicht beispielsweise 0°C, so wird der Schaltzustand 2 eingeschaltet. Im Schaltzustand 2 sind vorzugsweise beide Heizwiderstände mit elektrischer Leistung beaufschlagt, wobei der zweite Heizwiderstand mit einer erheblich höheren elektrischen Leistung beaufschlagt wird als der erste Heizwiderstand. Bei weiter sinkender Temperatur bleibt es beim Schaltzustand 2. Der zweite Heizwiderstand jedoch erst wieder deaktiviert, wenn die Temperatur 5 C° überschreitet. Durch diese Hysterese wird die Schalthäufigkeit verringert.However, if the temperature in switching
Die Steuerung 36 überwacht darüber hinaus eine Temperatur der Löschmittelbehälter 4 und steuert abhängig von der Temperatur eine Energieversorgung 50, welche beispielsweise gekoppelt ist mit der zentralen Energieversorgung des Schienenfahrzeugs 42. Die Steuerung der Löschmittelbehälter bzw. der Heizungen darin erfolgt wie oben beschrieben.The
- 22nd
- BrandbekämpfungssystemFire fighting system
- 44th
- LöschmittelbehälterExtinguishing agent container
- 66
- SteigrohrRiser pipe
- 88th
- Adapteradapter
- 1010th
- VentilValve
- 1212
- AuslassöffnungOutlet opening
- 1414
- LinerLiner
- 1616
- LöschflüssigkeitExtinguishing liquid
- 1818th
- HeizmanschetteHeating sleeve
- 2020th
- HeizwiderstandHeating resistor
- 2222
- elektrische Anschlüsseelectrical connections
- 2424th
- HeizmittelHeating medium
- 24a24a
- AußenrohrOuter tube
- 24b24b
- RingraumAnnulus
- 24c24c
- Füllmaterialfilling material
- 2828
- Batteriebattery
- 3030th
- GleichrichterRectifier
- 32, 3432, 34
- Schaltercounter
- 3636
- SteuerschaltungControl circuit
- 3838
- TemperatursignalTemperature signal
- 4040
- TemperatursensorTemperature sensor
- 4242
- SchienenfahrzeugRail vehicle
- 4444
- RohrleitungssystemPiping system
- 4646
- DüsenNozzles
- 5050
- Energieversorgungpower supply
Claims (12)
- Fire-fighting system (2) comprising- a pressure-resistant extinguishing agent container (4),- at least one opening (4a) arranged in an outer wall of the extinguishing agent container (4), and- a tube (6) arranged in the opening (4a),
characterized in that,- a heating sleeve (18) completely surrounds the pipe (6) inside the extinguishing agent container (4) and/or in that the heating sleeve (18) surrounds the pipe (6) in the region of the opening (4a) and inside the extinguishing agent container. - Fire-fighting system according to claim 1,
characterized in that,- the heating sleeve (18) is formed from an outer pipe (24a) arranged around the pipe (6), the outer pipe (24a) being metallic and at least one heating resistor (20) being guided in an annular space (24b) between the pipe (6) and the outer pipe (24a). - Fire-fighting system according to claim 2,
characterized in that,- the annular space (24b) is filled with a filling of an electrically non-conductive material, in particular a metal alloy, in particular a magnesium alloy. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the heating sleeve (18) is formed from a flat base body with at least one heating resistor (20) arranged in the base body. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the heating sleeve (18) is a metallic heating sleeve, the heating sleeve (18) being formed in particular from a non-conductive metal alloy with at least one heating resistor (20) arranged therein. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the heating sleeve (18) is plastically deformable in a non-destructive manner, wherein the heating sleeve (18) is bent around the pipe (6) and/or wherein the heating sleeve (18) is bent together with the pipe (6) inside the extinguishing agent container (4). - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the pipe (6) is a riser pipe. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- a valve is arranged at the opening (12), which is preferably an extinguishing agent outlet, and/or in that the heating sleeve (18) extends from the valve via the opening (12) into the interior of the extinguishing agent container (2) on the pipe (6). - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the pipe (6) and the heating sleeve (18) bear directly against one another, in particular in that the heating sleeve (18) is bonded to the outer surface of the pipe (6) and/or and in that the heating sleeve is received in the region of the opening (12) of the extinguishing agent container (4) in a sealing manner. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the pipe (6) and the heating sleeve (18) are connected to one another in a liquid-tight and/or gas-tight manner. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the heating sleeve (18) together with the pipe (6) forms a double-walled cylinder, and in that the outer surface of the heating sleeve (18) is guided through a seal at the opening (12), so that the extinguishing agent container (4) is sealed liquid-tight and/or gas-tight at the seal. - Fire-fighting system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,- the heating sleeve (18) has an electrical connection of the at least one heating resistor (20) outside the extinguishing agent container (4).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL16766926T PL3349866T3 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-14 | Tubular heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015115450.1A DE102015115450A1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | tube heater |
PCT/EP2016/071675 WO2017046154A1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-14 | Tubular heating device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3349866A1 EP3349866A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
EP3349866B1 true EP3349866B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
Family
ID=56943517
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16766926.6A Active EP3349866B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-14 | Tubular heating device |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11147994B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3349866B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6474942B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102001194B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108348794A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015115450A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3349866T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2811910T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3349866T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017046154A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109373089A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-22 | 南通星球石墨设备有限公司 | A kind of device for preventing calcium chloride solution from easily crystallizing in inner wall of the pipe |
JP2020142032A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | ヤマトプロテック株式会社 | Freezing prevention system and fire extinguishing facility |
CN111617424A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | Fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing system |
CN112856482A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-28 | 胡兰英 | Fire extinguishing device for rural kitchen wood combustion residues |
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US3355572A (en) * | 1964-07-01 | 1967-11-28 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite electrically heated tubing product |
DE2235676A1 (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1974-02-07 | Inter Control Koehler Hermann | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE TEMPERATURE OF A MEDIUM IN A HOUSING |
JPS60211191A (en) | 1984-04-04 | 1985-10-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Long-sized heat-insulating material for piping |
JPS61200988A (en) | 1984-08-13 | 1986-09-05 | エイチエスシ−・リサ−チ・デイベロツプメント・コ−ポレ−シヨン | Reagent for fluorescent measurement |
JPS61200988U (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-16 | ||
DE3938394A1 (en) | 1989-11-18 | 1991-05-23 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Fire extinguishing installation for cold room - has preheated water stored in tank for generating gaseous extinguishant |
JP2000130652A (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-12 | Inax Corp | Flexible hose |
JP4184647B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2008-11-19 | ホーチキ株式会社 | Fire extinguisher and neutralizer |
JP2003173864A (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-20 | Ohsin Denko:Kk | Freeze prevention heating element |
JP4293081B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2009-07-08 | パナソニック株式会社 | Fluid heating device and various cleaning devices using the same |
DE102005018235B4 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2007-03-29 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Firefighting in locomotives |
DE102006032503A1 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-17 | Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for firefighting |
GB2449131A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2008-11-12 | Dean Wilkinson | Fire sprinkler assembly |
CN101411928A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-22 | 四川威龙消防设备有限公司 | Constant-pressure storage type high-pressure carbon dioxide extinguishing device with built-in evaporator |
DE202011106751U1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-01-18 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | At least partially heatable cable connector for a heatable media line and ready-made media line with such a cable connector |
-
2015
- 2015-09-14 DE DE102015115450.1A patent/DE102015115450A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-09-14 WO PCT/EP2016/071675 patent/WO2017046154A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-14 DK DK16766926.6T patent/DK3349866T3/en active
- 2016-09-14 EP EP16766926.6A patent/EP3349866B1/en active Active
- 2016-09-14 US US15/759,263 patent/US11147994B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-14 ES ES16766926T patent/ES2811910T3/en active Active
- 2016-09-14 PL PL16766926T patent/PL3349866T3/en unknown
- 2016-09-14 KR KR1020187010553A patent/KR102001194B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-09-14 CN CN201680053332.3A patent/CN108348794A/en active Pending
- 2016-09-14 JP JP2018513490A patent/JP6474942B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL3349866T3 (en) | 2020-11-16 |
DK3349866T3 (en) | 2020-08-24 |
JP2018534003A (en) | 2018-11-22 |
JP6474942B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
US20180250539A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
ES2811910T3 (en) | 2021-03-15 |
US11147994B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
KR102001194B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
CN108348794A (en) | 2018-07-31 |
EP3349866A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
KR20180049096A (en) | 2018-05-10 |
WO2017046154A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
DE102015115450A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
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