GB2449131A - Fire sprinkler assembly - Google Patents
Fire sprinkler assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2449131A GB2449131A GB0713410A GB0713410A GB2449131A GB 2449131 A GB2449131 A GB 2449131A GB 0713410 A GB0713410 A GB 0713410A GB 0713410 A GB0713410 A GB 0713410A GB 2449131 A GB2449131 A GB 2449131A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sprinkler
- fire
- pipe
- insulating
- sprinkler pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
- A62C3/004—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods for freezing warehouses and storages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
- A62C35/68—Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fire sprinkler assembly 1 for use in a fire sprinkler system, in particular for use in a fire sprinkler system serving a cold ambient environment such as, for example, walk-in cold-rooms where chilled foods are handled. The assembly comprises a sprinkler pipe 2 for connection at one end to the distribution pipe line of a fire sprinkler system, the opposite end of the sprinkler pipe being provided with a sprinkler head 7. An insulating casing 11 surrounds the sprinkler pipe and engages the sprinkler pipe in a fluid-tight seal 9 immediately behind the sprinkler head, whereby the insulating casing forms an insulating cavity 14 around the sprinkler pipe for insulating the sprinkler pipe from the ambient environment. The cavity 14 is a closed cavity filled with phenolic foam material. The assembly further comprises a trace-heating element 5 inside the insulating cavity which surrounds the supply pipe. The heating element is sandwiched between aluminium foil heat reflective sheets 6.
Description
A Fire Sprinkler Assembly" The present invention relates to a fire
sprinkler assembly for use in a fire sprinkler system, in particular for use in a fire sprinkler system serving a cold-ambient environment such as, for example, walk-in cold-rooms where chilled foods are handled.
Fire sprinkler systems are a well-known active fire-protection measure typically installed in buildings of various sizes and uses, both commercial and domestic.
Generally speaking, in operation to suppress a fire, a fire-sprinkler system will supply water under pressure through a distribution pipeline to one or more activated fire-sprinklers, normally only those sprinklers in close proximity to the fire, which in turn discharge the water through a respective sprinkler-head.
The sprinklers might activate (or "open") automatically in response to heat, or may be actuated mechanically or electro-mechanically in response to a trigger signal, depending upon the application.
In so-called "wet-pipe" fire sprinkler systems, the entire distribution pipeline is filled with pressurized water. Prior to activation of any of the sprinklers within the system, all of the sprinklers are effectively "closed" and the pressurised water is thus prevented from being discharged. Upon activation of a given fire-sprinkler, the pressurised water is immediately discharged through the respective open sprinkler-head, to provide a relatively rapid post-activation response.
In cold-ambient environments, conventional "wet-pipe" systems have the disadvantage that the pressurised water may actually freeze. Freezing of the supply water may drastically affect the ability of a "wet-pipe" system to discharge water upon subsequent activation in the event of a fire, and may also lead to physical failure of the pipeline, with subsequent undesirable leakage and discharge of (unfrozen) water. The problems associated with freezing of the water supply can occur even if only a relatively small portion of the "wet-pipe" system is exposed to the cold-ambient environment.
So-called "dry-pipe" fire sprinkler systems are intended to overcome the problem of freezing in "wet-pipe" systems. In a "dry-pipe" system, the distribution pipeline (exposed to a cold ambient temperature) is filled with a pressurised gas or air, rather than supply water, and connected to the water supply via a dry-pipe valve. The gas is maintained at a pressure which balances the water supply pressure across the dry- pipe valve, thus preventing water from entering the "dry" distribution pipeline prior to activation of any of the sprinklers in the system. Upon activation of a given fire-sprinkler, the pressurised gas in the pipeline is discharged through the open fire sprinkler head, thus increasing the pressure differential across the associated upstream dry-pipe valve and allowing pressurised water to enter the pipeline and eventually discharge through the open fire-sprinkler.
"Dry-pipe" systems have the disadvantage of a slower post-activation response time compared to "wet-pipe" systems, as the pressurised gas must first be sufficiently discharged before water can enter the pipeline system through the relevant dry-pipe valve. In time-critical fire situations, this delayed response time can be significant. The additional complexity of dry-pipe systems also increases their installation and maintenance cost compared to "wet-pipe" systems.
In any event, "dry-pipe" systems, whilst less susceptible than "wet-pipe" systems, also remain vulnerable to low ambient temperatures. Thus, if the ambient temperature is sufficiently low, a fraction of the pressurised gas may condense and subsequently freeze, potentially leading to pipeline failure, unintentional discharge of gas from the pipeline and consequent leakage of water to through the dry-pipe valve.
An additional problem may occur in either "wet-pipe" or "dry-pipe" systems in relatively high humidity environments, where condensation may also form around the outside of the pipeline. In certain cases, condensate formed on the outside of the pipeline may run down towards the sprinkler head before freezing in the region of the sprinkler head, which can in turn interfere with effective operation of the sprinkler head.
It is an object of the present invention to seek to provide an improved fire sprinkler assembly for use in a fire sprinkler system.
According to the present invention, there is provided a fire-sprinkler assembly comprising a sprinkler pipe for connection at one end to the distribution pipeline of a fire sprinkler system, the opposite end of the sprinkler pipe being provided with a sprinkler head, the fire-sprinkler assembly further comprising an insulating casing surrounding the sprinkler pipe and engaging the sprinkler pipe in a fluid-tight seal immediately behind the sprinkler head, wherein the insulating casing forms an insulating cavity around the sprinkler pipe for insulating the interior of the sprinkler pipe from the ambient environment.
The insulating cavity may be a closed cavity or an open cavity and, in either case, may be filled with an insulating material. A preferred insulating material is a phenolic-foam material.
The insulating casing is preferably substantially rigid.
A heating element, preferably a trace-heating element, may be provided inside the insulating cavity, surrounding the sprinkler pipe.
In a preferred embodiment, the insulating casing comprises a pair of casing members, the first casing member comprising an annular disc portion aligned with the internal bore of the sprinkler pipe and clamped between the sprinkler head and an annular end-face of the sprinkler pipe to form a fluid-tight seal, and the second casing member comprising a hollow elongate portion fixedly attached to the disc portion and extending along a length of the sprinkler pipe to form the insulating cavity around the sprinkler pipe.
The first casing member preferably further comprises a peripheral flange portion for bearing against the underside of a ceiling when the sprinkler pipe is attached to said distribution pipeline.
By way of example, and so that the invention may be more readily understood, an embodiment of the invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGURE 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a fire-sprinkler assembly; and FIGURE 2 shows the fire-sprinkler assembly of figure 1 in-situ as part of a fire-sprinkler system.
The fire-sprinkler assembly 1 shown in Figure 1 comprises a cylindrical sprinkler-pipe 2 provided at one end with an internal screw-thread 3 and at the opposite end with an external circumferential groove 4.
The sprinkler-pipe 2 may be formed from any suitable material which, for a given wall- thickness of the sprinkler-pipe 2, can withstand the typical fluid pressure within a fire-sprinkler system. For a wall-thickness of 3mm, a preferred material is steel.
A heating element is provided around the sprinkler-pipe 2 in the form of a trace-heating element 5, which is wrapped around the exterior of the sprinkler-pipe 2. Electric current is supplied to the trace-heating element from a remote power supply (not shown).
A layer of heat-reflective material 6, such as aluminium foil sheet, is wrapped around the outside of the trace-heating element 5, thus acting to reflect heat from the trace-heating element 5 towards the sprinkler-pipe 2. Although omitted from Figure 1 for the purpose of clarity, a similar layer of heat-reflecting material may also be provided between the trace-heating element 5 and the exterior of the sprinkler- pipe 2, so that the trace-heating element 5 is sandwiched between layers of heat-reflective material.
The sprinkler-pipe 2 is provided at one end with a sprinkler 7 and a first casing member in the form of a cap 8.
The sprinkler 7 incorporates a neck portion 7a, of approximately the same diameter as the internal bore of sprinkler-pipe 2, and a relatively large head portion 7b. The neck-portion 7a is provided with an external screw-thread 7c.
The sprinkler 7 is shown only schematically in Figure 1 and, in general terms, may be any suitable general type, including Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR), and activated in conventional manner, for example in response to heat or a particular trigger signal.
The cap 8 comprises a cylindrical cap-portion 8a, having a diameter somewhat larger than the diameter of the sprinkler pipe 2, and an outwardly-extending peripheral flange 8b extending around the rim of the cap-portion 8a to form something of a "top-hat" shape. A clearance hole 8c, having a slightly larger diameter than the neck portion 7a of the sprinkler 7, is formed at the centre of the flat end-face 8d of the cap portion 8a and the end-face 8d is aligned with the internal bore of the sprinkler pipe 2. The end face thus forms an annular disc portion aligned with the internal bore of the sprinkler pipe 2.
The neck portion 7a of the sprinkler 7 extends through the clearance hole 8c and is screwed into the threaded end of the sprinkler pipe 2. The head portion 7b of the sprinkler 7 thus clamps the flat end-face 8d of the cap portion 8a against the annular end-face of the sprinkler pipe 2, with the cylindrical cap portion extending around the outside of the sprinkler pipe 2 and the peripheral flange 8b thus extending perpendicularly outwardly in relation to the sprinkler pipe 2.
An 0-ring 9 and washer 10 provided between the annular end-face of the sprinkler pipe 2 and the end-face 8d of the cap-portion 8a ensure a fluid-tight seal between the end-face of the cap-portion and the annular end-face of the sprinkler pipe 2, immediately behind the head portion 7b of the sprinkler 7.
Still referring to Figure 1, a first casing member in the form of a cylindrical tube 11 is fixedly engaged with the cap 8 to form an insulating casing around the sprinkler pipe 2.
The cylindrical tube 11, which has an external diameter slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the cap-portion 8a of the cap 8, slots into the cap 8 and is fixedly attached to the cap 8 by means of a suitable glue, such as PVA glue 12 (the thickness of which has been greatly exaggerated in Figures 1 and 2 for the purpose of clarity).
The cylindrical tube 11 thus extends away from the sprinkler 7 along a length of the sprinkler pipe 2 to form an annular insulating cavity around the sprinkler pipe 2.
A silicone-based sealant 13 is optionally provided along the join between the cylindrical tube 11 and the rim of the cap portion 8a (adjacent the flange portion 8b); see Figure 1 in particular.
Insulating material in the form of a rigid insulating sleeve 14 is inserted into the annular insulating cavity between the sprinkler pipe 2 and the cylindrical tube 11. Preferred insulating material inctudes phenolic insulating materials such as, for example, Kooltherm , which is commercially available in rigid pipe-sections. Alternatively, the insulating material may be injected into the insulating cavity.
An annular end-plate 1 5, which fits over the sprinkler pipe 2, engages with the end of the cylindrical tube 11 opposite the sprinkler 7 in a sealing friction-fit to close the insulating cavity. Again, a silicone-based sealant 16 is preferably provided along the join between the sprinkler pipe 2 and the annular end-plate 15.
Referring now to figure 2, the fire sprinkler assembly 1 is shown installed within a cavity ceiling 17 of a building, where the ceiling 17 forms part of a temperature-controlled "cold room". Examples of a temperature-controlled cold room include a chill-room or walk-in refrigerator for handling frozen or chilled foods or the like.
To install the sprinkler assembly 1, a hole is initially formed in the cavity ceiling 17, the hole being of suitable diameter to allow the sprinkler assembly 1 to be inserted up through the cavity ceiling 17 from below.
Once inserted through the ceiling 17, the sprinkler pipe 2 is attached to the main distribution pipeline 18 of a fire sprinkler system, in the cavity above the ceiling 17, by means of a suitable clamp 19 (shown only schematically in Figure 2) which engages the circumferential groove 4.
The drop' of the cap-portion 8b is preferably selected so that, when the sprinkler pipe 2 is clamped to the distribution pipeline 18, the peripheral flange of the cap 8 bears against the underside of the ceiling 17, as shown in figure 2. It is preferred that there is a 50mm drop from the ceiling 17 to the end face 8d.
The distribution pipeline 18 may be part of any general fire-sprinkler system.
Where the distribution pipeline 18 forms part of a "wet-pipe" system, the sprinkler pipe 2 will be full of pressurised water, even prior to activation of the sprinkler 7.
Due to the temperature-controlled conditions within the "cold room" there will be an ambient temperature gradient along the length of the sprinkler pipe 2, whereby the ambient temperature will progressively decrease as one moves from the upper end of the sprinkler pipe 2 down towards the sprinkler 7.
In the fire sprinkler assembly 1, the insulating casing (formed by cylindrical tube 11 and shroud 8), insulating sleeve 14 and end-plate 15 act to insulate the sprinkler-pipe 2 from the cold ambient environment above and below the cavity ceiling 17, thus tending to reduce the possibility that the water in the sprinkler pipe 2 will freeze.
As an additional protective measure, the trace-heating element 5 may also be used, either continuously or periodically, to maintain the water in the supply pipe at a sufficiently high temperature to prevent the water in the sprinkler pipe 2 from freezing.
By selecting appropriate dimensions for the cylindrical tube 11 and insulating sleeve 14 the reduction in the risk of freezing in the supply pipe 2 can be optimised. The factors influencing the dimensions of the cylindrical tube and insulating sleeve will be readily appreciated; for example, the length of the cylindrical tube can be selected in accordance with the length of the sprinkler pipe 2 which is at a sufficiently increased risk of freezing to warrant protection, whilst the thickness of the insulating sleeve can be selected in accordance with the projected minimum ambient temperature for that particular application.
Using a combination of conventional fire sprinklers and one or more fire sprinkler assemblies 1, it is envisaged that one may employ a single "wet-pipe" system serving both "cold rooms" and "warm rooms" within a building, where otherwise a single dry-pipe system or separate wet-pipe and dry-pipe systems might otherwise have been employed.
In the case of a "dry-pipe" fire system, the sprinkler pipe 2 will not be full of water prior to activation of the sprinkler 7, but will instead be filled with a pressurised gas or air.
In such cases, it is envisaged that installing fire sprinkler assembly 1 will nevertheless reduce the possibility of any condensate freezing in the "dry" pipe, and will also tend to reduce the rate of condensation of the pressurised gas, tending to keep the interior of the sprinkler pipe relatively "dry" even below and immediately above the cold ceiling 17.
Again, it is envisaged that the trace heating element 5 can be used either continuously or periodically to further reduce the risk of condensate forming and freezing.
Referring to Figure 2, it will also be appreciated that any condensation formed on the external surface of the supply pipe 2, along the length of the cylindrical tube 11, will be prevented from running down to the sprinkler 7 by the fluid-tight seal formed by the 0-ring 9. Condensation will instead collect in the bottom of the cap portion 8a, where it may eventually evaporate, particularly if trace-heating element 5 is switched on.
In addition, in the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 2, the peripheral flange portion 8b seals sufficiently against the underside of the ceiling 17 to prevent condensation passing in-between the flange portion 8b and the ceiling 17.
Whilst the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 incorporates a heater, it is envisaged that in an alternative embodiment, the heater will be omitted.
Similarly, whilst the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises an end-plate, it is envisaged that, in alternative embodiments, this end-plate will be omitted, so that the insulating cavity will be open rather than closed. It is envisaged that such an open insulating cavity will be filled with insulating material.
In a yet further embodiment, it is envisaged that the insulating cavity may be a partially or substantially totally evacuated, hermetically sealed cavity.
The fire sprinkler assembly may also be provided with temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of the insulation material within the insulting casing and the cold ambient temperature. It is envisaged that the heater would then be operated in accordance with the sensed insulation material temperature and sensed ambient temperature.
Claims (10)
1. A fire-sprinkler assembly comprising a sprinkler pipe for connection at one end to the distribution pipeline of a fire sprinkler system, the opposite end of the sprinkler pipe being provided with a sprinkler head, the fire-sprinkler assembly further comprising an insulating casing surrounding the sprinkler pipe and engaging the sprinkler pipe in a fluid-tight seal immediately behind the sprinkler head, wherein insulating casing forms an insulating cavity around the sprinkler pipe for insulating the interior of the sprinkler pipe from the ambient environment.
2. A fire-sprinkler assembly according to claim 1, wherein the insulating cavity is a closed cavity.
3. A fire-sprinkler assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insulating cavity is filled with an insulating material.
4. A fire-sprinkler assembly according to claim 3, wherein the insulating material is a phenolic-foam material.
5. A fire-sprinkler assembly according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insulating casing is substantially rigid.
6. A fire-sprinkler assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the assembly comprises a heating element inside the insulating cavity, surrounding the sprinkler pipe.
7. A fire-sprinkler assembly according to claim 6, wherein the heating element is a trace-heating element.
8. A fire sprinkler assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the insulating casing comprises a pair of casing members, the first casing member comprising an annular disc portion aligned with the internal bore of the sprinkler pipe and clamped between the sprinkler head and annular end-face of the sprinkler pipe to form a fluid-tight seal, and the second casing member comprising a hollow elongate portion fixedly attached to the first casing member and extending from the disc portion along a length of the sprinkler pipe to form the insulating cavity around the sprinkler pipe.
9. A fire sprinkler assembly according to claim 8, wherein the first casing member further comprises a peripheral flange portion for bearing against the underside of a ceiling when the sprinkler pipe is attached to said distribution pipeline.
10. A fire sprinkler assembly substantially as described herein, with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
11 A fire sprinkler system comprising a distribution pipeline and at least one fire sprinkler assembly in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, the or each fire sprinkler assembly being connected to the distribution pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0713410A GB2449131A (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Fire sprinkler assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0713410A GB2449131A (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Fire sprinkler assembly |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0713410D0 GB0713410D0 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
| GB2449131A true GB2449131A (en) | 2008-11-12 |
Family
ID=38461366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0713410A Withdrawn GB2449131A (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Fire sprinkler assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2449131A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011101902A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Calanbau Brandschutzanlagen Gmbh | Fire extinguishing system for discharging fire in cold areas such as cold stores, has tube which extends from extinguishing agent supply to extinguishing agent outlet, where extinguishing agent outlet is arranged in cold portion of tube |
| WO2017046154A1 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tubular heating device |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3938394A1 (en) * | 1989-11-18 | 1991-05-23 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Fire extinguishing installation for cold room - has preheated water stored in tank for generating gaseous extinguishant |
| WO1997042443A1 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-13 | Ameron International Corporation | Fire resistant sprinkler coupling |
| JP2000279545A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | Sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment |
| JP2000308693A (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-07 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | Sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment |
| US20030075343A1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-04-24 | National Foam, Inc., D/B/A Kidde Fire Fighting | Dry sprinkler |
| AU2004100686A4 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2004-09-23 | Hales And Lunn Pty Ltd | Insulated fire sprinkler extension |
-
2007
- 2007-07-10 GB GB0713410A patent/GB2449131A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3938394A1 (en) * | 1989-11-18 | 1991-05-23 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Fire extinguishing installation for cold room - has preheated water stored in tank for generating gaseous extinguishant |
| WO1997042443A1 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-13 | Ameron International Corporation | Fire resistant sprinkler coupling |
| JP2000279545A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | Sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment |
| JP2000308693A (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-07 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | Sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment |
| US20030075343A1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-04-24 | National Foam, Inc., D/B/A Kidde Fire Fighting | Dry sprinkler |
| AU2004100686A4 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2004-09-23 | Hales And Lunn Pty Ltd | Insulated fire sprinkler extension |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011101902A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Calanbau Brandschutzanlagen Gmbh | Fire extinguishing system for discharging fire in cold areas such as cold stores, has tube which extends from extinguishing agent supply to extinguishing agent outlet, where extinguishing agent outlet is arranged in cold portion of tube |
| DE102011101902B4 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2017-11-02 | Calanbau Brandschutzanlagen Gmbh | Fire extinguishing system for cold environments |
| WO2017046154A1 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tubular heating device |
| CN108348794A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-07-31 | 弗格泰布兰舒尔茨有限公司 | Tubular heating device |
| US11147994B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2021-10-19 | Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh | Pipe heating installation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0713410D0 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |