EP3329172B1 - Procédé de pilotage d'un dispositif de pompage raccorde à une barrière thermiquement isolante d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz liquéfié - Google Patents

Procédé de pilotage d'un dispositif de pompage raccorde à une barrière thermiquement isolante d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz liquéfié Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3329172B1
EP3329172B1 EP16750984.3A EP16750984A EP3329172B1 EP 3329172 B1 EP3329172 B1 EP 3329172B1 EP 16750984 A EP16750984 A EP 16750984A EP 3329172 B1 EP3329172 B1 EP 3329172B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquefied gas
pressure
phase
thermally insulative
gas
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16750984.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3329172A2 (fr
Inventor
Bruno Deletre
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP3329172A2 publication Critical patent/EP3329172A2/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes for the storage of a liquefied gas.
  • Sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the multilayer structure comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier comprising insulating elements resting against a supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a thermally insulating barrier primary comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank and resting against the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • Such membrane tanks are sensitive to the pressure differences on either side of each of the membranes, and in particular to the pressure difference on either side of the primary waterproofing membrane.
  • an overpressure of the primary thermally insulating barrier relative to the interior of the tank is liable to lead to tearing of the primary waterproofing membrane. Therefore, to guarantee the integrity of the primary sealing barrier, it is preferable to maintain a pressure inside the primary thermally insulating barrier which is lower than that prevailing inside the tank so that the The pressure difference on either side of the primary waterproofing membrane tends to press the latter against the secondary thermally insulating barrier and not to tear it away from the secondary insulating barrier.
  • WO2014203530 and FR2781036 disclose a method for controlling a pumping device and an installation for storing a liquefied gas as defined in the preamble of claims 1 and 13.
  • An idea at the basis of the invention is to provide a method for controlling a pumping device connected to a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank which makes it possible to effectively protect at least one sealing membrane of the tank. tank.
  • Such a method is particularly effective for protecting the waterproofing membrane when the vessel is placed under a pressure below atmospheric pressure (which was not hitherto provided for in the state of the art). This is particularly likely to occur when the liquefied gas is mainly stored in the vessel in a sub-cooled thermodynamic state, that is to say at a temperature which is lower than the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the gas considered. to the gas storage pressure in the tank.
  • the Applicant has recently developed cooling devices making it possible to reduce the temperature of a portion of the liquefied gas stored in the vessel below its liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature so as to limit the natural evaporation of the liquefied gas and allow its sustainable storage. Such a method is therefore particularly suitable for meeting the specific needs of tanks equipped with such cooling devices.
  • the vapor phase in the gas overhead of the vessel and the liquid phase of the liquefied gas are not, at any point of the tank, at equilibrium.
  • the vapor phase is liable to heat up and tends to stratify inside the tank. It is thus possible to observe temperature gradients of the order of 100 ° C. in the vapor phase when the vessel is lightly filled and no stirring is carried out in the vessel to homogenize the temperature of the vapor phase.
  • the interface between the vapor phase and the liquid phase is in a stationary state, at equilibrium. It is at this interface that the vapor phase condenses or that the liquid phase evaporates depending on the local temperature and pressure conditions.
  • thermally insulating barrier it is possible to ensure that the pressure prevailing inside the thermally insulating barrier is low enough to remain lower than the pressure likely to be reached in the interior space in the event of instantaneous condensation of part of the vapor phase of the cargo, without incurring unnecessary energy expenditure.
  • Another idea at the basis of the invention is to propose a method for controlling a device for cooling a liquefied gas which makes it possible to effectively protect at least one sealing membrane of the tank.
  • Such an installation can be part of an onshore storage installation, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a ship comprises a double hull and an abovementioned installation, the tank of the installation for storing a liquefied gas being arranged in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or land storage installation. and a pump for driving a fluid through insulated pipelines from or towards the floating or terrestrial storage facility to or from the vessel of the vessel.
  • gas is generic in nature and is equally intended for a gas consisting of a single pure substance or a gas mixture consisting of a plurality of components.
  • a liquefied gas thus designates a chemical body or a mixture of chemical bodies which has been placed in a liquid phase at low temperature and which would appear in a vapor phase under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
  • an installation 1 for storing and cooling a liquefied gas according to a first embodiment is shown.
  • Such an installation 1 can be installed on a floating structure such as an LNG carrier, a liquefaction or regasification barge.
  • the installation 1 comprises a sealed and thermally insulating tank 2 with membranes.
  • the tank 2 comprises walls having a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside towards the inside of the tank 2, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 3 comprising a gas phase and insulating elements resting against a supporting structure 4, a secondary waterproofing membrane 5 resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3, a primary thermally insulating barrier 6 comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane 5 and a gas phase and a primary waterproofing membrane 7 intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas 8 contained in the tank.
  • such membrane tanks 2 are described in patent applications. WO14057221 , FR2691520 and FR2877638 .
  • the tank is equipped with a vapor collection device, not illustrated, passing through a ceiling wall of the tank and opening out into the upper part of the internal space of the tank.
  • a vapor collection device is equipped with a valve arranged to allow evacuation of the steam from the inside to the outside of the tank when the pressure inside the internal space of the tank 2 is greater than a threshold.
  • the valve is further configured so as to prevent a flow of gas from flowing, in the collection device. steam, from the outside to the inside of the tank 2 and thus allows a depressurization of the internal space of the tank 2.
  • a device for collecting steam is described in the document WO2013093261 .
  • Liquefied gas 8 is a combustible gas.
  • the liquefied gas 8 can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n- butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, neopentane, and nitrogen in small proportions.
  • the fuel gas can also be ethane or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from the refining of petroleum comprising essentially propane and butane.
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • the liquefied gas 8 is stored in the interior space of the tank 2 in a two-phase liquid-vapor state.
  • the liquefied gas 8 is therefore present in the vapor phase in the upper part of the tank 2 and in the liquid phase in the lower part of the tank 2.
  • the installation 1 further comprises a device for cooling the liquefied gas stored in the tank 2 arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of said gas.
  • a device for cooling the liquefied gas stored in the tank 2 arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of said gas.
  • a portion of the liquefied gas is placed in a sub-cooled thermodynamic state.
  • the installation comprises a vaporization device 20 intended to take a flow of gas in liquid phase from the tank 2 and to expand it in order to vaporize it by using the latent heat of vaporization of the gas to cool the liquefied gas 8 remaining in the tank. tank 2.
  • FIG. 5 represents a liquid-vapor equilibrium diagram of methane.
  • This diagram represents the domain, denoted L, in which the methane occurs in liquid phase and the domain, denoted by V, in which the methane occurs in the vapor phase, as a function of the pressure represented on the abscissa and the temperature represented on the ordinate .
  • Point P1 represents a two-phase equilibrium state corresponding to the state of the methane stored in tank 2 at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of approximately -162 ° C.
  • the equilibrium of the expanded methane shifts to the left up to at point P2.
  • the methane thus expanded therefore undergoes a temperature reduction of approximately 7 ° C.
  • the methane withdrawn being placed in thermal contact via the vaporization device 20 with the methane remaining in the tank 2, it vaporizes at least partially and, by vaporizing, subtracts from the liquid methane stored in the tank 2 the necessary calories vaporization, which allows the liquid methane remaining in tank 2 to be cooled.
  • the methane remaining in the tank 2 is therefore placed at a temperature below its equilibrium temperature at the storage pressure of the methane in the tank 2.
  • the inlet circuit is equipped with one or more pressure drop members, not shown, making it possible to create a pressure drop and opening inside the vaporization chamber 22 so as to relax the flow of liquefied gas. taken.
  • the vaporization device is also equipped with a vacuum pump 24, arranged outside the tank and associated with the outlet circuit 23.
  • the vacuum pump 24 makes it possible to suck a flow of liquefied gas stored in the tank 2 towards the. vaporization chamber 22 and to deliver it in the vapor phase to a circuit for using gas in the vapor phase 25.
  • the absolute working pressure prevailing inside the vaporization chamber 22 is between 120 and 950 mbar, advantageously between 650 and 850 mbar, and for example of the order of 750 mbar.
  • the circuit for using the gas in the vapor phase 25 may in particular be connected to an energy production equipment of the powertrain, not shown, making it possible to propel the ship.
  • energy production equipment is in particular chosen from heat engines, combustion cells and gas turbines.
  • the installation 1 is equipped with another device for cooling the liquefied gas making it possible to place the liquefied gas 8 in a sub-cooled thermodynamic state.
  • the installation 1 here comprises a gas sampling circuit in the vapor phase 9.
  • the gas sampling circuit in the vapor phase 9 comprises a duct 10 passing through a wall of the vessel 2 in order to define a passage for evacuation of the vapor phase, from the inside to the outside of the tank 2.
  • the duct 10 comprises an inlet 11 opening out inside the interior space of the vessel 2 in a vacuum bell 31.
  • the vacuum bell 31 is a hollow body arranged in the upper part of the interior space of the vessel 2 such that its upper portion is in contact and filled with the vapor phase liquefied gas 8 stored in tank 2 and that its lower portion is immersed in the liquid phase of liquefied gas 8 stored in tank 2.
  • the inlet 11 of the vapor phase gas sampling circuit 9 opens into the upper portion of the vacuum bell 20.
  • the sampling circuit 9 also comprises a vacuum pump 12 which is connected, upstream, to the pipe and, downstream, to a circuit for using gas in the vapor phase 13.
  • the vacuum pump 12 is thus able to suck. , through the pipe 10, a flow of gas in the vapor phase present in the vacuum chamber 31 and to deliver it to the circuit for using gas in the vapor phase 13.
  • the sampling circuit 9 here comprises a valve 19 or a non-return valve, arranged upstream or downstream of the vacuum pump 12 and thus making it possible to avoid a return of the gas flow in vapor phase towards the interior space of the tank 2.
  • the vacuum pump 12 is able to generate in the upper portion of the vacuum chamber 31 a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure which makes it possible to promote vaporization of the liquefied gas inside the vacuum chamber 20. Therefore, the vapor phase inside the vacuum bell 31 being placed at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, the vaporization of the liquefied gas 8 is promoted at the liquid / vapor interface inside the vacuum bell 31 while that the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2 is placed in a two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium state in which the liquefied gas 8 has a temperature below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of said liquefied gas at atmospheric pressure.
  • the cooling device comprises a liquefaction device comprising a first circuit 34 comprising an inlet 32 capable of collecting liquefied gas in the vapor phase in the interior space of the tank 2 and an outlet 33 capable of returning liquefied gas in the liquid phase in the interior space of the tank 2.
  • the liquefaction device further comprises a refrigeration circuit 35 in which a refrigerant circulates.
  • the refrigeration circuit 35 comprises a compressor 36, a condenser 37, a pressure reducer 38 and an evaporator 39 in which the refrigerant evaporates taking calories from the liquefied gas circulating in the first circuit 34.
  • a cooling device is in particular disclosed in the document EP2853479 .
  • the cooling device comprises a refrigeration unit 40 which circulates liquid nitrogen at approximately -196 ° C in a pin tube 41, which has the effect of refrigerating the liquefied gas around the tube 41. Since the Refrigerated liquefied gas becomes more dense, it undergoes a downward movement in the tank 2 and the not yet refrigerated liquefied gas conversely undergoes an upward movement. This convection movement is channeled through the convection well 42 in order to create this convection movement throughout the tank 2. During its circulation, the liquid nitrogen undergoes evaporation, which makes it possible to benefit from the latent heat of evaporation. nitrogen to cool the liquefied gas. At the outlet of the tube 23, the nitrogen is re-liquefied in the refrigeration unit 41.
  • a cooling device is in particular described in the application. FR2785034 .
  • the installation 1 comprises, in the embodiment shown, a pumping device which comprises a vacuum pump 16 which is connected to a pipe 17 opening into the internal space of the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 and a vacuum pump 14 which is connected to a pipe 15 opening into the internal space of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
  • a pumping device aims to maintain the gaseous phases inside the primary 6 and secondary 3 thermally insulating barriers under pressures lower than the pressure prevailing in the interior space of the tank 2.
  • the pressure differences between the membranes tend to press them towards the outside and not to tear them towards the inside of the tank 2 .
  • the vacuum pumps 14, 16 are cryogenic pumps, that is to say pumps capable of withstanding cryogenic temperatures below -150 ° C. They also comply with ATEX regulations, i.e. designed to avoid any risk of explosion.
  • the vacuum pumps 14, 16 can be made from various ways, for example Roots type (i.e. rotary lobes), paddle type, liquid ring, screw type, with a venturi type effector.
  • the installation 1 further comprises a control module 26 making it possible to control the vacuum pump 14 and the vacuum pump 16 so as to regulate the pressures prevailing in the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 and in the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
  • the control module 26 may have a single element, as in the embodiment shown, or two elements; these can be respectively associated with the control of one and the other of the two vacuum pumps 14, 16.
  • the control module 26 is connected to at least one temperature sensor 27 which is immersed in the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2 and thus makes it possible to deliver a measurement of the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored. in the tank 2.
  • the temperature sensor 27 is placed near the bottom of the tank 2.
  • the temperature sensor. temperature 27 is also positioned close to the heat exchange walls of the vaporization chamber 22.
  • the temperature sensor 27 can be produced by any means such as a thermocouple or a platinum resistance thermometer, for example.
  • the installation 1 further comprises at least one pressure sensor 28 making it possible to deliver a measurement of the pressure P1 of the gas phase inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 and a pressure sensor 29 making it possible to deliver a measurement of the pressure P2 of the gas phase inside the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
  • the control module 26 is arranged to generate a control value of the vacuum pump 16 as a function of a setpoint pressure P c1 and of the measurement of the pressure P1 of the gas phase inside the thermally insulating barrier. primary 6 so as to control the pressure P1 to the setpoint pressure P c1 .
  • the control module 26 is arranged to generate a control value for the vacuum pump 14 as a function of a setpoint pressure P c 2 and of the measurement of the pressure P2 of the gas phase inside. of the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 so as to control the pressure P2 to the setpoint pressure P c 2.
  • the function g makes it possible to determine the saturated vapor pressure associated with the temperature of the liquid phase measured in the tank 2 and thus makes it possible to determine a pressure value lowering the absolute pressure likely to be reached in the event of condensation of the vapor phase liquefied gas stored in the tank.
  • the function g is representative of the liquid vapor equilibrium curve of the component which, among the components present in non-negligible quantities, is the most volatile.
  • the function g used is representative of the liquid vapor equilibrium curve of pure methane. Therefore, taking as a reference the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the most volatile component, a pressure of saturated vapor lowering the saturated vapor pressure of the gas mixture. This approach is simple and robust and does not require determining in real time the composition of the liquefied gas, the latter being liable to vary over time.
  • the image of such a temperature by the aforementioned function g is 565 millibars.
  • the pressure in the tank is theoretically not liable to drop below an absolute pressure of 565 millibars.
  • the setpoint pressure P c1 is then 545 millibars.
  • control module 26 is also arranged to determine the setpoint pressure P c2 for the secondary thermally insulating barrier 6.
  • ⁇ ' 2 is a positive constant, for example between 10 and 30 mbar.
  • ⁇ ' 2 is a negative constant, for example between -10 and -30 mbar.
  • the setpoint pressure P c1 for the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 and / or the setpoint pressure P c2 is not determined as a function of a measurement of the temperature of the liquefied gas 8 but by taking as variable T in the aforementioned equations, a variable corresponding to a minimum threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas, for a determined operating state of the device for cooling the liquefied gas.
  • the installation comprises a temperature sensor arranged at the outlet of the vaporization chamber 22 and measuring either the temperature of the gas flow in the vapor phase circulating inside the vaporization chamber 22 or the temperature of a wall of the vaporization chamber 22.
  • the temperature thus measured is representative of the minimum temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored inside the tank 2.
  • the method for controlling the vacuum pump 16 and the vacuum pump 14 also makes it possible to guarantee that the pressures of the gaseous phases inside the primary 6 and secondary 3 thermally insulating barriers are at all times lower than the pressure in the interior space of the tank 2.
  • the installation may include a temperature sensor arranged in the refrigeration circuit and measuring the return temperature of the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the evaporator 39.
  • the temperature thus measured is also representative. of the minimum temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored inside the tank 2 and can therefore also be used for determining the setpoint pressure P c1 , and optionally for determining the setpoint pressure P c2 .
  • the device for cooling the liquefied gas is designed to comply with a minimum temperature threshold T min for the liquid phase of the liquefied gas.
  • the device for cooling the liquefied gas is controlled such that the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas does not drop below said temperature threshold T min .
  • the operating parameters of the cooling device are therefore set so that the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas does not drop below the aforementioned threshold.
  • the minimum temperature threshold can be guaranteed by setting a corresponding threshold pressure inside the vaporization chamber 22.
  • the minimum temperature threshold can be guaranteed by setting a corresponding threshold pressure inside the vacuum chamber 31.
  • the liquefied gas cooling device is a liquefaction device comprising a gas circulation circuit cooperating with a refrigerating circuit
  • compliance with the minimum temperature threshold can be ensured by setting a flow rate or a threshold pressure for the refrigerant in the refrigeration circuit.
  • the temperature can be measured on the fins of the refrigeration circuit evaporator and the capacity of the refrigeration circuit can be regulated, with an appropriate safety coefficient, as a function of the temperature measured so as to respect the aforementioned minimum temperature threshold. .
  • the temperature threshold T min is set beforehand and then communicated to the control module 26.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary watertight barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary watertight barrier arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
  • loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the figure 6 shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipeline 76 and a shore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be oriented. 'suitable for all LNG tankers.
  • a connecting pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
  • the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
  • the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP16750984.3A 2015-07-29 2016-07-22 Procédé de pilotage d'un dispositif de pompage raccorde à une barrière thermiquement isolante d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz liquéfié Active EP3329172B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1557250A FR3039499B1 (fr) 2015-07-29 2015-07-29 Procede de pilotage d'un dispositif de pompage raccorde a une barriere thermiquement isolante d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz liquefie
PCT/FR2016/051921 WO2017017364A2 (fr) 2015-07-29 2016-07-22 Procede de pilotage d'un dispositif de pompage raccorde a une barriere thermiquement isolante d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz liquefie

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EP3329172A2 EP3329172A2 (fr) 2018-06-06
EP3329172B1 true EP3329172B1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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JP (1) JP6605703B2 (ko)
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FR3073602B1 (fr) 2017-11-10 2019-11-22 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Methode de determination d'une valeur optimale d'au moins un parametre de mise en oeuvre d'un procede de mise en froid d'une cuve etanche et themiquement isolante
FR3087537B1 (fr) * 2018-10-22 2021-01-29 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Procede de test d’etancheite d’une membrane et dispositif de detection de fuite associe
US11566753B2 (en) 2018-12-27 2023-01-31 Chart Inc. Vapor pressure regulator for cryogenic liquid storage tanks and tanks including the same
KR102467833B1 (ko) * 2019-06-25 2022-11-15 삼성중공업 주식회사 액화가스 저장탱크 구조체
JP6595143B1 (ja) * 2019-07-03 2019-10-23 株式会社神戸製鋼所 圧縮機ユニット及び圧縮機ユニットの制御方法
JP6716183B1 (ja) * 2019-07-22 2020-07-01 株式会社神戸製鋼所 圧縮機ユニットの制御方法、圧縮機ユニット及び圧縮ステージ
FR3107941B1 (fr) * 2020-03-09 2022-03-11 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Bloc modulaire isolant pour cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante
RU2743874C1 (ru) * 2020-04-10 2021-03-01 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НПК Изотермик" Устройство для хранения сжиженных газов
NO20201155A1 (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-25 Ic Tech As Improved cryogenic storage tank
CN112855515B (zh) * 2021-03-12 2022-01-28 深圳市鑫路远电子设备有限公司 一种真空泵安全监测方法和装置
JP2022157756A (ja) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-14 川崎重工業株式会社 多重殻タンク、船舶およびガス圧調整方法
JP7038885B1 (ja) * 2021-10-12 2022-03-18 レール・リキード－ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード 二酸化炭素ガスおよび／または液化二酸化炭素の冷却システム、冷却方法、およびその冷却システムを備える液化二酸化炭素貯蔵タンク、その液化二酸化炭素貯蔵タンクを備える船舶

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WO2017017364A2 (fr) 2017-02-02
JP2018529049A (ja) 2018-10-04
CN107850260B (zh) 2020-03-31
JP6605703B2 (ja) 2019-11-13
CN107850260A (zh) 2018-03-27
FR3039499A1 (fr) 2017-02-03
KR102035643B1 (ko) 2019-10-23
WO2017017364A3 (fr) 2017-04-13
KR20190119181A (ko) 2019-10-21
FR3039499B1 (fr) 2018-12-07
KR20180017105A (ko) 2018-02-20
KR102079267B1 (ko) 2020-02-19
EP3329172A2 (fr) 2018-06-06

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