EP3239620A1 - Air extraction fan with variable flow cross-section in case of fire - Google Patents

Air extraction fan with variable flow cross-section in case of fire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3239620A1
EP3239620A1 EP17168460.8A EP17168460A EP3239620A1 EP 3239620 A1 EP3239620 A1 EP 3239620A1 EP 17168460 A EP17168460 A EP 17168460A EP 3239620 A1 EP3239620 A1 EP 3239620A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passage
normal
air
fan according
outlet
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EP17168460.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3239620B1 (en
Inventor
Romain AGIN
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Aereco
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Aereco
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • F24F7/025—Roof ventilation with forced air circulation by means of a built-in ventilator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F24F11/34—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke by opening air passages

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust fan provided for renewing the air of a building, in particular for a dwelling or a tertiary building.
  • Buildings receiving people including housing or tertiary premises such as schools or offices, usually include a ventilation system of the various rooms to renew the air, including a system for extracting air from the premises, and air inlets from outside to compensate for this extraction.
  • the main purpose of room air renewal is to remove air pollutants related to the presence of occupants, the presence of equipment or machines used in these rooms, as well as those emitted by the building itself. even.
  • the ventilation of the premises can be natural, with air ducts from different rooms to open to the outside, which have a thermal draw activated by the difference in natural pressure when the air is colder outside. When the outside temperature is higher the pressure differential between the inside and the outside is lost, and the air flow may be insufficient.
  • Ventilation of the premises can also be achieved by a controlled mechanical ventilation called "VMC", comprising a turbine driven by an electric motor running continuously, which generates a vacuum to activate the flow in the air ducts opening to the outside.
  • VMC controlled mechanical ventilation
  • an intermediate ventilation system also called hybrid ventilation, comprises a turbine with a stationary low pressure drop in the duct, which is stopped when the thermal draft of the natural ventilation is sufficient, and which rotates at a speed variable adapted when the natural ventilation and insufficient to compensate the flow too low.
  • the speed of the turbine can be adjusted automatically according to the outside temperature which activates the natural ventilation.
  • the present invention proposes for this purpose an air extraction fan intended to be arranged on a building at the outlet of a ventilation circuit, having a normal passage for the exit of the air towards the outside, this fan being remarkable in that it comprises a deformable portion closing a passage to the outside, which deforms in temperature under the effect of hot gases in the fan during a fire, so as to form an additional outlet passage s' adding to the normal output passage to increase the total passage section outward.
  • the exhaust fan according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other.
  • the deformable portion is disposed below the normal air outlet passage.
  • the deformable portion may form a flared collar that opens outwardly approaching the normal passage of air outlet. Aeraulic form is thus given to the outlet air duct to the outside.
  • the exhaust fan may comprise successively from below a base cylinder, the flared shell of the deformable part which fits fittingly on this cylinder, the normal cylindrical air outlet passage, and a hat covering this passage.
  • the deformable portion comprises a plastic material shaped by molding or thermoforming, producing no inflamed drop in case of fire. In this way, a complex shape that is easily deformable in temperature is simply and economically produced.
  • the exhaust fan may comprise an air extraction turbine driven by a motor.
  • An integrated assembly is thus formed comprising a means of depression to activate the air flow in all atmospheric conditions.
  • the extraction turbine comprises a plastic material which softens and flexes with the temperature of the flow of hot gases in the fan.
  • the normal output passage comprises a protection grid.
  • the section of the additional outlet passage of the fan is equal to at least the section of the normal outlet passage.
  • the Figures 1, 2 and 3 have an air extraction fan intended to be placed on the roof or terrace of a building, comprising a lower cylinder 2 whose base is surrounded by a flat horizontal ring 4, receiving inside the passage of air extraction.
  • gussets 6 distributed around the periphery of the lower cylinder 2, are fixed on the flat base ring 4 to frame fixing holes of this ring on the building, strengthening its connection with the cylinder.
  • the assembly is made of steel sheets.
  • a cap 14 placed above the exhaust fan has a basic circular contour having a diameter greater than that of the lower cylinder 2 to cover it, which is fixed above this cylinder leaving a vertical distance of total passage of Exit H.
  • the cap 14 is connected to the lower cylinder 2 by four bars 28 distributed over the contour and arranged in two vertical planes intersecting along the axis, each of which comprises starting from the bottom a slightly inclined outwardly 10, then a length vertical 12.
  • a circular ring of reduced section 8 connects the four bars 28 between them at the base of the vertical lengths 12, it is substantially at half height of the total output passage H.
  • the cap 14 has a generally circular shape bulging outwards, delimited by a lower plane 16 and an upper plane 18 which are horizontal.
  • the curved circular shape has four recesses 20 arranged in vertical planes, distributed around the periphery, each comprising at its base a horizontal plane having a bore 22 allowing screwing on a horizontal flat ring fixed at the top of the vertical lengths 12 of the webs 28.
  • the cap 14 is formed by molding or thermoforming a plastic material, which makes it possible to directly obtain a finished product with complex shapes.
  • the air extraction fan comprises inside an axial tube 24 made of sheet metal, of significantly reduced diameter relative to that of the lower cylinder 2 so as to allow the passage of the extraction flow between them.
  • the inner tube 24 has an internally disposed electric motor, the end of the downwardly facing shaft receiving a turbine fitted into the lower cylinder 2 so as to generate the air extraction flow if necessary.
  • the turbine has vanes having a very low pressure drop for the air flow at standstill, which makes it possible to leave the engine stopped when the natural draft is sufficient.
  • the lower cylinder 2 extends above it in a manner adjusted by a flared circular flange 30, molded of plastics material, which comprises by mounting a gradually flared outwardly, so as to end slightly below the circular ring 8 connecting the bars 28 between them, with a substantially equivalent diameter.
  • the figure 4 presents the exhaust fan without the flared shell 30, having a protective grid 50 which circumnavigates the normal exit passage, so as to protect this output of intrusions, leaves or birds for example.
  • the Figures 5 and 6 have the flared shell 30 having at its base a small circular recess of constant height 32 allowing adjustment in the base cylinder 2, having holes 40 receiving twelve rivets distributed around the periphery and passing through the base cylinder, in order to ensure a secure fixation on its entire periphery.
  • Flared shell 30 has at the bottom four notches 34, each allowing the passage of the base of a bar 28 which is fitted therein.
  • the flared shell 30 comprises in the upper part a stiffening flange 36, comprising a horizontal part turned outwards then a vertical part turned upwards, also having four notches 38 each allowing the passage of a bar 28 which is fitted in. not to exceed outside this shell.
  • the operation of the exhaust fan according to the invention is as follows. In normal operation, the turbine being stopped or running at a variable speed, the air flow is guided by the flared shell 30 to gradually climb outward through the normal flow section output of height H1, above this ferrule.
  • the ventilation circuit then extracts air and fumes at a high temperature, which can reach in particular 400 ° C.
  • a high temperature which can reach in particular 400 ° C.
  • the fastening rivets of the lower contour of the flared shell 30 on the base cylinder 2 clamp the plastic material of this ferrule with wide washers, in order to ensure a circular maintenance of this contour on the cylinder, avoiding that it does not retract inward which would hinder the passage of gases.
  • the plastic material of the flared shell a material having a low temperature, good mechanical and chemical resistance, in particular high rigidity, and which will easily flex with the temperature of the fumes, without producing an inflamed drop.
  • the protective grid 50 may also be chosen from a fusible material, so as to bend and possibly melt to increase the passage section of the fumes in case of fire.
  • the fan turbine is also selected from a plastic material that easily softens with the flue gas temperature, causing its retraction towards the axis and downwards so as to release the passage of the fumes by reducing the losses of loads caused by the turbine at a standstill.
  • the fume extraction with the ventilation circuit is thus easily and economically promoted with these various measures even if the turbine no longer operates, which improves the safety of people and buildings.
  • An example of well-adapted dimensions for a large variety of buildings includes a diameter of the base cylinder 2 of the exhaust fan of about 430mm, an outer diameter of the shell flared about 600mm, a height of the normal passage of exit H1 about 150mm, and a height of the additional H2 exit passage of about 140mm.
  • the exhaust fan according to the invention is applied to a ventilation circuit with or without a motorized turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Ventilateur d'extraction d'air prévu pour être disposé sur un bâtiment en sortie d'un circuit de ventilation, présentant un passage normal pour la sortie de l'air vers l'extérieur, ce ventilateur étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une partie déformable (30) fermant un passage vers l'extérieur, qui se déforme en température sous l'effet d'un débit de gaz chauds dans le ventilateur lors d'un incendie, de manière à former un passage additionnel de sortie s'ajoutant au passage normal de sortie pour augmenter la section totale de passage vers l'extérieur.An air exhaust fan adapted to be arranged on a building at the outlet of a ventilation circuit, having a normal passage for the outlet of the air to the outside, this fan being characterized in that it comprises a deformable part (30) closing an outward passage, which deforms in temperature under the effect of a flow of hot gases in the fan during a fire, so as to form an additional outlet passage adding at the normal exit passage to increase the total passage section to the outside.

Description

La présente invention concerne un ventilateur d'extraction prévu pour renouveler l'air d'un bâtiment, en particulier pour une habitation ou un bâtiment tertiaire.The present invention relates to an exhaust fan provided for renewing the air of a building, in particular for a dwelling or a tertiary building.

Les bâtiments recevant des personnes, notamment les logements ou les locaux tertiaires comme les écoles ou les bureaux, comportent généralement un système d'aération des différentes pièces pour renouveler l'air, comprenant un système d'extraction de l'air des locaux, et des entrées d'air venant de l'extérieur afin de compenser cette extraction.Buildings receiving people, including housing or tertiary premises such as schools or offices, usually include a ventilation system of the various rooms to renew the air, including a system for extracting air from the premises, and air inlets from outside to compensate for this extraction.

Le renouvellement de l'air des pièces a pour principal objectif d'évacuer les polluants de l'air liés à la présence des occupants, à la présence du matériel ou des machines utilisées dans ces locaux, ainsi que ceux émis par le bâtiment lui-même.The main purpose of room air renewal is to remove air pollutants related to the presence of occupants, the presence of equipment or machines used in these rooms, as well as those emitted by the building itself. even.

En particulier chaque personne respirant pendant une journée un volume d'air d'environ 12m3, il est important pour des raisons d'hygiène et de confort de réaliser un renouvellement de l'air des pièces fermées. On renouvelle aussi cet air pour contrôler le taux d'hygrométrie intérieur du bâtiment. De plus il est nécessaire de maîtriser le débit du renouvellement d'air, afin de limiter les déperditions thermiques dues à l'évacuation de l'air intérieur chauffé en hiver.In particular each person breathing a day of air volume of about 12m 3 , it is important for reasons of hygiene and comfort to achieve a renewal of air closed rooms. This air is also renewed to control the indoor hygrometry rate of the building. In addition it is necessary to control the rate of air change, in order to limit heat losses due to the evacuation of indoor air heated in winter.

La ventilation des locaux peut être naturelle, avec des conduits d'air partant de différentes pièces pour déboucher à l'extérieur, qui présentent un tirage thermique activé par la différence de pression naturelle quand l'air est plus froid à l'extérieur. Quand la température extérieure est plus élevée on perd le différentiel de pression entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur, et le débit d'air peut être insuffisant.The ventilation of the premises can be natural, with air ducts from different rooms to open to the outside, which have a thermal draw activated by the difference in natural pressure when the air is colder outside. When the outside temperature is higher the pressure differential between the inside and the outside is lost, and the air flow may be insufficient.

La ventilation des locaux peut être aussi réalisée par une ventilation mécanique contrôlée appelée « VMC », comportant une turbine entraînée par un moteur électrique tournant en permanence, qui génère une dépression pour activer le débit dans les conduits d'air débouchant à l'extérieur.Ventilation of the premises can also be achieved by a controlled mechanical ventilation called "VMC", comprising a turbine driven by an electric motor running continuously, which generates a vacuum to activate the flow in the air ducts opening to the outside.

En variante un système de ventilation intermédiaire, appelé aussi ventilation hybride, comporte une turbine présentant à l'arrêt une faible perte de charge dans le conduit, qui est arrêtée quand le tirage thermique de la ventilation naturelle est suffisante, et qui tourne à une vitesse variable adaptée quand la ventilation naturelle et insuffisante pour compenser le débit trop faible. En particulier la vitesse de la turbine peut être ajustée automatiquement en fonction de la température extérieure qui active la ventilation naturelle.Alternatively an intermediate ventilation system, also called hybrid ventilation, comprises a turbine with a stationary low pressure drop in the duct, which is stopped when the thermal draft of the natural ventilation is sufficient, and which rotates at a speed variable adapted when the natural ventilation and insufficient to compensate the flow too low. In particular the speed of the turbine can be adjusted automatically according to the outside temperature which activates the natural ventilation.

De cette manière on obtient toujours un débit d'air suffisant pendant toute l'année avec une turbine arrêtée autant que possible, et une vitesse croissante en fonction des besoins pour établir le débit nécessaire, ce qui réduit la consommation de courant électrique et les émissions sonores.In this way, sufficient airflow is achieved throughout the year with a turbine shut off as much as possible, and increasing speed as needed to establish the required flow, which reduces power consumption and emissions. sound.

Toutefois un problème se pose en cas d'incendie, la ventilation devant garantir un débit suffisant dans toutes les conditions, notamment en présence d'une turbine quand elle est à l'arrêt alors qu'elle freine ce débit par une restriction de la section de passage. Le classement au feu des ventilateurs d'extraction d'air doit être du type « C4 », qui impose un débit de ventilation suffisant pendant 30mn minimum alors que la température de l'air extrait est de 400°C.However, a problem arises in the event of a fire, the ventilation having to guarantee a sufficient flow in all the conditions, in particular in the presence of a turbine when it is stopped while it brakes this flow by a restriction of the section. of passage. The fire rating of the exhaust air fans must be of type "C4", which requires a sufficient ventilation flow for at least 30 minutes while the temperature of the extracted air is 400 ° C.

La présente invention propose à cet effet un ventilateur d'extraction d'air prévu pour être disposé sur un bâtiment en sortie d'un circuit de ventilation, présentant un passage normal pour la sortie de l'air vers l'extérieur, ce ventilateur étant remarquable en ce qu'il comporte une partie déformable fermant un passage vers l'extérieur, qui se déforme en température sous l'effet de gaz chauds dans le ventilateur lors d'un incendie, de manière à former un passage additionnel de sortie s'ajoutant au passage normal de sortie pour augmenter la section totale de passage vers l'extérieur.The present invention proposes for this purpose an air extraction fan intended to be arranged on a building at the outlet of a ventilation circuit, having a normal passage for the exit of the air towards the outside, this fan being remarkable in that it comprises a deformable portion closing a passage to the outside, which deforms in temperature under the effect of hot gases in the fan during a fire, so as to form an additional outlet passage s' adding to the normal output passage to increase the total passage section outward.

Un avantage de ce ventilateur d'extraction d'air et qu'en cas d'incendie dans le bâtiment, le passage de l'air ou des fumées à température plus élevée dans ce ventilateur s'accompagne d'un échauffement de la partie déformable, qui se déforme en augmentant alors automatiquement la section de passage des fumées vers l'extérieur et en réduisant la perte de charge du flux, ce qui améliore le débit. On peut en particulier compenser une perte de charge due à l'arrêt d'une turbine d'extraction, dans le cas où l'installation en comporte une.An advantage of this exhaust fan and in case of fire in the building, the passage of air or fumes at higher temperature in this fan is accompanied by heating of the deformable portion , which deforms by automatically increasing the section of passage of smoke to the outside and reducing the pressure drop of the flow, which improves the flow. In particular, it is possible to compensate a pressure drop due to the stopping of an extraction turbine, in the case where the installation includes one.

On facilite alors la sortie naturelle des gaz chauds dans le bâtiment vers l'extérieur.It facilitates the natural exit of hot gases in the building to the outside.

Le ventilateur d'extraction selon l'invention peut de plus comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, qui peuvent être combinées entre elles.The exhaust fan according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other.

Avantageusement, la partie déformable est disposée en-dessous du passage normal de sortie d'air.Advantageously, the deformable portion is disposed below the normal air outlet passage.

Dans ce cas, la partie déformable peut former une virole évasée qui s'ouvre vers l'extérieur en se rapprochant du passage normal de sortie d'air. On donne ainsi une forme aéraulique au conduit de sortie d'air vers l'extérieur.In this case, the deformable portion may form a flared collar that opens outwardly approaching the normal passage of air outlet. Aeraulic form is thus given to the outlet air duct to the outside.

En particulier, le ventilateur d'extraction peut comporter successivement en partant du bas un cylindre de base, la virole évasée de la partie déformable qui se raccorde de manière ajustée sur ce cylindre, le passage normal de sortie d'air de forme cylindrique, et un chapeau couvrant ce passage.In particular, the exhaust fan may comprise successively from below a base cylinder, the flared shell of the deformable part which fits fittingly on this cylinder, the normal cylindrical air outlet passage, and a hat covering this passage.

Avantageusement, la partie déformable comporte une matière plastique mise en forme par moulage ou thermoformage, ne produisant pas de goutte enflammée en cas d'incendie. On réalise ainsi simplement et de manière économique une forme complexe facilement déformable en température.Advantageously, the deformable portion comprises a plastic material shaped by molding or thermoforming, producing no inflamed drop in case of fire. In this way, a complex shape that is easily deformable in temperature is simply and economically produced.

En particulier, le ventilateur d'extraction peut comporter une turbine d'extraction d'air entraînée par un moteur. On forme ainsi un ensemble intégré comprenant un moyen de mise en dépression pour activer le flux d'air dans toutes les conditions atmosphériques.In particular, the exhaust fan may comprise an air extraction turbine driven by a motor. An integrated assembly is thus formed comprising a means of depression to activate the air flow in all atmospheric conditions.

Avantageusement, la turbine d'extraction comporte un matériau plastique qui se ramollit et fléchit avec la température du débit des gaz chauds dans le ventilateur.Advantageously, the extraction turbine comprises a plastic material which softens and flexes with the temperature of the flow of hot gases in the fan.

Avantageusement, le passage normal de sortie comporte une grille de protection.Advantageously, the normal output passage comprises a protection grid.

Avantageusement, la section du passage additionnel de sortie du ventilateur est égale à au moins la section du passage normal de sortie.Advantageously, the section of the additional outlet passage of the fan is equal to at least the section of the normal outlet passage.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après donnée à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1, 2 et 3 sont des vues respectivement en perspective, de côté et de dessus, d'un ventilateur d'extraction d'air selon l'invention comportant sa partie déformable, la grille de sortie étant démontée ;
  • la figure 4 présente ce même ventilateur comportant sa grille de sortie, sa partie déformable étant démontée ;
  • la figure 5 présente en perspective la partie déformable seule ; et
  • la figure 6 est une vue de côté de la partie déformable, montrant sa déformation en température.
The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will emerge more clearly on reading the following description given by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1, 2 and 3 are views respectively in perspective, from the side and from above, of an exhaust air fan according to the invention comprising its deformable part, the outlet grille being disassembled;
  • the figure 4 presents the same fan with its outlet grille, its deformable portion being disassembled;
  • the figure 5 presents in perspective the deformable part alone; and
  • the figure 6 is a side view of the deformable part, showing its deformation in temperature.

Les figures 1, 2 et 3 présentent un ventilateur d'extraction d'air prévu pour être posé sur la toiture ou la terrasse d'un bâtiment, comportant un cylindre inférieur 2 dont la base est entourée par une couronne horizontale plate 4, recevant à l'intérieur le passage d'extraction d'air.The Figures 1, 2 and 3 have an air extraction fan intended to be placed on the roof or terrace of a building, comprising a lower cylinder 2 whose base is surrounded by a flat horizontal ring 4, receiving inside the passage of air extraction.

Quatre goussets 6 répartis sur le pourtour du cylindre inférieur 2, sont fixés sur la couronne plate de base 4 pour encadrer des perçages de fixation de cette couronne sur le bâtiment, en renforçant sa liaison avec le cylindre. L'ensemble est réalisé dans des tôles d'acier.Four gussets 6 distributed around the periphery of the lower cylinder 2, are fixed on the flat base ring 4 to frame fixing holes of this ring on the building, strengthening its connection with the cylinder. The assembly is made of steel sheets.

Un chapeau 14 posé au-dessus du ventilateur d'extraction présente un contour circulaire de base comportant un diamètre supérieur à celui du cylindre inférieur 2 pour le recouvrir, qui est fixé au-dessus de ce cylindre en laissant une distance verticale de passage total de sortie H.A cap 14 placed above the exhaust fan has a basic circular contour having a diameter greater than that of the lower cylinder 2 to cover it, which is fixed above this cylinder leaving a vertical distance of total passage of Exit H.

Le chapeau 14 est relié au cylindre inférieur 2 par quatre barrettes 28 réparties sur le contour et disposées dans deux plans verticaux se croisant suivant l'axe, qui comportent chacune en partant du bas une longueur légèrement inclinée vers l'extérieur 10, puis une longueur verticale 12. Un anneau circulaire de section réduite 8 relie les quatre barrettes 28 entre elles au niveau de la base des longueurs verticales 12, il se trouve sensiblement à mi-hauteur du passage total de sortie H.The cap 14 is connected to the lower cylinder 2 by four bars 28 distributed over the contour and arranged in two vertical planes intersecting along the axis, each of which comprises starting from the bottom a slightly inclined outwardly 10, then a length vertical 12. A circular ring of reduced section 8 connects the four bars 28 between them at the base of the vertical lengths 12, it is substantially at half height of the total output passage H.

Le chapeau 14 comporte une forme globalement circulaire bombée vers l'extérieur, délimitée par un plan inférieur 16 et un plan supérieur 18 qui sont horizontaux. La forme circulaire bombée présente quatre creux 20 disposés dans des plans verticaux, répartis sur le pourtour, comprenant chacun à sa base un plan horizontal présentant un perçage 22 permettant le vissage sur une couronne horizontale plate fixée en haut des longueurs verticales 12 des barrettes 28.The cap 14 has a generally circular shape bulging outwards, delimited by a lower plane 16 and an upper plane 18 which are horizontal. The curved circular shape has four recesses 20 arranged in vertical planes, distributed around the periphery, each comprising at its base a horizontal plane having a bore 22 allowing screwing on a horizontal flat ring fixed at the top of the vertical lengths 12 of the webs 28.

Avantageusement le chapeau 14 est formé par le moulage ou le thermoformage d'une matière plastique, qui permet d'obtenir directement un produit fini avec des formes complexes.Advantageously, the cap 14 is formed by molding or thermoforming a plastic material, which makes it possible to directly obtain a finished product with complex shapes.

Le ventilateur d'extraction d'air comporte à l'intérieur un tube axial 24 réalisé en tôle métallique, de diamètre nettement réduit par rapport à celui du cylindre inférieur 2 de manière à laisser le passage du flux d'extraction entre eux.The air extraction fan comprises inside an axial tube 24 made of sheet metal, of significantly reduced diameter relative to that of the lower cylinder 2 so as to allow the passage of the extraction flow between them.

Le tube intérieur 24 comporte un moteur électrique disposé à l'intérieur, dont l'extrémité de l'arbre tourné vers le bas reçoit une turbine ajustée dans le cylindre inférieur 2 de manière à générer le flux d'extraction d'air si nécessaire. La turbine comporte des aubes présentant à l'arrêt une très faible perte de charge pour le flux d'air, ce qui permet de laisser le moteur arrêté quand le tirage naturel est suffisant.The inner tube 24 has an internally disposed electric motor, the end of the downwardly facing shaft receiving a turbine fitted into the lower cylinder 2 so as to generate the air extraction flow if necessary. The turbine has vanes having a very low pressure drop for the air flow at standstill, which makes it possible to leave the engine stopped when the natural draft is sufficient.

Un câble électrique 26 venant de l'extérieur monte à l'extérieur du cylindre inférieur 2, puis d'une barrette 28, pour arriver dans le chapeau 14 et alimenter le moteur électrique.An electric cable 26 coming from the outside rises outside the lower cylinder 2, then a bar 28, to get into the cap 14 and power the electric motor.

Le cylindre inférieur 2 se prolonge au-dessus de manière ajustée par une collerette circulaire évasée 30, moulée en matière plastique, qui comporte en montant une forme progressivement évasée vers l'extérieur, de manière à se terminer légèrement en dessous de l'anneau circulaire 8 reliant les barrettes 28 entre elles, avec un diamètre sensiblement équivalent.The lower cylinder 2 extends above it in a manner adjusted by a flared circular flange 30, molded of plastics material, which comprises by mounting a gradually flared outwardly, so as to end slightly below the circular ring 8 connecting the bars 28 between them, with a substantially equivalent diameter.

Dans un fonctionnement normal l'air montant verticalement dans le ventilateur d'extraction entre le tube intérieur 24 et le cylindre de base 2, est progressivement guidé radialement vers l'extérieur par la collerette évasée 30, pour sortir radialement dans le passage normal de sortie de hauteur H1, formé entre cette collerette et le chapeau 14.In normal operation, the air rising vertically in the exhaust fan between the inner tube 24 and the base cylinder 2 is progressively guided radially outwards by the flared collar 30, to exit radially in the normal outlet passage. of height H1, formed between this collar and the hat 14.

La figure 4 présente le ventilateur d'extraction sans la virole évasée 30, comportant une grille de protection 50 qui fait le tour du passage normal de sortie, de manière à protéger cette sortie d'intrusions, de feuilles ou d'oiseaux par exemple.The figure 4 presents the exhaust fan without the flared shell 30, having a protective grid 50 which circumnavigates the normal exit passage, so as to protect this output of intrusions, leaves or birds for example.

Les figures 5 et 6 présentent la virole évasée 30 comportant à sa base un petit retrait circulaire de hauteur constante 32 permettant un ajustement dans le cylindre de base 2, présentant des perçages 40 recevant douze rivets de fixation répartis sur le pourtour et traversant ce cylindre de base, afin d'assurer une fixation solide sur son pourtour complet. La virole évasée 30 comporte en partie inférieure quatre échancrures 34, permettant chacune le passage de la base d'une barrette 28 qui est ajustée dedans.The Figures 5 and 6 have the flared shell 30 having at its base a small circular recess of constant height 32 allowing adjustment in the base cylinder 2, having holes 40 receiving twelve rivets distributed around the periphery and passing through the base cylinder, in order to ensure a secure fixation on its entire periphery. Flared shell 30 has at the bottom four notches 34, each allowing the passage of the base of a bar 28 which is fitted therein.

La virole évasée 30 comporte en partie supérieure un rebord de rigidification 36, comprenant une partie horizontale tournée vers l'extérieur puis une partie verticale tournée vers le haut, présentant aussi quatre échancrures 38 permettant chacune le passage d'une barrette 28 qui est ajustée dedans pour ne pas dépasser à l'extérieur de cette virole.The flared shell 30 comprises in the upper part a stiffening flange 36, comprising a horizontal part turned outwards then a vertical part turned upwards, also having four notches 38 each allowing the passage of a bar 28 which is fitted in. not to exceed outside this shell.

Le fonctionnement du ventilateur d'extraction d'air selon l'invention est le suivant. Dans un fonctionnement normal, la turbine étant à l'arrêt ou en marche à une vitesse variable, le débit d'air est guidé par la virole évasée 30 pour en montant progressivement partir vers l'extérieur au travers de la section de passage normal de sortie de hauteur H1, au-dessus de cette virole.The operation of the exhaust fan according to the invention is as follows. In normal operation, the turbine being stopped or running at a variable speed, the air flow is guided by the flared shell 30 to gradually climb outward through the normal flow section output of height H1, above this ferrule.

En cas d'incendie dans le bâtiment, le circuit de ventilation extrait alors de l'air et des fumées à une température élevée, qui peut atteindre en particulier 400°C. En choisissant le matériau plastique de la virole évasée 30, on obtient sous l'effet de ces gaz chauds un échauffement et un ramollissement de ce matériau, qui tend à s'affaisser vers l'extérieur et vers le bas comme présenté par les flèches F de la figure 6, pour atteindre la position basse 42.In case of fire in the building, the ventilation circuit then extracts air and fumes at a high temperature, which can reach in particular 400 ° C. By choosing the plastic material of the flared shell 30, it is obtained under the effect of these hot gases heating and softening of this material. material, which tends to sag outwards and downwards as presented by the arrows F of the figure 6 to reach the low position 42.

Avantageusement les rivets de fixation du contour inférieur de la virole évasée 30 sur le cylindre de base 2 serrent la matière plastique de cette virole par des rondelles larges, afin d'assurer un maintien circulaire de ce contour sur le cylindre, en évitant qu'il ne se rétracte vers l'intérieur ce qui gênerait le passage des gaz.Advantageously, the fastening rivets of the lower contour of the flared shell 30 on the base cylinder 2 clamp the plastic material of this ferrule with wide washers, in order to ensure a circular maintenance of this contour on the cylinder, avoiding that it does not retract inward which would hinder the passage of gases.

On a alors le dégagement d'un passage additionnel de sortie des gaz chauds, qui peut présenter après une ouverture complète la hauteur additionnelle H2, s'additionnant à la hauteur H1 du passage normal de sortie pour donner la hauteur de passage total H. On obtient une perte de charge fortement diminuée pour cette sortie, qui peut compenser un arrêt de la turbine, particulièrement dans le cas où l'alimentation électrique du bâtiment est coupée.There is then the release of an additional hot gas outlet passage, which may have after a complete opening the additional height H2, adding to the height H1 of the normal exit passage to give the total passage height H. gets a greatly reduced pressure drop for this output, which can compensate for a shutdown of the turbine, especially in the event that the power supply to the building is cut off.

Avantageusement on choisit pour la matière plastique de la virole évasée 30 une matière comportant à basse température une bonne résistance mécanique et chimique, en particulier une rigidité élevée, et qui va facilement fléchir avec la température des fumées, sans produire de goutte enflammée.Advantageously, for the plastic material of the flared shell, a material having a low temperature, good mechanical and chemical resistance, in particular high rigidity, and which will easily flex with the temperature of the fumes, without producing an inflamed drop.

La grille de protection 50 peut aussi être choisie dans un matériau fusible, de manière à fléchir et éventuellement fondre pour augmenter la section de passage des fumées en cas d'incendie.The protective grid 50 may also be chosen from a fusible material, so as to bend and possibly melt to increase the passage section of the fumes in case of fire.

De plus, avantageusement la turbine du ventilateur est aussi choisie dans un matériau plastique qui se ramollit facilement avec la température des fumées, en entraînant sa rétractation vers l'axe et vers le bas de manière à libérer le passage des fumées en diminuant les pertes de charges causées par la turbine à l'arrêt.In addition, advantageously the fan turbine is also selected from a plastic material that easily softens with the flue gas temperature, causing its retraction towards the axis and downwards so as to release the passage of the fumes by reducing the losses of loads caused by the turbine at a standstill.

On favorise ainsi de manière simple et économique avec ces différentes mesures, l'extraction des fumées avec le circuit de ventilation même si la turbine ne fonctionne plus, ce qui améliore la sécurité des personnes et des bâtiments.The fume extraction with the ventilation circuit is thus easily and economically promoted with these various measures even if the turbine no longer operates, which improves the safety of people and buildings.

Un exemple de dimensions bien adaptées pour une grande variété de bâtiments comporte un diamètre du cylindre de base 2 du ventilateur d'extraction d'environ 430mm, un diamètre extérieur de la virole évasée d'environ 600mm, une hauteur du passage normal de sortie H1 d'environ 150mm, et une hauteur du passage additionnel de sortie H2 d'environ 140mm.An example of well-adapted dimensions for a large variety of buildings includes a diameter of the base cylinder 2 of the exhaust fan of about 430mm, an outer diameter of the shell flared about 600mm, a height of the normal passage of exit H1 about 150mm, and a height of the additional H2 exit passage of about 140mm.

On obtient alors une section du passage normal de sortie avec la grille 50 d'environ 2600cm2, qui est agrandie après disparation de la grille à environ 2900cm2, et après fléchissement de la collerette évasée 30 à environ 5300cm2. On note dans ce cas que la section du passage total de sortie a plus que doublé par rapport au passage normal.We then obtain a section of the normal output passage with the grid 50 of about 2600cm 2 , which is enlarged after the separation of the grid to about 2900cm 2 , and after deflection of the flared flange 30 to about 5300cm 2 . It is noted in this case that the section of the total output passage has more than doubled compared to the normal passage.

D'une manière générale, le ventilateur d'extraction selon l'invention s'applique sur un circuit de ventilation avec ou sans turbine motorisée.In general, the exhaust fan according to the invention is applied to a ventilation circuit with or without a motorized turbine.

Claims (9)

Ventilateur d'extraction d'air prévu pour être disposé sur un bâtiment en sortie d'un circuit de ventilation, présentant un passage normal pour la sortie de l'air vers l'extérieur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une partie déformable (30) fermant un passage vers l'extérieur, qui se déforme en température sous l'effet d'un débit de gaz chauds dans le ventilateur lors d'un incendie, de manière à former un passage additionnel de sortie s'ajoutant au passage normal de sortie pour augmenter la section totale de passage vers l'extérieur.Air extraction fan adapted to be arranged on a building at the outlet of a ventilation circuit, having a normal passage for the outlet of the air to the outside, characterized in that it comprises a deformable part ( 30) closing an outward passage, which deforms in temperature under the effect of a flow of hot gases in the fan during a fire, so as to form an additional outlet passage in addition to the normal passage output to increase the total section of passage to the outside. Ventilateur d'extraction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie déformable (30) est disposée en-dessous du passage normal de sortie d'air.Exhaust fan according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deformable part (30) is arranged below the normal air outlet passage. Ventilateur d'extraction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie déformable (30) forme une virole évasée qui s'ouvre vers l'extérieur en se rapprochant du passage normal de sortie d'air.Exhaust fan according to claim 2, characterized in that the deformable part (30) forms a flared collar which opens outwards towards the normal air outlet passage. Ventilateur d'extraction selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte successivement en partant du bas un cylindre de base (2), la virole évasée de la partie déformable (30) qui se raccorde de manière ajustée sur ce cylindre, le passage normal de sortie d'air de forme cylindrique, et un chapeau couvrant ce passage (14).Extraction fan according to Claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, successively from below, a base cylinder (2), the flared collar of the deformable part (30) which is fitted in a manner fitted to this cylinder, the normal passage of cylindrical shaped air outlet, and a cap covering this passage (14). Ventilateur d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie déformable (30) comporte une matière plastique mise en forme par moulage ou thermoformage, ne produisant pas de goutte enflammée en cas d'incendie.Exhaust fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformable part (30) comprises a plastic material shaped by molding or thermoforming, producing no inflamed drop in case of fire. Ventilateur d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une turbine d'extraction d'air entraînée par un moteur.Exhaust fan according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an air extraction turbine driven by a motor. Ventilateur d'extraction selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la turbine d'extraction comporte un matériau plastique qui se ramollit et fléchit avec la température du débit des gaz chauds dans le ventilateur.Exhaust fan according to claim 6, characterized in that the extraction turbine comprises a plastic material which softens and flexes with the temperature of the flow of hot gases in the fan. Ventilateur d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le passage normal de sortie comporte une grille de protection (50).Extraction fan according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the normal outlet passage comprises a protective grid (50). Ventilateur d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la section du passage additionnel de sortie du ventilateur est égale à au moins la section du passage normal de sortie.Extraction fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the section of the additional outlet passage of the fan is equal to at least the section of the normal outlet passage.
EP17168460.8A 2016-04-28 2017-04-27 Air extraction fan with variable flow cross-section in case of fire Active EP3239620B1 (en)

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FR1653786A FR3050808B1 (en) 2016-04-28 2016-04-28 AIR EXTRACTION FAN WITH VARIABLE PASSAGE SECTION IN CASE OF FIRE

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CN111294729A (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-16 ***通信集团终端有限公司 Network switching method, device, equipment and medium of mobile terminal
CN114234324A (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-03-25 西华大学 Ventilation energy-saving equipment for green building

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0055665A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-07 JEUMONT-SCHNEIDER Société anonyme dite: Process for avoiding heat damage to the motor of an emergency smoke extractor ventilator, and apparatus for the realization of that process
DE29917485U1 (en) * 1999-10-04 1999-12-09 Gebrüder Trox, GmbH, 47506 Neukirchen-Vluyn Smoke and heat exhaust system
US20140199938A1 (en) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-17 Fusion Hvac Pty Limited Apparatus for exhausting air
FR3021099A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-20 Soler & Palau Res Sl VENTILATION BOX

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RU136542U1 (en) * 2013-09-06 2014-01-10 Рустам Кимович Эсманский ROOF EXHAUST FAN INSTALLATION

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0055665A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-07 JEUMONT-SCHNEIDER Société anonyme dite: Process for avoiding heat damage to the motor of an emergency smoke extractor ventilator, and apparatus for the realization of that process
DE29917485U1 (en) * 1999-10-04 1999-12-09 Gebrüder Trox, GmbH, 47506 Neukirchen-Vluyn Smoke and heat exhaust system
US20140199938A1 (en) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-17 Fusion Hvac Pty Limited Apparatus for exhausting air
FR3021099A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-20 Soler & Palau Res Sl VENTILATION BOX

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111294729A (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-16 ***通信集团终端有限公司 Network switching method, device, equipment and medium of mobile terminal
CN114234324A (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-03-25 西华大学 Ventilation energy-saving equipment for green building

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HUE051621T2 (en) 2021-03-01
RU2017115058A (en) 2018-10-29
FR3050808A1 (en) 2017-11-03
EP3239620B1 (en) 2020-09-02
RU2734377C2 (en) 2020-10-15
RU2017115058A3 (en) 2020-06-05

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