EP3237878A1 - Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung - Google Patents
Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3237878A1 EP3237878A1 EP15828732.6A EP15828732A EP3237878A1 EP 3237878 A1 EP3237878 A1 EP 3237878A1 EP 15828732 A EP15828732 A EP 15828732A EP 3237878 A1 EP3237878 A1 EP 3237878A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- test
- tested
- test device
- cylinder
- designed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/42—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid
- G01N3/46—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid the indentors performing a scratching movement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/50—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by measuring rolling friction, e.g. by rocking pendulum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a testing and / or testing device, in particular for testing and / or determining the resistance of surfaces and / or objects to abrasion and / or impact sensitivity and / or to scratch resistance.
- test devices are used to examine and evaluate different loads of objects with respect to exposure to another object.
- the object to be tested is to be examined or evaluated in terms of being touched by any other body, e.g. Use and / or operations with the fingers or the hand behaves and after how many useful and / or contact operations, such as operating procedures, which wear and tear, such as abrasion set.
- EP 2 679 979 A1 discloses a scratch tester for glass panes which, by means of a spring, exerts a force which can be adjusted on a cylinder which in turn presses a diamond fastened thereto against the glass pane.
- the mechanism constructed in this way is pulled over the glass pane by means of rails arranged on corresponding rails applied to the glass pane and a scratch is produced thereon.
- a test and / or test value of the scratch resistance is obtained.
- a device for testing the scratch resistance of surfaces is also presented in WO 2004/038385 Al.
- the scratch resistance of a specimen is tested by means of a mixed with solid particles gas stream.
- the course of the gas flow formed is equipped with a metering device, by means of which a defined amount of particles can be introduced into a defined gas flow, which act on the test object.
- a device for determining the abrasion resistance under the name "linear Abraser.”
- a test specimen which is adjustable in its height position and loadable with weights is driven over an object to be tested, which statements of the resistance of the test material compared to the The drive takes place here via a conventional electric motor which drives a linkage via a gear, which subsequently moves up and down or, better said, back and forth and which the test device is attached to
- the electric motor and the operating, control and display device, as well as the transmission and the linkage are inseparably connected together as a unit.
- the known test and / or test devices usually use either a, driven by at least one electric motor, movable table on which the object to be tested is placed. A test object is then positioned on the object to be tested with a predetermined force and the table on which the object to be tested is positioned is moved.
- the other known device drives a linkage by means of an electric motor via a gearbox, to which the test object is fastened fixed in height.
- the device is designed as a complete unit and the drive either the object to be tested or the test object is realized by an electric motor.
- the drive either the object to be tested or the test object is realized by an electric motor.
- the variant of the driven via a gear push rod which is additionally fixed in height and outside of the device is not further known to recognize relatively inaccurate motion sequences.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a test and / or test device for the examination of objects, which reduces or avoids the disadvantages mentioned.
- the object of the invention is to be able to test a large number of objects at different locations or especially directly at the place of use and under many different conditions. This includes for objects of daily life also the considerations of use and / or operation, for example by hand, which is very slow and thus predetermined different contact with the object to be tested, such as dry or wet hands or taking into account different Additional components such as detergents, care products or similar substances.
- a test and / or test device is in particular for testing and / or determining the resistance of surfaces and / or objects against abrasion and / or impact sensitivity and / or scratch resistance consisting of an adaptive holding device and / or an access device to the object to be tested and / or a surface to be tested, at least one means for attaching a test object in front of or above the object to be tested and a device for moving the test object to be tested, and a control, control - And / or display device for controlling and / or controlling the speed and the force with which the test-active object comes into contact with the object to be tested, wherein the test and / or testing device for the movement of the test-object against and / or is executed on and / or along the object to be tested with a supporting device for the test-knitting object, which is loaded with an additional weight and / or loadable and with a, with force-actuated cylinder, with a non-round running Schub- and / or Traction device or
- the compressed air cylinder which is designed as a non-round cylinder or is equipped with a non-round push and / or pull rod, rotatable or at least tiltable at its closed end or elsewhere directly or arranged by means of a receiving device to a holding device.
- the position at which the compressed air cylinder is attached to the holding device determines the basic force or the weight which prevails at the end of the push and / or pull rod at a certain deflection.
- the holding device preferably allows the height adjustment of the recorded end of the air cylinder to respond to different heights of test objects, alternatively holders can be used in different lengths to achieve an adjustment of the height of the air cylinder with the height of the object to be tested, or just this first to bring in a horizontal position.
- the pneumatic cylinder and / or the receiving device for this has a leveling display device, such as a small spirit level or an integrated and / or attached dragonfly.
- the outgoing from the compressed air cylinder push and / or pull rod is equipped at its end with a support device for the scholar-Wirkexcellent, the support device is preferably rotatable to, for example, different angles of contact between the für- Wirk Congress set with respect to the object to be tested can.
- the test-active object is arranged in an embodiment at the end of a rod or a rod which is guided by the support device on the push and / or pull rod and fixable thereto, e.g. by means of a safety screw. Additional weights can be arranged on the carrying device or along the rod or rod at one end of which the test active object is attached, in order to set the force with which the test active object meets the object to be tested.
- the so executed test and / or test device allows the load of the object to be tested with the definable weight of the rocking part, arranged in the holder air cylinder, the carrying device with the test-active object and the additional weight adjusted by additional weights. Due to the selected design of a non-round compressed air cylinder and / or a non-round push and / or pull rod, the once set position of the test object is carried out with respect to the object to be tested very secure against rotation and the push and / or pull rod does not have additional be guided. Also allows the device designed in such a way that the test-effective object of the contour and / or unevenness of the object to be tested can follow, since the air cylinder is rotatably mounted at its end.
- the compressed air cylinder is connected or connectable to a control and / or regulating unit and a compressed air supply and allows a very high dynamics and high forces with respect to the movement and speed with which the push and / or pull rod moves the test active object on the object to be tested.
- a control and / or regulating unit and a compressed air supply allows a very high dynamics and high forces with respect to the movement and speed with which the push and / or pull rod moves the test active object on the object to be tested.
- the force and / or compressed air cylinder is also equipped with or connected to the pressure gauge and / or position and / or displacement measuring system connected to the control and / or monitoring device, whereby the introduced force and / or the way is measurable and, for example, is very easy in a force-displacement diagram available.
- the test and / or test device with a force measuring device such as a load cell below the object to be tested, which, for example, stick-slip effects such as adhesion and / or Juckgleit flexiblee of mutually moving Festköropern eg creaking doors or rattling windshield wipers can be examined and / or assessed.
- test and / or test apparatus With the test and / or test apparatus according to the invention and the adaptable parameters of the movement of the test objects, the control and / or control and measurement, as well as the addition of a wide variety of test fluids, almost all tribological surface properties of a test object can be tested and / or determined.
- a wide variety of friction measurements can be made with the test and / or test device according to the invention and, for example, lubricants and / or oils can be tested, tested and evaluated in order, for example, to determine friction coefficients.
- this is designed on a base plate with a holding device for the object to be tested and a holding device for the rotatably and / or tiltably mounted compressed air cylinder.
- On the base plate further holding and / or drive elements for the compressed air cylinder can be provided in order to be able to fix this, for example, in a fixed slope or to raise it at one point and lower it again.
- the holding device for the object to be tested is pivotable in one embodiment of the testing and / or testing device, in particular pivotable or tiltable by 90 °, whereby the movement of the test active object on and / or along the object to be tested either vertically or vertically to gravity can.
- a web-like material is arranged in front of the object to be tested and between it and the test active object acting on it.
- This web-like material is preferably a fabric and / or textile, which is additionally subjected to a test liquid during the test.
- test and / or test device can simulate very realistic situations and or situations of daily life under all imaginable external conditions and very meaningful and reliable findings can be determined.
- test and / or test device for example, operating operations on a switch, a keyboard or another operating element can be simulated by a person with the hand or a finger.
- the hardness of the test active object and the web-like, biased material and / or the additionally used test liquid for example, the contact with the fingers, the hand or other surfaces or bodies after addition of a cleaning fluid or other fluid, a cream or to be tested in a chemical.
- the test and / or test device is arranged in a further variant partially in a climatic chamber.
- the tax, Control and display device separated from the other components of the testing and / or testing device, arranged outside the climatic chamber to protect electrical and / or electronic components and / or to maintain their function.
- the compressed air cylinder is equipped, as required, with a locally acting insulation and / or a heating device, such as an applied heating foil, which is controlled via the control and / or monitoring device, which is arranged outside the climatic chamber.
- test and / or tests at temperatures of up to minus 40 ° or perform below the test and / or test device has a temperature sensor close to the object to be tested, which transmits the values to the control, monitoring and / or display device.
- the compressed air supply lines for the compressed air cylinder which are supplied from the compressed air supply and / or the control and monitoring device outside the climate chamber, are preferably insulated or designed with a tracing heating.
- the head of the test-active object is variable in shape, size and hardness and preferably carried out changeable.
- various mounts can be mounted in order to be able to use even very special objects as test active objects, such as e.g. a key which contacts the paint on the door handle or a textile surface or other surface.
- test active objects such as e.g. a key which contacts the paint on the door handle or a textile surface or other surface.
- a head with a Shore hardness in the range of 40 to 50 has shown as a preferred variant.
- the head is coated or formed from a textile and / or absorbent material.
- FIG. 2 shows a variant of the test and / or test device from FIG. 1 with a mounted holding device
- Fig. 4 shows a variant of the test and / or testing device with pivoted-out movement device
- FIG. 1 shows a test and / or test device according to the invention, in which an object 3 to be tested or a part of an object can be mounted in a holding device 15 at a definable height and a distance from the movement device 16.
- the movement device is embodied as a force and / or compressed air cylinder 16, which preferably has a non-round push and / or pull rod 22 or a non-round cylinder 16 (not shown in detail in this view) and at its end in one Fastening device preferably rotatable or at least tiltable is attached. This attachment can be carried out by means of clamping screws or bolt, as required fixable against rotation.
- this arrangement creates a self-rotating movement device for the test-real object 2 at the end the push rod 22.
- the push rod must not be performed in addition and consuming mechanical according to this embodiment in order to allow a constant movement of the test-Wirkêtes 2 with the support device 4.
- the execution of the testing and / or testing device with the cylinder 16, which is attached at its rear end tiltably attached to the support members 19, allows the examination of non-planar test objects 3.
- test-Wirk réelle 2 can when resting on the object to be tested 3 by the rotatable mounting of the cylinder 16 to the holding means 19 in forward and backward movement of the push rod of a contour, such as follow a curvature. This would not be possible with a fixed cylinder. However, the fixation of the cylinder 16 can certainly make sense for alternative application, for which in an alternative embodiment (FIGS. 2 and 3) a fixing or limiting means 20 is arranged.
- the holding device for the object to be tested is arranged in this variant shown in FIG. 1 together with the pneumatic cylinder 16 on a common base plate, which creates a compact test unit with which recurring test and / or test sequences can be conveniently carried out.
- the movement device 16 can be constructed with its end-side mountings 19 and optionally with a support 20 for the cylinder at any desired location or a predetermined location for a test and / or test setup. This can e.g. be necessary if a test object is permanently installed in one place and also at this place the test and / or examination procedure must take place.
- various variants for the fastening elements 19 at the end of the cylinder can be used, such as massive suction feet, magnetic disks or adhesive or mechanical connecting devices.
- an opening in the base plate is provided at the location of the holding device 15, thus making it possible to position the base plate itself over the object to be tested.
- the test specimen is then aligned such that it can come into contact with the object to be tested and / or a surface to be tested through the opening. This results in a mobile load unit on the base plate with an opening for the contact between the test object and the object to be tested.
- the height of the test active object 2 is adjustable on the carrying device 4 at the end of the pushing and / or pulling device which leads into the cylinder 16, whereby the contact intensity of the test active object 2 can be varied to the object 3 to be tested.
- additional weights 18 can be applied to the holding device 4 for the test active object in order to be able to set different effective forces of the test active object to the object to be tested.
- the control and regulating device 17 is preferably separate from the compressed air cylinder of the object to be tested and the common. Executed base plate, but can be constructed to create a very compact test and / or test device together with the above components on the common base plate and both compressed air and electrical ready to be connected.
- the control unit preferably has
- Interfaces for transmitting the data to other IT devices and / or output devices such as printers or the like.
- the transmission takes place either by means of cable connection and / or wireless, for which corresponding interfaces such as LAN, WLAN, Bluetooth or other radio transmission methods are provided.
- the separate variant offers the possibility of realizing test and / or test procedures under very adverse temperature conditions, for example in a cold chamber at temperatures below minus 30 ° C.
- the cold-sensitive electronics and in particular the display unit outside the cold chamber is posi- tioned.
- operated with absolutely dehumidified air compressed air supply and the compressed air cylinder are preferred a very placed and controllable local heating and / or insulation equipped, for example, for the compressed air cylinder and the leads heating films and / or pipe heaters are used.
- the test and / or test device preferably has at least one temperature sensor connected to the control and / or control device on or near the object to be tested in order to record and / or determine the temperature at which the test is carried out. and / or the test is performed on the object.
- test and / or test device With the embodiment of the test and / or test device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to simulate, for example, scratching, rubbing, scratching or similar touch processes of an object and to determine the resistance of the object to be tested.
- life-like situations such as the touch of an object with the fingers or fingernails and their effect on the objects to be tested can be readjusted and checked.
- Different conditions can be selected realistically by selecting suitable heads of the active test object and the objects to be tested can be checked very precisely for their load capacity under the set conditions.
- Tests and / or testing on resistance of objects to be tested are therefore very easy for very different conditions, such as roughness of the incident on the object under test objects or the effects in ⁇ different ambient temperatures possible.
- the design according to the invention with compressed air cylinder as the drive for the test active object is suitable for allowing very high speeds and thus energy densities to act on the object to be tested.
- the viscoelasticity of the objects plays a major role as they experience little interference when exposed to relatively large forces but low speeds, but in contrast take very quickly damage at elevated speeds. This is related to the peculiarity that the regression of the object occurs slowly after a load and at high speeds of movement of the object Test object on the object to be tested, which suffers damage very quickly, as the resulting forces swell up.
- Viscoelasticity of the object e.g. upholstery or leather itself very fast, when the movement speed with which the traversing happens is increased.
- the leather surface is damaged or destroyed after a relatively short time.
- the values determined in such a test and / or test device according to the invention quickly provide information on the question of the substitutability of different materials and / or information about damage that has occurred.
- the testing and / or testing device is equipped with a loading device 7, 12 by means of which a fluid 7 is added to the object 3 to be tested during the stirring, brushing or attacking process of the test active object 2 can simulate different external influences.
- a fluid 7 is added to the object 3 to be tested during the stirring, brushing or attacking process of the test active object 2 can simulate different external influences.
- all conceivable contacts between the object and the test object can be additionally tested using a test liquid, such as a test sample. Welding, cleaning agents, medicines or other chemical products are checked and the durability of the objects to be tested is tested and / or measured and / or checked taking into account these circumstances.
- the test active object 2 which meets an object to be tested, is arranged in continuation of the push and / or pull rod 22 of the cylinder 16.
- the test active object predetermined according to the test and / or test criteria, which is attached to the push rod by means of a holder 4, is moved against the object to be tested and brought into contact therewith.
- This can be specified exactly by means of the control and / or control device or how often in which time and with which force the test object is to be moved against the object to be tested and / or pushed. This could be the simulation of a tactile and / or switching process in which the durability of a control element and / or its inscription and / or its imprint relative to operating operations, be.
- the test and / or test device in a further preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 4, with at least one controllable by the control and / or control unit 17 lifting device 21st for the, mounted on the attachment points 19 rotatably mounted cylinder 16.
- the cylinder 16 is slightly raised in the front area before the impact of the test-active object 2 on the object to be tested 3 and lowered immediately before the impact of the test object 2 on the object to be tested 3 again, this is a very realistic, close to life Stroking movement when pressing on the object to be tested achieved.
- FIG. 3 Also shown in FIG. 3 is a testing and / or testing device which causes such a pushing movement towards the object 3 to be tested, wherein in this schematically illustrated embodiment the cylinder is not lifted by means of a controllable lifting device. It is used to generate said, downward stroke-pushing movement, a mechanical design and the movement by means of an angularly arranged 8 Anlenkstange 4 and provided with a spring 14 Abkragung on which the test-Wirk Consum 2 is attached, achieved.
- the mentioned variants of the test and / or test device according to the invention are or can be equipped with a loading device as required by means of which a fluid 7 can be added to the object 3 to be tested during the contact, brushing or attacking process of the test object 2 to simulate different external influences.
- Automated and continually operating during the testing and / or testing operation is shown in FIG. It is, exemplary According to FIG. 3, a web-like material 6 is arranged between the object 3 to be tested and the test object 2, which automatically automates and doses a fluid 7 by means of a positionable outlet device 12 to the web via a conveying device 13 type material 6 gives.
- the cylinder 16 can be pivoted completely, with which also objects to be tested outside the common base plate 23 can be tested.
- a further lifting device 21 is present, which is controlled by the control and / or control unit. In this way, it is also very easy to check and / or test objects which can not be inserted into the holding device 15 of the testing and / or testing device.
- test object 3 test object, test surface
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22158670.4A EP4043859A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2015-11-03 | Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014016482.9A DE102014016482A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2014-11-07 | Test- und/oder Prüfvorrichtung |
PCT/DE2015/000528 WO2016070864A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2015-11-03 | Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22158670.4A Division EP4043859A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2015-11-03 | Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3237878A1 true EP3237878A1 (de) | 2017-11-01 |
Family
ID=55237461
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22158670.4A Pending EP4043859A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2015-11-03 | Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung |
EP15828732.6A Withdrawn EP3237878A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2015-11-03 | Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22158670.4A Pending EP4043859A1 (de) | 2014-11-07 | 2015-11-03 | Test- und/oder prüfvorrichtung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190003946A1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP4043859A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN107430051A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014016482A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016070864A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109975148B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2024-01-26 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | 一种自动沙粒磨损装置 |
DE102019133119A1 (de) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Universität Rostock | Vorrichtung zur Simulation mechanischer Belastungen an Schutzhandschuhen |
CN110954431B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-07-21 | 赛立特(南通)安全用品有限公司 | 一种防护手套手指接触面耐磨性能测试方法及装置 |
US11262278B2 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-03-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | System and method for an inner door handle test fixture |
DE102021103160B4 (de) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-12-22 | Innowep Gmbh | Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung einer Oberfläche eines Prüflings |
CN113075070B (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-12-30 | 深圳瑞生工程研究院有限公司 | 一种具有防磨损机构的墙面硬度检测装置 |
WO2024097520A1 (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2024-05-10 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Scrape testing device to characterize sample formulations |
CN117517114B (zh) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏欣战江纤维科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于纺织纱线的耐磨性检测设备及方法 |
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US3974678A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-08-17 | Conchemco, Incorporated | Automatic paint cure tester |
KR920006048B1 (ko) * | 1988-11-25 | 1992-07-27 | 주식회사 금성사 | 가열조건에서 마모분의 입도 분석이 가능한 내마모시험기 |
GB9218827D0 (en) * | 1992-09-05 | 1992-10-21 | Primelia Consulting Services L | Friction testing apparatus |
DE29514273U1 (de) * | 1995-09-06 | 1996-02-29 | Schneider, Gottfried, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil., 99087 Erfurt | Tribotester CTE 396 für elastomere Werkstoffe |
US5689058A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1997-11-18 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Friction material evaluation apparatus |
US6412330B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-07-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Abrasion tester |
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DE10249725A1 (de) | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-06 | Bayer Ag | Vorrichtung zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Oberflächen |
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KR101157640B1 (ko) * | 2010-03-31 | 2012-06-18 | 한국염색기술연구소 | 충격 마찰 강도 시험기 |
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-
2014
- 2014-11-07 DE DE102014016482.9A patent/DE102014016482A1/de active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-11-03 CN CN201580067817.3A patent/CN107430051A/zh active Pending
- 2015-11-03 EP EP22158670.4A patent/EP4043859A1/de active Pending
- 2015-11-03 WO PCT/DE2015/000528 patent/WO2016070864A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-11-03 US US15/529,049 patent/US20190003946A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-03 EP EP15828732.6A patent/EP3237878A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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See also references of WO2016070864A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102014016482A1 (de) | 2016-05-12 |
EP4043859A1 (de) | 2022-08-17 |
WO2016070864A1 (de) | 2016-05-12 |
US20190003946A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
CN107430051A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
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