EP3231080A1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3231080A1
EP3231080A1 EP15808380.8A EP15808380A EP3231080A1 EP 3231080 A1 EP3231080 A1 EP 3231080A1 EP 15808380 A EP15808380 A EP 15808380A EP 3231080 A1 EP3231080 A1 EP 3231080A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse
phases
cycle
pulse width
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15808380.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nico Schobess
Mohamed HAMMAM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP3231080A1 publication Critical patent/EP3231080A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an electrical
  • An electrical machine can have a plurality of phases for a first electrical variable, which can be matched to one another via a pulse width modulation. However, a value of a second electrical quantity can only be measured permanently at certain times and therefore not permanently.
  • the method according to the invention is intended for controlling an operation of an electrical machine having three phases, pulse width modulation being carried out for pulses of an electrical variable of the three phases.
  • a first electrical variable for a first of the three phases has a longest pulse with a longest pulse width
  • for a second of the three phases a middle pulse with a medium pulse width
  • for a third of the three phases one shortest pulse with a shortest pulse width.
  • one cycle of the pulse width modulation is limited by two points in time, namely a time at the beginning and a time at the end of the cycle.
  • the method is a first pulse of the three phases at a first of the two times that limit the cycle, and a second pulse of the three phases at a second of the two times that limit the cycle, whereas a third pulse of the three phases remains unshifted. At least one value of a second electrical quantity is measured during the cycle within at least one measurement window. As part of the process, a voltage and a current are to be considered as electrical quantities. If in the embodiment as the first
  • Voltage pulses as pulses of the voltage shifted as a first electrical quantity.
  • the current should be defined as a second electrical quantity and measured within the measurement window as well as during or during the voltage pulses. It is also conceivable to use the current as the first electrical quantity and the voltage as the second electrical quantity
  • the first of the two times is the time at the beginning of the cycle and the second of the two times at the end of the cycle.
  • One of the two electromechanical components is usually designed as a stator and the other as a rotor and / or as such
  • Components permanent magnets and the other coils, which at a to undergo conversion of energy via electromagnetic fields. If the two electromechanical components rotate relative to one another, their respective position relative to one another is dependent on an angular position or angular position. A length of pulse widths of the pulses of the phases changes during operation of the electrical machine depending on the position and / or angular position, for example.
  • the pulses of the first electrical quantity i. H.
  • the at least one value of the second electrical quantity i. H. usually either the current or the voltage measured for a DC link of the electric machine.
  • a time that limits the at least one measurement window is set to one of the two times that limit the cycle.
  • the measurement window starts at the beginning of the cycle or ends at the end of the cycle.
  • two measurement windows namely one at the end and one at the beginning of the cycle
  • Pulse width modulation is used, wherein measured in the measurement window at the beginning of the value of the pulse, which is initially shifted at the time, and in the measurement window at the end of the value of the pulse, which is shifted at the time at the end.
  • the value of the mean pulse is calculated from the values of the other two pulses.
  • the method is for an electric motor and / or generator
  • the method is also suitable for an electric machine which is to be operated both as a motor and as a generator.
  • a current flowing through the electric machine flowing through at least one of the phases and / or the intermediate circuit is controlled, two being voltage pulses
  • the longest pulse at the time at the beginning of the cycle and the shortest pulse at the time at the end of the cycle is shifted.
  • the longest pulse is shifted at the time at the end of the cycle and the shortest pulse at the time at the beginning of the cycle. According to these two variants, the longest and the shortest pulse in the
  • the system according to the invention or a corresponding arrangement for controlling an operation of an electrical machine, which has three phases, comprises a microcontroller and at least one sensor.
  • the microcontroller is designed to perform a pulse width modulation for pulses of a first electrical variable, either the voltage or the current, of the three phases.
  • the first electrical variable for a first of the three phases a pulse having a longest pulse width, for a second of the three phases, a pulse having a mean pulse width and for a third of the three phases, a pulse having a shortest pulse width
  • a cycle is the
  • Pulse width modulation by two points in time namely a time at the beginning and a time limited at the end of the cycle.
  • the microcontroller is further configured to provide a first pulse of the three phases at a first of the two times that limit the cycle and a second pulse of the three phases to a second of the two
  • the at least one sensor is designed to at least one value of a second
  • the system has only one sensor for measuring the at least one value of the second electrical variable.
  • the at least one sensor is designed as a measuring resistor.
  • the microcontroller is further configured to shift asynchronously the pulses of the first electrical variable to be shifted.
  • a control of an electrical machine usually an electric motor or possibly a generator
  • an electrical machine usually an electric motor or possibly a generator
  • pulses of the phases of the first electrical variable for example the voltage or the current
  • a reconstruction of the phases of the second electrical variable for example of the current or the voltage
  • a phase current reconstruction or a phase voltage reconstruction possible.
  • an adaptation of a control and thus a control and / or regulation of an electric drive as an example of an electrical machine is possible.
  • a measuring shunt To be performed to control the electrical machine a measuring shunt and thus a component for measuring the current or the voltage can be saved and a robustness of the electrical machine can be increased.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic space vector illustration for a
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram with an example of the arrangement of
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram with measuring windows for measuring the current as electrical variable, as in one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an electrical system, with which the embodiment of the method according to the invention is carried out, as well as diagrams for the course of a
  • the space vector representation 10 from FIG. 1 for representing a profile of a voltage vector 12 of a voltage as the first electrical variable of an electric machine here comprises a hexagon which, in a first sector 1, which covers angular positions from 0 ° to 60 °, a second sector 2, covering angular positions of 60 ° to 120 °, a third sector 3 covering angular positions of 120 ° to 180 ° here, a fourth sector 4 covering angular positions of 180 ° to 240 °, a fifth sector 5 here Covering angular positions of 240 ° to 300 °, and a sixth sector 6, which here covers angular positions of 300 ° to 360 °, is divided.
  • the specified angular positions refer to electrical angles.
  • a position here an angular position of the stress vector, depends on a relative position or angular position of two
  • a power electronics of the electric machine comprises a plurality of electronic switching elements, here three high-side switching elements and three low-side (lowside) switching elements. If either all three high side or all three low side switching elements are turned on, no current flows in the intermediate circuit.
  • the power electronics include, for example, three high-side and three low-side MOSFETs or three high-side and three low-side IGBTs.
  • the current l z through the DC link is also a DC l dc -
  • the diagram of Figure 2 comprises three abscissas 16a, 16b, 16c, along which the time is plotted.
  • a first ordinate 18a are values of the voltage as a first electrical quantity, ie a voltage Ui of the first phase, along a second ordinate 18b values a voltage U 2 of the second phase and along a third ordinate 18c values a
  • the first original voltage pulse 20a has a shortest pulse width
  • the second original voltage pulse 20b has an average pulse width
  • the third original voltage pulse 20c has a longest pulse width.
  • a double arrow 26 represents a cycle of pulse width modulation for the electric machine which starts at a time 25 at the beginning of the cycle and ends at a time 27 at the end of the cycle 26.
  • At least two of the original voltage pulses 20a, 20b, 20c are shifted within the cycle of the pulse width modulation (double arrow 26) as a function of an angular position of the voltage vector 12 from FIG. 1, the first and the third shifted Voltage pulse 28a, 28c for the first and third phase emerge, whereas the original second voltage pulse 20b of the second phase, which has the average pulse width remains unchanged.
  • Voltage pulse 28c begins at time 25 at the beginning of the cycle.
  • the two shifted voltage pulses 28a, 28c are thus edge-aligned.
  • the mean original voltage pulse 20b remains unchanged in time and thus center-aligned.
  • the first new measurement window 32 begins at the
  • the third new measurement window 44 ends at time 27 at the end of the cycle.
  • measuring windows 32, 40, 44 are arranged to overlap the shifted voltage pulses 28a, 28e in a time-overlapping manner.
  • a voltage pulse 20a or 28a, 20b, 20c or 28c of a first of the three phases in the diagram of Figure 3 instantaneously, the voltage pulse 20a and 28a of the first phase , a shortest pulse width, a voltage pulse 20a or 28a, 20b, 20c and 28c of a second of the three phases, in the diagram of Figure 3 immediately the voltage pulse 20b of the second phase, a mean pulse width and a voltage pulse 20a and 28a, 20b , 20c and 28c, respectively, of a third of the three Phase, in the diagram of Figure 3 immediately the voltage pulse 20c and 28c of the third phase, a longest pulse width.
  • the following table 3 shows an assignment of a length of the pulse widths of the voltage pulses 20a or 28a, 20b, 20c or 28c of the three phases in a respective sector 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (FIG. 1):
  • the originally longest voltage pulse 20a, 20b, 20c having the longest pulse width is shifted to the left (edge edge-aligned) up to the time 25 at the beginning of the pulse width modulation cycle.
  • the originally mean voltage pulse 20a, 20b, 20c with the average pulse width, here the second original voltage pulse 20b remains center-aligned.
  • the originally shortest voltage pulse 20a, 20b, 20c with the shortest pulse width, here the first voltage pulse 20a is at the time 27 at the end of the cycle
  • Pulse width modulation shifted to the right (edge-aligned right). Variants for the displacement of the original voltage pulses 20a, 20b, 20c as a function of a respective pulse width are given in the following Table 4:
  • new measurement windows 32, 40, 44 are provided for two of the three phases.
  • one sensor By moving two of the three original voltage pulses 20a, 20b, 20c, from which the two shifted voltage pulses 28a, 28c result, one sensor has larger measuring windows 32, 40, 42 for measuring values of the currents, in this case the new measuring window 32 for the current the first phase and two new measurement windows 40, 44 for the current l 3 of the third phase available.
  • two samples, and thus measurements of the current per cycle of pulse width modulation are sufficient to safely measure the current.
  • FIG. 4a shows an example of an electric machine 49, which is designed here as an electric motor and has electromechanical components 50, power electronics 52 and a control unit 54.
  • the power electronics 52 here comprises three high-side switching elements 56a, 56b, 56b and three low-side (lowside) switching elements 57a, 57b, 57c and thus a total of six electronic switching elements, for example, as MOSFETs metal-semiconductor field effect transistors or IGBTs are formed
  • the control unit 54 comprises a microcontroller 58 and a driver 60, wherein the control unit 54 also independent of the presented embodiment of the method for a current and / or voltage as at least one electrical variable of the three phases 62a, 62b, 62c of the electric machine 49 implemented as a power pulse width modulation pulse width modulation is implemented.
  • FIG. 4b comprises a profile 66a of a first one
  • Activation signal for the pulse width modulating first electrical quantity here the voltage, the first phase 62a, a curve 66b of a second Activation signal for the pulse width modulating voltage of the second phase 62b and a curve 66c of a third drive signal for the pulse width modulating voltage of the third phase 62c of the electric machine 49.
  • a curve 68a of the voltage of the first phase 62a corresponds to the profile 66a of the drive signal predetermined for the first phase
  • Measuring resistor formed sensor 72 for measuring a value of here as a current 74 l z formed second electrical quantity at least one phase 62a, 62b, 62c of the electric machine 49, here in a DC link 76 of the electric machine 49, and an amplifier 80, wherein the Measuring current l z can also be referred to as an intermediate circuit current.
  • the microcontroller 58 is designed as a component of the system 70.
  • the driver 60 and thus the control unit 54 is also embodied here as a component of the system 70, wherein the driver 60 is controlled by the microcontroller 58 in an embodiment.
  • the microcontroller 58 already in one of the method
  • Implementation of the pulse width modulation is formed when performing the embodiment of the method is additionally designed to temporally shift courses 66a, 66b, 66c and thus pulses of the drive signals, wherein the shape of the courses 66a, 66b, 66c and thus the pulses is maintained.
  • the drive signals are transmitted from the microcontroller 58 to the driver 60 designed here as a power amplifier and, starting from this, used to drive the MOSFETs 56a, 56b, 56c, 57a, 57b, 57c of the power electronics 52.
  • the pulses for two of the three drive signals and thus two of three pulses of at least one electrical variable of the phases 62a, 62b, 62c of the electric machine 50, ie original voltage pulses 20a, 20b, 20c of the voltage, are shifted asynchronously by the microcontroller 58.
  • Voltage pulse 20a is shifted with the shortest pulse width and the original voltage pulse 20c with the longest pulse width, from which emerge the shifted to carry out the measurement voltage pulses 28a, 28b.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour commander le fonctionnement d'une machine électrique (49) qui comporte trois phases. Une modulation de largeur d'impulsion est réalisée pour des impulsions d'une première grandeur électrique des trois phases. En fonction de la position de composants électromécaniques (50) de la machine électrique (49) les uns par rapport aux autres, la première grandeur électrique destinée à une première des trois phases a une impulsion ayant une largeur d'impulsion la plus longue, celle destinée à un deuxième des trois phases a une impulsion ayant une largeur d'impulsion moyenne et celle pour la troisième des trois phases a une impulsion ayant une largeur d'impulsion la plus courte. Le cycle de la modulation de largeur d'impulsion est délimité par deux instants (25, 27), à savoir un instant (25) au début et un instant (27) à la fin du cycle. La première impulsion des trois phases est décalé à un premier des deux instants (25, 27) qui limitent le cycle et une deuxième impulsion des trois phases est décalée à un second des deux instants (25, 27) qui limitent le cycle. Au moins une valeur d'une deuxième grandeur électrique est mesurée pendant le cycle à l'intérieur d'au moins une fenêtre de mesure (32, 40, 44).
EP15808380.8A 2014-12-12 2015-12-10 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique Withdrawn EP3231080A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014018431.5A DE102014018431A1 (de) 2014-12-12 2014-12-12 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Maschine
PCT/EP2015/079214 WO2016092000A1 (fr) 2014-12-12 2015-12-10 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3231080A1 true EP3231080A1 (fr) 2017-10-18

Family

ID=54849613

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15808380.8A Withdrawn EP3231080A1 (fr) 2014-12-12 2015-12-10 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10312848B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3231080A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107005192B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014018431A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016092000A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018200085A1 (de) 2018-01-04 2019-07-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Synchronmaschine

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JP2002291284A (ja) 2001-03-26 2002-10-04 Toshiba Kyaria Kk 電動機の電流検出方法及び制御装置
US6984953B2 (en) * 2003-01-20 2006-01-10 International Rectifier Corporation Method and apparatus for reconstructing motor current from DC bus current
JP2005033921A (ja) 2003-07-14 2005-02-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電動機駆動装置
JP2006034049A (ja) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Asmo Co Ltd ブラシレスモータの制御装置およびブラシレスモータ装置
JP4956123B2 (ja) 2006-09-28 2012-06-20 三洋電機株式会社 モータ制御装置
DE102006052467A1 (de) 2006-11-07 2008-05-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Strommessung in einem insbesondere mehrphasigen Stromnetz
DE102007004094A1 (de) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer mittels Pulsweitenmodulation steuerbaren Drehstrommaschine mit mehreren Phasenwicklungen
JPWO2012035719A1 (ja) 2010-09-15 2014-01-20 パナソニック株式会社 モータ電流位相検出装置およびそれを用いたモータ駆動装置
JP6067402B2 (ja) 2013-02-13 2017-01-25 株式会社東芝 モータ制御装置
JP5968805B2 (ja) 2013-02-28 2016-08-10 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 モータ装置およびモータ駆動装置

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
See also references of WO2016092000A1 *
YIKUN GU ET AL: "Switching-State Phase Shift Method for Three-Phase-Current Reconstruction With a Single DC-Link Current Sensor - IEEE Journals & Magazine", 10 March 2011 (2011-03-10), pages 5186 - 5194, XP055675085, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5727948> [retrieved on 20200310] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10312848B2 (en) 2019-06-04
DE102014018431A1 (de) 2016-06-16
CN107005192A (zh) 2017-08-01
WO2016092000A1 (fr) 2016-06-16
CN107005192B (zh) 2020-08-14
US20180019696A1 (en) 2018-01-18

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