EP3228970B1 - Herstellungsverfahren mindestens eines plattenwärmetauschers durch überlagerung der platten mithilfe von ausrichtungsmotiven - Google Patents

Herstellungsverfahren mindestens eines plattenwärmetauschers durch überlagerung der platten mithilfe von ausrichtungsmotiven Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3228970B1
EP3228970B1 EP17160548.8A EP17160548A EP3228970B1 EP 3228970 B1 EP3228970 B1 EP 3228970B1 EP 17160548 A EP17160548 A EP 17160548A EP 3228970 B1 EP3228970 B1 EP 3228970B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
plates
alignment
heat exchanger
grooves
Prior art date
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EP17160548.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3228970A1 (de
Inventor
Sébastien CHOMETTE
Mathieu Monteremand
Emmanuel Rigal
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F28F2275/061—Fastening; Joining by welding by diffusion bonding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
    • F28F2280/04—Means for preventing wrong assembling of parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of plate heat exchangers, in particular plate heat exchangers with at least two fluid circuits each comprising one or more internal fluid circulation channels.
  • the invention also relates to the manufacture of such plate heat exchangers by diffusion welding, obtained by the technique of Hot Isostatic Compression (CIC), the technique of Uniaxial Hot Heat (CUC), and / or brazing.
  • CIC Hot Isostatic Compression
  • CRC Uniaxial Hot Heat
  • brazing a technique of Uniaxial Hot Heat
  • Known heat exchangers typically include one or at least two internal fluid circulation channel circuits. In heat exchangers with a single fluid circuit, heat exchange takes place between the circuit and the environment in which it is immersed. In the exchangers with at least two fluid circuits, the heat exchanges are carried out between the different fluid circuits.
  • the present invention relates both to the production of heat exchangers with a function solely of heat exchange, and to the production of reactor-exchangers. Also, by the expression "plate heat exchanger with at least two fluid circuits", it should be understood, in the context of the invention, as well a heat exchanger with only heat exchange function that a reactor-exchanger.
  • the invention thus proposes a method of manufacturing at least one plate heat exchanger with at least two fluid circuits by superposing several plates each comprising alignment units, according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as a plate heat exchanger with at least two fluid circuits obtained by such a method.
  • US 5,099,915 discloses such a method.
  • the so-called existing plate heat exchangers have significant advantages over the so-called existing tube heat exchangers, in particular their thermal performance and their compactness due to a favorable ratio of the surface area to the heat exchange volume.
  • the known tube exchangers are, for example, tube and shell exchangers, in which a bundle of upright or bent U-shaped or helical tubes is fixed on pierced plates and disposed inside a chamber called calender.
  • a chamber called calender In these tube and shell exchangers, one of the fluids circulates inside the tubes while the other fluid circulates inside the shell.
  • These tube and shell exchangers have a large volume and are therefore of low compactness.
  • the known plate heat exchangers are more compact and are obtained by stacking plates comprising channels and assembled together.
  • the channels are made by stamping plates, where appropriate by adding strips folded in the form of fins, or by machining grooves.
  • the machining is carried out by mechanical means, for example by milling or by chemical means. Chemical machining is usually called chemical or electrochemical etching.
  • the assembly of the plates together is intended to ensure the sealing and / or the mechanical strength of the exchangers, in particular the resistance to pressure of the fluids circulating inside.
  • the assembly can thus be obtained by mechanical means, such as tie rods holding the stack tight between two thick plates and rigid disposed at the ends. The sealing of the channels is then obtained by crushing reported joints.
  • the assembly can also be obtained by welding, generally limited to the periphery of the plates, which sometimes requires to insert, after welding, the heat exchanger in a calender to allow it to withstand the pressure of the fluids.
  • the assembly can still be obtained by brazing, in particular for exchangers for which fins are added.
  • the assembly can finally be obtained by diffusion welding (welding-diffusion).
  • Plate heat exchangers assembled by diffusion welding have joints that are even more mechanically efficient than the joints of the brazed exchangers due to the absence of the solder required for brazing.
  • Welding-diffusion consists of obtaining a solid state assembly by applying a hot force to the parts to be assembled during a given time.
  • the applied force has a double function: it allows the docking, that is to say the contacting of the surfaces to be welded, and it facilitates the creep-diffusion elimination of the residual porosity in the joints (interfaces) .
  • the force can be applied by uniaxial compression, for example using a press equipped with an oven or simply using masses arranged at the top of the stack of parts to be assembled. This process is commonly known as uniaxial diffusion welding and is applied industrially for the manufacture of plate heat exchangers.
  • CIC Hot Isostatic Compression
  • the currently known compact exchangers also have major disadvantages, mainly in the case of plate heat exchangers.
  • a first major drawback is the manufacturing cost of the plates, in particular in the case of engraved groove plates.
  • the material is removed over a certain width and a certain depth in a particular direction in order to produce grooves which form the channels once the stack is made.
  • the etching of the grooves can be performed one by one, batch or integrally according to the technique used and this etching can be performed on one or both sides of the plates of the exchanger.
  • the engraving of the grooves made by conventional mechanical machining makes it possible to obtain good dimensional tolerances, but this requires a very high cost, depending on the quality required.
  • the chemical engraving certainly allows a certain reduction of cost compared to the previous case but which is quite relative. Indeed, relative to a given length, the cost of a channel of a plate heat exchanger made by chemical etching is greater than that of a tube exchanger.
  • the latter are often adjusted relative to each other by using the admission and / or fluid extraction pipes, as described for example in the international applications WO 2005/073658 A1 and WO 01/07857 A1 .
  • the inventions give some indications of pattern systems around the rectangular plates to align the fluid circuits with each other, as for example in international applications.
  • WO 98/55812 A1 and WO 2013/43263 A1 or in the US patent US 6,511,759 B1 .
  • the object of the invention is therefore to at least partially remedy the aforementioned needs and drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art, and in particular to those inherent in processes for manufacturing heat exchangers with at least two fluid circuits mentioned previously.
  • soldering-diffusion is meant the usual definition for the person skilled in the art, as explained in the article “Assemblage by diffusion (welding or soldering)", Yves BIENVENU, Techniques of the Engineer, Reference BM 7747, October 10, 2010 .
  • the pattern may have a hollow shape, passing through or not, or even partially through, for example an opening or a stamped form.
  • the hollow pattern can thus be obtained by various techniques, in particular such as by a process of deformation of the material without removal of material, such as stamping, and / or by a method of producing the pattern by removal of material, such as machining, laser cutting, photochemical etching, etc.
  • the invention makes it possible both to significantly reduce the manufacturing costs of the heat exchangers and to make more versatile plate geometry constituting these exchangers or a set of plates with different designs.
  • the principle of "alignment patterns" makes it possible to realize different configurations of heat exchangers, that is to say of lengths and complete drawings of the different fluid circuits, by using the same sets of plates, realized thanks to the invention.
  • the cost is thus reduced because the "generic" plates can be made in large quantities and a simple modification of the method of mounting the plates on top of one another can change the morphology of the fluid channels significantly.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken separately or in any possible technical combinations.
  • the reference pattern may or may not be traversing.
  • the alignment pattern (s), including the reference pattern may or may not be traversing.
  • the axes of revolution of the plates advantageously take advantage each as a center of rotation a virtual point located on the surface of the plate considered, called "center of rotation", and as axis of rotation normal to said plate passing through the center of rotation.
  • the axis of revolution of a plate can in particular correspond to its central axis of symmetry.
  • the distance between the center of each alignment pattern, including the reference pattern, and the center of rotation of the plate bearing these alignment patterns is the same for all plates of the heat exchanger.
  • the alignment patterns allow indexing of the plates relative to each other.
  • the grooves intended for the circulation of the fluids, may or may not be through. In particular, they can be made by non-through etching and / or through-hole cutting.
  • the grooves may or may not be made by circular repetition of a repetition angle different or not the repetition angle of the alignment patterns around the axes of revolution of the plates.
  • the realization of the grooves can be carried out simultaneously with or independently of the embodiment of the alignment patterns, comprising the reference pattern, on each plate.
  • constituent plates of the heat exchanger may comprise identical or different groove designs for all the plates.
  • the plates may or may not have the same transverse dimensions and / or the same thickness.
  • the alignment patterns may for example have a cross section of circular or polygonal shape, for example triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, among others.
  • the reference pattern of the second plate may be superimposed with an alignment pattern of the first plate which may be either the reference pattern of the first plate or another motif of the first plate. different alignment of the reference pattern.
  • the superposition is performed so as to allow the circulation of said at least two fluids from the channels of the first plate to the channels of the second plate.
  • step iv) After positioning the alignment tool at the coinciding patterns, it is advantageous to obtain axes of revolution of the first plate and the second plate which are collinear. Also, in order to facilitate the mounting of the plates together and to obtain this collinearity of the axes of revolution, it is preferable to implement step iv) using at least two alignment tools.
  • step ii) or step v) especially in the case of the use of plates of identical geometry, it may be possible to make the top face of the N th plate coincide with the underside. of the (N + 1) th plate or to make the top face of the N th plate coincide with the top face of the (N + 1) th plate, by turning the (N + 1) th plate. This may depend on the channel geometry of the plates of the heat exchanger and / or the desired final geometry of the channels.
  • the alignment tool or tools may have a transverse dimension, in particular a diameter, substantially equal to the transverse dimension, in particular the diameter, of alignment patterns of the plates.
  • the alignment tool or tools may in particular have a cross section similar in shape to that of the alignment patterns, for example circular or polygonal.
  • the length of an alignment tool is advantageously greater than or equal to the total length of the plates assembled together, namely at the end of step d).
  • the alignment tool or tools have a suitable shape to allow at least two plates to be aligned with each other.
  • the alignment tool or tools may in particular have a cylindrical shape.
  • Step e) of carrying out an assembly treatment may comprise diffusion-bonding and / or soldering-diffusion, in particular by the hot isostatic pressing (CIC) technique and / or by the uniaxial compression technique. hot (CUC).
  • CIC hot isostatic pressing
  • CRC uniaxial compression technique. hot
  • the step e) of carrying out an assembly treatment may comprise brazing.
  • angle of the circular repetition called “angle of rotation”
  • angle of rotation of the reference pattern of each plate around the considered axis of revolution of the plate
  • the angle of the circular repetition, called the "angle of rotation" of the reference pattern of each plate around the considered axis of revolution of the plate may be different for at least two of the plates, in particular all of the plates. plates.
  • the value of each rotation angle of the reference pattern to form one or more alignment patterns is advantageously an integer multiple of the smallest rotation angle value among all the rotational angles forming the alignment patterns.
  • the method can be implemented for the manufacture of a plurality of elementary modules of plate heat exchanger, each elementary module of plate heat exchanger being obtained by means of steps a) to e) , and the method may then comprise the following step: f) manufacturing a plate heat exchanger by combining the elementary heat exchanger modules with plates.
  • the elementary modules intended to be combined with each other to form a larger heat exchanger may be identical or different from each other. others, for example by alternating different plates.
  • the elementary modules can also be combined in series or in parallel by connecting the channels of one module to the channels of another module.
  • the tightness to finalize the assembly of the plate heat exchanger thus formed can be achieved by soldering-diffusion, brazing and / or soldering-diffusion, or even by more conventional welding techniques such as welding laser or TIG welding or by adding crushed joints by mechanical clamping.
  • the realization of elementary modules has the advantage of being able to manufacture and store elementary modules, and then to be able to make custom heat exchangers according to the requirements demanded on these heat exchangers.
  • the plates can all have an identical shape.
  • the plates may have different shapes.
  • the shapes of the plates can be of different types, for example circular or polygonal, for example triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, among others.
  • the plates can be made of metal, especially stainless steel.
  • the registration element may be in the form of a notch made at the periphery of the plate.
  • the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, a plate heat exchanger to at least two fluid circuits, characterized in that it can be obtained by means of the method as defined above.
  • the manufacturing method and the plate heat exchanger according to the invention may comprise any of the features set forth in the description, taken alone or in any technically possible combination with other characteristics.
  • a first embodiment of a plate heat exchanger 50 comprising two fluid circuits C1 and C2, consisting respectively of 130 channels and 150 channels, will be described below.
  • the method of manufacturing the heat exchanger 50 uses an assembly of a plurality of plates 10, such as that shown in FIG. figure 1 by diffusion bonding obtained by the Hot Isostatic Compression (CIC) technique.
  • CIC Hot Isostatic Compression
  • the heat exchanger 50 has a plurality of plates 10 all identical and similar to that shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the plate 10, shown on the figure 1 has a disc shape of diameter d1 and thickness e1. It comprises, on its periphery, a plurality of alignment patterns 11, in this case 130 alignment patterns 11 including the reference pattern 11a, and a plurality of grooves 12 between these alignment patterns 11 and 1. central axis of revolution X.
  • the Figure 1A is a detail view according to A of the plate 10 of the figure 1 , making it possible to better visualize the alignment patterns 11 of the plate 10.
  • each alignment pattern 11 has a disc shape passing through the plate 10 and having a diameter d2.
  • a notch 13, forming a registration element 13, has been made at the periphery of the plate 10 at the reference pattern 11a.
  • Figures 1B and 1 C are detailed views according to B 'of the plate 10 of the figure 1 top view.
  • the grooves 121 of the fluid C1 and the grooves 122 of the fluid C2 appear.
  • the first ring of grooves 121 of the fluid C1 begins at a distance r'1 from the center O and ends at a distance r'2 from the center O, so that the thickness of this first ring is equal to r'2 - r'1.
  • the first ring of grooves 122 of the fluid C2 begins at a distance r'3 from the center O and ends at a distance r'4 from the center O, so that the thickness of this first ring is equal to r ' 4 - r'3.
  • the separation between the first ring of grooves 121 of the fluid C1 and the first ring of grooves 122 of the fluid C2 is equal to r'1 - r'4. So the grooves following 121 and 122 fluids C1 and C2 are arranged in successive concentric rings.
  • the grooves 12, including the grooves 121 and 122 are ring pieces having two opposite edges in an arc whose center is the center O of the plate 10, the two other opposite edges being straight and aligned along a radius of the plate 10.
  • the alignment patterns 11 are located on a circle of center O and radius R3, as shown in FIG. Figure 1B .
  • figure 1C represents the angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 'and ⁇ 3 of the circular repetitions of the alignment patterns 11 and the grooves 12.
  • the grooves 121 of the fluid C1 are repeated with an angle ⁇ 1 and the grooves 122 of the fluid C2 are repeated with an angle ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 2 '.
  • the alignment patterns 11 they are repeated with an angle ⁇ 3.
  • the figure 2 For its part, it shows schematically in perspective an exemplary alignment tooling 20 of the plate heat exchanger 50 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • a plurality of alignment tools 20 are used, each being in the form of a cylindrical rod 20 of nominal diameter d2 equal to that of the alignment patterns 11 and of length L1, as visible on the figure 2 .
  • each plate 10 may be made of metal, in particular stainless steel, for example of the X2CrNiMo17-12-02 1.4404 type according to the European standard EN 10027, with a thickness e1 of the order of 0.5. mm for a diameter d1 of the order of 100 mm.
  • the alignment patterns 11 and / or the grooves 12 may be made by laser cutting and, unless otherwise indicated, the tolerances on the final dimensions may be of the order of ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the alignment patterns 11, here 130 in number may have a diameter d2 of the order of 2 mm, being distributed over a circle of diameter equal to about 96 mm, the angle ⁇ 3 being equal to 360/130) °.
  • the distances r'3 and r'4 may respectively be equal to about 5 mm and 8 mm, ie a thickness of about 3 mm.
  • the five rings of grooves 122 of the fluid C2 advantageously all have a thickness of about 3 mm.
  • the distances r'1 and r'2 may respectively be equal to about 9 mm and 13 mm, a thickness of about 4 mm.
  • the four rings of grooves 121 of the fluid C1 advantageously all have a thickness of about 4 mm.
  • the figure 3 represents a negative view of the alignment patterns 11, forming channels 11 ', of the figure 1 with a row of grooves 121 of the fluid C1, forming channels 121 ', and a row of grooves 122 of the fluid C2, forming channels 122', having the geometric characteristics described above.
  • each heat exchanger 50 obtained is formed by the assembly of 21 identical plates superimposed on each other, with the geometric characteristics described above.
  • the total length L of these heat exchangers 50 after manufacture is about 10.5 mm.
  • the channels 11a 'formed by the reference patterns 11a are all aligned, as shown in FIG. Figure 5A , and therefore, the channels 121 'of the fluid C1 and the channels 122' of the fluid C2 respectively formed by stacking the grooves 121 and 122 are all vertically oriented, as illustrated by FIG. figure 5 .
  • the channels 121 'and 122' formed by the grooves 121 of the fluid C1 and 122 of the fluid C2 form stair steps in the same direction of rotation, as shown in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the channel 11a 'formed by the reference pattern 11a of a plate 10 is found superimposed with the channels 11' of the alignment patterns 11 of all the plates 10 of the assembly but shifted by an angle step ⁇ 3 relative to the upper and / or lower plate.
  • the plates 10 are stacked with an offset of the reference patterns 11a according to a repeated sequence of the type ⁇ 3, ⁇ 3, - ⁇ 3, - ⁇ 3, etc.
  • This alternation of offsets clockwise and counterclockwise makes it possible to obtain a stack of 21 plates 10 as represented on the figures 8 and 8A , with views respectively similar to those of Figures 7 and 7A .
  • the three subexamples described above are presented for illustrative and non-limiting purposes of the invention.
  • the stacking combinations of the plates 10 to obtain heat exchangers 50, and the number of these plates 10, make it possible to achieve a very large number of different assemblies.
  • the characteristics of the channels that can be obtained with only one type of plate 10 are very varied.
  • the channel lengths are different as are the passage sections.
  • the channels can be given a geometric complexity capable of improving the efficiency of heat exchange by providing turbulence. This geometric complexity may also be of interest for the mixture in the case of reactor-exchangers previously described.
  • FIG. 9 a second embodiment of a plate heat exchanger 50 comprising two fluid circuits C1 and C2, each consisting of a single channel, will be described below.
  • the method of manufacturing the heat exchanger 50 uses an assembly of a plurality of plates 10a, 10a ', 10b, 10c, 10d by diffusion welding obtained by the Hot Uniaxial Compression technique (CUC).
  • CRC Hot Uniaxial Compression technique
  • the heat exchanger 50 comprises plates 10a, 10a ', 10b, 10c and 10d having different patterns. More specifically, the heat exchanger 50 comprises four types of plates.
  • the figure 9 represents the first plate model 10a of the heat exchanger 50.
  • the plate 10a shown on the figure 9 , has a hexagonal shape, a thickness e2 and a width L2, corresponding to the distance between two opposite sides.
  • the plate 10a has six alignment patterns 11 near each corner, including the reference pattern 11a.
  • the reference pattern 11a is marked by means of a polarizer 13, forming a registration element 13.
  • a plurality of grooves 12 is formed on the plate 10a around the central axis of revolution X. These grooves 12 include grooves 121 for the fluid C1 and grooves 122 for the fluid C2.
  • the Figure 9A has a view from above of half of the plate 10a of the figure 9 .
  • the polarizer 13 is in the form of a diamond-shaped notch 13 in the corner bearing the reference pattern 11a.
  • the reference pattern 11a like the other alignment patterns 11, are in the form of cylindrical patterns passing through diameter d3, and are located at a distance d4 from the edge of the plate 10a.
  • grooves 121 and 122 have an identical shape, namely a straight through light shape with circular ends of a diameter equal to the width of the channel.
  • the grooves 122 are drilled parallel to the BC side from the line OB to the height OH, H being the middle of the segment BC, and the grooves 121 are drilled parallel to the BC side from the OC line up to the height OH.
  • the first groove 121 is distant by a length d1 'from the center O of the plate 10a
  • the first groove 122 is distant by a length d2' of the first groove 121 and the second groove 121 are spaced apart by a length d3 'of the first groove 122.
  • the distance between a groove 121 and the following groove 122 then remains fixed at d2', and between a groove 122 and the groove 121 next to d3 '.
  • grooves 121 and 122 are then reproduced by central symmetry six times at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the central axis X of the plate 10a.
  • the ends of the grooves 121 and 122 do not terminate along the line OH ', as shown in FIG. Figure 9A , but at a distance d5 on both sides of the line OH '.
  • the grooves 121 have a width d6 and the grooves 122 have a width d7.
  • the hexagonal central pattern M has equal sides and a width L3.
  • the second plate model 10b is of the same size as the first plate model 10a, namely with a hexagonal shape with equal sides of width L2. Similarly, the plate 10b has six alignment patterns 11 at the corners of the hexagon, the reference pattern 11a being marked by a polarizer 13 similar to that of the plate 10a, the plate 10b having a thickness e3 here.
  • the figure 10A top view of the plate half 10b of the figure 10 shows that this plate model 10b has grooves 12 in circular and oblong form.
  • the plate 10b has grooves 121 of circular shape for the fluid C1 and grooves 122 of circular shape for the fluid C2.
  • the grooves 121 have a diameter d6 and the grooves 122 have a diameter d7.
  • These grooves 121 and 122 are made along the diagonals of the hexagon and according to the OH heights presented above with reference to the figure 10A .
  • the spacing between the grooves 121 and 122 is identical to that of the grooves 121 and 122 of the first hexagonal plate model 10a, namely the distances d1 ', d2' and d3 '.
  • the circular grooves are replaced by grooves in the form of oblong holes 123 for the fluid C1 and 124 for the fluid C2, respectively of width d6 and d7, centered according to the right OH '.
  • the distance along the line OH 'between two consecutive oblong holes 123 or consecutive 124 is d2' + d3 ', and the width of these holes 123 and 124 following the normal to the right OH' is 2 x d5.
  • These two plates 10c and 10d have the same dimensions as the previous plates 10a and 10b, namely a hexagon shape with equal sides of width L2.
  • the alignment patterns 11, including the reference pattern 11a, and the polarizer 13 are identical to those previously described for the plates 10a and 10b.
  • the respective thicknesses of the plates 10c and 10d are e4 and e5.
  • the plates 10c and 10d also comprise a hexagonal central unit M of width L3.
  • the plate 10c has a groove 12, in the form of a circular groove 12a, with a diameter d7, which will be superimposed on the last groove 122 of the plate 10a.
  • the plate 10d has in turn a groove 12, in the form of a circular groove 12b, of diameter d6, which will be superimposed on the first groove 122 of the plate 10a.
  • FIG. 13 represents, schematically in perspective, an example of alignment tooling 20 of the plate heat exchanger 50 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, in the form of an alignment stud 13 which will serve as a guide during the mounting.
  • This alignment stud 13 has the shape of a chamfered cylinder of length L3 and diameter d3.
  • the alignment patterns 11 and / or the grooves 12 may be made by laser cutting and, unless otherwise indicated, the tolerances on the final dimensions may be of the order of ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the alignment patterns 11, here the number of 6, may have a diameter d2 of the order of 2 mm, being located at a distance d3 of the order of 2 mm from the edge of the plates.
  • the grooves 121 and 122 may be of respective width d6 of the order of 1 mm and d7 of the order of 1.6 mm.
  • the figure 14 represents the final stack, in an exploded view, of the heat exchanger 50 obtained through a plate 10a, a plate 10b, a plate 10c, a plate 10d and a plate referenced 10a 'because it corresponds to a plate 10a returned.
  • the stack represented on the figure 14 is constituted from the bottom up by a plate 10c, a plate 10a, a plate 10b, a second plate 10a returned, denoted 10a ', and a plate 10d.
  • all the plates are arranged with a top view identical to the figures 9 , 10 , 11 and 12 , except for the second plate 10a '.
  • the latter must be returned, the top face shown on the figure 9 lying below in the stack.
  • the reference patterns 11a are therefore superimposed for all the plates, except the second plate 10a 'for which the polarizer 13 is then located on another vertex of the hexagonal stack.
  • the assembly is performed so that straight lines OH 'described above are all parallel to each other.
  • Two alignment tools 20 are needed in order to maintain the alignment of the plates together during the further manufacturing.
  • the sealing of the plates relative to each other of the heat exchanger 50 is performed by diffusion welding assisted by Uniaxial Hot Compression (CUC).
  • CEC Uniaxial Hot Compression
  • a notch 30 is made in the center of the side face of the heat exchanger 50 located between the 13 of the plate 10a 'and plates 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d.
  • the plates 10a, 10a 'and 10b are presented in negative to better understand the stack, the channels 11' formed by the alignment patterns 11, and the channels 121 'and 122' formed by the grooves 121 and 122 being in relief, the rest of the plates being transparent.
  • the figure 16 thus presents the plate 10a seen in negative.
  • the plate 10a' being inverted with respect to the other plate 10a, as according to the figure 17 the lines OH 'being parallel, the formation of the channels 121' and 122 'from the grooves 121 and 122 is visible all around the assembly except at the line OH'.
  • the addition of a plate 10b, as according to the Figure 17A can overcome this problem and achieve the continuity of the grooves.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to use a single plate model, namely the first plate model 10a, in two different configurations for producing a plate heat exchanger 50.
  • the invention can be applied for the realization of an evolutionary channel geometry plate heat exchanger.
  • it is possible to change the geometry of the fluid circulation channels throughout of the heat exchanger.
  • it is possible to modify the repetition angle ⁇ 3, or no offset, alignment patterns 11 over the entire length of the heat exchanger 50, as the grooves 12 of a plate are slightly in look at those of adjacent plates to form a channel. This has the advantage in some cases to intensify trade in some critical areas while others do not require it.
  • the compactness and the integrity of the heat exchanger after manufacture can also be optimized by integrating the fluid collectors C1 and C2 flowing in the channels formed from the grooves 121 and 122 respectively directly during the mounting phases of FIG. the heat exchanger.
  • the hollow patterns represented in the examples described above correspond to through-holes formed in particular by removal of material.
  • the hollow patterns may also correspond, in whole or in part, to shaped depressions without removal of material, for example by stamping.
  • At least one continuous channel can then be formed by superposition of at least two plates comprising such stamped hollow patterns, one of the plates being returned relative to the other and optionally offset by a predetermined angle with respect to the other to put the stamped hollowed patterns at least partially.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von wenigstens einem Wärmetauscher (50) mit Platten (10; 10a-10d) mit wenigstens zwei Fluidkreisläufen (C1, C2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a) Bilden einer Mehrzahl von Platten (10; 10a-10d), aus welchen der Wärmetauscher (50) gebildet wird, wobei jede Platte (10; 10a-10d) wenigstens ein vertieftes Muster umfasst, welches als "Referenzmuster" (11a) bezeichnet wird,
    b) Bilden von einem oder mehreren vertieften Mustern, umfassend das Referenzmuster (11a), welche als "Ausrichtungsmuster" (11) bezeichnet werden, an jeder Platte (10; 10a-10d) durch kreisförmiges Wiederholen des Referenzmusters (11a) um eine Drehachse (X) der Platte (10; 10a-10d), wobei die Drehachsen (X) der Platten (10; 10a-10d) zusammenfallen,
    c) Bilden einer Mehrzahl von Kerben (12), welche dazu vorgesehen sind, Kanäle für eine Zirkulation von Fluiden (C1, C2) des Plattentauschers (50) an jeder Platte (10; 10a-10d) zu bilden, wobei die Kerben (12) wenigstens eine erste Mehrzahl von Kerben (121) für den ersten Fluidkreislauf (C1) und eine zweite Mehrzahl von Kerben (122) für den zweiten Fluidkreislauf (C2) umfassen,
    und dadurch, dass es ferner die folgenden aufeinander folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    d) Anordnen der Platten (10; 10a-10d) durch Überlagern der einen bezüglich der anderen, wobei jedes Referenzmuster (11a) einer ersten Platte mit einem Ausrichtungsmuster (11) einer zweiten Platte überlagert wird, welche benachbart zu der ersten Platte ist,
    e) Durchführen einer Anordnungsbehandlung an der Anordnung, welche durch das Durchführen des vorhergehenden Schritts d) erhalten wird, durch Diffusionsschweißen, durch Löten und/oder durch Diffusionslöten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Platte (10; 10a-10d) ein Markierungselement (13) umfasst, um zu erlauben, die Position des wenigstens einen Referenzmusters (11a) der Platte (10; 10a-10d) zu erkennen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt d) des Anordnens der Platten (10; 10a-10d) die folgenden aufeinander folgenden Unterschritte umfasst:
    i) Anordnen einer ersten Platte (10; 10c) an einem Träger,
    ii) Überlagern einer zweiten Platte (10; 10a) an der ersten Platte (10; 10c), wobei das Referenzmuster (11a) der zweiten Platte (10; 10a) dazu gebracht wird, mit einem Ausrichtungsmuster (11) der ersten Platte (10; 10c) zusammenzufallen,
    iii) Platzieren eines Ausrichtungswerkzeugs (20) auf dem Niveau der zusammenfallenden Muster, welche durch das Referenzmuster (11a) der zweiten Platte (10; 10a) und das Ausrichtungsmuster der ersten Platte (10; 10c) gebildet sind, wobei das Ausrichtungswerkzeug (20) es erlaubt, das Zusammenfallen der Muster (11a, 11) beizubehalten,
    iv) anschließendes Platzieren eines weiteren Ausrichtungswerkzeugs (20) auf dem Niveau der beiden anderen zusammenfallenden Muster, welche durch ein Ausrichtungsmuster (11) der ersten Platte (10; 10c) und ein Ausrichtungsmuster (11) der zweiten Platte (10; 10a) gebildet sind, untereinander ausgerichtet und verschieden von den Mustern, welche in dem Schritt ii) verwendet werden,
    v) Überlagern von N Platten (10; 10b, 10a', 10d), wobei N eine Ganzzahl größer oder gleich 1 ist, an der zweiten Platte (10; 10a), wobei jede n-te Platte (10; 10b, 10a', 10d) durch Zusammenfallen ihres Referenzmusters (11a) mit einem Ausrichtungsmuster (11) der Platte überlagert wird, mit welcher sie nach dem Prinzip des Schritts ii) überlagert wird, sowie durch Verwenden von wenigstens einem Ausrichtungswerkzeug (20) nach dem Prinzip von Schritt iii).
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oder die Ausrichtungswerkzeuge (20) eine transversale Abmessung, insbesondere einen Durchmesser (d2; d3) aufweisen, welche im Wesentlichen gleich der transversalen Abmessung, insbesondere dem Durchmesser (d2; d3), von Ausrichtungsmustern (11) der Platten (10; 10a-10d) ist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt e) des Durchführens einer Anordnungsbehandlung das Diffusionsschweißen und/oder das Diffusionslöten umfasst, insbesondere durch die Technik der isostatischen Kompression mit Wärme (CIC) und/oder durch die Technik der uniaxialen Kompression mit Wärme (CUC).
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt e) des Durchführens einer Anordnungsbehandlung das Löten umfasst.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel (θ3) der kreisförmigen Wiederholung, genannt "Rotationswinkel", des Referenzmusters (11a) von jeder Platte (10; 10a-10d) um die betreffende Drehachse (X) der Platte (10; 10a-10d) für alle der Platten (10; 10a-10d) identifiziert wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel (θ3) der kreisförmigen Wiederholung, genannt "Rotationswinkel", des Referenzmusters (11a) von jeder Platte (10; 10a-10d) um die betreffende Drehachse (X) der Platte (10; 10a-10d) für wenigstens zwei der Platten (10; 10a-10d) unterschiedlich ist, insbesondere sämtliche der Platten (10; 10a-10d).
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert von jedem Rotationswinkel (θ3) des Referenzmusters (11a) zum Bilden von einem oder mehreren Ausrichtungsmustern (11) eine ganzzahliges Vielfaches des Werts des kleinsten Rotationswinkels (θ3) aus der Menge von Rotationswinkeln ist, welche die Ausrichtungsmuster (11) bilden.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es durch die Herstellung von einer Mehrzahl von Elementarmodulen von Platten-Wärmetauschern (50) ausgeführt wird, wobei jedes Elementarmodul eines Platten-Wärmetauschers (50) durch das Durchlaufen der Schritte a) bis e) erhalten wird,
    und dass es den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    f) Herstellen eines Platten-Wärmetauschers (50) durch Kombination von Elementarmodulen eines Platten-Wärmetauschers (50) untereinander.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (10; 10a-10d) alle eine identische Form aufweisen.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (10; 10a-10d) unterschiedliche Formen aufweisen.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (10; 10a-10d) aus Metall hergestellt werden, insbesondere aus rostfreiem Stahl.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Markierungselement (13) in der Form einer Rille (13) vorliegt, welche in dem Umfang der Platte (10; 10a-10d) hergestellt ist.
  14. Platten-Wärmetauscher (50) mit wenigstens zwei Fluidkreisläufen (C1, C2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mittels des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche erhalten wird.
EP17160548.8A 2016-03-14 2017-03-13 Herstellungsverfahren mindestens eines plattenwärmetauschers durch überlagerung der platten mithilfe von ausrichtungsmotiven Active EP3228970B1 (de)

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US10251306B2 (en) * 2016-09-26 2019-04-02 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Water cooling heat dissipation structure
EP3312541B1 (de) * 2016-10-21 2020-09-09 HS Marston Aerospace Limited Verfahren und system zur herstellung von laminierten wärmetauschern
CN115183611B (zh) * 2022-09-08 2022-11-18 中国核动力研究设计院 换热部件

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EP3228970A1 (de) 2017-10-11
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FR3048769B1 (fr) 2019-05-17

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