EP3218917B1 - Electromagnetic actuator with multiple windings - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator with multiple windings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3218917B1
EP3218917B1 EP15804888.4A EP15804888A EP3218917B1 EP 3218917 B1 EP3218917 B1 EP 3218917B1 EP 15804888 A EP15804888 A EP 15804888A EP 3218917 B1 EP3218917 B1 EP 3218917B1
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Prior art keywords
winding
differential
coil
magnetic
magnetic field
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3218917A1 (en
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Alexandre CHAMAGNE
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Hager Electro SAS
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Hager Electro SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/30—Electromagnetic mechanisms having additional short-circuited winding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator whose immunity to electric shock has been enhanced. It relates in particular electromechanical actuators which are used in combination with trigger locks of electrical line protection devices, for example differential devices and / or disjunction dependent on the mains voltage.
  • the problem to be solved by this invention is as follows: the circuits protected by electrical appliances such as those mentioned before are tested and are subjected to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests, to check whether they are sufficiently immunized against disturbances from other equipment, or more generally from the environment.
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility
  • Such an actuator it is customary for such an actuator to be controlled by a control element, for example a thyristor, itself activated when the detection circuit of the device detects a fault.
  • a varistor protects the control element in the event of an overvoltage wave as a 1.2 / 50 ⁇ s voltage wave. This varistor, placed downstream of the differential coil, becomes conductive beyond a defined voltage threshold and thus makes it possible to limit the voltage across the control element to a value lower than the breakdown voltage of the control element.
  • a current solution consists in placing an additional varistor at the terminals of the differential coil.
  • This solution makes it possible to avoid breakdowns in current wave 8 / 20 ⁇ s, but has the disadvantage of increasing the voltage (of the order of 1000V) at the terminals of the control element during a voltage wave 1, 2 / 50 ⁇ s because of the very strong current (of the order of 1000A) drained by the two varistors in series.
  • the control element so as not to degrade prematurely, must be able to withstand such a voltage. It will therefore consist, for example, of a 1200V thyristor or an IGBT, that is to say a relatively expensive component.
  • the manufacture of such an electromagnetic actuator will also be simple to implement and inexpensive.
  • This actuator is characterized principally in that it also comprises a third coil interleaved with said differential and magnetic coils, traversed by a current whose direction is inverted with respect to that of the differential coil when a current flows between the phase and the neutral of the actuator, and generating a magnetic field opposite to the magnetic field created by the differential coil, said third coil being connected in parallel with the differential coil, between the phase Ph and the neutral N of the line to be protected, and driven by control means.
  • said control means consist of a varistor voltage-controlled component, added in series downstream of the third coil, between the phase Ph and the neutral N of the line to be protected.
  • This component makes it possible to allow or not the third coil to be traversed by current depending on a voltage threshold depending on the component itself. Without the existence of such a component, the third coil would be permanently traversed by current, and either burn or trigger permanently.
  • the two varistors (the one downstream of the differential coil, and the one downstream of the third coil) become conducting simultaneously since the voltage threshold is exceeded, and the coil differential and the third coil are then traversed by current.
  • the current flowing in the third coil creates a magnetic field that opposes that created by the differential coil, thereby inhibiting the magnetic force exerted on the movable magnetic core of the electromagnetic actuator.
  • This configuration makes it possible to suppress unwanted tripping and material damage related to 1.2 / 50 ⁇ s voltage waves up to 4000V.
  • the magnetic coil when crossed by a current wave 8 / 20 ⁇ s, it generates a magnetic field.
  • the third coil captures this magnetic field by its positioning in the vicinity of the magnetic coil, and naturally created, by magnetic coupling, an induced current which passes through it in the opposite direction to the current flowing in the magnetic coil.
  • This induced current then creates a magnetic field that opposes that created by the magnetic coil.
  • the resulting magnetic field is significantly lower than that initially created by the magnetic coil, which reduces the voltage induced on the differential coil.
  • This configuration makes it possible to avoid the breakdowns caused by the 8 / 20 ⁇ s current waves.
  • the downstream components i.e. the terminal varistor of the control element and the control element, can be selected in a lower range and therefore less expensive.
  • the invention is therefore partly based on the fact that the three coils are located in the same defined space in order to have a magnetic coupling between them.
  • the three coils can even be coaxial in order to simplify their winding and positioning within the actuator. This configuration ensures maximum compactness of the actuator.
  • the invention also protects an electrical line protection apparatus comprising an electromagnetic actuator as described above.
  • the actuator of the invention as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 and 2 comprises a magnetic coil (1) and a differential coil (2) connected in parallel with the protected line, that is to say typically between phase Ph and neutral N. This actuator is placed classically upstream of a charge present on the line to protect.
  • These coils (1, 2) surround a mobile magnetic core (not shown) capable of moving from a rest position to an actuating position under the effect of the magnetic field created by the coils (1, 2), of way to close or open the contacts (7) positioned upstream of the load.
  • This actuator is controlled by a control element (5), a thyristor in this case, itself activated when the detection circuit (not shown) of the device detects a fault.
  • This thyristor (5) is placed downstream of the differential coil (2) between the phase Ph and the neutral N.
  • a varistor (4) connected in parallel with the thyristor (5), protects the latter in the event of an overvoltage wave.
  • this actuator further comprises a third coil (3) whose winding direction is inverted with respect to that of the differential coil (2), as illustrated by the two arrows.
  • said actuator further comprises a third coil (3) having a winding direction identical to that of the differential coil (2), but which is positioned upside down with respect to the differential coil (2).
  • these two coils (3, 2) are turned relative to each other.
  • the beginning end (11) of the third coil (3) is found in the vicinity of the end end (10) of the differential coil (2), and the end end (9) of the third coil (3) is in the vicinity of the start end (8) of the differential coil (2).
  • the three coils (1, 2, 3) are separated from each other on the figure 1 for the sake of clarity, but are actually nested within each other so as to generate a magnetic coupling.
  • the coil (3) by this magnetic coupling, will always generate a magnetic field opposite the field generated by the magnetic coil (1), especially during a current wave 8 / 20 ⁇ s. As a result, the voltage across the differential coil (2) is reduced, thereby avoiding dielectric breakdowns and deterioration of the adjacent varistor and thyristor.
  • An additional varistor (6) is added downstream of the third coil (3) so that the latter is not permanently powered.
  • the varistors (4, 6) become simultaneously conducting, and the coils (2, 3) are then traversed by current.
  • the current flowing in the third coil (3) creates a magnetic field that opposes that created in the differential coil (2) since the winding directions are reversed.
  • the magnetic field generated by the differential coil is in the same direction as that generated by the magnetic coil.
  • the opposite might be possible, It is a condition to delay the differential function in order to allow the magnetic coil time to trigger the product because there could be interference between the two coils (magnetic and differential) in the event of simultaneous operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromagnétique dont l'immunité aux chocs électriques a été renforcée. Elle concerne en particulier les actionneurs électromécaniques qui sont utilisés en association avec des serrures de déclenchement d'appareils électriques de protection de lignes, par exemple des appareils différentiels et/ou de disjonction dépendants de la tension secteur.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator whose immunity to electric shock has been enhanced. It relates in particular electromechanical actuators which are used in combination with trigger locks of electrical line protection devices, for example differential devices and / or disjunction dependent on the mains voltage.

Ces appareils doivent déclencher dans des conditions bien particulières, typiquement lorsqu'il se produit un déséquilibre entre la somme des courants entrants et la somme des courants sortants de la ligne protégée par l'appareil en question, ce qui correspond à une protection « différentielle » suite à un défaut différentiel, ou lorsque l'intensité du courant est anormalement élevée, ce qui correspond à une protection « magnétique » suite à un défaut de court-circuit.These devices must trigger under very specific conditions, typically when there is an imbalance between the sum of the incoming currents and the sum of the outgoing currents of the line protected by the device in question, which corresponds to a "differential" protection following a differential fault, or when the intensity of the current is abnormally high, which corresponds to a "magnetic" protection following a fault of short circuit.

Un actionneur comporte classiquement des bobines entourant un noyau magnétique mobile susceptible de se déplacer d'une position de repos à une position d'actionnement sous l'effet du champ magnétique créé par les bobines. Plus précisément, il comporte :

  • une bobine dite « différentielle » générant un champ magnétique en réponse à un défaut du type différentiel sur la ligne de courant à protéger ;
  • une bobine dite « magnétique » générant un champ magnétique en réponse à un défaut du type court-circuit sur la ligne de courant à protéger.
An actuator conventionally comprises coils surrounding a movable magnetic core capable of moving from a rest position to an actuating position under the effect of the magnetic field created by the coils. More precisely, it includes:
  • a so-called "differential" coil generating a magnetic field in response to a differential type fault on the current line to be protected;
  • a so-called "magnetic" coil generating a magnetic field in response to a fault of the short-circuit type on the current line to be protected.

Il s'agit en réalité d'un actionneur à enroulement multiple, qui consiste en une solution compacte permettant d'assurer différents types de protections avec un même actionneur.It is actually a multi-winding actuator, which consists of a compact solution to ensure different types of protections with the same actuator.

ARRIÈRE-PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Le problème que se propose de résoudre cette invention est le suivant : les circuits protégés par des appareils électriques tels que ceux mentionnés auparavant subissent des tests et sont soumis à des essais de compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM), afin de vérifier s'ils sont suffisamment immunisés contre les perturbations provenant des autres équipements, ou plus généralement de l'environnement.The problem to be solved by this invention is as follows: the circuits protected by electrical appliances such as those mentioned before are tested and are subjected to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests, to check whether they are sufficiently immunized against disturbances from other equipment, or more generally from the environment.

Ces essais sont normés, et consistent à envoyer plusieurs ondes de courant 8/20µs, puis une onde de tension 1,2/50µs dans l'appareil électrique. Ce dernier ne doit pas déclencher dans ces conditions. Cela signifie qu'en appliquant de telles ondes, il ne doit pas survenir de claquage diélectrique, ni de détérioration de composant à l'intérieur de l'appareil.These tests are standardized, and consist of sending several waves of current 8 / 20μs, then a voltage wave 1,2 / 50μs in the electrical apparatus. The latter must not trigger in these conditions. This means that by applying such waves, there must be no dielectric breakdown or component damage inside the device.

Il est d'usage qu'un tel actionneur soit piloté par un élément de commande, par exemple un thyristor, lui-même activé lorsque le circuit de détection de l'appareil détecte un défaut. Une varistance protège l'élément de commande en cas d'onde de surtension comme une onde de tension 1,2/50µs. Cette varistance, placée en aval de la bobine différentielle, devient passante au-delà d'un seuil de tension défini et permet ainsi de limiter la tension aux bornes de l'élément de commande à une valeur inférieure à la tension de claquage de l'élément de commande.It is customary for such an actuator to be controlled by a control element, for example a thyristor, itself activated when the detection circuit of the device detects a fault. A varistor protects the control element in the event of an overvoltage wave as a 1.2 / 50μs voltage wave. This varistor, placed downstream of the differential coil, becomes conductive beyond a defined voltage threshold and thus makes it possible to limit the voltage across the control element to a value lower than the breakdown voltage of the control element.

Lorsqu'une onde de tension 1,2/50µs circule dans la bobine différentielle, elle peut provoquer un déclenchement intempestif de l'appareil sous 2kV, alors que la norme exige que l'actionneur soit capable de supporter des chocs sans déclenchement en dessous de 2kV.When a 1.2 / 50μs voltage wave is flowing in the differential coil, it can cause an inadvertent tripping of the device under 2kV, whereas the standard requires the actuator to be able to withstand shocks without tripping below 2kV.

Lorsqu'une onde de courant 8/20µs circule dans la bobine magnétique, et si les spires de la bobine différentielle sont imbriquées dans les spires de la bobine magnétique, par couplage électromagnétique, apparaît une importante tension induite aux bornes de la bobine différentielle, ce qui provoque des claquages diélectriques avec une destruction de la protection différentielle.When a current wave 8 / 20μs circulates in the magnetic coil, and if the turns of the differential coil are nested in the turns of the magnetic coil, by electromagnetic coupling, appears a large voltage induced across the differential coil, this which causes dielectric breakdowns with destruction of the differential protection.

Pour pallier à ces deux problèmes, une solution actuelle consiste à placer une varistance additionnelle aux bornes de la bobine différentielle. Cette solution permet d'éviter les claquages en onde de courant 8/20µs, mais a pour inconvénient d'augmenter la tension (de l'ordre de 1000V) aux bornes de l'élément de commande lors d'une onde de tension 1,2/50µs à cause du très fort courant (de l'ordre de 1000A) drainé par les deux varistances en série. L'élément de commande, pour ne pas se dégrader prématurément, doit donc être capable de supporter une telle tension. Il consistera donc, par exemple, en un thyristor 1200V ou un IGBT, c'est-à-dire un composant relativement cher.To overcome these two problems, a current solution consists in placing an additional varistor at the terminals of the differential coil. This solution makes it possible to avoid breakdowns in current wave 8 / 20μs, but has the disadvantage of increasing the voltage (of the order of 1000V) at the terminals of the control element during a voltage wave 1, 2 / 50μs because of the very strong current (of the order of 1000A) drained by the two varistors in series. The control element, so as not to degrade prematurely, must be able to withstand such a voltage. It will therefore consist, for example, of a 1200V thyristor or an IGBT, that is to say a relatively expensive component.

Il est possible d'ajouter une résistance en amont de la bobine différentielle afin de limiter le courant qui traverse les varistances, mais cela remet en cause la compacité de l'actionneur, et l'élément de commande sera tout de même choisi parmi des composants chers pour supporter à la fois les ondes de tension 1,2/50µs et les ondes de courant 8/20µs.It is possible to add a resistor upstream of the differential coil in order to limit the current flowing through the varistors, but this calls into question the compactness of the actuator, and the control element will still be chosen from expensive components to support both the voltage waves 1.2 / 50μs and the current wave 8 / 20μs.

La solution employée actuellement s'avère donc relativement coûteuse.The solution currently used is therefore relatively expensive.

Le document EP0962952 décrit un dispositif selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document EP0962952 describes a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

RÉSUMÉ DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'objectif poursuivi, dans le cadre de la présente invention, réside donc à développer un actionneur électromagnétique capable de supporter des chocs provoqués par des surtensions brèves non provoquées par un dysfonctionnement du circuit proprement dit, sans induire de déclenchement de l'appareil dans lequel l'actionneur est intégré, ni de détérioration de composants. La fabrication d'un tel actionneur électromagnétique devra de plus être simple de mise en oeuvre et peu coûteuse.The objective pursued, in the context of the present invention, therefore lies in developing an electromagnetic actuator capable of withstanding shocks caused by brief overvoltages not caused by a malfunction of the circuit itself, without inducing tripping of the apparatus in which the actuator is integrated, nor any deterioration of components. The manufacture of such an electromagnetic actuator will also be simple to implement and inexpensive.

Pour répondre à cet objectif, l'actionneur électromagnétique selon l'invention comporte, de façon classique :

  • une bobine différentielle générant un champ magnétique en réponse à un défaut du type différentiel sur la ligne de courant à protéger ;
  • une bobine magnétique, imbriquée avec la bobine différentielle, et générant un champ magnétique en réponse à un défaut du type court-circuit sur la ligne de courant à protéger.
To meet this objective, the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention comprises, in a conventional manner:
  • a differential coil generating a magnetic field in response to a differential type fault on the current line to be protected;
  • a magnetic coil, nested with the differential coil, and generating a magnetic field in response to a short circuit-type fault on the current line to be protected.

Cet actionneur se caractérise à titre principal en ce qu'il comporte également une troisième bobine imbriquée avec lesdites bobines différentielle et magnétique, traversée par un courant dont le sens est inversé par rapport à celui de la bobine différentielle lorsqu'un courant circule entre la phase et le neutre de l'actionneur, et générant un champ magnétique opposé au champ magnétique créé par la bobine différentielle, ladite troisième bobine étant connectée en parallèle de la bobine différentielle, entre la phase Ph et le neutre N de la ligne à protéger, et pilotée par des moyens de commande.This actuator is characterized principally in that it also comprises a third coil interleaved with said differential and magnetic coils, traversed by a current whose direction is inverted with respect to that of the differential coil when a current flows between the phase and the neutral of the actuator, and generating a magnetic field opposite to the magnetic field created by the differential coil, said third coil being connected in parallel with the differential coil, between the phase Ph and the neutral N of the line to be protected, and driven by control means.

Selon l'invention, lesdits moyens de commande consistent en un composant à commande par seuil de tension, du type varistance, ajouté en série en aval de la troisième bobine, entre la phase Ph et le neutre N de la ligne à protéger. Ce composant permet d'autoriser ou non la troisième bobine à être traversée par du courant en fonction d'un seuil de tension dépendant du composant en lui-même. Sans l'existence d'un tel composant, la troisième bobine serait traversée en permanence par du courant, et soit finirait par brûler, soit provoquerait des déclenchements en permanence.According to the invention, said control means consist of a varistor voltage-controlled component, added in series downstream of the third coil, between the phase Ph and the neutral N of the line to be protected. This component makes it possible to allow or not the third coil to be traversed by current depending on a voltage threshold depending on the component itself. Without the existence of such a component, the third coil would be permanently traversed by current, and either burn or trigger permanently.

Ainsi, lors d'une onde de tension 1,2/50µs, les deux varistances (celle en aval de la bobine différentielle, et celle en aval de la troisième bobine) deviennent passantes simultanément puisque le seuil de tension est dépassé, et la bobine différentielle ainsi que la troisième bobine sont alors traversées par du courant. Le courant qui circule dans la troisième bobine crée un champ magnétique qui s'oppose à celui créé par la bobine différentielle, ce qui permet d'inhiber la force magnétique exercée sur le noyau magnétique mobile de l'actionneur électromagnétique.Thus, during a voltage wave of 1.2 / 50 μs, the two varistors (the one downstream of the differential coil, and the one downstream of the third coil) become conducting simultaneously since the voltage threshold is exceeded, and the coil differential and the third coil are then traversed by current. The current flowing in the third coil creates a magnetic field that opposes that created by the differential coil, thereby inhibiting the magnetic force exerted on the movable magnetic core of the electromagnetic actuator.

Cela est possible par exemple si le sens de bobinage de la troisième bobine est inversé par rapport au sens de bobinage de la bobine différentielle. Il existe cependant d'autres moyens, pour inverser le sens d'un courant, avec les deux bobines en question bobinées dans le même sens. Dans ce cas il suffit par exemple de retourner une bobine par rapport à l'autre, en l'occurrence de retourner la troisième bobine par rapport à la bobine différentielle. En d'autres termes, l'extrémité de début de la troisième bobine se retrouve au voisinage de l'extrémité de fin de la bobine différentielle.This is possible for example if the winding direction of the third coil is inverted with respect to the winding direction of the differential coil. However, there are other ways to reverse the direction of a current, with the two coils in question wound in the same direction. In this case it suffices for example to return a coil relative to the other, in this case to return the third coil relative to the differential coil. In other words, the beginning end of the third coil is in the vicinity of the end end of the differential coil.

Cette configuration permet ainsi de supprimer les déclenchements intempestifs et les dégradations matérielles liés aux ondes de tension 1,2/50µs, et ce jusqu'à 4000V.This configuration makes it possible to suppress unwanted tripping and material damage related to 1.2 / 50μs voltage waves up to 4000V.

Par ailleurs, lorsque la bobine magnétique est traversée par une onde de courant 8/20µs, elle génère un champ magnétique. La troisième bobine capte ce champ magnétique de par son positionnement au voisinage de la bobine magnétique, et créé naturellement, par couplage magnétique, un courant induit qui la traverse dans le sens opposé au courant qui circule dans la bobine magnétique.Moreover, when the magnetic coil is crossed by a current wave 8 / 20μs, it generates a magnetic field. The third coil captures this magnetic field by its positioning in the vicinity of the magnetic coil, and naturally created, by magnetic coupling, an induced current which passes through it in the opposite direction to the current flowing in the magnetic coil.

Ce courant induit créée alors un champ magnétique qui s'oppose à celui créé par la bobine magnétique. Le champ magnétique résultant est nettement inférieur à celui initialement créé par la bobine magnétique, ce qui permet de réduire la tension induite sur la bobine différentielle.This induced current then creates a magnetic field that opposes that created by the magnetic coil. The resulting magnetic field is significantly lower than that initially created by the magnetic coil, which reduces the voltage induced on the differential coil.

Cette configuration permet d'éviter les claquages provoqués par les ondes de courant 8/20µs.This configuration makes it possible to avoid the breakdowns caused by the 8 / 20μs current waves.

Puisque la tension induite sur la bobine différentielle est réduite, les composants situés en aval, c'est-à-dire la varistance aux bornes de l'élément de commande et l'élément de commande, peuvent être sélectionnés dans une gamme inférieure et donc moins coûteuse.Since the voltage induced on the differential coil is reduced, the downstream components, i.e. the terminal varistor of the control element and the control element, can be selected in a lower range and therefore less expensive.

L'invention est donc en partie axée sur le fait que les trois bobines sont localisées dans un même espace défini afin d'avoir un couplage magnétique entre elles. Les trois bobines peuvent même être coaxiales afin de simplifier leur bobinage et leur positionnement au sein de l'actionneur. Cette configuration permet d'assurer une compacité maximale de l'actionneur.The invention is therefore partly based on the fact that the three coils are located in the same defined space in order to have a magnetic coupling between them. The three coils can even be coaxial in order to simplify their winding and positioning within the actuator. This configuration ensures maximum compactness of the actuator.

L'invention protège également un appareil électrique de protection de ligne comprenant un actionneur électromagnétique tel que décrit ci-dessus.The invention also protects an electrical line protection apparatus comprising an electromagnetic actuator as described above.

La présente invention va être mieux comprise à partir de la description détaillée ci-après et des dessins annexés qui sont fournis à titre d'illustration uniquement, sans limiter la présente invention.The present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings which are provided by way of illustration only, without limiting the present invention.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

L'invention va à présent être décrite plus en détail, en référence aux figures annexées, pour lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente un schéma électrique de l'actionneur selon une première configuration de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 illustre un schéma électrique de l'actionneur selon une seconde configuration de l'invention.
The invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the appended figures, for which:
  • the figure 1 represents a circuit diagram of the actuator according to a first configuration of the invention;
  • the figure 2 illustrates a circuit diagram of the actuator according to a second configuration of the invention.

L'actionneur de l'invention tel qu'illustré aux figures 1 et 2 comporte une bobine magnétique (1) et une bobine différentielle (2) connectées en parallèle de la ligne protégée, c'est-à-dire typiquement entre phase Ph et neutre N. Cet actionneur est placé classiquement en amont d'une charge présente sur la ligne à protéger.The actuator of the invention as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 and 2 comprises a magnetic coil (1) and a differential coil (2) connected in parallel with the protected line, that is to say typically between phase Ph and neutral N. This actuator is placed classically upstream of a charge present on the line to protect.

Ces bobines (1, 2) entourent un noyau magnétique mobile (non représenté) susceptible de se déplacer d'une position de repos à une position d'actionnement sous l'effet du champ magnétique créé par les bobines (1, 2), de manière à fermer ou ouvrir les contacts (7) positionné en amont de la charge.These coils (1, 2) surround a mobile magnetic core (not shown) capable of moving from a rest position to an actuating position under the effect of the magnetic field created by the coils (1, 2), of way to close or open the contacts (7) positioned upstream of the load.

Cet actionneur est piloté par un élément de commande (5), un thyristor en l'occurrence, lui-même activé lorsque le circuit de détection (non représenté) de l'appareil détecte un défaut. Ce thyristor (5) est placé en aval de la bobine différentielle (2) entre la phase Ph et le neutre N.This actuator is controlled by a control element (5), a thyristor in this case, itself activated when the detection circuit (not shown) of the device detects a fault. This thyristor (5) is placed downstream of the differential coil (2) between the phase Ph and the neutral N.

Une varistance (4), connectée en parallèle du thyristor (5), protège ce dernier en cas d'onde de surtension.A varistor (4), connected in parallel with the thyristor (5), protects the latter in the event of an overvoltage wave.

En référence à la figure 1, cet actionneur comporte de plus une troisième bobine (3) dont le sens de bobinage est inversé par rapport à celui de la bobine différentielle (2), comme cela est illustré par les deux flèches.With reference to the figure 1 , this actuator further comprises a third coil (3) whose winding direction is inverted with respect to that of the differential coil (2), as illustrated by the two arrows.

En référence à la figure 2, cet actionneur comporte de plus une troisième bobine (3) ayant un sens de bobinage identique à celui de la bobine différentielle (2), mais qui est positionnée à l'envers par rapport à la bobine différentielle (2). En d'autres termes, ces deux bobines (3, 2) sont retournées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Ainsi, l'extrémité de début (11) de la troisième bobine (3) se retrouve au voisinage de l'extrémité de fin (10) de la bobine différentielle (2), et l'extrémité de fin (9) de la troisième bobine (3) se retrouve au voisinage de l'extrémité de début (8) de la bobine différentielle (2).With reference to the figure 2 said actuator further comprises a third coil (3) having a winding direction identical to that of the differential coil (2), but which is positioned upside down with respect to the differential coil (2). In other words, these two coils (3, 2) are turned relative to each other. Thus, the beginning end (11) of the third coil (3) is found in the vicinity of the end end (10) of the differential coil (2), and the end end (9) of the third coil (3) is in the vicinity of the start end (8) of the differential coil (2).

Les trois bobines (1, 2, 3) sont séparées les unes des autres sur la figure 1 pour une raison de clarté, mais sont en réalité imbriquées les unes dans les autres de manière à générer un couplage magnétique.The three coils (1, 2, 3) are separated from each other on the figure 1 for the sake of clarity, but are actually nested within each other so as to generate a magnetic coupling.

La bobine (3), de par ce couplage magnétique, générera toujours un champ magnétique opposé au champ généré par la bobine magnétique (1), notamment lors d'une onde de courant 8/20µs. Par conséquent, la tension aux bornes de la bobine différentielle (2) est réduite, ce qui permet d'éviter les claquages diélectriques et la détérioration de la varistance et du thyristor adjacents.The coil (3), by this magnetic coupling, will always generate a magnetic field opposite the field generated by the magnetic coil (1), especially during a current wave 8 / 20μs. As a result, the voltage across the differential coil (2) is reduced, thereby avoiding dielectric breakdowns and deterioration of the adjacent varistor and thyristor.

Une varistance supplémentaire (6) est ajoutée en aval de la troisième bobine (3), afin que cette dernière ne soit pas alimentée en permanence. Lors d'une onde de tension 1,2/50µs, les varistances (4, 6) deviennent simultanément passantes, et les bobines (2, 3) sont alors traversées par du courant. Le courant circulant dans la troisième bobine (3) crée un champ magnétique qui s'oppose à celui créé dans la bobine différentielle (2) puisque les sens de bobinage sont inversés. Ces deux champs magnétiques opposés permettent d'inhiber la force magnétique exercée sur le noyau mobile afin que ce dernier ne se déplace pas sous l'effet d'une onde de tension 1,2/50µs, et qu'il n'y ait donc pas de déclenchement de l'actionneur non souhaité.An additional varistor (6) is added downstream of the third coil (3) so that the latter is not permanently powered. During a voltage wave of 1.2 / 50 μs, the varistors (4, 6) become simultaneously conducting, and the coils (2, 3) are then traversed by current. The current flowing in the third coil (3) creates a magnetic field that opposes that created in the differential coil (2) since the winding directions are reversed. These two opposite magnetic fields make it possible to inhibit the magnetic force exerted on the mobile core so that the latter does not move under the effect of a 1.2 / 50μs voltage wave, and therefore there is no triggering of the undesired actuator.

De manière générale, il est préférable que le champ magnétique généré par la bobine différentielle soit dans le même sens que celui généré par la bobine magnétique. Cependant, l'inverse pourrait être possible, à condition de temporiser la fonction différentielle afin de laisser le temps nécessaire à la bobine magnétique pour déclencher le produit car il pourrait y avoir une interférence entre les deux bobines (magnétique et différentielle) en cas de fonctionnement simultané.In general, it is preferable that the magnetic field generated by the differential coil is in the same direction as that generated by the magnetic coil. However, the opposite might be possible, It is a condition to delay the differential function in order to allow the magnetic coil time to trigger the product because there could be interference between the two coils (magnetic and differential) in the event of simultaneous operation.

Claims (6)

  1. Electromagnetic line protection actuator comprising a plurality of windings surrounding a movable magnetic core which is capable of moving from a position of rest to an actuating position under the effect of the magnetic field created by the windings and comprising:
    - a differential winding (2) which generates a magnetic field in response to a differential type fault on the current line to be protected;
    - a magnetic winding (1) characterised in that said magnetic winding (1) is imbricated with the differential winding (2) and generates a magnetic field in response to a short-circuit type fault on the current line to be protected,
    and in that it also comprises a third winding (3) imbricated with the differential (2) and the magnetic (1) windings, traversed by a current, the direction of which is reversed relative to that of the differential winding (2) when a current flows between phase Ph and the neutral phase N of the actuator, and generating a magnetic field opposite to the magnetic field created by the differential winding (2), said third winding (3) being connected in parallel with the differential winding (2) between phase Ph and the neutral phase N of the line to be protected, and controlled by control means.
  2. Electromagnetic actuator according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the said control means consist of a component controlled by the voltage threshold (6), of the varistor type, added in series downstream of the third winding (3), between phase Ph and the neutral phase N of the line to be protected.
  3. Electromagnetic actuator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the winding direction of the third winding (3) is reversed relative to that of the differential winding (2).
  4. Electromagnetic actuator according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the winding direction of the third winding (3) is identical to that of the differential winding (2) and in that the third winding (3) is returned relative to the differential winding (2).
  5. Electromagnetic actuator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the three windings (1, 2, 3) are coaxial.
  6. Electric line protection device comprising an electromagnetic actuator as described in the preceding claims.
EP15804888.4A 2014-11-14 2015-11-10 Electromagnetic actuator with multiple windings Active EP3218917B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1460980A FR3028663B1 (en) 2014-11-14 2014-11-14 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH MULTIPLE COILS
PCT/FR2015/053040 WO2016075404A1 (en) 2014-11-14 2015-11-10 Electromagnetic actuator with multiple windings

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3218917A1 EP3218917A1 (en) 2017-09-20
EP3218917B1 true EP3218917B1 (en) 2019-01-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15804888.4A Active EP3218917B1 (en) 2014-11-14 2015-11-10 Electromagnetic actuator with multiple windings

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EP (1) EP3218917B1 (en)
CN (1) CN107148660B (en)
AU (1) AU2015344911B2 (en)
FR (1) FR3028663B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016075404A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE531282C (en) * 1931-08-08 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Overcurrent magnet with a short-circuited damper winding for electrical switches that monitor networks with periodically fluctuating direct current
FR2779568B1 (en) * 1998-06-04 2000-07-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sa ELECTRICAL CUT-OFF DEVICE INCLUDING A DIFFERENTIAL TRIP DEVICE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER INCLUDING SUCH A DEVICE
US7128032B2 (en) * 2004-03-26 2006-10-31 Bose Corporation Electromagnetic actuator and control
FR2919421B1 (en) * 2007-07-23 2018-02-16 Schneider Electric Industries Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR HAVING AT LEAST TWO WINDINGS
FR2969369A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-22 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTRICAL PROTECTION APPARATUS COMPRISING THE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FUNCTION
FR2974662B1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2016-04-15 Hager Electro Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH MAGNETIC GENERATOR

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2015344911B2 (en) 2020-03-19
WO2016075404A1 (en) 2016-05-19
FR3028663A1 (en) 2016-05-20
CN107148660B (en) 2019-05-28
AU2015344911A1 (en) 2017-06-01
CN107148660A (en) 2017-09-08
FR3028663B1 (en) 2016-12-16
EP3218917A1 (en) 2017-09-20

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