EP3159967A1 - Antenne multibande gnss - Google Patents

Antenne multibande gnss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3159967A1
EP3159967A1 EP16194780.9A EP16194780A EP3159967A1 EP 3159967 A1 EP3159967 A1 EP 3159967A1 EP 16194780 A EP16194780 A EP 16194780A EP 3159967 A1 EP3159967 A1 EP 3159967A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric resonator
antenna
resonator antenna
base plate
dielectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16194780.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3159967B1 (fr
Inventor
Stefano Caizzone
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Publication of EP3159967A1 publication Critical patent/EP3159967A1/fr
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Publication of EP3159967B1 publication Critical patent/EP3159967B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
    • H01Q9/0492—Dielectric resonator antennas circularly polarised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems

Definitions

  • the invention a multiband GNSS antenna.
  • GNSS antennas When using GNSS antennas in, for example, automobiles or aircraft, great efforts have been made to make the antennas known in the art smaller. This is particularly important because GNSS antennas must often be mounted outside a vehicle or at least on the outside surface of a vehicle or aircraft. In order to be able to integrate GNSS antennas better in vehicles, airplanes, etc., it is constantly trying to make these antennas smaller.
  • multi-band GNSS antennas so that as many signal bands as possible can be covered.
  • the use of multiband GNSS antennas is not possible or very difficult for antennas with very small dimensions.
  • antenna arrays are advantageous to suppress interference, for example, by maximizing signals originating from the satellite and minimizing spurious signals from other directions.
  • GNSS antennas can now measure about 1 cm in size and can be used in cell phones, for example.
  • a strong limitation of the performance is accepted: For example, the achievable gain is well below 0 dBi.
  • the antennas behave as linearly as possible in terms of their polarization, while RHCP polarization (right hand circular polarization) would be desirable. This corresponds to the polarization of the satellite signals.
  • Such antennas can thus not be used for precise and trouble-free navigation.
  • multiband antennas covering several frequency bands are used, for example the L1 / E1 band as well as one or more of the E5 / L2 / E6 bands, then larger antenna elements must be used. Furthermore, special measures must be taken for the adaptation to the different frequency bands. In the prior art there exist either antennas that are multiband capable but whose bandwidth decreases with the size of the antenna or broadband antennas are known which cover the entire L band and not just the navigation signal bands. However, the latter can only be miniaturized to a very limited extent.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a multiband GNSS antenna with reduced dimensions.
  • the multiband GNSS antenna according to the invention comprises an electrically conductive base plate and a first dielectric resonator antenna which is arranged on the base plate.
  • a first dielectric resonator antenna which is arranged on the base plate.
  • a second dielectric resonator antenna is arranged directly above the first dielectric resonator antenna on the side facing away from the base plate. Immediately, it is understood that no other components are disposed between the first and second dielectric resonator antennas so that the first dielectric resonator antenna contacts the second dielectric resonator antenna. If, for example, the first and second dielectric resonator antennas are circular-cylindrical, then the lower base surface of the second dielectric resonator antenna can be in full contact with the upper base surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna. An adhesive layer may be disposed between the two dielectric resonator antennas to connect the two antennas together. Furthermore, the first dielectric resonator antenna may be fixed on the base plate by means of an adhesive. According to the invention, the first dielectric resonator antenna and the second dielectric resonator antenna have different diameters and thus different resonance frequencies.
  • the multiband GNSS antenna according to the invention can be used along a wider frequency band, although it has smaller dimensions.
  • a suitable material for the electrical resonator antennas in both the upper and in the lower navigation band a gain of more than 0 dBi can be achieved, while the antenna size does not exceed 3.5 cm x 3.5 cm x 4 cm.
  • a glass-ceramic material can be used which has a dielectric constant between 30 and 35.
  • the antenna according to the invention can thus be made particularly small and still achieve good performance and bandwidth in two or more GNSS bands. It can thus be used particularly advantageously in mobile applications such as cars, airplanes, UAVs, drones, etc.
  • one of the electric resonator antennas particularly the first dielectric resonator antenna, has a resonant frequency in the band between 1164 to 1214 MHz or 1215 to 1239.6 MHz or 1260 to 1300 MHz, while the other antenna, in particular the second dielectric resonator antenna has a resonant frequency in the band between 1563 to 1587 MHz.
  • first and second dielectric resonator antennas comprise a ceramic or glass-ceramic material.
  • each dielectric resonator antenna has on its upper side, that is, the side facing away from the base plate, a metal lid, wherein the metal lid of the first dielectric resonator antenna serves as a base plate for the second dielectric resonator antenna.
  • the metal lid may completely or partially cover the respective dielectric resonator antenna.
  • the first dielectric resonator antenna has a metal cover and the second not.
  • the metal lid of the first dielectric resonator antenna is considered to be part of the first dielectric resonator antenna and, according to the invention, apart from a possible adhesive layer, is the only element which is interposed between the dielectric material of the first dielectric resonator dielectric resonator antenna and the dielectric material of the second dielectric resonator antenna.
  • both dielectric resonator antennas are connected to two common connection lines, via which the electrical signals are received, which are received by the antennas.
  • the two common connection lines extend from the base plate along the outer wall of the first dielectric resonator antenna to the second dielectric resonator antenna, and preferably along at least a part of the outer wall of the second dielectric resonator antenna. It is preferred that the two connecting lines extend at a right angle to the base plate and preferably adjacent to the lateral surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna and the first and second dielectric resonator antenna.
  • connection lines are arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other relative to the central axis of the two dielectric resonator antennas.
  • Each connection line is thus associated with an electrical signal on the x- and y-axis, which are phase-shifted relative to each other by 90 °.
  • a RHCP polarization of the antenna can be achieved (Right Hand Circular Polarization).
  • the connection lines are formed as metal strips, which bear against the lateral surface of the one or both dielectric resonator antennas.
  • the two connecting lines may have a frequency-dependent matching device, by means of which the effective length of the connecting lines is adapted as a function of the frequency of the signal conducted via the two connecting lines.
  • the effective length of the two leads for the first dielectric resonator antenna may be at the resonant frequency of the first dielectric Resonatorantenne be adapted while the effective length of the leads for the second dielectric resonator antenna is adapted to the resonant frequency of the second dielectric resonator antenna.
  • This is of great importance since the dimensions and in particular the length of the connecting line must be adapted to the resonance frequency of an antenna, so that an optimal adaptation to the frequency band to be operated can be achieved.
  • the GNSS antenna according to the invention is multiband capable, in particular dual-band capable, it is important to provide a possibility for separately determining the effective length of the connection lines which are in contact with the two dielectric resonator antennas for each antenna. This can be done by the inventive frequency-dependent length adjustment device, without it being necessary to provide two separate connection lines for each dielectric resonator antenna.
  • the length adjusting device can be designed, for example, to block a signal with the frequency assigned to the first dielectric resonator antenna and to pass on a signal having the frequency associated with the second dielectric resonator antenna.
  • the length adjusting device can be designed as a resonance circuit for this purpose.
  • electrical components such as capacitors, resistors, etc. may be used.
  • Such devices for blocking certain frequencies and forwarding other frequencies are known in the art and are commonly referred to as "RF traps".
  • Such a device thus has the effect of being permeable to the frequency of the second dielectric resonator antenna, so that the effective The length of the two connection lines for the second dielectric resonator antenna is longer than the effective length of the two connection lines for the first dielectric resonator antenna, for the frequency of which the length adaptation device is not permeable.
  • the part of the leads of the second dielectric resonator antenna is electromagnetically coupled to the part of the leads of the first dielectric resonator antenna.
  • the part of the connection line of the second dielectric resonator antenna is thus galvanically isolated from the part of the connection lines of the first dielectric resonator antenna and only permeable to signals of a certain frequency or a certain frequency range.
  • a similar effect can be achieved by using a metamaterial for the length adjusting device.
  • a Split Ring Resonator SRR
  • SRR Split Ring Resonator
  • the metal cover serving as the base plate for the second dielectric resonator antenna serving as an electromagnetic coupling device for coupling the electric field generated by the first dielectric resonator antenna to the second dielectric resonator antenna is trained.
  • the said metal lid may have slots, which are shown in more detail in the description of the figures.
  • first and second dielectric resonator antenna have a circular cylindrical shape and in particular are arranged concentrically to one another.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be used as a single antenna or alternatively in an antenna array.
  • An antenna array may have all the features of the previously described antennas and may be used to amplify signals originating from a satellite and attenuate signals originating from sources of interference coming from another direction. Thus, a lower susceptibility to interference can be achieved.
  • a plurality of, in particular four, first dielectric resonator antennas and a plurality, in particular four, second dielectric resonator antennas are arranged next to one another on a base plate.
  • the base plate may in particular be circular and, for example, have a diameter of less than 9 cm.
  • more or fewer than four dielectric resonator antennas may also be arranged on a single base plate.
  • the multi-band GNSS antenna 10 is arranged on a base plate 12. It has a first dielectric resonator antenna 14 and a second dielectric resonator antenna 16 arranged directly above it. Both dielectric resonator antennas 14, 16 are circular-cylindrical in cross-section, with the second dielectric resonator antenna 16 resting against the upper base surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 along its lower base surface. On the upper side of each dielectric resonator antenna 14, 16, that is to say on the side remote from the base plate 12, a metal plate 18, 20 is arranged in each case.
  • the metal plate on the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 may be smaller in diameter than the diameter of the second dielectric resonator antenna 16, so that the terminal leads 22, 23 are not short-circuited by the metal plate. This makes it possible to achieve a further reduction in the dimensions of the antenna 10 according to the invention.
  • the metal plate 18 of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 serves as a base plate for the second dielectric resonator antenna 16.
  • the two connecting lines 22, 23 are supplied.
  • the connecting lines 22, 23 thus extend in the illustrated embodiment at a right angle to the base plate 12 in the axial direction along the entire axial length of the lateral surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 and along a portion of the axial length of the second dielectric resonator antenna 16 adjacent to its lateral surface.
  • the first part of the lead 22, 23 applied to the first dielectric resonator antenna is indicated as 22a and 23a, respectively, while the second part which abuts the second dielectric resonator antenna 16 is indicated as 22b and 23b, respectively.
  • a middle part of the connecting lines 22, 23, which is arranged between the first part 22a, 23a and the second part 22b, 23b thereof, does not run along the lateral surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 but along a part of the upper base surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 namely, from its circumference in the radial direction inwards to the smaller circumference of the second dielectric resonator antenna 16.
  • a first and second length adjustment device 24, 26 is arranged on the lateral surface of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14, by means of which an adaptation of the effective length of the connection lines 22, 23 takes place on the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 acts.
  • the axial position at which the length adjusting devices 24, 26 are arranged along the axial extent of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 is hereby selected as a function of the resonant frequency of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 and thus depending on its diameter.
  • Fig. 1b is a plan view of the same first embodiment as in Fig. 1a shown.
  • the upper base of the second dielectric resonator antenna 16 and a part of the upper base of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 are visible from above.
  • the two dielectric resonator antennas 14, 16 are arranged concentrically with one another and in particular concentrically with the circular base plate 12.
  • the base plate may also have other geometric shapes in alternative embodiments.
  • FIG Fig. 2 Another alternative embodiment of a multiband GNSS antenna according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 2 shown.
  • the lower metal plate 18 covering the upper base of the first dielectric resonator antenna has four slits 28a to 28d from its circumference in the radial direction toward the center thereof, coupling the second dielectric resonator antenna 16 to the first dielectric Resonator antenna takes place by the electric field of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14 is coupled to the second dielectric resonator antenna.
  • the four slots 28a-28d more or fewer slots may be provided.
  • the two leads 22, 23 need not extend in the axial direction to the second dielectric resonator, but extend only to the first dielectric resonator 14. This is thus mainly supplied by the leads 22, 23, while the upper dielectric resonator 16 through the antenna described coupling is controlled.
  • the further features of this embodiment correspond to the previously described feature of the antenna 10 according to the invention.
  • a third embodiment of the multiband GNSS antenna according to the invention is in Fig. 3 shown.
  • the connecting lines 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b to the second dielectric resonator 16.
  • each of the first part 22a, 23a of the connecting leads to the first resonator 14, while the second part 22b, 23b abuts the second resonator 16 .
  • the first part 22a, 23a has as a length adjusting device 24, 26 a so-called RF trap. This can be passed only from those frequencies associated with the second dielectric resonator antenna 16 while blocking the frequencies of the first dielectric resonator antenna 14.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b An alternative embodiment of a GNSS antenna 10 according to the invention is shown in FIGS FIGS. 4a and 4b shown.
  • a single base plate 12 four individual antennas each having a first dielectric resonator antenna 14a to 14d and a second dielectric resonator antenna 16a to 16d.
  • Each of these dielectric resonator antennas is formed according to the features described so far.
  • the four individual antennas are preferably arranged uniformly on the circular base plate 12, for example in the form of a square. This makes it possible to design the base plate with a diameter of less than 9 cm, so that a particularly compact multi-band GNSS antenna can be provided.
  • the remaining features of this embodiment correspond to the previously described features of the device 10 according to the invention.

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EP16194780.9A 2015-10-20 2016-10-20 Antenne multibande gnss Active EP3159967B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015220372.7A DE102015220372B3 (de) 2015-10-20 2015-10-20 Multiband-GNSS Antenne

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EP3159967A1 true EP3159967A1 (fr) 2017-04-26
EP3159967B1 EP3159967B1 (fr) 2018-11-21

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110416713A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-05 北京邮电大学 一种宽带二维波束扫描介质谐振天线和无线通信***
CN113285213A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-20 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 一体化5g毫米波双频介质谐振器天线模组及电子设备
CN115101930A (zh) * 2022-07-15 2022-09-23 广东工业大学 边缘加载谐振枝节的双频卫星导航天线

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JP6518285B2 (ja) 2017-05-01 2019-05-22 原田工業株式会社 アンテナ装置
DE102017217117B3 (de) 2017-08-31 2019-01-17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. GNSS-Antenne
DE102018203191A1 (de) * 2018-03-02 2019-09-05 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenne
CN110311691B (zh) * 2019-06-24 2024-02-06 浙江嘉科电子有限公司 一种基于无人机无人值守平台的多频段射频侦测转发设备
CN112688069B (zh) * 2020-12-21 2022-01-04 西安电子科技大学 一种方向图可调的三极化单元及其阵列天线

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110416713A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-05 北京邮电大学 一种宽带二维波束扫描介质谐振天线和无线通信***
CN110416713B (zh) * 2019-08-27 2021-05-04 北京邮电大学 一种宽带二维波束扫描介质谐振天线和无线通信***
CN113285213A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-20 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 一体化5g毫米波双频介质谐振器天线模组及电子设备
CN113285213B (zh) * 2021-04-30 2023-12-19 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 一体化5g毫米波双频介质谐振器天线模组及电子设备
CN115101930A (zh) * 2022-07-15 2022-09-23 广东工业大学 边缘加载谐振枝节的双频卫星导航天线
CN115101930B (zh) * 2022-07-15 2022-11-15 广东工业大学 边缘加载谐振枝节的双频卫星导航天线

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DE102015220372B3 (de) 2016-10-06
EP3159967B1 (fr) 2018-11-21

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