EP3156651A1 - Pressure increasing device - Google Patents
Pressure increasing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3156651A1 EP3156651A1 EP15190110.5A EP15190110A EP3156651A1 EP 3156651 A1 EP3156651 A1 EP 3156651A1 EP 15190110 A EP15190110 A EP 15190110A EP 3156651 A1 EP3156651 A1 EP 3156651A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- control device
- booster pump
- increasing device
- increasing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/09—Component parts or accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0027—Varying behaviour or the very pump
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B5/00—Use of pumping plants or installations; Layouts thereof
- E03B5/02—Use of pumping plants or installations; Layouts thereof arranged in buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/04—Domestic or like local pipe systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
- F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0066—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
- F04B2205/04—Pressure in the outlet chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
- F04B2205/05—Pressure after the pump outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
- F04B2205/06—Pressure in a (hydraulic) circuit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pressure-increasing device for increasing the pressure of a liquid flowing through a conduit.
- Such pressure booster devices are used, for example, in the drinking water supply of buildings, when the pipeline pressure in a drinking water supply, for example, is not sufficiently high to convey the drinking water to the uppermost floors of a building.
- Such pressure increasing means comprise one or more booster pumps which can be connected in parallel or in series and which are turned on when the pressure on the output side of the pressure booster pumps falls below a predetermined limit. Accordingly, the booster pumps are turned off when a desired target pressure is reached.
- the pressure increasing device serves to increase the pressure of a liquid flowing through a conduit, for example drinking water in a drinking water conduit.
- the pressure-increasing device has at least one booster pump. However, it is also possible to connect several pressure-increasing pumps in parallel and / or in series. If the term pressure booster pump is used below, this expressly also includes such arrangements of several pressure booster pumps.
- the pressure increasing means further comprises a control means which controls the booster pump. For this purpose, there is at least one pressure sensor arranged on or on the output side of the booster pump, which is connected to the control device in such a way that pressure measured values detected by the pressure sensor are transmitted to the control device.
- the control device is designed such that it controls the pressure-increasing pump in a start-stop mode at least in one operating region. That means the pump will be reached when reaching an upper one Pressure limit switched off and turned on when reaching a lower pressure limit. Thus, the pressure in the line on the output side of the pressure-increasing device is maintained between the upper and lower pressure limits.
- the control device is designed such that it automatically adapts at least one pressure control parameter of the control device in this start-stop operation.
- a pressure control parameter is a parameter on which the control of the booster pump is based by the control device, in particular a parameter which has an influence on the switch-on and switch-off times in the start-stop mode.
- the automatic adaptation of this at least one pressure-control parameter is carried out according to the invention on the basis of the time advance of at least one pressure value detected by the pressure sensor.
- a self-learning system is created which automatically adapts to the current conditions in the hydraulic system on the output side of the pressure-increasing device.
- control means is arranged such that the adjustment takes place in such a way that the pressure difference between the upper and the lower pressure limit value is minimized without increasing the number of switch-on operations over a predetermined limit value.
- This ensures that the running time of the booster pump in the start-stop operation is substantially not prolonged, but at the same time the comfort is improved by minimizing pressure fluctuations in the system. Thus, the comfort can be increased while energy efficiency.
- the pressure-increasing device or its control device is designed such that the at least one pressure-control parameter, which is automatically adjusted, is the upper and / or lower pressure limit.
- the pressure control parameter may be the difference between the upper and the lower pressure limit, ie a Hystrese span.
- the adaptation of the pressure limits or their difference enables an automatic adjustment of the pressure increasing device to the subsequent hydraulic system or the conditions prevailing in the system by the pressure limits are adjusted so that the pressure difference is minimized during operation, without the number of power-on or to substantially increase the total on-duration of the booster pump. So a comfort gain is achieved.
- an adaptation of the system to a tank volume of a buffer tank in the system is possible. With large volumes, it is possible to reduce the pressure difference, so that overall lower pressure fluctuations occur in the system.
- the control device is designed such that the adjustment of the at least one pressure control parameter, for example, the upper and / or lower pressure limit, based on the temporal flow of the at least one detected pressure value in such evaluation periods, in which is given a constant flow in the line.
- the at least one pressure control parameter for example, the upper and / or lower pressure limit
- control device is designed such that it sets the Auwertzeitschreib in such periods in which in the start-stop operation, the pressure booster pump is turned on. That is, the temporal pressure curve, on the basis of which the adaptation of the pressure control parameter takes place, is preferably detected during the pressure increase by the pressure booster pump.
- control device is designed so that the said evaluation periods are placed in periods in which a speed of the pressure booster pump is increased or decreased by the control device.
- control device is preferably designed such that it monitors the pressure profile, that is the course of the pressure measured by the at least one pressure sensor in the system and makes an adjustment of at least one pressure control parameter only as long as the pressure profile in predefined Limits follows a desired pressure curve. If this is the case, it can be concluded from this that there are no changes in the stable operating state, which are due, for example, to the fact that tapping points are opened or closed. These influences should be excluded according to the invention as far as possible.
- control device is designed such that it is suitable for adapting the at least a prediction error method (prediction error system identification method) is used for a pressure control parameter.
- a prediction error method prediction error system identification method
- the deviation from a predicted pressure value is considered, and an adjustment is made in such a manner that this deviation or error is minimized.
- the controller preferably includes a prediction system for predicting a pressure value based on a predictive model.
- the prediction system is designed so that the prediction takes place as a function of the speed of the booster pump. That is, the predictive system predicts an expected pressure value in the system in response to a current speed of the booster pump.
- the prediction system adjusts at least one system parameter in the predictive model based on a predetermined algorithm. This achieves that the predictive model is adapted to the actual system and the prediction error is minimized or becomes smaller.
- this system can also be used to detect changes in the hydraulic system, such as leaks. If larger changes of the at least one system parameter in the prediction model are required after a previously constant operation, this indicates a change in the system, for example leakage.
- the control device can be designed so that, if it detects such a deviation, for example, indicates an error.
- the prediction system is preferably adapted to use a predictive model which is an autoregressive model (ARX-model), in particular a first-order autoregressive model (ARX-model). Based on such a model, a prediction of the pressure values can be achieved in a simple manner. Further, in such a model, at least one system parameter used may be adjusted in the manner described above to minimize the prediction error.
- ARX-model autoregressive model
- ARX-model first-order autoregressive model
- control device is designed such that the at least one pressure control parameter depending on the at least one system parameter in the prediction model, in particular based on a predetermined algorithm or a table, in particular a predetermined and stored in the control device Table is fixed.
- the above-described pressure limit values can also be adapted as pressure-control parameters as a function of the system parameter in the predictive model, which is adapted in the manner described above.
- the pressure control parameter which preferably has an influence on the on and / or off times of the booster pump in start-stop operation, is adjusted as a function of the at least one adapted system parameter, so that in addition to minimizing the prediction error in the previously described manner, the pressure difference between switching on and off of the booster pump can be minimized and so a comfort gain can be achieved.
- the control device preferably has a pressure regulator, which regulates the pressure booster pump to a pressure setpoint.
- the pressure regulator is supplied with the pressure setpoint as an input variable.
- the pressure setpoint is preferably from the control device set based on a user-specified desired pressure value.
- the at least one pressure control parameter may be a control parameter in the pressure regulator.
- a pressure control parameter may be adjusted alone or in addition to other pressure control parameters in the manner described above based on the time history of the pressure value.
- the pressure-increasing device is designed so that the output side of the booster pump, a check valve is arranged.
- a check valve is advantageous to ensure when switched off booster pump that no backflow of the liquid occurs and the pressure on the output side of the booster pump, that is, the output side of the check valve is held. Furthermore, this check valve closes at low flow rates.
- a speed change of the booster pump has no influence on the actual pressure measured by the pressure sensor downstream of the check valve.
- the pressure sensor is preferably arranged downstream of the check valve. If the speed change no longer has an influence on the actual pressure, the actual pressure will no longer follow the predicted pressure value if the pressure setpoint that the pump attempts to adjust by the speed change decreases. From this, a low flow can be detected and the controller can switch the controller to the described start-stop mode. In this state, the described adaptation of the at least one pressure control parameter then takes place.
- control device is preferably designed such that it controls the pressure booster pump in an operating range in which a low flow prevails in the described start-stop operation and in at least one other operating range, preferably a larger flow operating range, the pressure booster pump to reach regulates a desired pressure increase in their speed.
- the limit for the start-stop operation may be in a known manner, for example in the off DE 38 24 293 A1 done known manner. In particular, as described above, this can be detected by the action of the check valve and by whether the actual pressure profile follows the predicted pressure curve within desired limits.
- the booster pump is preferably in continuous operation and the pressure is adjusted by speed control or speed adjustment in the desired manner.
- the booster pump is preferably an electronically controlled pump, in particular a regulated via a frequency converter pump, so that the speed can be changed arbitrarily.
- the controller is preferably configured to detect the low flow area.
- the control device can preferably have a flow detection model, which is designed to detect the operating range of low flow rate based on at least one pressure value detected by the pressure sensor and based on speed changes of the booster pump.
- the pressure sensor is preferably arranged behind a check valve, as described above.
- the flow detection model can detect the low flow range by the fact that with the check valve closed, which occurs at low flow, the measured pressure value no longer follows a change in the target pressure. The That is, the limit for the low-speed region in which to switch to the start-stop operation depends on the function of the check valve, and preferably on its bias.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a pressure increasing device in a drinking water supply line.
- the pressure-increasing device has a pressure booster pump 2, to which the output side downstream of a check valve 4 is connected.
- a buffer tank 6 On the output side of the check valve 4, a buffer tank 6 is arranged, which may be formed in a conventional manner as a storage tank with a membrane and a closed air volume arranged above.
- a pressure sensor 8 is arranged, which detects the pressure P on the output side of the booster pump 2 and the output side of the check valve 4.
- a valve 10 is shown schematically, which is to represent one or more consumers, for example, removal points and via which the flow in the line 5 is set on the output side of the check valve 4. It should be understood that instead of a valve 10, a branched network with a plurality of valves 10 may in practice be connected to the conduit 5.
- a control device 12 which controls the pressure booster pump 2 or regulates.
- the booster pump 2 is to be controlled by the controller 12 on the one hand and off to another but also in their speed.
- the pressure booster pump 2 can be controlled via a speed controller, in particular a frequency converter.
- the control device 12 is signal-connected to the pressure sensor 8 so that it receives the pressure values detected by the pressure sensor 8.
- booster pump 2 instead of a single booster pump 2, a plurality of pressure booster pumps connected in parallel and / or in series could be used, which are controlled by the control device 12. If a booster pump 2 is described here, it is to be understood that this expressly also includes an arrangement of a plurality of booster pumps 2.
- the booster pump 2 preferably runs in continuous operation and is regulated by the control device 12 as a function of the pressure value detected at the pressure sensor 8 in terms of its speed in order to achieve or maintain a set pressure value.
- the check valve 4 closes and the speed control of the booster pump 2 no longer has any influence on a reduction in the pressure in the line 5.
- a pressure control as described above, can no longer be performed.
- the pressure increasing device switches to a start-stop operation in which the booster pump 2 is turned on when the pressure P in the line 5 falls below a lower pressure limit, and the booster pump 2 is turned off when the pressure P in the line 5 reaches an upper pressure limit. This switching on and off of the booster pump 2 is accomplished by the controller 12.
- Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b is plotted in each case the upper diagram of the pressure P in the line 5 over the time t.
- the lower diagram shows in each case over the time t the switch-on states of the booster pump 2.
- Fig. 2a shows in the upper curve the pressure curve over time t for a small tank volume and in the lower curve the associated switch-on states.
- the pressure booster pump 2 is in each case on reaching the upper pressure limit P 1 to the switch-off T A switched off.
- the upper pressure limit P 1 is reduced to the pressure limit P 1 'and the lower pressure limit P 2 is increased to the lower pressure limit P 2 ', ie the Hystresespanne is reduced to P 1 '- P 2 '.
- the pressure difference between switching off and on of the booster pump 2 decreases.
- the time interval between the switch-off times T A and the switch-on times T E is also shortened again.
- FIG. 7 which shows the pressure curve P over the time t, similar to the upper curve in FIG Fig. 2b .
- a first operating state a there is a low flow with a small tank volume.
- the actual pressure P fluctuates around the user-selected pressure P u in a relatively wide range.
- the switching intervals are short.
- the operating state b in Fig. 7 represents a low flow state with a larger tank volume.
- the pressure fluctuations remain the same, however, the intervals between switching on and off the booster pump 2 extend.
- the operating range c represents a low flow rate for a large tank volume after adjustment of the pressure Pressure limits P 1 and P 2 .
- the switching intervals are shortened again.
- the pressure fluctuation decreases by the desired value P u .
- the operating range d corresponds to a high-flow operating range in which the booster pump 2 is no longer operated in start-stop operation but in constant operation with pressure control. There are essentially no pressure fluctuations in this operating range.
- Fig. 3 shows in a diagram the sequence of the control or the pressure booster pump 2 by the control device 12.
- the in Fig. 3 shown control components are integrated into the control device 12 and run there in corresponding modules. These are in particular software modules.
- the physical system 14 and its influences on the control are in Fig. 3 indicated by the dashed line.
- An essential component of the physical system 14 is a transfer function 16, which represents the hydraulic system or is formed by the hydraulic system and of which the conversion of the speed n of the pressure booster pump 2 in the pressure P in the line 5 depends.
- a user-dependent transfer function 18 which represents the influence of the position of the valve 10.
- the pressure P in the line 5 also changes. This is represented by the transfer function 18.
- the speed n is the output of a pressure regulator 20, which is integrated in the control device 12.
- the pressure regulator 20 is supplied with a target pressure Ps from which the actual pressure P at the subtractor 22 is subtracted.
- the target pressure P S is calculated or output by a state control module 24.
- the state control module 24 is supplied as input a desired by the user pressure P u .
- the difference between the upper pressure limit P 1 and the lower pressure limit P 2 , ie a Hystresespanne P 1 - P 2 is determined in a parameter module 28. This is done on the basis of the parameters a 1 and b 1 determined in a prediction module 26.
- a predictive model is used, which in the present example is a first-order autoregressive model (ARX model). Its parameters a 1 and b 1 are determined in a prediction module 26.
- the prediction module 26 is supplied with the actual pressure P, the rotational speed n and a state value Z as inputs, the state value Z representing the operating region, namely a small flow operating region or a high flow operating region, wherein in the small flow operating region the start-stop Operation comes into use.
- the control or control is adapted to the state of the physical system 14 by setting in the parameter module 28 the pressure control parameter in the form of the difference P 1 - P 2 of the pressure limits P 1 and P 2 is adjusted.
- the difference of the pressure limits P 1 and P 2 is an example of a pressure-control parameter to be adjusted.
- pressure control parameters can be adjusted in a corresponding manner, for example, parameters which are incorporated into the pressure control.
- the actual pressure limits P 1 and P 2 are set by the state control module 24 based on the desired pressure P U , so that the desired pressure P U is preferably located in the middle of the hysteresis range P 1 -P 2 .
- the control device 12 and in particular its state control module 24 have, in particular, an operating state recognition function in order to determine the region of small flow in which a start-stop operation is to take place. How this works is determined by Fig. 4 explained.
- Fig. 1 the lower curve shows the speed n of the booster pump 2 over the time t.
- the upper curve shows the pressure curve of the pressure P over the time t, wherein the solid line represents the actual measured pressure P at the pressure sensor 8 and the dashed line represents the desired pressure P S.
- the middle diagram in Fig. 4 shows the flow rate Q over time t. In this case, the three diagrams shown represent a temporally parallel sequence.
- the flow rate Q drops, so that the operating state changes from a state of high flow to the state of small flow or substantially without flow.
- the actual pressure P first increases and, because of the pressure regulation carried out in the pressure regulator 20, drops back to the set pressure P S.
- the detection is made whether a state of lower flow is given.
- the target pressure P S and thus the rotational speed n is reduced and it is checked whether the actual pressure curve P follows the course of the target pressure P S. This is in Fig. 4 clearly not the case.
- the system then switches to start-stop mode.
- the booster pump 2 is turned on in this example.
- the speed n and thus the pressure P increase.
- the booster pump 2 is turned off.
- the speed initially drops.
- the pressure P then drops more slowly, as based on Fig. 2 was explained.
- a 1 and b 1 represent two parameters.
- ⁇ represents a step size parameter and e the prediction error.
- the operation of the prediction error model for the adaptation of the predicted pressure Pp is based on Fig. 5 explained.
- Fig. 5 In the upper diagram, the pressure plotted against the time t, the solid line showing the measured pressure P and the broken line the predicted pressure Pp.
- the second graph shows the prediction error e versus the time t and the two lower curves represent the parameters a 1 and b 1 over the time t. It can be seen that initially the predicted pressure Pp deviates greatly from the actual pressure P.
- a prediction error e based on which the parameters a 1 and b 1 are adjusted so as to coincide the predicted pressure Pp and the actual pressure P, that is, the prediction error e becomes substantially equal to zero.
- this prediction error method is also used to adapt at least one pressure control parameter in the parameter module 28.
- the pressure control parameter is the difference P 1 -P 2 of the pressure limits P 1 and P 2 .
- the adaptation of these pressure limit values takes place in this embodiment on the basis of the parameter b 1 .
- a table is stored, which for certain parameters b 1 pressure differences between the pressure limits P 1 and P 2 , ie pressure hysteresis spans defined.
- pressure limits P 1 and P 2 could also be stored directly in the table, but it would additionally be necessary to supply the parameter module 28 with the desired pressure P U and to take this into account in the table.
- a table from which the pressure difference P 1 - P 2 result can, for example, as in Fig. 6 look like this.
- a pressure difference or a hysteresis margin of 0.1 bar is provided between the pressure limit values P 1 and P 2 , while in the case that the parameter b 1 is greater than or equal to 0.32 is, a pressure difference or hysteresis range of 0.5 bar is provided.
- the table is configured in more detail in even more printing steps to allow a finer adjustment.
- the described adaptation of the parameters a 1 and b 1 preferably takes place at operating points or in operating ranges of the pressure booster pump 2, in which a stable operating state, that is to say in particular a flow which is as constant as possible, is provided.
- a stable operating state that is to say in particular a flow which is as constant as possible.
- the control device 12 is preferably designed such that it recognizes these operating states. In particular, it recognizes a change in the flow rate due to the fact that in the operating ranges mentioned Pressure suddenly changes or the actually measured pressure P deviates from the target pressure P S.
- the control device 12 may be configured such that, for example, whenever in the start-stop operation, the pressure booster pump 2 is turned on, a parameter adjustment of the parameters a 1 and b 1 is performed, provided that no changes in the pressure curve due to a change in the position of Valve is detected.
- the table according to which the differential P 1 - P 2, the pressure limit values P 1 and P 2 is adjusted is predetermined so that the pressure difference or pressure hysteresis value P 1 as a function of the parameter b 1 - P 2 is determined so that the pressure difference is minimized without the number of turn-on operations of the booster pump 2 exceeds a certain limit.
- the predetermined table Since the parameter b 1 is dependent on the course of the measured pressure P, in this way also the difference P 1 -P 2 of the pressure limit values P 1 and P 2 , which represents the pressure control parameter, based on the course of the measured pressure P adjusted.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung zur Erhöhung des Drucks einer durch eine Leitung (5) strömenden Flüssigkeit mit zumindest einer Druckerhöhungspumpe (2), einer Steuereinrichtung (12), welche die Druckerhöhungspumpe (2) steuert, sowie zumindest einem ausgangseitig der Druckerhöhungspumpe (2) angeordneten und mit der Steuereinrichtung verbundenen Drucksensor (8), wobei die Steuereinrichtung (12) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie zumindest in einem Betriebsbereich die Druckerhöhungspumpe derart in einem Start-Stopp-Betrieb steuert, dass sie die Druckerhöhungspumpe (2) bei Erreichen eines oberen Druckgrenzwertes (P 1 ) ausschaltet und bei Erreichen eines unteren Druckgrenzwertes (P 2 ) einschaltet, wobei die Steuereinrichtung (12) derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie in dem Start-Stopp-Betrieb zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameter (P 1 , P 2 )der Steuereinrichtung (12) automatisch auf Grundlage des zeitlichen Verlaufes zumindest eines von dem Drucksensor erfassten Druckwertes (P) derart anpasst.The invention relates to a pressure-increasing device for increasing the pressure of a liquid flowing through a line (5) with at least one booster pump (2), a control device (12) which controls the booster pump (2) and at least one output side of the booster pump (2) and with the control device connected pressure sensor (8), wherein the control device (12) is designed such that it controls the booster pump in a start-stop operation at least in one operating range, that they the booster pump (2) upon reaching an upper pressure limit (P 1) turns off and on reaching a lower pressure limit (P 2) turns on, wherein the control device (12) is designed such that in the start-stop operation, at least one pressure control parameter (P 1, P 2) the control device (12) automatically based on the time course of at least one of the pressure sensor detected n pressure value (P) so adapts.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung zur Druckerhöhung einer durch eine Leitung strömenden Flüssigkeit.The invention relates to a pressure-increasing device for increasing the pressure of a liquid flowing through a conduit.
Derartige Druckerhöhungseinrichtungen finden beispielsweise in der Trinkwasserversorgung von Gebäuden Verwendung, wenn der in einer Trinkwasserversorgung anstehende leitungsseitige Druck beispielsweise nicht ausreichend hoch ist, das Trinkwasser bis in die obersten Stockwerke eines Gebäudes zu fördern. Derartige Druckerhöhungseinrichtungen weisen eine oder mehrere Druckerhöhungspumpen auf, welche parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet werden können und welche eingeschaltet werden, wenn der Druck ausgangsseitig der Druckerhöhungspumpen einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert unterschreitet. Entsprechend werden die Druckerhöhungspumpen bei Erreichen eines gewünschten Zieldruckes wieder ausgeschaltet. Neben einem solchen Start-Stopp-Betrieb ist es insbesondere bei größeren Durchflüssen möglich, die Druckerhöhungspumpen konstant zu betreiben und in ihrer Drehzahl zu regeln, um den Druck in gewünschter Weise anzupassen.Such pressure booster devices are used, for example, in the drinking water supply of buildings, when the pipeline pressure in a drinking water supply, for example, is not sufficiently high to convey the drinking water to the uppermost floors of a building. Such pressure increasing means comprise one or more booster pumps which can be connected in parallel or in series and which are turned on when the pressure on the output side of the pressure booster pumps falls below a predetermined limit. Accordingly, the booster pumps are turned off when a desired target pressure is reached. In addition to such a start-stop operation, it is possible, in particular for larger flow rates, to operate the pressure-increasing pumps constantly and to regulate their speed in order to adjust the pressure in the desired manner.
Wenn eine solche Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung im genannten Start-Stopp-Betrieb betrieben wird, besteht das Problem, dass die Zeitspanne zwischen Aus- und Einschalten der Druckerhöhungspumpen u.a. davon abhängig ist, wie groß das Volumen in dem sich anschließenden Leitungssystem ist und insbesondere in einem gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Puffertank ist. Ein großes Volumen führt zu großen Druckschwankungen über einen vergleichsweise langen Zeitraum. Bei gleicher Einschaltdauer der Druckerhöhungspumpen ließe sich in einem solchen System ein besserer Komfort mit geringeren Druckschwankungen erreichen. In bisherigen Systemen kann dies nur durch manuelle Anpassung erreicht werden.If such a pressure-increasing device is operated in said start-stop mode, there is the problem that the time interval between switching off and on of the booster pumps depends inter alia on how large the volume in the subsequent line system is and in particular in an optionally existing buffer tank is. A large volume leads to large pressure fluctuations over a comparatively long period of time. At the same duty cycle of the booster pumps could be in a achieve better comfort with lower pressure fluctuations. In previous systems, this can only be achieved by manual adjustment.
Im Hinblick auf diese Problematik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung zur Erhöhung des Druckes einer durch eine Leitung strömenden Flüssigkeit dahingehend zu verbessern, dass eine automatische Anpassung an das jeweilige hydraulische System zur Minimierung der auftretenden Druckschwankungen erfolgt. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.In view of this problem, it is an object of the invention to improve a pressure-increasing device to increase the pressure of a liquid flowing through a conduit to the effect that an automatic adaptation to the respective hydraulic system to minimize the pressure fluctuations occurring occurs. This object is achieved by a pressure-increasing device having the features specified in
Die erfindungsgemäße Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung dient zur Erhöhung des Druckes einer durch eine Leitung strömenden Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise von Trinkwasser in einer Trinkwasserleitung. Die Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung weist zumindest eine Druckerhöhungspumpe auf. Es können jedoch auch mehrere Druckerhöhungspumpen parallel und/oder in Reihe geschaltet sein. Wenn nachfolgend der Begriff Druckerhöhungspumpe verwendet wird, so schließt dies ausdrücklich auch derartige Anordnungen von mehreren Druckerhöhungspumpen mit ein. Die Druckerhöhungseinrichtung weist darüber hinaus eine Steuereinrichtung auf, welche die Druckerhöhungspumpe steuert. Dazu ist zumindest ein ausgangsseitig der Druckerhöhungspumpe an oder in der Leitung angeordneter Drucksensor vorhanden, welcher mit der Steuereinrichtung derart verbunden ist, dass von dem Drucksensor erfasste Druck-Messwerte an die Steuereinrichtung übertragen werden.The pressure increasing device according to the invention serves to increase the pressure of a liquid flowing through a conduit, for example drinking water in a drinking water conduit. The pressure-increasing device has at least one booster pump. However, it is also possible to connect several pressure-increasing pumps in parallel and / or in series. If the term pressure booster pump is used below, this expressly also includes such arrangements of several pressure booster pumps. The pressure increasing means further comprises a control means which controls the booster pump. For this purpose, there is at least one pressure sensor arranged on or on the output side of the booster pump, which is connected to the control device in such a way that pressure measured values detected by the pressure sensor are transmitted to the control device.
Die Steuereinrichtung ist so ausgebildet, dass sie zumindest in einem Betriebsbereich die Druckerhöhungspumpe in einem Start-Stopp-Betrieb steuert. Das heißt die Pumpe wird bei Erreichen eines oberen Druckgrenzwertes ausgeschaltet und bei Erreichen eines unteren Druckgrenzwertes eingeschaltet. So wird der Druck in der Leitung ausgangsseitig der Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Druckgrenzwert gehalten.The control device is designed such that it controls the pressure-increasing pump in a start-stop mode at least in one operating region. That means the pump will be reached when reaching an upper one Pressure limit switched off and turned on when reaching a lower pressure limit. Thus, the pressure in the line on the output side of the pressure-increasing device is maintained between the upper and lower pressure limits.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgestaltet, dass sie in diesem Start-Stopp-Betrieb zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameter der Steuereinrichtung automatisch anpasst. Ein solcher Druck-Steuer-Parameter ist ein Parameter, welcher der Steuerung der Druckerhöhungspumpe durch die Steuereinrichtung zugrundegelegt wird, insbesondere ein Parameter, welcher Einfluss auf die Ein- und Ausschaltzeitpunkte im Start-Stopp-Betrieb hat. Die automatische Anpassung dieses zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameters erfolgt erfindungsgemäß auf Grundlage des zeitlichen Vorlaufs zumindest eines von dem Drucksensor erfassten Druckwertes. So wird ein selbstlernendes System geschaffen, welches sich an die aktuellen Bedingungen in dem hydraulischen System ausgangsseitig der Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung selbsttätig anpasst. Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass die Anpassung in der Weise geschieht, dass die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Druckgrenzwert minimiert wird, ohne die Zahl der Einschaltvorgänge über einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert zu erhöhen. So wird sichergestellt, dass die Laufzeit der Druckerhöhungspumpe in dem Start-Stopp-Betrieb im Wesentlichen nicht verlängert wird, gleichzeitig aber der Komfort verbessert wird, indem Druckschwankungen im System minimiert werden. So kann der Komfort bei gleichzeitiger Energieeffizienz gesteigert werden.According to the invention, the control device is designed such that it automatically adapts at least one pressure control parameter of the control device in this start-stop operation. Such a pressure control parameter is a parameter on which the control of the booster pump is based by the control device, in particular a parameter which has an influence on the switch-on and switch-off times in the start-stop mode. The automatic adaptation of this at least one pressure-control parameter is carried out according to the invention on the basis of the time advance of at least one pressure value detected by the pressure sensor. Thus, a self-learning system is created which automatically adapts to the current conditions in the hydraulic system on the output side of the pressure-increasing device. Preferably, the control means is arranged such that the adjustment takes place in such a way that the pressure difference between the upper and the lower pressure limit value is minimized without increasing the number of switch-on operations over a predetermined limit value. This ensures that the running time of the booster pump in the start-stop operation is substantially not prolonged, but at the same time the comfort is improved by minimizing pressure fluctuations in the system. Thus, the comfort can be increased while energy efficiency.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung bzw. deren Steuereinrichtung derart ausgestaltet, dass der zumindest eine Druck-Steuer-Parameter, welcher automatisch angepasst wird, der obere und/oder der untere Druckgrenzwert ist. Insbesondere kann der Druck-Steuer-Parameter die Differenz zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Druckgrenzwert, d.h. eine Hystrese-Spanne sein. Die Anpassung der Druckgrenzwerte bzw. deren Differenz ermöglicht eine automatische Anpassung der Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung an das sich anschließende hydraulische System bzw. die in dem System herrschenden Zustände, indem die Druckgrenzwerte so angepasst werden, dass die Druckdifferenz im Betrieb minimiert wird, ohne die Zahl der Einschaltvorgänge bzw. die gesamte Einschaltdauer der Druckerhöhungspumpe wesentlich zu erhöhen. So wird ein Komfortgewinn erzielt. Insbesondere ist eine Anpassung des Systems an ein Tankvolumen eines Puffertankes im System möglich. Bei großem Volumen ist es möglich die Druckdifferenz zu verkleinern, so dass insgesamt geringere Druckschwankungen im System auftreten.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure-increasing device or its control device is designed such that the at least one pressure-control parameter, which is automatically adjusted, is the upper and / or lower pressure limit. In particular, the pressure control parameter may be the difference between the upper and the lower pressure limit, ie a Hystrese span. The adaptation of the pressure limits or their difference enables an automatic adjustment of the pressure increasing device to the subsequent hydraulic system or the conditions prevailing in the system by the pressure limits are adjusted so that the pressure difference is minimized during operation, without the number of power-on or to substantially increase the total on-duration of the booster pump. So a comfort gain is achieved. In particular, an adaptation of the system to a tank volume of a buffer tank in the system is possible. With large volumes, it is possible to reduce the pressure difference, so that overall lower pressure fluctuations occur in the system.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass die Anpassung des zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameters, beispielsweise des oberen und/oder unteren Druckgrenzwertes, auf Grundlage des zeitlichen Vorlaufes des zumindest einen erfassten Druckwertes in derartigen Auswertezeiträumen erfolgt, in welchen ein konstanter Durchfluss in der Leitung gegeben ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass Druckschwankungen, welche beispielsweise durch das Öffnen und Schließen von Zapfstellen bzw. Verbrauchern im hydraulischen System herrühren, im Wesentlichen keinen Einfluss auf die Messung und die Anpassung des Druck-Steuer-Parameters haben. So wird sichergestellt, dass tatsächlich im Wesentlichen nur Einflüsse, welche aus dem System selber herrühren, berücksichtigt werden. Wenn beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Zapfstellen einer Trinkwasserleitung geöffnet werden, kommt es im System zu einem plötzlichen Druckabfall mit einer plötzlichen Erhöhung des Durchflusses. Diese Zustandsänderungen rühren nicht aus der Gestaltung des Systems sondern aus dem Nutzerverhalten her und sollen bei der Anpassung nach Möglichkeit unberücksichtigt bleiben. Das heißt die Auswertung soll vorzugsweise in einem stabilen Betriebszustand stattfinden.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device is designed such that the adjustment of the at least one pressure control parameter, for example, the upper and / or lower pressure limit, based on the temporal flow of the at least one detected pressure value in such evaluation periods, in which is given a constant flow in the line. This has the advantage that pressure fluctuations, which result for example from the opening and closing of taps or consumers in the hydraulic system, have essentially no influence on the measurement and the adaptation of the pressure control parameter. This ensures that, in essence, only influences that originate from the system itself are taken into account. For example, when one or more taps of a potable water line are opened, the system will experience a sudden pressure drop with a sudden increase in flow. These state changes do not stem from the design of the system but from the user behavior and should be disregarded as far as possible in the adaptation. That is, the evaluation should preferably take place in a stable operating state.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass sie die Auwertzeiträume in solche Zeiträume legt, in welchen bei dem Start-Stopp-Betrieb die Druckerhöhungspumpe eingeschaltet ist. Das heißt der zeitliche Druckverlauf, auf dessen Grundlage die Anpassung des Druck-Steuer-Parameters erfolgt, wird bevorzugt während der Druckerhöhung durch die Druckerhöhungspumpe erfasst.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device is designed such that it sets the Auwertzeiträume in such periods in which in the start-stop operation, the pressure booster pump is turned on. That is, the temporal pressure curve, on the basis of which the adaptation of the pressure control parameter takes place, is preferably detected during the pressure increase by the pressure booster pump.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Steuereinrichtung so ausgebildet, dass die genannten Auswertezeiträume in Zeiträume gelegt werden, in welchen eine Drehzahl der Druckerhöhungspumpe von der Steuereinrichtung erhöht oder verringert wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Abhängigkeit der Veränderung des gemessenen Druckes im System von der Drehzahländerung betrachtet werden kann. Es kann beurteilt werden, ob der Druck der Drehzahländerung in erwarteter Weise folgt, das heißt die Änderung des tatsächlich erfassten Druckes einer vorbestimmten bzw. beabsichtigten Druckänderung folgt.According to a further preferred embodiment, the control device is designed so that the said evaluation periods are placed in periods in which a speed of the pressure booster pump is increased or decreased by the control device. This has the advantage that the dependence of the change in the measured pressure in the system on the speed change can be considered. It can be judged whether the pressure follows the speed change as expected, that is, the change of the actually detected pressure follows a predetermined pressure change.
So ist die Steuereinrichtung vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet, dass sie in den Auswertezeiträumen den Druckverlauf, das heißt den Verlauf des von dem zumindest einen Drucksensor im System gemessenen Druckes überwacht und eine Anpassung des zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameters nur vornimmt, solange der Druckverlauf in vordefinierten Grenzen einem Soll-Druckverlauf folgt. Ist dies der Fall, so lässt sich daraus schließen, dass keine Veränderungen des stabilen Betriebszustandes vorliegen, welche beispielsweise daher rühren, dass Zapfstellen geöffnet oder geschlossen werden. Diese Einflüsse sollen erfindungsgemäß nach Möglichkeit ausgeschlossen werden.Thus, the control device is preferably designed such that it monitors the pressure profile, that is the course of the pressure measured by the at least one pressure sensor in the system and makes an adjustment of at least one pressure control parameter only as long as the pressure profile in predefined Limits follows a desired pressure curve. If this is the case, it can be concluded from this that there are no changes in the stable operating state, which are due, for example, to the fact that tapping points are opened or closed. These influences should be excluded according to the invention as far as possible.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Steuereinrichtung so ausgebildet, dass sie zur Anpassung des zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameters eine Vorhersagefehler-Methode (prediction error system identification method) verwendet. Wie oben beschrieben, wird dabei die Abweichung von einem vorhergesagten Druckwert betrachtet und es wird eine Anpassung in der Weise durchgeführt, dass diese Abweichung bzw. dieser Fehler minimiert wird.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device is designed such that it is suitable for adapting the at least a prediction error method (prediction error system identification method) is used for a pressure control parameter. As described above, the deviation from a predicted pressure value is considered, and an adjustment is made in such a manner that this deviation or error is minimized.
Die Steuereinrichtung weist vorzugsweise ein Vorhersagesystem zur Vorhersage eines Druckwertes auf Grundlage eines Vorhersagemodells auf. Dabei ist das Vorhersagesystem so ausgebildet ist, dass die Vorhersage in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl der Druckerhöhungspumpe erfolgt. Das heißt das Vorhersagesystem sagt einen erwarteten Druckwert im System in Abhängigkeit von einer aktuellen Drehzahl der Druckerhöhungspumpe voraus. Bei einer erfassten Abweichung des tastsächlichen erfassten Druckwertes von dem vorhergesagten Druckwert passt das Vorhersagesystem zumindest einen System-Parameter in den Vorhersagemodell auf Grundlage eines vorgegebenen Algorithmus an. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass das Vorhersagemodell an das tatsächliche System angepasst wird, und der Vorhersagefehler minimiert wird bzw. kleiner wird.The controller preferably includes a prediction system for predicting a pressure value based on a predictive model. In this case, the prediction system is designed so that the prediction takes place as a function of the speed of the booster pump. That is, the predictive system predicts an expected pressure value in the system in response to a current speed of the booster pump. Upon a detected deviation of the actual detected pressure value from the predicted pressure value, the prediction system adjusts at least one system parameter in the predictive model based on a predetermined algorithm. This achieves that the predictive model is adapted to the actual system and the prediction error is minimized or becomes smaller.
Dieses System kann neben der Anpassung der Steuerung an die tatsächlichen Bedingungen im hydraulischen System auch dazu genutzt werden, Veränderungen im hydraulischen System, beispielsweise Leckagen zu erkennen. Wenn größere Veränderungen des zumindest einen System-Parameters in dem Vorhersagemodell nach einem vorher konstanten Betrieb erforderlich sind, lässt dies auf eine Veränderung im System, beispielsweise eine Leckage schließen. Die Steuereinrichtung kann so ausgebildet sein, dass, wenn sie eine solche Abweichung erkennt, beispielsweise einen Fehler anzeigt.In addition to adapting the controller to the actual conditions in the hydraulic system, this system can also be used to detect changes in the hydraulic system, such as leaks. If larger changes of the at least one system parameter in the prediction model are required after a previously constant operation, this indicates a change in the system, for example leakage. The control device can be designed so that, if it detects such a deviation, for example, indicates an error.
Das Vorhersagesystem ist vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass es ein Vorhersagemodell verwendet, welches ein autoregressives Modell (ARX-model), insbesondere ein autoregressives Model (ARX-model) erster Ordnung ist. Auf Grundlage eines solchen Modells lässt sich auf einfache Weise eine Vorhersage der Druckwerte erreichen. Ferner kann in einem solchen Modell zumindest ein verwendeter System-Parameter in der oben beschriebenen Weise angepasst werden, um den Vorhersagefehler zu minimieren.The prediction system is preferably adapted to use a predictive model which is an autoregressive model (ARX-model), in particular a first-order autoregressive model (ARX-model). Based on such a model, a prediction of the pressure values can be achieved in a simple manner. Further, in such a model, at least one system parameter used may be adjusted in the manner described above to minimize the prediction error.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass der zumindest eine Druck-Steuer-Parameter in Abhängigkeit des zumindest einen System-Parameters in dem Vorhersagemodel, insbesondere auf Grundlage eines vorgegebenen Algorithmus oder einer Tabelle, insbesondere eine vorgegebenen und in der Steuereinrichtung hinterlegten Tabelle, festgesetzt wird. So können insbesondere die oben beschriebenen Druckgrenzwerte als Druck-Steuer-Parameter in Abhängigkeit des System-Parameters in dem Vorhersagemodell, welcher in der oben beschriebenen Weise angepasst wird, ebenfalls angepasst werden. So wird der Druck-Steuer-Parameter, welcher im Start-Stopp-Betrieb vorzugsweise Einfluss auf die Ein- und/oder Ausschaltzeitpunkte der Druckerhöhungspumpe hat, in Abhängigkeit des zumindest einen angepassten System-Parameters angepasst, so dass neben der Minimierung des Vorhersagefehlers in der vorangehend beschriebenen Weise die Druckdifferenz zwischen Ein- und Ausschalten der Druckerhöhungspumpe minimiert werden kann und so ein Komfortgewinn erreicht werden kann.According to a further preferred embodiment, the control device is designed such that the at least one pressure control parameter depending on the at least one system parameter in the prediction model, in particular based on a predetermined algorithm or a table, in particular a predetermined and stored in the control device Table is fixed. Thus, in particular, the above-described pressure limit values can also be adapted as pressure-control parameters as a function of the system parameter in the predictive model, which is adapted in the manner described above. Thus, the pressure control parameter, which preferably has an influence on the on and / or off times of the booster pump in start-stop operation, is adjusted as a function of the at least one adapted system parameter, so that in addition to minimizing the prediction error in the previously described manner, the pressure difference between switching on and off of the booster pump can be minimized and so a comfort gain can be achieved.
Die Steuereinrichtung weist vorzugsweise einen Druckregler auf, welcher die Druckerhöhungspumpe auf einen Drucksollwert regelt. Dem Druckregler wird der Drucksollwert als Eingangsgröße zugeführt. Dabei wird der Drucksollwert vorzugsweise von der Steuereinrichtung auf Grundlage eines von einem Nutzer vorgegebenen gewünschten Druckwertes eingestellt.The control device preferably has a pressure regulator, which regulates the pressure booster pump to a pressure setpoint. The pressure regulator is supplied with the pressure setpoint as an input variable. In this case, the pressure setpoint is preferably from the control device set based on a user-specified desired pressure value.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der zumindest eine Druck-Steuer-Parameter ein Steuer- bzw. Regelparameter in dem Druckregler sein. Ein solcher Druck-Steuer-Parameter kann allein oder zusätzlich zu anderen Druck-Steuer-Parametern in der oben beschriebenen Weise auf Grundlage des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Druckwertes angepasst werden.According to a further preferred embodiment, the at least one pressure control parameter may be a control parameter in the pressure regulator. Such a pressure control parameter may be adjusted alone or in addition to other pressure control parameters in the manner described above based on the time history of the pressure value.
Weiter bevorzugt ist die Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung so ausgebildet, dass ausgangsseitig der Druckerhöhungspumpe ein Rückschlagventil angeordnet ist. Ein solches Rückschlagventil ist vorteilhaft, um bei ausgeschalteter Druckerhöhungspumpe sicherzustellen, dass keine Rückströmung der Flüssigkeit auftritt und der Druck ausgangsseitig der Druckerhöhungspumpe, das heißt ausgangsseitig des Rückschlagventils gehalten wird. Ferner schließt dieses Rückschlagventil bei geringen Durchflüssen. In einem solchen Zustand hat eine Drehzahländerung der Druckerhöhungspumpe keinerlei Einfluss mehr auf den tatsächlichen Druck, welcher von dem Drucksensor stromabwärts des Rückschlagventiles gemessen wird. Der Drucksensor ist vorzugsweise stromabwärts des Rückschlagventiles angeordnet. Wenn die Drehzahländerung keinen Einfluss mehr auf den tatsächlichen Druck hat, folgt der tatsächliche Druck bei einer Verringerung des Drucksollwertes, welchen die Pumpe durch die Drehzahländerung einzustellen versucht, nicht mehr dem vorhergesagten Druckwert. Hieran kann ein geringer Durchfluss erkannt werden und es kann die Steuereinrichtung die Steuerung in den beschriebenen Start-Stopp-Betrieb schalten. In diesem Zustand erfolgt dann die beschriebene Anpassung des zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameters.More preferably, the pressure-increasing device is designed so that the output side of the booster pump, a check valve is arranged. Such a check valve is advantageous to ensure when switched off booster pump that no backflow of the liquid occurs and the pressure on the output side of the booster pump, that is, the output side of the check valve is held. Furthermore, this check valve closes at low flow rates. In such a state, a speed change of the booster pump has no influence on the actual pressure measured by the pressure sensor downstream of the check valve. The pressure sensor is preferably arranged downstream of the check valve. If the speed change no longer has an influence on the actual pressure, the actual pressure will no longer follow the predicted pressure value if the pressure setpoint that the pump attempts to adjust by the speed change decreases. From this, a low flow can be detected and the controller can switch the controller to the described start-stop mode. In this state, the described adaptation of the at least one pressure control parameter then takes place.
So ist vorzugsweise die Steuereinrichtung so ausgebildet, dass sie die Druckerhöhungspumpe in einem Betriebsbereich, in welchem ein geringer Durchfluss herrscht, in dem beschriebenen Start-Stopp-Betrieb steuert und in zumindest einem anderen Betriebsbereich, vorzugsweise einem Betriebsbereich mit größerem Durchfluss, die Druckerhöhungspumpe zum Erreichen einer gewünschten Druckerhöhung in ihrer Drehzahl regelt. Die Grenze für den Start-Stopp-Betrieb kann in bekannter Weise, beispielsweise in der aus
Bei hohem Durchfluss ist die Druckerhöhungspumpe vorzugsweise im Dauerbetrieb und der Druck wird durch Drehzahlregelung bzw. Drehzahlanpassung in gewünschter Weise eingestellt. Die Druckerhöhungspumpe ist vorzugsweise eine elektronisch geregelte Pumpe, insbesondere eine über einen Frequenzumrichter geregelte Pumpe, so dass die Drehzahl beliebig verändert werden kann.At high flow, the booster pump is preferably in continuous operation and the pressure is adjusted by speed control or speed adjustment in the desired manner. The booster pump is preferably an electronically controlled pump, in particular a regulated via a frequency converter pump, so that the speed can be changed arbitrarily.
Wir vorangehend beschrieben, ist die Steuereinrichtung vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass sie den Bereich geringen Durchflusses erkennt. Dazu kann die Steuereinrichtung bevorzugt ein Durchflusserkennungsmodell aufweisen, welches ausgebildet ist, auf Grundlage zumindest eines von dem Drucksensor erfassten Druckwertes und auf Grundlage von Drehzahländerungen der Druckerhöhungspumpe den Betriebsbereich geringen Durchflusses zu erkennen. Der Drucksensor ist dabei vorzugsweise hinter einem Rückschlagventil angeordnet, wie es oben beschrieben ist. Das Durchflusserkennungsmodell kann den Bereich geringen Durchflusses daran erkennen, dass bei geschlossenem Rückschlagventil, was bei geringem Durchfluss auftritt, der gemessene Druckwert einer Veränderung des Solldruckes nicht mehr folgt. Das heißt die Grenze für den Bereich geringer Drehzahl, in welcher in den Start-Stopp-Betrieb geschaltet wird, hängt von der Funktion des Rückschlagventils und vorzugsweise von dessen Vorspannung ab.As described above, the controller is preferably configured to detect the low flow area. For this purpose, the control device can preferably have a flow detection model, which is designed to detect the operating range of low flow rate based on at least one pressure value detected by the pressure sensor and based on speed changes of the booster pump. The pressure sensor is preferably arranged behind a check valve, as described above. The flow detection model can detect the low flow range by the fact that with the check valve closed, which occurs at low flow, the measured pressure value no longer follows a change in the target pressure. The That is, the limit for the low-speed region in which to switch to the start-stop operation depends on the function of the check valve, and preferably on its bias.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand der beigefügten Figuren beschrieben. In diesen zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch eine Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2a und Fig. 2b
- schematisch den Druckverlauf im Start-Stopp-Betrieb einer Druckerhöhungseinrichtung bei geringem Durchfluss,
- Fig. 3
- schematisch die Regelung einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung,
- Fig. 4
- schematisch den Start-Stopp-Betrieb bei geringen Durchflüssen,
- Fig. 5
- schematisch die Parameteranpassung in einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung,
- Fig. 6
- eine Tabelle zur Ermittlung der Druckdifferenz zwischen den Druckgrenzwerten, und
- Fig. 7
- den Druckverlauf über der Zeit für vier verschiedene Betriebszustände.
- Fig. 1
- schematically a pressure-increasing device according to the invention,
- Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b
- schematically the pressure curve in the start-stop operation of a pressure booster with low flow,
- Fig. 3
- schematically the control of a pressure-increasing device according to the invention,
- Fig. 4
- schematically the start-stop operation at low flow rates,
- Fig. 5
- schematically the parameter adjustment in a pressure-increasing device according to the invention,
- Fig. 6
- a table for determining the pressure difference between the pressure limits, and
- Fig. 7
- the pressure over time for four different operating conditions.
Ferner ist eine Steuereinrichtung 12 vorhanden, welche die Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 steuert bzw. regelt. Die Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 wird dazu von der Steuereinrichtung 12 zum einen ein- und ausgeschaltet zum anderen aber auch in ihrer Drehzahl geregelt. Dazu kann die Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 über einen Drehzahlsteller, insbesondere einen Frequenzumrichter angesteuert werden. Die Steuereinrichtung 12 ist mit dem Drucksensor 8 signalverbunden, so dass sie die von dem Drucksensor 8 erfassten Druckwerte empfängt.Further, a
Es ist zu verstehen, dass statt einer einzelnen Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 auch mehrere parallel und/oder in Reihe geschaltete Druckerhöhungspumpen Verwendung finden könnten, welche von der Steuereinrichtung 12 gesteuert bzw. geregelt werden. Wenn hier eine Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 beschrieben wird, so ist zu verstehen, dass dies ausdrücklich auch eine Anordnung mehrerer Druckerhöhungspumpen 2 mit umfasst.It is to be understood that instead of a
Im Betrieb der gezeigten Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung gibt es bevorzugt zwei Betriebszustände, nämlich einen Betriebszustand geringen Durchflusses und einen Betriebszustand hohen Durchflusses. Im Betriebszustand hohen Durchflusses läuft die Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 bevorzugt im Dauerbetrieb und wird über die Steuereinrichtung 12 in Abhängigkeit des an dem Drucksensor 8 erfassten Druckwertes in ihrer Drehzahl geregelt, um einen Solldruckwert zu erreichen bzw. einzuhalten.During operation of the pressure-increasing device shown, there are preferably two operating states, namely a low-flow operating state and a high-flow operating state. In the operating state of high flow rate, the
In dem Betriebszustand geringen Durchflusses schließt das Rückschlagventil 4 und die Drehzahlregelung der Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 hat keinerlei Einfluss mehr auf eine Verringerung des Druckes in der Leitung 5. Insofern kann eine Druckregelung, wie sie vorangehend beschrieben wurde, nicht mehr durchgeführt werden. In diesem Betriebszustand schaltet die Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung in einen Start-Stopp-Betrieb, bei welchem die Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 eingeschaltet wird, wenn der Druck P in der Leitung 5 unter einen unteren Druckgrenzwert fällt, und die Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 ausgeschaltet wird, wenn der Druck P in der Leitung 5 einen oberen Druckgrenzwert erreicht. Dieses Ein- und Ausschalten der Druckerhöhungspumpe 2 wird von der Steuereinrichtung 12 bewerkstelligt.In the low-flow operating state, the check valve 4 closes and the speed control of the
In diesem Start-Stopp-Betrieb ist die Größe des Puffertankes 6 von erheblicher Bedeutung, da von dieser die auftretenden Druckschwankungen abhängen, wie anhand von
Die Anpassung und Regelung wird nun anhand von
Der Solldruck PS wird von einem Zustandssteuer- bzw. Zustandsregelmodul 24 berechnet bzw. ausgegeben. Dem Zustandsregelmodul 24 wird als Eingangsgröße ein vom Nutzer gewünschter Druck Pu zugeführt. Die Differenz zwischen dem oberen Druckgrenzwert P1 und dem unteren Druckgrenzwert P2 , d.h. eine Hystresespanne P1 - P2, wird in einem Parametermodul 28 bestimmt. Dies erfolgt auf Grundlage der in einem Vorhersagemodul 26 bestimmten Parameter a1 und b1.In dem Vorhersagemodul 26 kommt ein Vorhersagemodell zur Anwendung, welches im vorliegenden Beispiel ein autoregressives Modell erster Ordnung (ARX-model) ist. Dessen Parameter a1 und b1 werden in einem Vorhersagemodul 26 ermittelt. Dem Vorhersagemodul 26 werden als Eingangsgrößen der tatsächliche Druck P, die Drehzahl n sowie ein Zustandswert Z zugeführt, wobei der Zustandswert Z den Betriebsbereich, nämlich einen Betriebsbereich kleinen Durchflusses oder einen Betriebsbereich hohen Durchflusses repräsentiert, wobei in dem Betriebsbereich kleinen Durchflusses der Start-Stopp-Betrieb zur Anwendung kommt. Auf Grundlage zumindest eines der Parameter a1 und b1, welche im Rahmen einer Vorhersagefehler-Methode (prediction error system identification method) angepasst werden, erfolgt eine Anpassung der Regelung bzw. Steuerung an den Zustand des physikalischen Systems 14, indem in dem Parametermodul 28 der Druck-Steuer-Parameter in Form der Differenz P1 - P2 der Druckgrenzwerte P1 und P2 angepasst wird. Die Differenz der Druckgrenzwerte P1 und P2 ist ein Beispiel für einen anzupassenden Druck-Steuer-Parameter. Es können auch andere Druck-Steuer-Parameter in entsprechender Weise angepasst werden, beispielsweise Parameter, welche in die Druckregelung einfließen. Die tatsächlichen Druckgrenzwerte P1 und P2 werden von dem Zustandsregelmodul 24 basierend auf dem gewünschten Druck PU festgesetzt, so dass der gewünschte Druck PU vorzugsweise in der Mitte der Hysteresespanne P1 - P2 gelegen ist.The target pressure P S is calculated or output by a
Die Steuereinrichtung 12 und insbesondere deren Zustandsregelmodul 24 weisen insbesondere eine Betriebszustand-Erkennungsfunktion auf, um den Bereich kleinen Durchflusses, in welchem ein Start-Stopp-Betrieb stattfinden soll, zu ermitteln. Wie dies funktioniert, wird anhand von
In dem Vorhersagemodell, welches in dem Vorhersagemodull 24 zur Anwendung kommt, wird beispielsweise ein ARX-model erster Ordnung in der nachfolgenden Form verwendet:
In dieser Gleichung ist P der Druck, k die Proben- bzw. Zyklusnummer, n die Drehzahl und a1 und b1 stellen zwei Parameter dar. Die Parameter a1 und b1 können über einen Algorithmus, beispielsweise in der nachfolgend dargestellten Weise ermittelt werden:
Dabei stellt λ einen Schrittgrößenparameter dar und e den Vorhersagefehler. Die Funktionsweise des Vorhersagefehlermodells zur Anpassung des vorhergesagten Druckes Pp wird anhand von
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Vorhersagefehler-Methode auch dazu genutzt, zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameter in dem Parametermodul 28 anzupassen. In diesem Beispiel ist der Druck-Steuer-Parameter die Differenz P1 - P2 der Druckgrenzwerte P1 und P2. Die Anpassung dieser Druckgrenzwerte erfolgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel auf Grundlage des Parameters b1. In der Steuereinrichtung 12, insbesondere in dem Parametermodul 28 ist eine Tabelle hinterlegt, welche für bestimmte Parameter b1 Druckdifferenzen zwischen den Druckgrenzwerten P1 und P2, d.h. Druck-Hysterese-Spannen, definiert. Alternativ könnten auch direkt Druckgrenzwerte P1 und P2 in der Tabelle hinterlegt sein, dazu wäre es aber zusätzlich erforderlich, dem Parametermodul 28 den gewünschten Druck PU zuzuführen und diesen in der Tabelle zu berücksichtigen. Eine Tabelle, aus der sich die Druckdifferenz P1 - P2 ergeben, kann beispielsweise wie in
Die beschriebene Anpassung der Parameter a1 und b1 erfolgt bevorzugt zu Betriebspunkten bzw. in Betriebsbereichen der Druckerhöhungspumpe 2, in welchen ein stabiler Betriebszustand, das heißt insbesondere ein möglichst konstanter Durchfluss gegeben ist. Dies ist in dem Diagramm gemäß
- 22
- DruckerhöhungspumpeBooster pump
- 44
- Rückschlagventilcheck valve
- 55
- Leitungmanagement
- 66
- Puffertankbuffer tank
- 88th
- Drucksensorpressure sensor
- 1010
- VentilValve
- 1212
- Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
- 1414
- physikalisches Systemphysical system
- 1616
- Übertragungsfunktiontransfer function
- 1818
- nutzerabhängige Übertragungsfunktionuser-dependent transfer function
- 2020
- Druckreglerpressure regulator
- 2222
- Substrahierersubtractor
- 2424
- ZustandsregelmodulState control module
- 2626
- Vorhersagemodul, VorhersagesystemPrediction module, forecasting system
- 2828
- Parametermodulparameter module
- PP
- Druckprint
- Pu P u
- gewünschter Druckdesired pressure
- Pppp
- vorhergesagter Druckpredicted pressure
- PS P S
- Solldruckset pressure
- P1, P1'P 1 , P 1 '
- oberer Druckgrenzwertupper pressure limit
- P2, P2'P 2 , P 2 '
- unterer Druckgrenzwertlower pressure limit
- P1 - P2, P1' - P2'P 1 - P 2, P 1 '- P 2'
- Druckdifferenz bzw. HysteresespannePressure difference or hysteresis range
- tt
- ZeitTime
- TA T A
- Ausschaltzeitpunktoff time
- TE T E
- Einschaltzeitpunktswitch-on
- a1, b1 a 1 , b 1
- Parameterparameter
- ZZ
- Zustandswertstate value
- Durchflussflow
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Steuereinrichtung (12) derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie in dem Start-Stopp-Betrieb zumindest einen Druck-Steuer-Parameter (P1, P2) der Steuereinrichtung (12) automatisch auf Grundlage des zeitlichen Verlaufes zumindest eines von dem Drucksensor erfassten Druckwertes (P) derart anpasst.Pressure increasing device for increasing the pressure of a liquid flowing through a line (5) with at least one booster pump (2), a control device (12) which controls the booster pump (2) and at least one output side of the booster pump (2) and arranged with the control device connected pressure sensor (8), wherein the control device (12) is designed such that it controls the booster pump in a start-stop operation at least in an operating range, that they the booster pump (2) upon reaching an upper pressure limit (P 1 ) turns off and turns on when reaching a lower pressure limit (P 2 ),
characterized in that
the control device (12) is configured in such a way that, in the start-stop mode, it automatically generates at least one pressure control parameter (P 1 , P 2 ) of the control device (12) based on the time profile of at least one pressure value detected by the pressure sensor (P) so adapts.
Priority Applications (4)
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EP15190110.5A EP3156651B1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | Pressure increasing device |
RU2016140465A RU2658719C2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-14 | Pressure increasing device |
US15/293,708 US11326591B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-14 | Pressure boosting device |
CN201610902881.5A CN106869249B (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-17 | Supercharging device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP15190110.5A EP3156651B1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | Pressure increasing device |
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EP3156651A1 true EP3156651A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
EP3156651B1 EP3156651B1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP15190110.5A Active EP3156651B1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | Pressure increasing device |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US11326591B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3156651B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106869249B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2658719C2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2020044231A1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap | Compressor or pump equipped with a control for the regulation of the working range and working method applied for the regulation |
DE102019213530A1 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for operating a water distribution system |
DE102020105670A1 (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-09 | KSB SE & Co. KGaA | Pressure booster system for increasing the supply pressure in the water supply to at least one extraction point or a hydraulic consumer |
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JP2020528506A (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2020-09-24 | バレステロス,ジョナサン | Low flow devices for low flow fluid delivery systems and low flow fluid delivery systems |
CN110454370B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2020-11-10 | 蘑菇物联技术(深圳)有限公司 | Method for dynamically optimizing joint control pressure band of air compression station |
US20220155117A1 (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-19 | Sensia Llc | System and method for quantitative verification of flow measurements |
CN115030904A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-09 | 朱志海 | Pressure control type circulating booster pump |
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- 2015-10-16 EP EP15190110.5A patent/EP3156651B1/en active Active
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2016
- 2016-10-14 US US15/293,708 patent/US11326591B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-14 RU RU2016140465A patent/RU2658719C2/en active
- 2016-10-17 CN CN201610902881.5A patent/CN106869249B/en active Active
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US7080792B2 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2006-07-25 | Sugino Machine Limited | Liquid pressurizing device |
JP2013040593A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-02-28 | Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd | Pump system for cold and hot water circulating and supplying system |
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WO2020044231A1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap | Compressor or pump equipped with a control for the regulation of the working range and working method applied for the regulation |
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BE1026539B1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-09-14 | Atlas Copco Airpower Nv | Compressor or pump provided with a control for the control of the operating range and method for the control applied |
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DE102019213530A1 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for operating a water distribution system |
DE102020105670A1 (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-09 | KSB SE & Co. KGaA | Pressure booster system for increasing the supply pressure in the water supply to at least one extraction point or a hydraulic consumer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2658719C2 (en) | 2018-06-22 |
US11326591B2 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
RU2016140465A (en) | 2018-04-17 |
US20170107702A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
CN106869249A (en) | 2017-06-20 |
CN106869249B (en) | 2020-06-19 |
EP3156651B1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
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