EP3095530B1 - Dispositif d'envoi et de reception de signaux acoustiques - Google Patents

Dispositif d'envoi et de reception de signaux acoustiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3095530B1
EP3095530B1 EP16164346.5A EP16164346A EP3095530B1 EP 3095530 B1 EP3095530 B1 EP 3095530B1 EP 16164346 A EP16164346 A EP 16164346A EP 3095530 B1 EP3095530 B1 EP 3095530B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
electroacoustic transducer
making means
signal
signals
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EP16164346.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3095530A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Karl
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0651—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of circular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0603—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a piezoelectric bender, e.g. bimorph
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/32—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by the shape of the source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals.
  • tongue frequency meters have proven themselves in many applications.
  • Several vibratory tongues are attached to an acoustically rigid vibration coupling element, each of which reaches its vibration maximum at different excitation frequencies.
  • An observer uses the tongue, which shows its greatest deflection, to see the frequency with which the vibration coupling element is excited.
  • a disadvantage of such reed frequency meters is that only part of the available resources, such as the vibrating reeds in this case, are used. It would be equivalent to placing several electroacoustic transducers with different resonance frequencies on a membrane and using a different electroacoustic transducer depending on the frequency to be transmitted or received. In this case, however, the respective unused area of the membrane would unnecessarily draw sound energy from the sound field or cause it to vibrate during transmission.
  • DE3733776A1 discloses an ultrasonic probe constructed from a piezoelectric composite material composed of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic rod members embedded in an organic material. Strip electrodes are formed from this composite material in order to improve flexibility and sensitivity of the probe.
  • the document DE 10 2007 057 124 A1 describes an excitation / reception unit with a piezoelectric element which is attached to the inside of a membrane.
  • the piezoelectric element here has electrodes on both sides, with two electrodes being attached to the piezoelectric element on the side facing away from the membrane, which electrodes are designed to oscillate in phase opposition.
  • the piezo element can thus execute two partial movements. This is achieved by applying signals in antiphase to the two electrodes.
  • JP H05 122793 describes a piezo loudspeaker.
  • the loudspeaker comprises spatially subdivided electrodes on one side of the piezoelectric element in order to apply different voltages there based on a specific resonance mode.
  • DE 2712341 shows an ultrasonic transducer with a variable focus, the ultrasonic transducer having a piezoelectric plate which is understood to have a plurality of circular electrodes opposite the lower active transducer surface.
  • the electrodes are connected to a corresponding ultrasonic transducer device via electrical delay lines. Variable delays can be implemented by means of the delay lines in order to obtain variable focus operation.
  • DE 10 2010 027 780 A1 describes an ultrasonic sensor with at least two sub-areas for transmitting and / or receiving ultrasonic signals, the sub-areas each having different resonance properties and the sub-areas being controlled with different control signal frequencies according to the respective resonance property.
  • a piezo oscillator can be provided which comprises three spatially divided electrodes.
  • JP S62209998 describes a vibrator with a surface made of different circular electrodes. Depending on the resonance frequency, the electrodes are activated and thus the vibrator receives different oscillation characteristics.
  • US 2006/103267 A1 describes an ultrasonic transducer with a central piezo element, which in turn is surrounded by ring-shaped piezo elements.
  • a processor with a plurality of input and output ports is described, which in turn are connected to the annular piezo elements.
  • impedance matching is carried out in order to control the load on the piezo elements.
  • a check is also carried out to determine whether the incoming signals lie within a predetermined impedance window in order to improve the signal quality.
  • US 2010/086151 A1 describes a piezoelectric loudspeaker, with a piezoelectric element which has electrodes on both sides and is attached to a membrane. On the side facing away from the membrane, the electrode is structured and has two ring-shaped and one central, disk-shaped electrode. Different parts of the piezo element can thus be made to vibrate. Filters can also be assigned to the structured electrodes.
  • JP H09 327094 A describes a piezoelectric loudspeaker with a flat piezo element and electrodes attached to both sides of the piezo element.
  • One of the two electrodes is divided into five electrode segments.
  • Two of the five electrodes are controlled by a coil and a segment separately via a direct signal. In this way, the oscillations of the piezo element are controlled accordingly at high frequencies.
  • US 2013/049876 A1 describes a device in which a second disc-shaped piezoelectric element is arranged centrally on a membrane and a first annular element is arranged around the second piezoelectric element on the membrane at a spatial distance therefrom.
  • the two piezo elements differ in their resonance frequency, the resonance frequency of the ring-shaped piezo element being lower than that of the disk-shaped piezo element.
  • a device for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals with the features of claim 1 and a method for producing this device with the features of claim 9 are provided.
  • the device according to the invention for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals comprises an electroacoustic transducer which has at least two first contacts that are electrically isolated from one another and via which different areas of the electroacoustic transducer can be excited to vibrate.
  • the device is set up so that when acoustic signals are transmitted, an electrical signal is applied to each of the first contacts, the applied electrical signals having a mutually different temporal progression, and when acoustic signals are received to each of the first contacts electrical signal is tapped in order to determine an oscillation of the electroacoustic transducer from the different time course of the tapped electrical signals.
  • Such a device is advantageous because a particularly efficient conversion takes place between acoustic signals and electrical signals. This means that the device has a high degree of efficiency when transmitting acoustic signals and high sensitivity when receiving acoustic signals.
  • the device is characterized by a particularly advantageous signal-to-noise ratio, for example to a noise of an internal resistance of the device.
  • a predetermined oscillation behavior can be impressed on the electroacoustic transducer, in particular when acoustic signals are emitted, whereby the oscillation behavior of the electroacoustic transducer is precise can be controlled and thus optimally adapted to any environmental conditions.
  • the first contacts form concentric circles on a surface of the electroacoustic transducer.
  • the electroacoustic transducer has the shape of a circular disk. In this way, an arrangement of the contacts is achieved through which individual vibration modes of the electroacoustic transducer can be excited particularly efficiently. At the same time, the contacts have a less complex shape, which simplifies the manufacture of the device and at the same time achieves high stability.
  • the different time course of the electrical signals applied to the first contacts is selected in such a way that the electroacoustic transducer oscillates either in a first oscillation mode or in a second oscillation mode.
  • the first oscillation mode is an oscillation mode of a first frequency
  • the second oscillation mode is an oscillation mode of a second frequency. It is therefore always possible to choose an oscillation mode that enables particularly high sensitivity or particularly high efficiency of the device. This enables the device to be adapted to a desired frequency.
  • the electroacoustic transducer has at least one second contact that is electrically conductively connected to an associated first contact, the second contact being arranged in such a way that the second contact is in response to a predefined incoming acoustic signal with regard to frequency and / or the amplitude and / or phase oscillates in the same way as the associated first contact.
  • each of the electrical signals tapped at the first contacts is filtered for a predetermined time profile. In this way, interference when receiving acoustic signals is suppressed particularly efficiently.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a delay unit which is set up to change a phase of an incoming electrical signal and to apply the incoming electrical signal to one of the first contacts and the incoming electrical signal with its phase changed to another of the to create the first contacts.
  • the phase of the incoming electrical signal is changed by means of a passive component.
  • the electroacoustic transducer is a flexural oscillator, the first and / or second contacts being arranged on a first side of the electroacoustic transducer and a reference electrode being arranged flat on a second side of the electroacoustic transducer opposite the first side.
  • the entire first side of the electroacoustic transducer can be used for the first and / or second contacts and a particularly precise excitation of the electroacoustic transducer can take place.
  • the electrical signals applied to the first contacts are selected such that the acoustic signal transmitted or received by the device lies in a predetermined frequency range and in particular has a constant frequency.
  • the device can thus be operated at a frequency at which it achieves a particularly high degree of efficiency and has a particularly high sensitivity.
  • the acoustic signal transmitted or received by the device is an ultrasonic signal. This is advantageous because, especially in the area of sending and receiving ultrasonic signals, high demands are placed on the sensitivity and the efficiency of devices for sending and / or receiving acoustic signals.
  • a method for producing a device according to the invention is advantageous in which the electroacoustic transducer is arranged on a membrane and in particular glued to it, a contacting layer is applied to a side of the electroacoustic transducer facing away from the membrane, and the first and / or second contacts are made from the Contacting layer are formed by removing the areas of the contacting layer that are between the first and / or second contacts.
  • the device is set up to be arranged on a vehicle and, in particular, to be integrated into an on-board network of the vehicle. It is also advantageous if the device is set up to send and / or receive information via the acoustic signal.
  • FIG 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic signals in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the device 1 comprises an electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is a piezoelectric flexural oscillator.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is in Figure 1 shown in a cross section. In a plan view, the electroacoustic transducer 2 is a circular disk.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 has a first side 6 and a second side 7 opposite the first side 6.
  • the first side 6 and the second side 7 are the flat surfaces of the circular disk.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 rests in a region of its outer circumference on a membrane carrier 8 and is welded to a membrane carrier 8 at this point.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 has at least two first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d that are electrically isolated from one another.
  • the at least two electrically isolated first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are formed in this first embodiment by a circular disk-shaped contact 3a, a first annular contact 3b, a second annular contact 3c and a third annular contact 3d.
  • the circular disk-shaped contact 3a has the shape of a circular disk.
  • a center of the circular disk-shaped contact 3 a is arranged on the electroacoustic transducer 2 in such a way that it lies above a center of the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the center of the electroacoustic transducer 2 is a center of one of the circular disk-shaped surfaces of the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the first annular contact 3b is arranged concentrically to the circular disk-shaped contact 3a.
  • the first annular contact 3b runs around the circular disk-shaped contact 3a, an outer circumference of the circular disk-shaped contact 3a being at a distance from an inner circumference of the first annular contact 3b.
  • the second ring-shaped contact 3c is arranged concentrically to the circular disk-shaped contact 3a.
  • the second ring-shaped contact 3c runs around the circular disk-shaped contact 3a, an outer circumference of the first ring-shaped contact 3b being at a distance from an inner circumference of the second ring-shaped contact 3c.
  • the third annular contact 3d is arranged concentrically to the circular disk-shaped contact 3a.
  • the third annular contact 3d runs around the second annular contact 3c, an outer circumference of the second annular contact 3c being at a distance from an inner circumference of the third annular contact 3c. Since a material from which the electroacoustic transducer 2 is made is non-conductive and the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are spaced from one another, the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are electrically isolated from one another.
  • the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are arranged on the second side 7 of the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • a reference electrode 5 is arranged on the first side 6 of the electroacoustic transducer 2. This extends over the entire surface of the electroacoustic converter 2 located on the first side 6 of the electroacoustic converter.
  • Each of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d is coupled to a signal unit 4 via an electrical line.
  • the signal unit 4 generates a plurality of electrical signals which differ from one another and which are transmitted to the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d via the electrical lines to the first contacts.
  • the signal unit 4 is coupled to the reference electrode 5 via an electrical line.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 can optionally be excited by the signal unit 4 to vibrate either in a first vibration mode or in a second vibration mode.
  • Figure 2 shows the electroacoustic transducer 2 at a first point in time t 1a , at a second point in time t 1b and at a third point in time t 1c , the electroacoustic transducer 2 oscillating in the first oscillation mode.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is curved upwards over its entire surface.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is not curved, which also corresponds to its expression in its idle state.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is curved downward over its entire surface.
  • a position of the circular disk-shaped contact 3a, the first annular contact 3b, the second annular contact 3c and the third annular contact 3d on the electroacoustic transducer 2 is shown.
  • the second ring-shaped contact 3c is first considered. It can be seen that the entire area in which the second annular contact 3c is located is characterized by a similar vibration behavior.
  • the second ring-shaped contact 3c is located in its entire circumference to each of the in Figure 2 times shown at the same level above a rest position of the acoustic transducer 2. The same also applies to the area of the electroacoustic transducer 2, in which the first annular contact 3b is arranged and for the area of the electroacoustic transducer 2, in which the third annular contact 3d is arranged.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 to the in Figure 2 The vibration shown can be excited by passing to each of the first Contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d each have a sinusoidal electrical signal applied, the sinusoidal electrical signals having the same phase and one adapted to the deflection of the area in which the associated first contact 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d is arranged Has amplitude.
  • FIG 3 shows the electroacoustic transducer 2 in the second vibration mode.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is shown at a fourth point in time t 2a , a fifth point in time t 2b and at a sixth point in time t 2c . It can be seen that an inner area of the electroacoustic transducer 2 oscillates in the opposite direction to an outer area of the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 in which the third ring-shaped contact 3d is located has moved downwards at the fourth point in time t 2a compared to a rest position of the electroacoustic transducer 2, whereas the area of the electroacoustic transducer 2 is moving , in which the first annular contact 3b is located, has moved upwards in relation to the rest position of the electroacoustic transducer 2. It is thus evident that by a corresponding excitation of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, the electroacoustic transducer 2 can be forced to oscillate in the second oscillation mode.
  • a sinusoidal electrical signal is applied to each of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, the sinusoidal electrical signals being out of phase with one another.
  • a frequency of the electrical signals in the second oscillation mode can differ from the frequency of the electrical signals in the first oscillation mode.
  • the signal unit 4 stores a time curve for a first electrical signal which is applied to the circular disk-shaped contact 3a. Furthermore, a second electrical signal is stored, which is applied to the first ring-shaped contact 3b. A third electrical signal is also stored, which is applied to the second ring-shaped contact 3c. Furthermore, a fourth electrical signal is stored, which is applied to the third ring-shaped contact 3d.
  • all electrical signals are sinusoidal electrical signals which, however, differ at least in their phase relationship to one another or in their amplitude.
  • a first to fourth electrical signal is stored for the first vibration mode and a first to fourth electrical signal is stored for the second vibration mode.
  • stored means that the signal unit 4 generates the electrical signals on request.
  • each of the electrical signals applied to the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d has a predetermined time profile.
  • a climate dependency of the electrical signals is taken into account in the activation / evaluation of the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the electrical signals associated with the first oscillation mode have a first frequency f1 and the electrical signals associated with the second oscillation mode have a second frequency f2.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 vibrates at a first frequency f1 in the first vibration mode and vibrates at a second frequency f2 in the second vibration mode.
  • Both the first frequency f1 and the second frequency f2 are in a high-frequency range, so that the electroacoustic transducer 2 is excited to oscillate, which leads to an acoustic signal in the ultrasonic range.
  • the electrical signals associated with the first oscillation mode have a constant frequency.
  • the acoustic signal generated by the electroacoustic transducer 2 thus also has a constant frequency.
  • the electrical signals applied to the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are selected such that the acoustic signal with a constant frequency lies in a predetermined frequency range.
  • an electrical signal is tapped at each of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and an oscillation of the electroacoustic transducer is determined from the different temporal progression of the tapped electrical signals. If the electroacoustic transducer 2 is excited to oscillate by an incoming acoustic signal, this is converted into electrical signals by the electroacoustic transducer 2. These are tapped by the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, with each of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d then being applied with an electrical signal which, in its time course, differs from that of the other first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d different electrical signals present.
  • each of the electrical signals which is transmitted from the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d to the signal unit 4 is filtered by a matched filter.
  • the device 1 thus has an associated matched filter for each of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • the matched filters are designed in such a way that they only let through those parts of the electrical signals that result from the specific acoustic signal. Thus, when acoustic signals are received, each of the electrical signals tapped at the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d is filtered for a predetermined time profile.
  • the electro-acute transducer 2 is a bending transducer in the form of a round disk and the electrical signals are from a narrower frequency range, the number of necessary first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d can be considerably compared other embodiments can be reduced.
  • the time curves of the voltages of the electrical signals from some of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are close to zero and with other signal forms, such as a different frequency, they vary over time, in particular out of phase with one another.
  • the exact relationships between the contact voltage can be determined either experimentally and / or by means of simulation.
  • the signal unit 4 comprises a delay unit which is set up to change a phase of an incoming electrical signal and to apply the incoming electrical signal to one of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and the incoming electrical signal with its phase changed Apply the signal to another of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • the first electrical signal which is applied to the circular disk-shaped contact 3a when the acoustic signal is emitted, is applied to the delay unit as an incoming electrical signal.
  • passive Components in the delay unit in particular by a capacitor, a phase of the incoming electrical signal, that is to say the first electrical signal, is shifted.
  • An amplitude of the incoming electrical signal is changed by a resistance of the delay unit.
  • the first electrical signal which has changed in its amplitude and its phase, is applied as the second electrical signal to the first ring-shaped contact 3b.
  • FIG Figure 4 A second embodiment of the device for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic signals is shown in FIG Figure 4 shown.
  • the second embodiment corresponds essentially to the first embodiment.
  • the acoustic transducer 2 has a second contact 9.
  • the second contact 9 replaces the first ring-shaped contact 3 b and is identical to it in shape and position on the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the second contact 9 is connected to the third annular contact 3d via an electrical connection. A direct connection between the second contact 9 and the signal unit 4 is omitted.
  • the second contact 9 and the third annular contact 3b are arranged on the electroacoustic transducer in such a way that the area in which the second contact 9 is arranged and the area in which the third annular contact 3d is arranged for at least one , in particular two, predetermined vibration modes have an identical vibration behavior.
  • the electroacoustic converter 2 thus has at least one second contact 9, which is electrically conductively connected to an associated first contact 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, the second contact 9 being arranged such that the second contact 9 in response to a predefined incoming acoustic signal oscillates in terms of frequency and / or amplitude and / or phase in an identical manner to the associated first contact 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • the second contact 9 and the third ring-shaped contact 3d are thus excited via a common electrical signal output by the signal unit 4 in order to generate one of the predetermined vibration modes.
  • the electroacoustic transducer ideally consists of a large number of contacts. Often one can assume that in areas same deflection, similar charge displacements take place and correspondingly similar voltage potentials exist. According to the invention, the same potentials are therefore combined in one contact in order to reduce the effort.
  • a continuous contact-making layer is applied to the first side 6 and to the second side 7 of the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 2 is then arranged with its second side 7 on a membrane and glued to it.
  • the areas of the continuous contacting layer on the first side 6 of the electroacoustic transducer 2 are removed in the areas in which none of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d should be located. In order to remove these areas, they are etched, cut or milled out of the continuous contacting layer.
  • the vibration behavior for each signal shape in particular for a pulse with a fixed frequency
  • the functional goal such as maximum frequency and / or phase position
  • the electroacoustic converter 2 can be set separately for each of the first contacts 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • the oscillation behavior of the electroacoustic transducer 2 can thus be set in detail in its course via the electroacoustic transducer 2.
  • the operating limits of an electroacoustic transducer which is customary today and which has only two contacts are predetermined, among other things, by the part of the electroacoustic transducer which can be destroyed first if it increases further.
  • Typical destruction effects are, for example, voltage breakdown or changes in the crystal structure as a result of depolarization. If the operating values of each contact can be set separately, more efficient use is possible, which can be noticeable, for example, as a high level of control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif (1) d'émission et de réception de signaux acoustiques, ledit dispositif comprenant un transducteur électroacoustique (2) qui comporte au moins deux premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) qui sont isolés électriquement l'un de l'autre et sur lesquels différentes zones du transducteur électroacoustique (2) peuvent être excitées de manière à vibrer, le dispositif (1) étant adapté de telle sorte que
    • lors de l'émission de signaux acoustiques, un signal électrique soit appliqué sur chacun des premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d), les signaux électriques appliqués présentant des variations dans le temps qui sont différentes les unes des autres, et
    • lors de la réception de signaux acoustiques sur chacun des premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d), un signal électrique est prélevé à chaque fois pour déterminer une oscillation du transducteur électroacoustique à partir de la variation différente dans le temps des signaux électriques prélevés,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (1) est en outre adapté de telle sorte que, lors de la réception des signaux acoustiques, chacun des signaux électriques prélevés sur les premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) soit filtré pour avoir une variation dans le temps spécifiée.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) forment des cercles concentriques sur une surface du transducteur électroacoustique (2).
  3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la variation différente dans le temps des signaux électriques appliqués sur les premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) est choisie de telle sorte que le transducteur électroacoustique (2) soit sélectivement dans un premier mode d'oscillation ou oscille dans un deuxième mode d'oscillation.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le transducteur électroacoustique (2) comporte au moins un deuxième contact (9) qui est relié électriquement à un premier contact associé (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d), le deuxième contact (9) étant disposé de telle manière que le deuxième contact (9) oscille en réponse à un signal acoustique entrant prédéfini en termes de fréquence et/ou d'amplitude et/ou de phase de manière identique au premier contact associé (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une unité à retard qui est adaptée pour modifier la phase d'un signal électrique entrant, et pour appliquer le signal électrique entrant à l'un des premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) et pour appliquer le signal électrique entrant modifié en phase sur un autre des premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le transducteur électroacoustique (2) est un résonateur de flexions, les premiers et/ou deuxièmes contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) étant disposés sur un premier côté du transducteur électroacoustique (2), et une électrode de référence (5) étant disposée de manière sensiblement bidimensionnelle sur un deuxième côté du transducteur électroacoustique (2) opposé au premier côté.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les signaux électriques appliqués sur les premiers contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) sont choisis de telle sorte que le signal acoustique se situe dans une plage de fréquences prédéterminée et ait en particulier une fréquence constante.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le signal acoustique est un signal ultrasonique.
  9. Procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le transducteur électroacoustique (2) est disposé sur une membrane, notamment collée à celle-ci,
    une couche de contact est appliquée sur un côté du transducteur électroacoustique (2) qui est opposé à la membrane, et
    les premiers et/ou deuxièmes contacts sont formés à partir de la couche de contact par élimination des zones de la couche de contact qui sont situées entre les contacts (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d).
EP16164346.5A 2015-05-20 2016-04-08 Dispositif d'envoi et de reception de signaux acoustiques Active EP3095530B1 (fr)

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DE102015209234.8A DE102015209234A1 (de) 2015-05-20 2015-05-20 Vorrichtung zum Aussenden und/oder Empfangen akustischer Signale

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DE102017206079A1 (de) 2017-04-10 2018-10-11 Continental Automotive Gmbh Körperschallaktuator für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102018105268B3 (de) * 2018-03-07 2019-04-25 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Ultraschallwandlung
DE102018126387A1 (de) * 2018-10-23 2020-04-23 Tdk Electronics Ag Schallwandler und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Schallwandlers
WO2024056273A1 (fr) 2022-09-14 2024-03-21 Tdk Electronics Ag Composant transducteur

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