EP2998450B1 - Connection element - Google Patents
Connection element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2998450B1 EP2998450B1 EP15185697.8A EP15185697A EP2998450B1 EP 2998450 B1 EP2998450 B1 EP 2998450B1 EP 15185697 A EP15185697 A EP 15185697A EP 2998450 B1 EP2998450 B1 EP 2998450B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- case
- connection element
- rectangular profile
- tension
- wall section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
- E04B1/0038—Anchoring devices specially adapted therefor with means for preventing cold bridging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a connection element for connecting a steel structural part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part.
- upstream steel exterior parts When connecting upstream steel exterior parts to steel building parts, for example, when connecting a steel balcony to a steel ceiling construction, two aspects are in the foreground.
- the various forces that act on the upstream steel component ie tensile, compressive and / or shear forces, must be safely and completely transferred to the building or the subsoil.
- good thermal insulation must be ensured, since in practice the upstream steel components are subjected to severe thermal stress.
- the upstream parts can act as thermal bridges and cause structural damage.
- connection elements therefore generally have connecting elements for transmitting power to a building part and a body made of insulating material, which causes the greatest possible thermal insulation of the upstream steel component.
- the DE 3 005 571 B1 discloses, for example, a cantilevered connection element with an elongated, cuboid insulating body of thermally insulating material.
- the insulating body is interspersed with elongated, metal reinforcing elements which extend substantially transversely to the insulating body and which are designed to absorb tensile forces.
- the cantilever connection element has transverse force bars of reinforcing steel and steel construction parts which act as pressure elements.
- the DE 37 00 295 C2 describes a cantilever panel connection element with an insulation body, at least one tension element and at least one pressure element. Tension element and pressure element pass through the insulating body approximately perpendicular to the main plane and are connected to each other by at least one transverse element.
- the cross member may be cross-shaped and derives in this case occurring in both directions transverse forces particularly well.
- the component has an insulating body with both sides arranged plate-like fastening devices and tensile, compressive and optionally transverse force elements.
- the insulating body including its plate-like fastening devices is divided into an upper part and a lower part, so that the plate-like fastening devices of the upper part are connected to the tension members and the plate-like fastening devices of the lower part with the pressure elements.
- stiffeners in the vertical direction and stiffeners in the horizontal direction are integrated in the lower part. Both stiffeners are formed by two intersecting, mirror image arranged rods and serve to absorb lateral forces.
- DE 101 30 866 A1 A disadvantage of the device of DE 101 30 866 A1 in particular, the fact that the insulating body between the plate-like fastening devices is very difficult to be introduced.
- the DE 101 30 866 A1 proposes in this connection to subsequently foam the intermediate space, if necessary only after installation on site. Such a procedure is extremely time-consuming and expensive and usually does not lead to the desired insulation values.
- the company Schöck Bauieri GmbH offers under the designation Isokorb type KS (www.schoeck.de/de/ istloesungen) a connecting element intended for the installation of a cantilevered steel balcony. It consists of at least one vertically aligned mounting plate on which four steel bars are provided in pairs projecting horizontally so that they protrude forward as a threaded pin for securing the cantilevered steel structure. In the direction of the structure, the steel bars are also available and are poured into the concrete floor. Two upper long steel bars take over the transmission of tensile forces and two lower shorter bars transfer pressure forces. The installation of the connection element before concreting the ceiling is very complex and inaccurate.
- the Isokorb KST is intended for connecting protruding steel components to steel structures.
- This consists of a tensile modulus and a pressure module, wherein in the pressure module between the two pressure rods, a hollow steel profile is welded as a reinforcing element.
- a disadvantage of this solution is in particular the fact that the cavity present in the pressure module can not be filled with insulating material, since any insulating material present there would lose its functionality due to the temperatures during the welding process.
- connection element for connecting a steel structural part with a steel outer part of the steel structural part upstream be provided, which has a good static load capacity with good thermal insulation at the same time.
- This object is achieved by the connection element according to independent claim 1. Further advantageous aspects, details and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.
- the connecting element according to the invention for connecting a steel structural part with a steel outer part of the steel structural part has a rectangular profile having four wall sections, the rectangular profile having a front wall section adjacent to the upstream steel outer part in the installed state; Building part adjacent, substantially parallel to the front wall portion extending rear wall portion and two, substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear wall portion extending, lateral wall portions, wherein the wall portions delimit a rectangular profile interior of a rectangular profile outer space.
- the connecting element also has at least two pressure rods extending substantially perpendicular to the front and rear wall sections of the rectangular profile and penetrating the front and rear wall sections of the rectangular profile, the pressure bars being provided with at least two external thread sections adjacent to the rectangular profile at least in the area of the rectangular profile external space are.
- the connection element has at least four threaded nuts arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, wherein at least two threaded nuts are respectively screwed onto a pressure rod, one threaded nut adjacent to the front wall portion and one threaded nut adjacent to the rear wall portion.
- the connecting element according to the invention is associated with the particular advantage that provided for the transmission of transverse forces occurring rectangular profile designed open top and bottom and therefore is accessible for the introduction of insulation material. This will significantly improve Thermal insulation achieved, especially in the case of objects with particularly high requirements for thermal insulation.
- shear forces occur as horizontal constraining forces, which are advantageously almost completely absorbed by the rectangular profile.
- the rectangular profile can be minimally changed into a trapezoidal shape and thus allow the shear forces.
- Such a recording of shear forces is in the device of DE 101 30 866 A1 not possible.
- the provided there in the lower part stiffening in the horizontal direction in the form of two intersecting, mirror image arranged rods sets horizontal shear forces against a resistance not to be overcome.
- a deformation of the device of DE 101 30 866 A1 is thereby prevented and occurring shear forces are introduced directly into the ceiling of the building part. Such an introduction of shear forces in the ceiling is almost completely prevented by the connection element according to the invention.
- the dimensioning of the rectangular profile is generally based on the static requirements of the specific application and can be calculated by the skilled person in a simple manner and adapted to the specific situation.
- the width b of the rectangular profile (expansion of the front or rear wall portion in the installed state horizontal direction) between 100 mm and 250 mm, more preferably between 130 mm and 200 mm, particularly preferably between 150 mm and 170 mm.
- the depth t of the rectangular profile is preferably between 50 mm and 125 mm, more preferably between 65 mm and 100 mm, particularly preferably between 75 mm and 85 mm.
- the height h of the rectangular profile is preferably between 30 mm and 100 mm, more preferably between 45 mm and 85 mm, particularly preferably between 55 mm and 75 mm ,
- the thickness d of the wall of the rectangular profile is preferably between 2 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 3 mm and 7 mm, particularly preferably between 4 mm and 6 mm.
- rectangular profile does not mean a profile with a horizontal shape in the mathematical sense exactly rectangular shape.
- the corners of the rectangular profile can be rounded, for example.
- the term “rectangular profile” also includes other slight deviations from a rectangular shape. As a special case of a rectangle, a square shape also falls under the term "rectangular profile”.
- the two pressure rods are substantially in a common plane, in particular substantially in a horizontal plane.
- the term "essentially in a common plane” is to be understood that the two pressure rods run except for production-related deviations in a common plane.
- Steel exterior parts such as balconies are usually mounted in a horizontal plane on the building.
- the plane in which the two pressure bars extend in the vertical direction below the focal plane of the upstream steel outer part. In this case, a particularly effective transmission of the pressure forces on the structural part caused by the upstream steel outer part is possible.
- connection element According to a further preferred embodiment, exclusively pressure rods run in the rectangular profile interior.
- This embodiment of the connection element according to the present invention expresses that the rectangular profile provided for transmitting the occurring transverse forces completely absorbs and dissipates all occurring transverse forces. So there are no additional bracing or stiffening elements on or in the rectangular profile required.
- the pressure rods in the region of the rectangular profile interior are each equipped with an external thread section.
- At least four threaded nuts are particularly preferably provided in the rectangular profile interior, wherein in each case at least two threaded nuts arranged in the rectangular profile inner thread are screwed on, each having a threaded nut adjacent to the front wall section and one threaded nut adjacent to the rear wall section.
- the connecting element according to the invention can nevertheless be equipped with welding spots.
- the arranged in the rectangular profile interior threaded nuts for fixing the position can be firmly connected by at least one welding point with the respective pressure rod.
- the arranged in the rectangular profile slots may also be provided between the threaded nuts and the rectangular profile welds to ensure that the push rod runs in the middle of the respective slot. If shearing or forced forces then occur when installed, the spot weld between the nut and the rectangular profile is forcibly released so that the pressure rod can move in the slot.
- an insulating body is arranged in the rectangular profile interior.
- the connection element according to the invention is associated with the particular advantage that the rectangular profile provided for transmitting the occurring transverse forces is designed to be open at the top and bottom and therefore accessible for the introduction of insulating material. If the rectangular profile interior filled with insulating material, a significantly improved thermal insulation is achieved, which is an advantage, especially in the case of objects with particularly high demands on the thermal insulation of buildings with, for example, balconies.
- the front wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the front wall portion each arranged at least one, penetrated by a respective pressure rod washer.
- the rear wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the rear wall portion each arranged at least one, penetrated by a respective pressure rod washer.
- At least one cooperating pair of a conical socket and a spherical disk which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod, can be arranged between the two threaded nuts arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the front wall section adjacent to the front wall section.
- at least one cooperating pair of a conical socket and a spherical disk are arranged between the two arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the rear wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the rear wall portion, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod.
- two, in the installed state horizontally extending slots are provided in the front and the rear wall portion of the rectangular profile, wherein the pressure bars penetrate the front and the rear wall portion of the rectangular profile through two slots, each having a push rod each penetrates a slot in the front and a slot in the rear wall section.
- shear forces act as horizontal constraining forces, which are advantageously absorbed by the rectangular profile in an advantageous manner.
- the rectangular profile can be minimally changed into a trapezoidal shape and thus allow the shear forces.
- the Recording the shear forces is supported by the horizontally extending slots in an advantageous manner.
- the elongated holes penetrating pressure rods have due to the slots a certain freedom of movement in the horizontal direction, whereby the recording of the shear forces no resistance is opposed.
- the connection element Due to the guidance of the pressure bars by the horizontally extending slots in the installed state ensures that the pressure rods can move in the horizontal direction and thus absorb different thermal expansion of steel outer part and structure.
- the elongated holes are very particularly preferably dimensioned so that their extent in the installed state of a vertical direction substantially corresponds to the diameter of the pressure rods. In the direction of the transverse forces occurring then no clearance between the rectangular profile and pressure bars is present, whereby the shear forces are transmitted securely and completely.
- the pressure rods, rectangular profile and threaded nuts provided in the connecting element according to the invention are preferably all made of metal, for protection against corrosion and because of the lower thermal conductivity, in particular made of stainless, that is stainless steel.
- the present invention also includes the various possible combinations of the individual preferred embodiments mentioned above.
- the combination of the individual elements specified in more detail leads to a combination of the advantages associated with these individual elements, which leads to particularly well suited, statically high load-bearing and at the same time well-insulated connecting elements.
- the present invention also includes an arrangement for connecting a steel structural part with a steel outer part upstream of the steel structural part having one of the above-described connecting elements and a Buchan gleichelement.
- the Buchan gleichelement has at least one, in the installed state of the upstream steel outer part adjacent front plate member and at least one in the installed state adjacent to the steel structure part, extending substantially parallel to the front plate member rear plate member.
- the front plate element and the rear plate element each have a first lateral edge, an upper edge adjoining the first lateral edge, a second lateral edge adjoining the upper edge and opposite the first lateral edge, and one adjoining the second lateral edge and the upper edge opposite lower edge.
- the plate members, a plane containing the first side edge of the front plate member and the first side edge of the rear plate member, and a plane containing the second side edge of the front plate member and the second side edge of the rear plate member define a traction member interior from a traction member outer space.
- the tension connection element also has at least two tension rods penetrating the front and rear plate elements substantially perpendicular to the front and rear plate elements, the tension rods being provided at least in the area of the Glasan gleichelementau hitraum the plate elements adjacent each with two male threaded portions.
- the SwitzerlandInstitutelement has at least four, arranged in the Buchan gleichelementau type threaded nuts, each screwed to at least two threaded nuts are each screwed to a pull rod, each having a threaded nut adjacent to the front plate member and a respective threaded nut adjacent to the rear plate member.
- a complete element for the connection of a steel outer part is made available to a steel structure part through which all forces, ie tensile, compressive and shear forces transmitted safely and reliably to the steel structure part become.
- the two tension rods preferably extend essentially in one plane, in particular substantially in a horizontal plane.
- substantially in one plane means that the two tension rods extend in a plane except for production-related deviations.
- the plane in which the two tension rods extend in the vertical direction above the focal plane of the upstream steel outer part. In this case, a particularly effective transmission of the tensile forces caused by the upstream steel outer part on the building part is possible.
- the two tension rods extend substantially in a horizontal plane.
- Steel exterior parts such as balconies are usually mounted in a horizontal plane on the building.
- a particularly effective transmission of the forces occurring in the horizontally oriented plane of the upstream plate is possible by the also extending in a horizontal plane tie rods on the building part.
- the tension rods are provided in the region of the Weran gleichelementinnenraums each having an outer threaded portion.
- At least four threaded nuts are particularly preferably provided in the Weran gleichelementinnenraum, wherein in each case at least two, in the Weran gleichelementinnenraum arranged threaded nuts are screwed on each of a tension rod, wherein in each case a threaded nut adjacent to the front plate member and a respective nut is disposed adjacent to the rear plate member.
- an insulating body is arranged in the Switzerlandan gleichelementinnenraum. If the Buchan gleichelementinnenraum filled with insulating material, a significantly improved thermal insulation is achieved, which is an advantage, especially in the case of objects with particularly high demands on the thermal insulation with balconies, for example.
- the front plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the front plate member each arranged at least one, penetrated by a respective tie rod washer.
- the rear plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the rear plate member in each case at least one, penetrated by a respective tie rod washer is arranged.
- At least one co-operating pair of a conical socket and a spherical disk, which is penetrated by a respective pull rod can be arranged between the two threaded nuts adjacent to the front plate element and the front plate element in the Buchan gleichelementau usraum.
- the rear plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the rear plate member each have at least one cooperating pair of a conical cup and a spherical disc, which is penetrated by a respective tie rod.
- the pressure connection element is equipped with slots and the HuaweianInstitutelement has no slots.
- the front plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the front plate member each having at least one cooperating pair of a cone socket and a spherical disc is arranged, which is penetrated by a respective tie rod.
- at least one cooperating pair of a conical cup and a spherical disc is arranged between the two arranged in the WeranInstitutelementau present, the rear plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the rear plate member each, which is penetrated by a respective tie rod.
- the Buchan gleichelement is equipped with slots and the pressure connection element has no slots.
- the front wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the front wall portion each arranged at least one cooperating pair of conical pan and a spherical disc, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod.
- the rear wall section is preferably also arranged between the two, arranged in the rectangular profile outer space adjacent threaded nuts and the rear wall portion each arranged at least one cooperating pair of a cone socket and a spherical disk, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod.
- the pressure bars, tension bars, rectangular profile, plate elements and threaded nuts provided in the arrangement according to the invention are preferably all made of metal, for protection against corrosion and because of the lower thermal conductivity, in particular made of stainless, that is stainless steel.
- the Buchan gleichelement is mounted vertically above the connection element in such a manner that the front wall portion of the connection element and the front plate member of the Glasan gleichelement lying in a plane and that the rear wall portion of the connection element and the rear plate member of the Glasan gleichelements lying in a plane.
- the arrangement can be applied in this case flush with the steel outer part and flush with the steel structure part, whereby a particularly effective and durable transmission of the forces occurring is gesesesellt.
- connection element in the installed state vertically above the connection element arranged Wermanelement and the connection element are spaced apart by an intermediate layer of insulating material.
- the entire arrangement is in this case only with the exception of the elements required for the transmission tension rods, push rods, front wall section, rear wall section, front plate member and rear plate member completely surrounded by insulating material and has in terms of thermal insulation correspondingly good properties.
- connection element and a Switzerland gleichelement arrangement for connecting a steel structure part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part particularly preferably has a four insulation elements existing thermal insulation.
- the four insulating elements is a built-in upper insulating element, which extends to the height of the tie rods to a lower insulating element with a recess for the rectangular profile, which extends from the bottom up to the height of the tension rods, as well as a two-piece smaller insulating element which is inserted into the rectangular profile, the two parts reaching from both sides to the pressure rods.
- the arrangement according to the present invention does not necessarily always have to have exactly one connection element and exactly one tension connection element. Rather, the arrangement comprises at least one connecting element and at least one Buchan gleichelement. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more in the installed state over and / or juxtaposed connection elements and also 2, 3, in an arrangement for connecting a steel structure part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part 4, 5, 6 or more in the installed state over and / or juxtaposed Huaweian gleich sculpture be provided.
- the number of connection elements corresponds to the number of Weran gleich instituten, but it can also deviate from it, so it can be used in a different number of connection elements and Buchan gleich instituten in a row.
- the dimensioning of the arrangement and thus the number of connection elements and Buchan gleichettin generally depends on the static requirements of the specific application and can be calculated by the expert in a simple manner and adapted to the specific situation.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of an inventive connecting element 1 for connecting a steel structure part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part.
- the connecting element 1 has a four wall sections exhibiting, made of stainless steel rectangular profile 2, wherein the rectangular section 2 a in the installed state the upstream steel outer part adjacent front wall portion 3, a built-in state adjacent to the steel structure part, substantially parallel to the front wall portion 3 extending rear wall portion 4 and two, substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear wall portion extending, lateral wall sections 5, 6 has.
- the wall sections 3, 4, 5, 6 delimit the rectangular profile inner space 7 from the rectangular profile outer space 8.
- the width b of the rectangular profile is 160 mm
- the depth t is 80 mm
- the thickness d of the wall is 5 mm.
- the height h of the rectangular profile (see FIG. 3 ) is 65 mm.
- the connecting element 1 also has two, in the installed state substantially horizontally in a common plane and substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear wall portion of the rectangular profile 2 extending, the front and the rear wall section 3, 4 of the rectangular profile 2 penetrating push rods 9, 10, wherein the pressure bars 9, 10 in the region of the rectangular profile outer space 8 adjacent to the rectangular profile 2 are provided with two outer threaded sections 11a, 12a, 11b, 12b and in the region of the rectangular profile inner space 7 each with an outer threaded section 17, 18.
- connection element 1 has four threaded nuts 13, 14, 15, 16 arranged in the rectangular profile outer space 8, wherein two threaded nuts 13, 14, 15, 16 are screwed onto a respective pressure rod 9, 10, with one threaded nut 13, 14 adjacent to each the front wall portion 3 and a respective threaded nut 15, 16 adjacent to the rear wall portion 4 is arranged.
- connection element 1 four, arranged in the rectangular profile interior 7 threaded nuts 19, 20, 21, 22, wherein in each case a pressure rod 9, 10 each have at least two, arranged in the rectangular profile interior 7 threaded nuts 19, 20, 21, 22 are screwed, each a threaded nut 19, 20 adjacent to the front wall portion 3 and a respective threaded nut 21, 22 adjacent to the rear wall portion 4 is arranged.
- the front wall portion 3 adjacent threaded nuts 13, 14 and the front wall portion 3 are each two, penetrated by a respective pressure rod 9, 10 washers 24, 25 are arranged.
- the rear wall portion 4 adjacent threaded nuts 15, 16 and the rear wall portion 4 are each two, each penetrated by a push rod 9, 10 washers 26, 27 are arranged.
- an insulating body 23 is arranged to improve the thermal insulation properties, with only the below the pressure rods 9, 10 disposed part of the insulating body is shown for clarity.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a Switzerland gleichelement for connecting a reinforced concrete building part with a steel concrete outer part of the steel concrete outer part.
- the Switzerland gleichelement has a made of stainless steel, in the installed state of the upstream steel outer part adjacent front plate member 30 and also made of stainless steel, in the installed state adjacent to the steel structure part, substantially parallel to the front plate member 30 extending rear plate member 31.
- the front plate member 30 and the rear plate member 31 in the installed state each have a first lateral edge, an adjoining the first lateral edge upper edge, an adjoining the upper edge and the first lateral edge opposite the second lateral edge and one on the second side Edge subsequent and the upper edge opposite lower edge.
- the plate members 30, 31, a plane including the first side edge of the front plate member and the first side edge of the rear plate member, and a plane including the second side edge of the front plate member and the second side edge of the rear plate member define a traction member interior from a traction member outer space ,
- the tension connection element also has two tension rods 34, 35 penetrating the front and rear plate members 30, 31, substantially horizontally in a common plane and substantially perpendicular to the front and rear plate members 30, 31, when inserted the tension rods 34, 35 in the region of the Buchan gleichelementau hitraums 33 the plate members 30, 31 adjacent to each two outer threaded portions 36a, 37a, 36b, 37b and in the Weran gleichelementinnenraums 32 each having an outer threaded portion 42, 43 are equipped.
- the SwitzerlandInstitutelement also has four, arranged in Switzerland gleichelementau type ofraum 33 threaded nuts 38, 39, 40, 41, wherein in each case a pull rod 34, 35 each threaded nuts 38, 39, 40, 41 are screwed, each with a threaded nut 38, 39 adjacent to the front plate member 30 and a respective threaded nut 40, 41 adjacent to the rear plate member 31 is arranged.
- the front plate member 30 adjacent threaded nuts 38, 39 and the front plate member 30 are each two, each traversed by a tie rod 34, 35 washers 49, 50 are arranged.
- the rear plate member 31 adjacent threaded nuts 40, 41 and the rear plate member 31 are each two, each traversed by a tie rod 34, 35 washers 51, 52 arranged.
- an insulating body 48 is disposed to improve the thermal insulation properties, for better illustration, only the below the tension rods 34, 35 arranged part of the insulating body is shown.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an arrangement for connecting a reinforced concrete building part with a steel concrete outer part of the steel structural outer part upstream according to the present invention in a schematic representation.
- the arrangement comprises a connection element as shown in FIG. 1 is shown and a HuaweianMitelement as shown in the FIG. 2 is shown.
- the tension connection element is arranged vertically above the connection element such that the front wall section 3 of the connection element and the front plate element 30 of the tension connection element lie in one plane and that the rear wall section (not shown) of the connection element and the rear plate element (not shown) of the connection element Anlagenan gleichelement lie in a plane.
- the vertically arranged above the connecting element Anlagenan gleichelement and the connecting element are spaced from each other by an intermediate layer of insulating material.
- connection element and individual elements of the Switzerland gleichelements, already in connection with the FIGS. 1 and 2 were described in more detail.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Anschlusselement zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteil mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil.The present invention relates to a connection element for connecting a steel structural part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part.
Beim Anschluss von vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteilen an Stahl-Gebäudeteile, also beispielsweise beim Anschluss eines Stahl-Balkons an eine Stahl-Deckenkonstruktion, stehen zwei Aspekte im Vordergrund. Zum einen müssen die verschiedenen Kräfte, die auf das vorgelagerte Stahlbauteil einwirken, also Zug-, Druck- und/oder Querkräfte, sicher und vollständig auf das Gebäude oder den Untergrund übertragen werden. Zum anderen muss für eine gute thermische Wärmedämmung gesorgt werden, da die vorgelagerten Stahlbauteile in der Praxis einer starken thermischen Beanspruchung unterworfen sind. Die vorgelagerten Teile können als Wärmebrücken wirken und dadurch Bauschäden verursachen.When connecting upstream steel exterior parts to steel building parts, for example, when connecting a steel balcony to a steel ceiling construction, two aspects are in the foreground. On the one hand, the various forces that act on the upstream steel component, ie tensile, compressive and / or shear forces, must be safely and completely transferred to the building or the subsoil. On the other hand, good thermal insulation must be ensured, since in practice the upstream steel components are subjected to severe thermal stress. The upstream parts can act as thermal bridges and cause structural damage.
Seit langem bekannte Stahlanschlusselemente weisen daher in der Regel Verbindungselemente zur Kraftübertragung auf ein Gebäudeteil sowie einen Körper aus Dämmmaterial auf, der eine möglichst weitgehende thermische Wärmedämmung des vorgelagerten Stahlbauteils bewirkt.For a long time known steel connection elements therefore generally have connecting elements for transmitting power to a building part and a body made of insulating material, which causes the greatest possible thermal insulation of the upstream steel component.
Die
Die
Aus der
Im Falle des Anschlusses eines Stahlbeton-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahlbeton-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil stellt sich zudem das Problem, dass im Stahlbau mit geringeren Toleranzen gearbeitet wird als dies im Betonbau üblich ist. Zur Überwindung dieses Problems wurde eine verstellbare Lagerung des Anschlusselements vorgeschlagen (
Die Firma Schöck Bauelemente GmbH bietet unter der Bezeichnung Isokorb Typ KS (www.schoeck.de/de/produktloesungen) ein Anschlusselement an, das für den Anbau eines frei tragenden Stahl-Balkons vorgesehen ist. Es besteht aus mindestens einer vertikal ausgerichteten Befestigungsplatte, an der vier Stahlstangen paarweise horizontal wegragend so vorgesehen sind, dass sie nach vorne als Gewindezapfen zum Befestigen der auskragenden Stahlkonstruktion vorstehen. In Richtung des Bauwerks stehen die Stahlstangen ebenfalls vor und werden in die Betondecke eingegossen. Dabei übernehmen zwei obere lange Stahlstangen die Übertragung der Zugkräfte und zwei untere kürzere Stangen die Übertragung von Druckkräften. Der Einbau des Anschlusselements vor dem Betonieren der Decke ist sehr aufwändig und auch ungenau.The company Schöck Bauelemente GmbH offers under the designation Isokorb type KS (www.schoeck.de/de/produktloesungen) a connecting element intended for the installation of a cantilevered steel balcony. It consists of at least one vertically aligned mounting plate on which four steel bars are provided in pairs projecting horizontally so that they protrude forward as a threaded pin for securing the cantilevered steel structure. In the direction of the structure, the steel bars are also available and are poured into the concrete floor. Two upper long steel bars take over the transmission of tensile forces and two lower shorter bars transfer pressure forces. The installation of the connection element before concreting the ceiling is very complex and inaccurate.
Zum Verbinden von vorkragenden Stahlbauteilen an Stahlkonstruktionen ist der Isokorb KST vorgesehen. Dieser besteht aus einem Zugmodul und einem Druckmodul, wobei im Druckmodul zwischen den beiden Druckstäben ein StahlHohlprofil als Verstärkungselement eingeschweißt ist. Nachteilig an dieser Lösung ist insbesondere die Tatsache, dass der in dem Druckmodul vorhandene Hohlraum nicht mit Dämmmaterial gefüllt werden kann, da jedes dort anwesende Dämmmaterial aufgrund der Temperaturen beim Schweißvorgang seine Funktionsfähigkeit verlieren würde.The Isokorb KST is intended for connecting protruding steel components to steel structures. This consists of a tensile modulus and a pressure module, wherein in the pressure module between the two pressure rods, a hollow steel profile is welded as a reinforcing element. A disadvantage of this solution is in particular the fact that the cavity present in the pressure module can not be filled with insulating material, since any insulating material present there would lose its functionality due to the temperatures during the welding process.
Trotz der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen für Anschlüsse auskragender Stahl-Elemente an Stahl-Bauwerke besteht weiterhin ein Bedarf an statisch gut belastbaren und thermisch gut isolierenden Anschlusselementen insbesondere für Anschlüsse im Stahlbau.Despite the known from the prior art solutions for connections of cantilevered steel elements to steel structures, there is still a need for static well-loaded and thermally well insulating connection elements, especially for connections in steel construction.
Hier setzt die Erfindung an. Es soll ein Anschlusselement zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteil mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil zur Verfügung gestellt werden, das eine gute statische Belastbarkeit bei gleichzeitig guter thermischer Wärmedämmung aufweist. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Anschlusselement gemäß unabhängigem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Aspekte, Details und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung.This is where the invention starts. It is intended to be a connecting element for connecting a steel structural part with a steel outer part of the steel structural part upstream be provided, which has a good static load capacity with good thermal insulation at the same time. This object is achieved by the connection element according to
Das erfindungsgemäße Anschlusselement zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil weist ein vier Wandabschnitte aufweisendes Rechteckprofil auf, wobei das Rechteckprofil einen im eingebauten Zustand dem vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil benachbarten vorderen Wandabschnitt, einen im eingebauten Zustand dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil benachbarten, im Wesentlichen parallel zum vorderen Wandabschnitt verlaufenden hinteren Wandabschnitt und zwei, im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander und im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum vorderen und zum hinteren Wandabschnitt verlaufende, seitliche Wandabschnitte auf, wobei die Wandabschnitte einen Rechteckprofilinnenraum von einem Rechteckprofilaußenraum abgrenzen. Das Anschlusselement weist außerdem zumindest zwei, im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dem vorderen und zu dem hinteren Wandabschnitt des Rechteckprofils verlaufende, den vorderen und den hinteren Wandabschnitt des Rechteckprofils durchdringende Druckstäbe auf, wobei die Druckstäbe zumindest im Bereich des Rechteckprofilaußenraums dem Rechteckprofil benachbart mit jeweils zwei Außengewindeabschnitten ausgestattet sind. Schließlich weist das Anschlusselement zumindest vier, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordnete Gewindemuttern auf, wobei auf jeweils einem Druckstab jeweils zumindest zwei Gewindemuttern aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem vorderen Wandabschnitt und jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem hinteren Wandabschnitt angeordnet ist.The connecting element according to the invention for connecting a steel structural part with a steel outer part of the steel structural part has a rectangular profile having four wall sections, the rectangular profile having a front wall section adjacent to the upstream steel outer part in the installed state; Building part adjacent, substantially parallel to the front wall portion extending rear wall portion and two, substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear wall portion extending, lateral wall portions, wherein the wall portions delimit a rectangular profile interior of a rectangular profile outer space. The connecting element also has at least two pressure rods extending substantially perpendicular to the front and rear wall sections of the rectangular profile and penetrating the front and rear wall sections of the rectangular profile, the pressure bars being provided with at least two external thread sections adjacent to the rectangular profile at least in the area of the rectangular profile external space are. Finally, the connection element has at least four threaded nuts arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, wherein at least two threaded nuts are respectively screwed onto a pressure rod, one threaded nut adjacent to the front wall portion and one threaded nut adjacent to the rear wall portion.
Das erfindungsgemäße Anschlusselement ist mit dem besonderen Vorteil verbunden, dass das zur Übertragung der auftretenden Querkräfte vorgesehene Rechteckprofil oben und unten offen gestaltet und daher für das Einbringen von Dämmmaterial zugänglich ist. Damit wird eine deutlich verbesserte Wärmedämmung erreicht, was insbesondere im Falle von Objekten mit besonders hohen Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung.The connecting element according to the invention is associated with the particular advantage that provided for the transmission of transverse forces occurring rectangular profile designed open top and bottom and therefore is accessible for the introduction of insulation material. This will significantly improve Thermal insulation achieved, especially in the case of objects with particularly high requirements for thermal insulation.
Zudem treten bei großen Unterschieden in der Wärmeausdehnung der Stahl-Boden-/Deckenkonstruktion bzw. des auskragenden Stahl-Außenteils Scherkräfte als horizontale Zwangskräfte auf, die von dem Rechteckprofil in vorteilhafter Weise nahezu vollständig aufgenommen werden. Das Rechteckprofil kann sich dabei minimal in eine Trapez-Form verändern und so die Scherkräfte zulassen. Eine derartige Aufnahme von Scherkräften ist bei dem Bauelement der
Die Dimensionierung des Rechteckprofils richtet sich im Allgemeinen nach den statischen Anforderungen des spezifischen Anwendungsfalles und kann vom Fachmann in einfacher Weise berechnet und an die spezielle Situation angepasst werden. Bevorzugt beträgt die Breite b des Rechteckprofils (Ausdehnung des vorderen bzw. hinteren Wandabschnittes in im eingebauten Zustand horizontaler Richtung) zwischen 100 mm und 250 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 130 mm und 200 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 150 mm und 170 mm. Die Tiefe t des Rechteckprofils (Ausdehnung der seitlichen Wandabschnitte in im eingebauten Zustand horizontaler Richtung) beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 50 mm und 125 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 65 mm und 100 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 75 mm und 85 mm. Die Höhe h des Rechteckprofils (Ausdehnung des vorderen bzw. hinteren Wandabschnittes sowie der seitlichen Wandabschnitte in im eingebauten Zustand vertikaler Richtung) beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 30 mm und 100 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 45 mm und 85 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 55 mm und 75 mm. Die Dicke d der Wandung des Rechteckprofils beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 2 mm und 8 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 3 mm und 7 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 4 mm und 6 mm.The dimensioning of the rectangular profile is generally based on the static requirements of the specific application and can be calculated by the skilled person in a simple manner and adapted to the specific situation. Preferably, the width b of the rectangular profile (expansion of the front or rear wall portion in the installed state horizontal direction) between 100 mm and 250 mm, more preferably between 130 mm and 200 mm, particularly preferably between 150 mm and 170 mm. The depth t of the rectangular profile (expansion of the lateral wall sections in the installed state horizontal direction) is preferably between 50 mm and 125 mm, more preferably between 65 mm and 100 mm, particularly preferably between 75 mm and 85 mm. The height h of the rectangular profile (expansion of the front or rear wall section and the lateral wall sections in the installed state vertical direction) is preferably between 30 mm and 100 mm, more preferably between 45 mm and 85 mm, particularly preferably between 55 mm and 75 mm , The thickness d of the wall of the rectangular profile is preferably between 2 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 3 mm and 7 mm, particularly preferably between 4 mm and 6 mm.
An dieser Stelle soll darauf hingewiesen werden, dass unter dem Begriff "Rechteckprofil" kein Profil mit einer im horizontalen Schnitt im mathematischen Sinn exakt rechteckigen Form gemeint ist. Wie auch aus den Figuren der vorliegenden Anmeldung zu ersehen ist, können die Ecken des Rechteckprofils beispielsweise abgerundet sein. Von dem Begriff "Rechteckprofil" sind auch andere, leichte Abweichungen von einer rechteckigen Form umfasst. Als Sonderfall eines Rechtecks fällt auch eine quadratische Form unter den Begriff "Rechteckprofil".It should be noted at this point that the term "rectangular profile" does not mean a profile with a horizontal shape in the mathematical sense exactly rectangular shape. As can also be seen from the figures of the present application, the corners of the rectangular profile can be rounded, for example. The term "rectangular profile" also includes other slight deviations from a rectangular shape. As a special case of a rectangle, a square shape also falls under the term "rectangular profile".
Die kraftschlüssige Verbindung von Rechteckprofil und Druckstäben wird durch die im Bereich des Rechteckprofilaußenraums dem Rechteckprofil benachbart vorgesehenen Außengewindeabschnitte und den darauf aufgeschraubten Gewindemuttern sichergestellt.The frictional connection of rectangular profile and pressure bars is ensured by the adjacent in the region of the rectangular profile outer space the rectangular profile provided external thread sections and the threaded nuts screwed thereon.
Bevorzugt verlaufen die beiden Druckstäbe im Wesentlichen in einer gemeinsamen Ebene, insbesondere im Wesentlichen in einer horizontalen Ebene. Unter dem Ausdruck "im Wesentlichen in einer gemeinsamen Ebene" ist zu verstehen, dass die beiden Druckstäbe bis auf fertigungstechnisch bedingte Abweichungen in einer gemeinsamen Ebene verlaufen. Stahl-Außenteile wie beispielsweise Balkone werden in der Regel in einer horizontalen Ebene am Bauwerk befestigt. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Ebene, in der die beiden Druckstäbe verlaufen, in vertikaler Richtung unterhalb der Schwerpunktebene des vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteils. In diesem Fall ist eine besonders effektive Übertragung der durch das vorgelagerte Stahl-Außenteil verursachten Druckkräfte auf das Bauwerksteil möglich.Preferably, the two pressure rods are substantially in a common plane, in particular substantially in a horizontal plane. The term "essentially in a common plane" is to be understood that the two pressure rods run except for production-related deviations in a common plane. Steel exterior parts such as balconies are usually mounted in a horizontal plane on the building. Particularly preferably, the plane in which the two pressure bars extend, in the vertical direction below the focal plane of the upstream steel outer part. In this case, a particularly effective transmission of the pressure forces on the structural part caused by the upstream steel outer part is possible.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform verlaufen in dem Rechteckprofilinnenraum ausschließlich Druckstäbe. Diese Ausgestaltung des Anschlusselements gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bringt zum Ausdruck, dass das zur Übertragung der auftretenden Querkräfte vorgesehene Rechteckprofil sämtliche auftretenden Querkräfte vollständig aufnimmt und ableitet. Es sind also keine zusätzlichen Verstrebungen oder Versteifungselemente an oder in dem Rechteckprofil erforderlich.According to a further preferred embodiment, exclusively pressure rods run in the rectangular profile interior. This embodiment of the connection element according to the present invention expresses that the rectangular profile provided for transmitting the occurring transverse forces completely absorbs and dissipates all occurring transverse forces. So there are no additional bracing or stiffening elements on or in the rectangular profile required.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Druckstäbe im Bereich des Rechteckprofilinnenraums mit jeweils einem Außengewindeabschnitt ausgestattet. Besonders bevorzugt sind in dem Rechteckprofilinnenraum zumindest vier Gewindemuttern vorgesehen, wobei auf jeweils einem Druckstab jeweils zumindest zwei, im Rechteckprofilinnenraum angeordnete Gewindemuttern aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem vorderen Wandabschnitt und jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem hinteren Wandabschnitt angeordnet ist. Diese Ausführungsform vereinfacht die innerhalb des Rechteckprofilinnenraums erforderliche Fixierung des Rechteckprofils an den Druckstäben deutlich. Die ansonsten erforderliche Schweißverbindung entfällt vollständig.According to a preferred embodiment, the pressure rods in the region of the rectangular profile interior are each equipped with an external thread section. At least four threaded nuts are particularly preferably provided in the rectangular profile interior, wherein in each case at least two threaded nuts arranged in the rectangular profile inner thread are screwed on, each having a threaded nut adjacent to the front wall section and one threaded nut adjacent to the rear wall section. This embodiment considerably simplifies the fixation of the rectangular profile on the pressure rods required within the rectangular profile interior. The otherwise required welding connection is completely eliminated.
Es soll darauf hingewiesen werden, dass das erfindungsgemäße Anschlusselement trotzdem mit Schweißpunkten ausgestattet sein kann. Insbesondere können die im Rechteckprofilinnenraum angeordneten Gewindemuttern zur Lagefixierung durch jeweils zumindest einen Schweißpunkt mit dem jeweiligen Druckstab fest verbunden werden. Im Fall von in dem Rechteckprofil vorgesehenen Langlöchern können außerdem zwischen den Gewindemuttern und dem Rechteckprofil Schweißpunkte vorgesehen sein, um sicher zu stellen, dass der Druckstab in der Mitte des jeweiligen Langlochs verläuft. Treten dann im eingebauten Zustand Scher- bzw. Zwangskräfte auf, so wird der Schweißpunkt zwischen Gewindemutter und Rechteckprofil gewaltsam gelöst, sodass sich der Druckstab im Langloch bewegen kann.It should be pointed out that the connecting element according to the invention can nevertheless be equipped with welding spots. In particular, the arranged in the rectangular profile interior threaded nuts for fixing the position can be firmly connected by at least one welding point with the respective pressure rod. In the case of provided in the rectangular profile slots may also be provided between the threaded nuts and the rectangular profile welds to ensure that the push rod runs in the middle of the respective slot. If shearing or forced forces then occur when installed, the spot weld between the nut and the rectangular profile is forcibly released so that the pressure rod can move in the slot.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist im Rechteckprofilinnenraum ein Isolierkörper angeordnet. Wie bereits beschrieben ist das erfindungsgemäße Anschlusselement mit dem besonderen Vorteil verbunden, dass das zur Übertragung der auftretenden Querkräfte vorgesehene Rechteckprofil oben und unten offen gestaltet und daher für das Einbringen von Dämmmaterial zugänglich ist. Wird der Rechteckprofilinnenraum mit Dämmmaterial ausgefüllt, so wird eine deutlich verbesserte Wärmedämmung erreicht, was insbesondere im Falle von Objekten mit besonders hohen Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung von Bauwerken mit beispielsweise Balkonen einen Vorteil darstellt.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, an insulating body is arranged in the rectangular profile interior. As already described, the connection element according to the invention is associated with the particular advantage that the rectangular profile provided for transmitting the occurring transverse forces is designed to be open at the top and bottom and therefore accessible for the introduction of insulating material. If the rectangular profile interior filled with insulating material, a significantly improved thermal insulation is achieved, which is an advantage, especially in the case of objects with particularly high demands on the thermal insulation of buildings with, for example, balconies.
Vorteilhaft ist zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordneten, dem vorderen Wandabschnitt benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem vorderen Wandabschnitt jeweils zumindest eine, von jeweils einem Druckstab durchsetzte Unterlegscheibe angeordnet. Besonders bevorzugt ist auch zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordneten, dem hinteren Wandabschnitt benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem hinteren Wandabschnitt jeweils zumindest eine, von jeweils einem Druckstab durchsetzte Unterlegscheibe angeordnet.Advantageously, between the two arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the front wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the front wall portion each arranged at least one, penetrated by a respective pressure rod washer. Particularly preferably, between the two arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the rear wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the rear wall portion each arranged at least one, penetrated by a respective pressure rod washer.
Alternativ zu den Unterlegscheiben kann zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordneten, dem vorderen Wandabschnitt benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem vorderen Wandabschnitt jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet sein, das von jeweils einem Druckstab durchsetzt wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist auch zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordneten, dem hinteren Wandabschnitt benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem hinteren Wandabschnitt jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet, das von jeweils einem Druckstab durchsetzt wird. Mit der Verwendung von Kegelpfanne und Kugelscheibe ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass auch asymmetrisch auf das Druckanschlusselement einwirkende Kräfte immer vollflächig auf den jeweiligen Wandabschnitt übertragen werden.As an alternative to the washers, at least one cooperating pair of a conical socket and a spherical disk, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod, can be arranged between the two threaded nuts arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the front wall section adjacent to the front wall section. Particularly preferably, at least one cooperating pair of a conical socket and a spherical disk are arranged between the two arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the rear wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the rear wall portion, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod. With the use of conical socket and spherical disc has the advantage that also asymmetrically acting on the pressure connection element forces are always transmitted over the entire surface of the respective wall section.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in dem vorderen und dem hinteren Wandabschnitt des Rechteckprofils jeweils zwei, im eingebauten Zustand horizontal verlaufende Langlöcher vorgesehen, wobei die Druckstäbe den vorderen und den hinteren Wandabschnitt des Rechteckprofils durch jeweils zwei Langlöcher durchdringen, wobei jeweils ein Druckstab jeweils ein Langloch im vorderen und ein Langloch im hinteren Wandabschnitt durchdringt. Wie bereits erwähnt treten bei großen Unterschieden in der Wärmeausdehnung der Stahl-Boden-/Deckenkonstruktion bzw. des auskragenden Stahl-Außenteils Scherkräfte als horizontale Zwangskräfte auf, die von dem Rechteckprofil in vorteilhafter Weise gut aufgenommen werden. Das Rechteckprofil kann sich dabei minimal in eine Trapez-Form verändern und so die Scherkräfte zulassen. Die Aufnahme der Scherkräfte wird durch die horizontal verlaufenden Langlöcher in vorteilhafter Weise unterstützt. Die die Langlöcher durchdringenden Druckstäbe besitzen aufgrund der Langlöcher eine gewissen Bewegungsfreiheit in horizontaler Richtung, wodurch der Aufnahme der Scherkräfte kein Widerstand entgegengesetzt wird.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, two, in the installed state horizontally extending slots are provided in the front and the rear wall portion of the rectangular profile, wherein the pressure bars penetrate the front and the rear wall portion of the rectangular profile through two slots, each having a push rod each penetrates a slot in the front and a slot in the rear wall section. As already mentioned, with great differences in the thermal expansion of the steel floor / ceiling construction or of the cantilevered steel outer part, shear forces act as horizontal constraining forces, which are advantageously absorbed by the rectangular profile in an advantageous manner. The rectangular profile can be minimally changed into a trapezoidal shape and thus allow the shear forces. The Recording the shear forces is supported by the horizontally extending slots in an advantageous manner. The elongated holes penetrating pressure rods have due to the slots a certain freedom of movement in the horizontal direction, whereby the recording of the shear forces no resistance is opposed.
Wie bereits erwähnt treten bei großen Unterschieden in der Wärmeausdehnung der Stahl-Boden-/Deckenkonstruktion bzw. des auskragenden Stahl-Außenteils Zwangskräfte auf, die von dem Anschlusselement toleriert werden müssen. Aufgrund der Führung der Druckstäbe durch die im eingebauten Zustand horizontal verlaufenden Langlöcher wird erreicht, dass sich die Druckstäbe in horizontaler Richtung verschieben können und so unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungen von Stahl-Außenteil und Bauwerk aufnehmen. Dabei sind die Langlöcher ganz besonders bevorzugt so dimensioniert, dass ihre Ausdehnung in im eingebauten Zustand vertikaler Richtung im Wesentlichen dem Durchmesser der Druckstäbe entspricht. In Richtung der auftretenden Querkräfte ist dann kein Spiel zwischen Rechteckprofil und Druckstäben vorhanden, wodurch die Querkräfte sicher und vollständig übertragen werden.As already mentioned, large differences in the thermal expansion of the steel floor / ceiling construction or of the cantilevered steel outer part result in constraining forces which must be tolerated by the connection element. Due to the guidance of the pressure bars by the horizontally extending slots in the installed state ensures that the pressure rods can move in the horizontal direction and thus absorb different thermal expansion of steel outer part and structure. In this case, the elongated holes are very particularly preferably dimensioned so that their extent in the installed state of a vertical direction substantially corresponds to the diameter of the pressure rods. In the direction of the transverse forces occurring then no clearance between the rectangular profile and pressure bars is present, whereby the shear forces are transmitted securely and completely.
Die in dem erfindungsgemäßen Anschlusselement vorgesehenen Druckstäbe, Rechteckprofil und Gewindemuttern werden bevorzugt alle aus Metall, zum Schutz gegen Korrosion und wegen der geringeren Wärmeleitfähigkeit insbesondere aus rostfreiem, also nicht rostendem Stahl gefertigt.The pressure rods, rectangular profile and threaded nuts provided in the connecting element according to the invention are preferably all made of metal, for protection against corrosion and because of the lower thermal conductivity, in particular made of stainless, that is stainless steel.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch die verschiedenen möglichen Kombinationen der einzelnen oben genannten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen. In allen Fällen führt die Kombination der einzelnen, näher spezifizierten Elemente zu einer Kombination der mit diesen einzelnen Elementen verbundenen Vorteile, was zu ganz besonders gut geeigneten, statisch hoch belastbaren und gleichzeitig gut wärmegedämmten Anschlusselementen führt.The present invention also includes the various possible combinations of the individual preferred embodiments mentioned above. In all cases, the combination of the individual elements specified in more detail leads to a combination of the advantages associated with these individual elements, which leads to particularly well suited, statically high load-bearing and at the same time well-insulated connecting elements.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch eine Anordnung zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil aufweisend eines der oben beschriebenen Anschlusselemente sowie ein Zuganschlusselement. Das Zuganschlusselement weist zumindest ein, im eingebauten Zustand dem vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil benachbartes vorderes Plattenelement und zumindest ein im eingebauten Zustand dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil benachbartes, im Wesentlichen parallel zum vorderen Plattenelement verlaufendes hinteres Plattenelement auf. Das vordere Plattenelement und das hintere Plattenelement weisen im eingebauten Zustand jeweils einen ersten seitlichen Rand, einen an den ersten seitlichen Rand anschließenden oberen Rand, einen an den oberen Rand anschließenden und dem ersten seitlichen Rand gegenüberliegenden zweiten seitlichen Rand und einen an den zweiten seitlichen Rand anschließenden und dem oberen Rand gegenüberliegenden unteren Rand auf. Die Plattenelemente, eine den ersten seitlichen Rand des vorderen Plattenelements und den ersten seitlichen Rand des hinteren Plattenelements enthaltende Ebene und eine den zweiten seitlichen Rand des vorderen Plattenelements und den zweiten seitlichen Rand des hinteren Plattenelements enthaltende Ebene grenzen einen Zuganschlusselementinnenraum von einem Zuganschlusselementaußenraum ab. Das Zuganschlusselement weist außerdem zumindest zwei, im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dem vorderen und zu dem hinteren Plattenelement verlaufende, das vordere und das hintere Plattenelement durchdringende Zugstäbe auf, wobei die Zugstäbe zumindest im Bereich des Zuganschlusselementaußenraums den Plattenelementen benachbart mit jeweils zwei Außengewindeabschnitten ausgestattet sind. Schließlich weist das Zuganschlusselement zumindest vier, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordnete Gewindemuttern auf, wobei auf jeweils einen Zugstab jeweils zumindest zwei Gewindemuttern aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem vorderen Plattenelement und jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem hinteren Plattenelement angeordnet ist.The present invention also includes an arrangement for connecting a steel structural part with a steel outer part upstream of the steel structural part having one of the above-described connecting elements and a Zuganschlusselement. The Zuganschlusselement has at least one, in the installed state of the upstream steel outer part adjacent front plate member and at least one in the installed state adjacent to the steel structure part, extending substantially parallel to the front plate member rear plate member. When installed, the front plate element and the rear plate element each have a first lateral edge, an upper edge adjoining the first lateral edge, a second lateral edge adjoining the upper edge and opposite the first lateral edge, and one adjoining the second lateral edge and the upper edge opposite lower edge. The plate members, a plane containing the first side edge of the front plate member and the first side edge of the rear plate member, and a plane containing the second side edge of the front plate member and the second side edge of the rear plate member define a traction member interior from a traction member outer space. The tension connection element also has at least two tension rods penetrating the front and rear plate elements substantially perpendicular to the front and rear plate elements, the tension rods being provided at least in the area of the Zuganschlusselementaußenraum the plate elements adjacent each with two male threaded portions. Finally, the Zuganschlusselement has at least four, arranged in the Zuganschlusselementaußenraum threaded nuts, each screwed to at least two threaded nuts are each screwed to a pull rod, each having a threaded nut adjacent to the front plate member and a respective threaded nut adjacent to the rear plate member.
Mit der Anordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein komplettes Element für den Anschluss eines Stahl-Außenteils an ein Stahl-Bauwerksteil zur Verfügung gestellt, durch das alle auftretenden Kräfte, also Zug-, Druck- und Querkräfte sicher und zuverlässig auf das Stahl-Bauwerksteil übertagen werden. Die im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Anschlusselement bereits beschriebenen Vorteile, dass nämlich das zur Übertragung der auftretenden Querkräfte vorgesehene Rechteckprofil oben und unten offen gestaltet ist und daher für das Einbringen von Dämmmaterial zugänglich ist, womit eine deutlich verbesserte Wärmedämmung erreicht wird, und dass bei großen Unterschieden in der Wärmeausdehnung der Boden-/Deckenplatte bzw. des auskragenden Stahl-Außenteils Zwangskräfte auftreten, die von dem Rechteckprofil in vorteilhafter Weise gut aufgenommen werden, ergeben sich auch im Zusammenhang mit der Anordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.With the arrangement according to the present invention, a complete element for the connection of a steel outer part is made available to a steel structure part through which all forces, ie tensile, compressive and shear forces transmitted safely and reliably to the steel structure part become. The advantages already described in connection with the connecting element according to the invention, namely that the rectangular profile provided for the transmission of the occurring transverse forces is designed to be open at the top and bottom and therefore is accessible for the introduction of insulating material, whereby a significantly improved thermal insulation is achieved, and that occur in large differences in the thermal expansion of the floor / ceiling plate or the cantilevered steel outer part constraining forces that are well received by the rectangular profile in an advantageous manner, also arise in connection with the arrangement according to the present invention.
Bevorzugt verlaufen die beiden Zugstäbe im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene, insbesondere im Wesentlichen in einer horizontalen Ebene. Unter dem Ausdruck "im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene" ist zu verstehen, dass die beiden Zugstäbe bis auf fertigungstechnisch bedingte Abweichungen in einer Ebene verlaufen. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Ebene, in der die beiden Zugstäbe verlaufen, in vertikaler Richtung oberhalb der Schwerpunktebene des vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteils. In diesem Fall ist eine besonders effektive Übertragung der durch das vorgelagerte Stahl-Außenteil verursachten Zugkräfte auf das Bauwerksteil möglich.The two tension rods preferably extend essentially in one plane, in particular substantially in a horizontal plane. The expression "substantially in one plane" means that the two tension rods extend in a plane except for production-related deviations. Particularly preferably, the plane in which the two tension rods extend, in the vertical direction above the focal plane of the upstream steel outer part. In this case, a particularly effective transmission of the tensile forces caused by the upstream steel outer part on the building part is possible.
Die kraftschlüssige Verbindung von Zuganschlusselement und Zugstäben wird durch die im Bereich des Zuganschlusselementaußenraums dem Zuganschlusselement benachbart vorgesehenen Außengewindeabschnitte und den darauf aufgeschraubten Gewindemuttern sichergestellt.The frictional connection of the Zuganschlusselement and Zugstäben is ensured by the in the region of the Zuganschlusselementaußenraums the Zuganschlusselement adjacent provided external thread sections and screwed thereon nuts.
Besonders bevorzugt verlaufen die beiden Zugstäbe im Wesentlichen in einer horizontalen Ebene. Stahl-Außenteile wie beispielsweise Balkone werden in der Regel in einer horizontalen Ebene am Bauwerk befestigt. In diesem Fall ist eine besonders effektive Übertragung der in der horizontal ausgerichteten Ebene der vorgelagerten Platte auftretenden Kräfte durch die ebenfalls in einer horizontalen Ebene verlaufenden Zugstäbe auf das Bauwerksteil möglich.Particularly preferably, the two tension rods extend substantially in a horizontal plane. Steel exterior parts such as balconies are usually mounted in a horizontal plane on the building. In this case, a particularly effective transmission of the forces occurring in the horizontally oriented plane of the upstream plate is possible by the also extending in a horizontal plane tie rods on the building part.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Zugstäbe im Bereich des Zuganschlusselementinnenraums mit jeweils einem Außengewindeabschnitt ausgestattet. Besonders bevorzugt sind in dem Zuganschlusselementinnenraum zumindest vier Gewindemuttern vorgesehen, wobei auf jeweils einem Zugstab jeweils zumindest zwei, im Zuganschlusselementinnenraum angeordnete Gewindemuttern aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem vorderen Plattenelement und jeweils eine Gewindemutter benachbart zu dem hinteren Plattenelement angeordnet ist. Diese Ausführungsform vereinfacht die innerhalb des Zuganschlusselementinnenraums erforderliche Fixierung des vorderen und des hinteren Plattenelements an den Zugstäben deutlich.According to a preferred embodiment, the tension rods are provided in the region of the Zuganschlusselementinnenraums each having an outer threaded portion. At least four threaded nuts are particularly preferably provided in the Zuganschlusselementinnenraum, wherein in each case at least two, in the Zuganschlusselementinnenraum arranged threaded nuts are screwed on each of a tension rod, wherein in each case a threaded nut adjacent to the front plate member and a respective nut is disposed adjacent to the rear plate member. This embodiment considerably simplifies the fixation of the front and rear plate elements on the tension rods required within the Zuganschlusselementinnenraums.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist im Zuganschlusselementinnenraum ein Isolierkörper angeordnet. Wird der Zuganschlusselementinnenraum mit Dämmmaterial ausgefüllt, so wird eine deutlich verbesserte Wärmedämmung erreicht, was insbesondere im Falle von Objekten mit besonders hohen Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung mit beispielsweise Balkonen einen Vorteil darstellt.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, an insulating body is arranged in the Zuganschlusselementinnenraum. If the Zuganschlusselementinnenraum filled with insulating material, a significantly improved thermal insulation is achieved, which is an advantage, especially in the case of objects with particularly high demands on the thermal insulation with balconies, for example.
Vorteilhaft ist zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordneten, dem vorderen Plattenelement benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem vorderen Plattenelement jeweils zumindest eine, von jeweils einem Zugstab durchsetzte Unterlegscheibe angeordnet. Besonders bevorzugt ist auch zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordneten, dem hinteren Plattenelement benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem hinteren Plattenelement jeweils zumindest eine, von jeweils einem Zugstab durchsetzte Unterlegscheibe angeordnet.Advantageously, between the two arranged in the Zuganschlusselementaußenraum, the front plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the front plate member each arranged at least one, penetrated by a respective tie rod washer. Particularly preferably, between the two arranged in Zuganschlusselementaußenraum, the rear plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the rear plate member in each case at least one, penetrated by a respective tie rod washer is arranged.
Alternativ zu den Unterlegscheiben kann zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordneten, dem vorderen Plattenelement benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem vorderen Plattenelement jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet sein, das von jeweils einem Zugstab durchsetzt wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist auch zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordneten, dem hinteren Plattenelement benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem hinteren Plattenelement jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet, das von jeweils einem Zugstab durchsetzt wird. Mit der Verwendung von Kegelpfanne und Kugelscheibe ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass auch asymmetrisch auf das Zuganschlusselement einwirkende Kräfte immer vollflächig auf das jeweilige Plattenelement übertragen werden.As an alternative to the washers, at least one co-operating pair of a conical socket and a spherical disk, which is penetrated by a respective pull rod, can be arranged between the two threaded nuts adjacent to the front plate element and the front plate element in the Zuganschlusselementaußenraum. Particularly preferably, between the two arranged in Zuganschlusselementaußenraum, the rear plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the rear plate member each have at least one cooperating pair of a conical cup and a spherical disc, which is penetrated by a respective tie rod. With the use of conical socket and spherical disc has the advantage that also asymmetric on the Zuganschlusselement acting forces are always transferred over the entire surface of the respective plate element.
In dem vorderen und dem hinteren Plattenelement können jeweils zwei, im eingebauten Zustand horizontal verlaufende Langlöcher vorgesehen sein, wobei die Zugstäbe das vordere und das hintere Plattenelement durch jeweils zwei Langlöcher durchdringen, wobei jeweils ein Zugstab jeweils ein Langloch im vorderen und ein Langloch im hinteren Plattenelement durchdringt. Bevorzugt werden aber Ausführungsformen der Anordnung zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil, bei denen nur das Druckanschlusselement Langlöcher aufweist. Die mit diesen Langlöchern verbundenen Vorteile wurden oben bereits beschrieben.In the front and the rear plate member in each case two, in the installed state horizontally extending slots may be provided, wherein the tension rods penetrate the front and the rear plate member by two slots, each having a tie rod in each case a slot in the front and a slot in the rear plate member penetrates. But are preferred embodiments of the arrangement for connecting a steel structure part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part, in which only the pressure connection element has slots. The advantages associated with these slotted holes have already been described above.
Bevorzugt werden also Ausführungsformen, bei denen das Druckanschlusselement mit Langlöchern ausgestattet ist und das Zuganschlusselement keine Langlöcher aufweist. In diesem Fall ist zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordneten, dem vorderen Plattenelement benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem vorderen Plattenelement jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet, das von jeweils einem Zugstab durchsetzt wird. Bevorzugt ist in solchen Ausführungsformen auch zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum angeordneten, dem hinteren Plattenelement benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem hinteren Plattenelement jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet, das von jeweils einem Zugstab durchsetzt wird.Thus, embodiments are preferred in which the pressure connection element is equipped with slots and the Zuganschlusselement has no slots. In this case, between the two arranged in the Zuganschlusselementaußenraum, the front plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the front plate member each having at least one cooperating pair of a cone socket and a spherical disc is arranged, which is penetrated by a respective tie rod. Preferably, in such embodiments, at least one cooperating pair of a conical cup and a spherical disc is arranged between the two arranged in the Zuganschlusselementaußenraum, the rear plate member adjacent threaded nuts and the rear plate member each, which is penetrated by a respective tie rod.
Denkbar sind aber auch Ausführungsformen, bei denen das Zuganschlusselement mit Langlöchern ausgestattet ist und das Druckanschlusselement keine Langlöcher aufweist. In diesem Fall ist zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordneten, dem vorderen Wandabschnitt benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem vorderen Wandabschnitt jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet, das von jeweils einem Druckstab durchsetzt wird. Bevorzugt ist in solchen Ausführungsformen auch zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum angeordneten, dem hinteren Wandabschnitt benachbarten Gewindemuttern und dem hinteren Wandabschnitt jeweils zumindest ein zusammenwirkendes Paar einer Kegelpfanne und einer Kugelscheibe angeordnet, das von jeweils einem Druckstab durchsetzt wird.Conceivable, however, are embodiments in which the Zuganschlusselement is equipped with slots and the pressure connection element has no slots. In this case, between the two arranged in the rectangular profile outer space, the front wall portion adjacent threaded nuts and the front wall portion each arranged at least one cooperating pair of conical pan and a spherical disc, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod. In such embodiments, the rear wall section is preferably also arranged between the two, arranged in the rectangular profile outer space adjacent threaded nuts and the rear wall portion each arranged at least one cooperating pair of a cone socket and a spherical disk, which is penetrated by a respective pressure rod.
Die in der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung vorgesehenen Druckstäbe, Zugstäbe, Rechteckprofil, Plattenelemente und Gewindemuttern werden bevorzugt alle aus Metall, zum Schutz gegen Korrosion und wegen der geringeren Wärmeleitfähigkeit insbesondere aus rostfreiem, also nicht rostendem Stahl gefertigt.The pressure bars, tension bars, rectangular profile, plate elements and threaded nuts provided in the arrangement according to the invention are preferably all made of metal, for protection against corrosion and because of the lower thermal conductivity, in particular made of stainless, that is stainless steel.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Zuganschlusselement im eingebauten Zustand vertikal über dem Anschlusselement angeordnet und zwar derart, dass der vordere Wandabschnitt des Anschlusselements und das vordere Plattenelement des Zuganschlusselement in einer Ebene liegen und dass der hintere Wandabschnitt des Anschlusselements und das hintere Plattenelement des Zuganschlusselements in einer Ebene liegen. Die Anordnung kann in diesem Fall bündig an das Stahl-Außenteil und bündig an das Stahl-Bauwerksteil angelegt werden, wodurch eine besonders effektive und dauerhafte Übertragung der auftretenden Kräfte sichergesellt wird.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Zuganschlusselement is mounted vertically above the connection element in such a manner that the front wall portion of the connection element and the front plate member of the Zuganschlusselement lying in a plane and that the rear wall portion of the connection element and the rear plate member of the Zuganschlusselements lying in a plane. The arrangement can be applied in this case flush with the steel outer part and flush with the steel structure part, whereby a particularly effective and durable transmission of the forces occurring is gesesesellt.
Besonders bevorzugt sind das im eingebauten Zustand vertikal über dem Anschlusselement angeordnete Zuganschlusselement und das Anschlusselement durch eine Zwischenschicht aus Dämmmaterial voneinander beabstandet. Die gesamte Anordnung ist in diesem Fall lediglich mit Ausnahme der zur Kraftübertragung erforderlichen Elemente Zugstäbe, Druckstäbe, vorderer Wandabschnitt, hinterer Wandabschnitt, vorderes Plattenelement und hinteres Plattenelement, vollständig von Dämmmaterial umgeben und weist im Hinblick auf die Wärmedämmung entsprechend gute Eigenschaften auf.Particularly preferably, in the installed state vertically above the connection element arranged Zuganschlusselement and the connection element are spaced apart by an intermediate layer of insulating material. The entire arrangement is in this case only with the exception of the elements required for the transmission tension rods, push rods, front wall section, rear wall section, front plate member and rear plate member completely surrounded by insulating material and has in terms of thermal insulation correspondingly good properties.
Die aus einem Anschlusselement sowie einem Zuganschlusselement bestehende Anordnung zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil weist besonders bevorzugt eine aus vier Dämmelementen bestehende Wärmedämmung auf. Bei den vier Dämmelementen handelt es sich um ein im eingebauten Zustand oberes Dämmelement, das bis zur Höhe der Zugstäbe reicht, um ein unteres Dämmelement mit einer Aussparung für das Rechteckprofil, das von unten her bis zur Höhe der Zugstäbe reicht, sowie um ein zweiteiliges kleineres Dämmelement, welches in das Rechteckprofil eingesetzt wird, wobei die beiden Teile von beiden Seiten bis an die Druckstäbe heranreichen.The existing of a connection element and a Zuganschlusselement arrangement for connecting a steel structure part with a steel structural part upstream steel outer part particularly preferably has a four insulation elements existing thermal insulation. The four insulating elements is a built-in upper insulating element, which extends to the height of the tie rods to a lower insulating element with a recess for the rectangular profile, which extends from the bottom up to the height of the tension rods, as well as a two-piece smaller insulating element which is inserted into the rectangular profile, the two parts reaching from both sides to the pressure rods.
Die im Zusammenhang mit dem Anschlusselement beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsformen und deren Vorteile treffen ebenso für die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zu.The preferred embodiments described in connection with the connection element and their advantages also apply to the arrangement according to the invention.
Es soll noch darauf hingewiesen werden, dass die Anordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht notwendigerweise immer genau ein Anschlusselement und genau ein Zuganschlusselement aufweisen muss. Vielmehr umfasst die Anordnung zumindest ein Anschlusselement und zumindest ein Zuganschlusselement. In einer Anordnung zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil können also auch 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder mehr im eingebauten Zustand über- und/oder nebeneinander angeordnete Anschlusselemente und auch 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder mehr im eingebauten Zustand über- und/oder nebeneinander angeordnete Zuganschlusselemente vorgesehen sein. In der Regel entspricht die Anzahl an Anschlusselementen der Anzahl an Zuganschlusselementen, sie kann aber auch davon abweichen, es kann also eine unterschiedliche Anzahl an Anschlusselementen und Zuganschlusselementen in einer Anordnung eingesetzt werden. Die Dimensionierung der Anordnung und damit die Anzahl an Anschlusselementen und Zuganschlusselementen richtet sich im Allgemeinen nach den statischen Anforderungen des spezifischen Anwendungsfalles und kann vom Fachmann in einfacher Weise berechnet und an die spezielle Situation angepasst werden.It should also be pointed out that the arrangement according to the present invention does not necessarily always have to have exactly one connection element and exactly one tension connection element. Rather, the arrangement comprises at least one connecting element and at least one Zuganschlusselement. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more in the installed state over and / or juxtaposed connection elements and also 2, 3, in an arrangement for connecting a steel structure part with a steel structural part upstream steel
Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden die verschiedenen möglichen Kombinationen der oben genannten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen. In allen Fällen führt die Kombination der einzelnen, näher spezifizierten Elemente zu einer Kombination der mit diesen einzelnen Elementen verbundenen Vorteile, was zu ganz besonders gut geeigneten, statisch hoch belastbaren und gleichzeitig gut wärmegedämmten Anordnung zum Verbinden eines Stahl-Bauwerksteils mit einem dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil führt.Very particular preference is given to the various possible combinations of the abovementioned preferred embodiments. In all cases, the combination of the individual, more specifically specified elements leads to a combination of the advantages associated with these individual elements, resulting in a particularly well-suited, highly static and at the same time well-insulated arrangement for connecting a steel structural part to a steel structural part upstream steel outer part leads.
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Anschlusselement in schematischer Darstellung;
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf ein Zuganschlusselement gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung;
- Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Anordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a plan view of an inventive connecting element in a schematic representation;
- Fig. 2
- a plan view of a Zuganschlusselement according to the present invention in a schematic representation;
- Fig. 3
- a perspective view of an arrangement according to the present invention in a schematic representation.
Das Anschlusselement 1 weist ein vier Wandabschnitte aufweisendes, aus Edelstahl gefertigtes Rechteckprofil 2 auf, wobei das Rechteckprofil 2 einen im eingebauten Zustand dem vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil benachbarten vorderen Wandabschnitt 3, einen im eingebauten Zustand dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil benachbarten, im Wesentlichen parallel zum vorderen Wandabschnitt 3 verlaufenden hinteren Wandabschnitt 4 und zwei, im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander und im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum vorderen und zum hinteren Wandabschnitt verlaufende, seitliche Wandabschnitte 5, 6 aufweist. Die Wandabschnitte 3, 4, 5, 6 grenzen den Rechteckprofilinnenraum 7 vom Rechteckprofilaußenraum 8 ab. Die Breite b des Rechteckprofils beträgt 160 mm, die Tiefe t beträgt 80 mm und die Dicke d der Wandung beträgt 5 mm. Die Höhe h des Rechteckprofils (siehe
Das Anschlusselement 1 weist außerdem zwei, im eingebauten Zustand im Wesentlichen horizontal in einer gemeinsamen Ebene und im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dem vorderen und zu dem hinteren Wandabschnitt des Rechteckprofils 2 verlaufende, den vorderen und den hinteren Wandabschnitt 3, 4 des Rechteckprofils 2 durchdringende Druckstäbe 9, 10 auf, wobei die Druckstäbe 9, 10 im Bereich des Rechteckprofilaußenraums 8 dem Rechteckprofil 2 benachbart mit jeweils zwei Außengewindeabschnitten 11a, 12a, 11 b, 12b und im Bereich des Rechteckprofilinnenraums 7 mit jeweils einem Außengewindeabschnitt 17, 18 ausgestattet sind.The connecting
Das Anschlusselement 1 weist vier, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum 8 angeordnete Gewindemuttern 13, 14, 15, 16 auf, wobei auf jeweils einem Druckstab 9, 10 jeweils zwei Gewindemuttern 13, 14, 15, 16 aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter 13, 14 benachbart zu dem vorderen Wandabschnitt 3 und jeweils eine Gewindemutter 15, 16 benachbart zu dem hinteren Wandabschnitt 4 angeordnet ist. Außerdem weist das Anschlusselement 1 vier, im Rechteckprofilinnenraum 7 angeordnete Gewindemuttern 19, 20, 21, 22 auf, wobei auf jeweils einem Druckstab 9, 10 jeweils zumindest zwei, im Rechteckprofilinnenraum 7 angeordnete Gewindemuttern 19, 20, 21, 22 aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter 19, 20 benachbart zu dem vorderen Wandabschnitt 3 und jeweils eine Gewindemutter 21, 22 benachbart zu dem hinteren Wandabschnitt 4 angeordnet ist.The
Zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum 8 angeordneten, dem vorderen Wandabschnitt 3 benachbarten Gewindemuttern 13, 14 und dem vorderen Wandabschnitt 3 sind jeweils zwei, von jeweils einem Druckstab 9, 10 durchsetzte Unterlegscheiben 24, 25 angeordnet. Analog sind zwischen den beiden, im Rechteckprofilaußenraum 8 angeordneten, dem hinteren Wandabschnitt 4 benachbarten Gewindemuttern 15, 16 und dem hinteren Wandabschnitt 4 jeweils zwei, von jeweils einem Druckstab 9, 10 durchsetzte Unterlegscheiben 26, 27 angeordnet.Between the two arranged in the rectangular profile
Im Rechteckprofilinnenraum 7 ist zur Verbesserung der wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften ein Isolierkörper 23 angeordnet, wobei zur besseren Darstellung lediglich der unterhalb der Druckstäbe 9, 10 angeordnete Teil des Isolierkörpers gezeigt ist.In the rectangular profile interior 7, an insulating
In dem vorderen und dem hinteren Wandabschnitt 3, 4 des Rechteckprofils 2 sind jeweils zwei, im eingebauten Zustand horizontal verlaufende Langlöcher vorgesehen (nicht gezeigt). Die Druckstäbe 9, 10 durchdringen den vorderen und den hinteren Wandabschnitt 3, 4 des Rechteckprofils 2 durch diese jeweils zwei Langlöcher, wobei jeweils ein Druckstab jeweils ein Langloch im vorderen und ein Langloch im hinteren Wandabschnitt 3, 4 durchdringt.In the front and the
Die
Das Zuganschlusselement weist ein aus Edelstahl gefertigtes, im eingebauten Zustand dem vorgelagerten Stahl-Außenteil benachbartes vorderes Plattenelement 30 und ein ebenfalls aus Edelstahl gefertigtes, im eingebauten Zustand dem Stahl-Bauwerksteil benachbartes, im Wesentlichen parallel zum vorderen Plattenelement 30 verlaufendes hinteres Plattenelement 31 auf. Das vordere Plattenelement 30 und das hintere Plattenelement 31 weisen im eingebauten Zustand jeweils einen ersten seitlichen Rand, einen an den ersten seitlichen Rand anschließenden oberen Rand, einen an den oberen Rand anschließenden und dem ersten seitlichen Rand gegenüberliegenden zweiten seitlichen Rand und einen an den zweiten seitlichen Rand anschließenden und dem oberen Rand gegenüberliegenden unteren Rand auf. Die Plattenelemente 30, 31, eine den ersten seitlichen Rand des vorderen Plattenelements und den ersten seitlichen Rand des hinteren Plattenelements enthaltende Ebene und eine den zweiten seitlichen Rand des vorderen Plattenelements und den zweiten seitlichen Rand des hinteren Plattenelements enthaltende Ebene grenzen einen Zuganschlusselementinnenraum von einem Zuganschlusselementaußenraum ab.The Zuganschlusselement has a made of stainless steel, in the installed state of the upstream steel outer part adjacent
Das Zuganschlusselement weist außerdem zwei, im eingebauten Zustand im Wesentlichen horizontal in einer gemeinsamen Ebene und im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dem vorderen und zu dem hinteren Plattenelement 30, 31 verlaufende, das vordere und das hintere Plattenelement 30, 31 durchdringende Zugstäbe 34, 35 auf, wobei die Zugstäbe 34, 35 im Bereich des Zuganschlusselementaußenraums 33 den Plattenelementen 30, 31 benachbart mit jeweils zwei Außengewindeabschnitten 36a, 37a, 36b, 37b und im Bereich des Zuganschlusselementinnenraums 32 mit jeweils einem Außengewindeabschnitt 42, 43 ausgestattet sind.The tension connection element also has two
Das Zuganschlusselement weist zudem vier, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum 33 angeordnete Gewindemuttern 38, 39, 40, 41 auf, wobei auf jeweils einen Zugstab 34, 35 jeweils zwei Gewindemuttern 38, 39, 40, 41 aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter 38, 39 benachbart zu dem vorderen Plattenelement 30 und jeweils eine Gewindemutter 40, 41 benachbart zu dem hinteren Plattenelement 31 angeordnet ist. Außerdem weist das Zuganschlusselement vier, im Zuganschlusselementinnenraum 32 angeordnete Gewindemuttern 44, 45, 46, 47 auf, wobei auf jeweils einem Zugstab 34, 35 jeweils zumindest zwei, im Zuganschlusselementinnenraum 32 angeordnete Gewindemuttern 44, 45, 46, 47 aufgeschraubt vorliegen, wobei jeweils eine Gewindemutter 44, 45 benachbart zu dem vorderen Plattenelement 30 und jeweils eine Gewindemutter 46, 47 benachbart zu dem hinteren Plattenelement 31 angeordnet ist.The Zuganschlusselement also has four, arranged in
Zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum 33 angeordneten, dem vorderen Plattenelement 30 benachbarten Gewindemuttern 38, 39 und dem vorderen Plattenelement 30 sind jeweils zwei, von jeweils einem Zugstab 34, 35 durchsetzte Unterlegscheiben 49, 50 angeordnet. Ebenso sind zwischen den beiden, im Zuganschlusselementaußenraum 33 angeordneten, dem hinteren Plattenelement 31 benachbarten Gewindemuttern 40, 41 und dem hinteren Plattenelement 31 jeweils zwei, von jeweils einem Zugstab 34, 35 durchsetzte Unterlegscheiben 51, 52 angeordnet.Between the two arranged in
Im Zuganschlusselementinnenraum 32 ist zur Verbesserung der wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften ein Isolierkörper 48 angeordnet, wobei zur besseren Darstellung lediglich der unterhalb der Zugstäbe 34, 35 angeordnete Teil des Isolierkörpers gezeigt ist.In the
Die
Sichtbar sind in der
- 11
- Anschlusselementconnecting element
- 22
- Rechteckprofilrectangular profile
- 33
- vorderer Wandabschnittfront wall section
- 44
- hinterer Wandabschnittrear wall section
- 5, 65, 6
- seitliche Wandabschnittelateral wall sections
- 77
- RechteckprofilinnenraumRectangular profile interior
- 88th
- RechteckprofilaußenraumRectangular profile outdoor
- 9, 109, 10
- Druckstäbecompression bars
- 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b11a, 11b, 12a, 12b
- Außengewindeexternal thread
- 13, 14, 15, 1613, 14, 15, 16
- Gewindemutterthreaded nut
- 17, 1817, 18
- Außengewindeexternal thread
- 19, 20, 21, 2219, 20, 21, 22
- Gewindemutterthreaded nut
- 2323
- Isolierkörperinsulator
- 24, 25, 26, 2724, 25, 26, 27
- Unterlegscheibewasher
- 3030
- vorderes Plattenelementfront plate element
- 3131
- hinteres Plattenelementrear plate element
- 3232
- ZuganschlusselementinnenraumZuganschlusselementinnenraum
- 3333
- ZuganschlusselementaußenraumZuganschlusselementaußenraum
- 34, 3534, 35
- ZugstäbeTension rods
- 36a, 36b, 37a, 37b36a, 36b, 37a, 37b
- Außengewindeexternal thread
- 38, 39, 40, 4138, 39, 40, 41
- Gewindemutterthreaded nut
- 42,4342.43
- Außengewindeexternal thread
- 44, 45, 46, 4744, 45, 46, 47
- Gewindemutterthreaded nut
- 4848
- Isolierkörperinsulator
- 49, 50, 51, 5249, 50, 51, 52
- Unterlegscheibewasher
Claims (15)
- A connection element (1) for connecting a steel construction part to a steel outer part arranged in front of the steel construction part, comprising- a rectangular profile (2) having four wall sections, wherein the rectangular profile (2) has a front wall section (3) which, in the installed state, is arranged adjacent to the upstream steel outer part, a rear wall section (4) which, in the installed state, is arranged adjacent to the steel construction part and runs substantially parallel to the front wall section (3), and two lateral wall sections (5, 6) which run substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear wall sections, wherein the wall sections (3, 4, 5, 6) separate a rectangular profile inner space (7) from a rectangular profile outer space (8),- at least two compression struts (9, 10) which run substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear wall sections of the rectangular profile (2) and penetrate the front and the rear wall sections (3, 4) of the rectangular profile (2), wherein, at least in the region of the rectangular profile outer space (8) adjacent to the rectangular profile (2), the compression struts (9, 10) are provided in each case with two external thread sections (11a, 12a, 11b, 12b),- at least four threaded nuts (13, 14, 15, 16) arranged in the rectangular profile outer space (8), wherein in each case two threaded nuts (13, 14, 15, 15) are screwed on one compression strut (9, 10), wherein in each case one threaded nut (13, 14) is arranged adjacent to the front wall section (3) and in each case one threaded nut (15, 16) is arranged adjacent to the rear wall section (4).
- The connection element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that only compression struts (9, 10) run in the rectangular profile inner space (7).
- The connection element (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the region of the rectangular profile inner space (7), the compression struts (9, 10) are provided in each case with one external thread section (17, 18).
- The connection element (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that at least four threaded nuts (19, 20, 21, 22) arranged in the rectangular profile inner space (7) are provided, wherein in each case two threaded nuts (19, 20, 21, 22) arranged in the rectangular profile inner space (7) are screwed on one compression strut (9, 10), wherein in each case one threaded nut (19, 20) is arranged adjacent to the front wall section (3) and in each case one threaded nut (21, 22) is arranged adjacent to the rear wall section (4).
- The connection element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an insulation body (23) is arranged in the rectangular profile inner space (7).
- The connection element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in each case at least one washer (24, 25) is arranged between the two threaded nuts (13, 14) arranged in the rectangular profile outer space (8) adjacently to the front wall section (3), and the front wall section (3), the washer being penetrated in each case by one compression strut (9, 10), and/or that in each case at least one washer (26, 27) is arranged between the two threaded nuts (15, 16) arranged in the rectangular profile outer space (8) adjacently to the rear wall section (4), and the rear wall section (4), the washer being penetrated in each case by one compression strut (9, 10).
- The connection element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two oblong holes are provided in each case in the front and the rear wall sections (3, 4) of the rectangular profile (2), which oblong holes run horizontally in the installed state, wherein the compression struts (9, 10) penetrate the front and the rear wall sections (3, 4) of the rectangular profile (2) through two oblong holes in each case, wherein in each case one compression strut penetrates in each case one oblong hole in the front wall section and one oblong hole in the rear wall section (3, 4).
- An arrangement for connecting a steel construction part to a steel outer part arranged in front of the steel construction part, comprising a connection element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a tension connection element, the tension connection element comprising:- at least one front plate element (30) which, in the installed state, is arranged adjacent to the steel outer part in front, and at least one rear plate element (31) which, in the installed state, is arranged adjacent to the steel construction part and runs substantially parallel to the front plate element (30),wherein in the installed state, the front plate element (30) and the rear plate element (31) each have a first lateral edge, an upper edge adjoining to the first lateral edge, a second lateral edge adjoining to the upper edge and situated opposite the first lateral edge, and a lower edge adjoining to the second lateral edge and situated opposite the upper edge,
wherein the plate elements (30, 31), a plane including the first lateral edge of the front plate element (30) and the first lateral edge of the rear plate element (31) and a plane including the second lateral edge of the front plate element (30) and the second lateral edge of the rear plate element (31) separate a tension connection element inner space (32) from a tension connection element outer space (33),- at least two tension rods (34, 35) which run substantially perpendicular to the front and the rear plate elements (30, 31) and penetrate the front and rear plate elements (30, 31), wherein, at least in the region of the tension connection element outer space (33) adjacent to the plate elements (30, 31), the tension rods (34, 35) are provided in each case with two external thread sections (36a, 37a, 36b, 37b),- at least four threaded nuts (38, 39, 40, 41) arranged in the tension connection element outer space (33), wherein in each case at least two threaded nuts (38, 39, 40, 41) are screwed onto one tension rod (34, 35), wherein in each case one threaded nut (38, 39) is arranged adjacent to the front plate element (30) and in each case one threaded nut (40, 41) is arranged adjacent to the rear plate element (31). - The arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that in the region of the tension connection element inner space (32), the tension rods (34, 35) are provided in each case with an external thread section (42, 43).
- The arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that at least four threaded nuts (44, 45, 46, 47) are provided that are arranged in the tension connection element inner space (32), wherein in each case two threaded nuts (44, 45, 46, 47) arranged in the tension connection element inner space (32) are screwed in each case onto one tension rod (34, 35), wherein in each case one threaded nut (44, 45) is arranged adjacent to the front plate element (30) and in each case one threaded nut (46, 47) is arranged adjacent to the rear plate element (31).
- The arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that an insulation body (48) is arranged in the tension connection element inner space (32).
- The arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that between the two threaded nuts (38, 39) arranged in the tension connection element outer space (33) adjacently to the front plate element (30), and the front plate element (30) in each case at least one washer (49, 50) is arranged, which is penetrated in each case by one tension rod (34, 35), and/or in that between the two threaded nuts (40, 41), arranged in the tension connection element outer space (33) adjacently to the rear plate element (31), and the rear plate element (31) in each case at least one washer (51, 52) is arranged, which is penetrated in each case by one tension rod (34, 35).
- The arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that in the front and the rear plate elements (30, 31) there are provided in each case two oblong holes running horizontally in the installed state, wherein the tension rods (34, 35) penetrate the front and rear plate elements (30, 31) in each case through two oblong holes, wherein in each case one tension rod penetrates in each case one oblong hole in the front plate element and one oblong hole in the rear plate element (30, 31).
- The arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that in the installed state, the tension connection element is arranged vertically above the connection element (1), namely in such a manner that the front wall section (3) of the connection element (1) and the front plate element (30) of the tension connection element lie in one plane, and that the rear wall section (4) of the connection element (1) and the rear plate element (31) of the tension connection element lie in one plane.
- The arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the tension connection element, which is arranged vertically above the connection element (1) in the installed state, and the connection element (1) are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate layer of insulating material.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014113662.4A DE102014113662A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | connecting element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2998450A1 EP2998450A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
EP2998450B1 true EP2998450B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
Family
ID=54185849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15185697.8A Active EP2998450B1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2015-09-17 | Connection element |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2998450B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014113662A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2998450T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1416492A (en) * | 1964-09-22 | 1965-11-05 | Method for producing knots in a metal frame and knots thus produced | |
DE3005571C2 (en) | 1980-02-14 | 1982-02-18 | Schöck, Eberhard, 7570 Baden-Baden | Component for thermal insulation in buildings |
DE3700295C2 (en) | 1987-01-07 | 1993-11-11 | Schoeck Bauteile Gmbh | Building insulation element |
CH690966A5 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 2001-03-15 | Clement Gutzwiller | Connecting component for collar plates on buildings comprises thermic insulating body and at least one metal reinforcement component arranged crossways to insulating body |
DE19908388B4 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2008-10-30 | Schöck Bauteile GmbH | Component for thermal insulation |
DE10130866A1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-02 | Schoeck Entwicklungsgmbh | Component for thermal insulation |
DE202007012823U1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-02-05 | H-Bau Technik Gmbh | component connection |
DE102011056967A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Max Frank Gmbh & Co. Kg | Plate connecting element |
AT513322B1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-10-15 | Hans Höllwart Forschungszentrum Für Integrales Bauwesen Ag | Thermally insulating support element |
-
2014
- 2014-09-22 DE DE102014113662.4A patent/DE102014113662A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-09-17 EP EP15185697.8A patent/EP2998450B1/en active Active
- 2015-09-17 PL PL15185697T patent/PL2998450T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102014113662A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
PL2998450T3 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
EP2998450A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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