EP2880452A1 - Procédé pour déterminer un courant passant par un conducteur électrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour déterminer un courant passant par un conducteur électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2880452A1
EP2880452A1 EP13756368.0A EP13756368A EP2880452A1 EP 2880452 A1 EP2880452 A1 EP 2880452A1 EP 13756368 A EP13756368 A EP 13756368A EP 2880452 A1 EP2880452 A1 EP 2880452A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor
measuring
conductor
electrical
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13756368.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Behringer
Martin Maier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2880452A1 publication Critical patent/EP2880452A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining a current flowing through an electrical conductor and a current measuring arrangement.
  • circuit breakers lines and / or consumers of an electrical circuit are protected, such as electric motors by interrupting an overloaded electrical current flowing through the lines.
  • the first is the short circuit case in which the electric circuit has virtually no electrical resistance, and the electric current is thus comparatively large. This leads to an overload of the lines, which are not designed for such current carrying capacity and thus melt or otherwise destroyed. In such a case, the fastest possible interruption of the electric current flow is needed.
  • the second case is called a so-called overload case. In this occurs briefly a higher electrical current, for example during a start-up phase of the electric motor. This current flow must be tolerated as long as the I 2 t value is below a certain threshold. Consequently, the value of the electric current flowing through the lines must be known precisely.
  • circuit breakers have a bimetallic strip connected in the current path. If there is excessive current flow through the bimetal switch, it is heated and bent due to its material properties, whereupon the current path is interrupted.
  • the disadvantage of such a system on the one hand, the relatively slow reaction and on the other hand, the comparatively large tolerance range, which prevents a precise adjustment of the triggering of the circuit breaker at a defined current flow.
  • the current flow through one of the lines is measured, for example by means of a Hall sensor or a current transformer.
  • the respective sensor is connected to evaluation electronics, by means of which, when the current of a predefined threshold is exceeded, a circuit breaker is actuated which interrupts the circuit.
  • the disadvantage of such a measuring arrangement is that the sensor and the evaluation electronics connected thereto are essentially at the same electrical potential as the line to be monitored. Consequently, if the line is at a comparatively high potential compared to
  • the invention has for its object to provide a particularly suitable method for determining a current flowing through an electrical conductor, the
  • a further object of the invention is to specify a particularly suitable current measuring arrangement and a particularly suitable circuit breaker, which can be manufactured comparatively inexpensively and, in particular, comparatively precisely adjustable to a tripping current.
  • the method for determining an electric current flowing through an electrical conductor provides that because the voltage drop across a first resistor of two resistor arrangements electrical voltage is detected, which are each electrically contacted with the electrical conductor and a, preferably common, reference potential.
  • a measuring resistor with a defined resistance value is located between the two contact points of the resistor arrangements with the conductor.
  • the resistance value of the measuring resistor is preferably less than 1 ⁇ , preferably less than 500mQ and in particular less than 100m ⁇ .
  • the resistance values of the first resistors are preferably between 100 ⁇ and 10kQ, for example at IkQ.
  • the electrical voltage across the measuring resistor is calculated, also referred to as measuring voltage, and this value is divided with the resistance of the measuring resistor for determining the current flowing through the measuring resistor and thus also through the electrical conductor. If the resistor arrangements each comprise only the first resistor, the difference between the two electrical voltages occurring across the first resistor corresponds to the measuring voltage.
  • the first resistor arrangement on one of the sides of the measuring resistor and the second resistor arrangement on the remaining side of the measuring resistor are contacted with the electrical conductor.
  • the two resistor arrangements are connected in parallel to each other, wherein the measuring resistor is arranged in series with one of the resistance arrangements.
  • the proposed method it is possible by means of variation and adjustment of the reference potential to select the area within which the first electrical voltage is relatively free. This simplifies the determination of the electrical voltage, since, for example, certain measuring devices can be used. Particular preference is given to ground as the reference potential, and in particular earth. In this way, insulation and / or galvanic separation of the measuring device used to detect the electrical voltage arising across the first resistor can be omitted. Furthermore, it is not necessary to check the stability of the reference potential and readjust if necessary. In addition, a wiring and / or cabling is reduced, since the first resistor can in principle be performed against each grounded component, such as a housing.
  • a second resistor is arranged between the conductor and the first resistor of at least one of the resistance orders, preferably both.
  • the second resistor is connected directly on the one hand to the electrical conductor and on the other hand to the first resistor electrically conductive.
  • the resistor arrangement has in each case the first resistor and the second resistor, wherein the voltage tap occurs between these and the reference potential.
  • the resistor arrangement has further electrical resistors and / or capacitors which are connected in parallel or in series with the two resistors in each case or together.
  • the electrical voltage occurring across the first resistor is adjusted, if this is not done by means of the reference potential.
  • a current flow through the first resistor is limited below 3.5mA by means of the second resistor.
  • the resistor assembly comprises only the second and first resistors connected in series with one another, the current flow through the complete resistor assembly to the reference potential is limited to below 3.5mA. In this way, the electrical losses are reduced and increased efficiency of the process.
  • ground is chosen as the reference potential
  • the second resistor has a resistance value such that the electrical voltage IV, in particular 0.5 V, occurring across the first resistor does not exceed 5, even if the conductor to ground has a potential difference of 100 V and
  • the structure of the first resistor arrangement corresponds to the second resistor arrangement.
  • the resistance of the first resistors and in particular the second resistors is the same size.
  • the difference between the first electrical voltage and the second electrical voltage is equal to the measuring voltage multiplied by the resistance value of the first resistor 15 divided by the sum of the resistance values of the first and the second resistor.
  • This type of calculation is independent of the direction of current flow through the measuring resistor. Consequently, it is possible to apply the method in both DC and AC.
  • the current determined in this way is carried out as part of a method for determining an electrical energy flowing through an electrical conductor. This is additionally by means of the detected first
  • the reference potential is equal to ground.
  • the electrical voltage of the conductor is equal to the first electrical voltage, provided that the resistor arrangement only the
  • the electrical voltage of the conductor is the sum of the electrical voltage arising across the first and the second resistor. If other components are used, which are arranged in parallel or in series with the first resistor, these are taken into account. In this case, the electrical voltage can be calculated, since on the one hand the resistances state of the components used and on the other hand their interconnection is known, and a reference voltage, namely the first or second voltage is detected. Consequently, it is possible to calculate the electrical energy that is proportional to the product of the electric voltage and the electric current. If alternating current flows through the electrical conductor, it is possible to determine the phase and the offset of the electrical voltage to the electric current.
  • the current measuring arrangement for determining a current flowing through an electrical conductor comprises a measuring circuit which is connected in parallel with a measuring resistor introduced into the conductor. Under introduced into the conductor is understood that the measuring resistor is contacted with the electrical conductor and thus carries a portion of the current.
  • the measuring resistor is connected in parallel either to the electrical conductor or particularly preferably the measuring resistor forms the conductor. In other words, it is a series connection.
  • the measuring circuit comprises a first resistor arrangement and a second resistor arrangement, which are contacted with the electrical conductor.
  • the resistance arrangements at least partially form the connection points of the
  • Measuring circuit by means of which this is connected in parallel to the measuring resistor.
  • the first and the second resistor arrangement are preferably electrically contacted with each other, wherein this contact point is at a reference potential.
  • the two resistor assemblies are each performed separately against the reference potential.
  • Each resistor arrangement has a first resistor, to each of which an electrical voltage meter is connected in parallel.
  • the difference between the two determined electrical voltages is used for this purpose, which is equal to the electrical voltage across the measuring resistor, for example. This value is divided, for example, with the resistance value of the measuring resistor to obtain the value of the electric current.
  • the measuring circuit preferably comprises a microchip which is provided and suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. It is true that the measuring circuit has two voltage measuring devices in order to determine the electrical voltage that occurs across the measuring resistor. However, the electrical voltages to be detected are comparatively large even with a comparatively low-impedance measuring resistor, so that comparatively cost-effective voltage measuring devices can be used without a comparatively complicated amplifier circuit.
  • the reference potential is ground.
  • the first and second resistor arrangement is grounded and grounded, for example. In this way, it is possible to manufacture the measuring circuit comparatively easily, since on the one hand the reference potential does not have to be stabilized and, on the other hand, a ground connection can be realized comparatively easily in the region of the respective resistor arrangement.
  • the first resistor is contacted directly with the reference potential.
  • the voltage difference between the reference potential and the remaining side of the first resistor is measured by means of the voltage measuring device, which is contacted for example directly with the electrical conductor.
  • the voltage measurement device detects that electrical voltage on which the conductor is opposite to the reference potential.
  • the wiring complexity of the measuring circuit is reduced when contacting the first resistor with ground, especially since different spatial areas can be selected as the respective contact points of the voltage measuring device and the first resistor, such as different housing sections.
  • At least one of the resistor assemblies comprises a voltage divider having a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor.
  • the first resistor is preferably directly connected to ground, and in particular the second resistor is contacted directly to the electrical conductor.
  • this makes it possible to limit a current flow through the respective resistor arrangement, for example to less than 3.5 mA, which increases the efficiency of the measuring circuit.
  • the electrical voltage occurring at the first resistor is comparatively low. Consequently, it is not necessary to galvanically isolate the voltmeter. Also, effects in the electrical voltage caused due to the measuring operation are reduced by means of the second resistance within the electric current flowing through the conductor.
  • At least one of the two voltage measuring devices comprises an analogue amplifier. Consequently, it is possible to detect by means of the voltmeter also comparatively small electrical see voltages.
  • the voltage measuring device or devices each have a sigma-delta converter, by means of which, in particular, a digital word is created from the detected value.
  • the sigma-delta converter also referred to as a sigma-delta modulator, has a differential input connected to one of the two voltage meters. In other words, the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is determined by means of the sigma
  • Delta converter created and preferably converted this difference into a digital word. Due to the comparatively high dynamics of the sigma-delta converter, an additional amplifier is not required and the measurement quality is increased due to the comparatively high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the circuit breaker has a circuit breaker by means of which a current flowing through an electrical conductor can be interrupted.
  • the power switch is, for example, a transistor, in particular an IGBT, or a thyristor, for example a GTO thyristor, or an electromagnetic trigger.
  • the circuit breaker is incorporated in the electrical conductor.
  • the power switch forms part of the current path and has a series connection to the conductor.
  • Circuit breaker is actuated for example by means of a drive circuit, in particular a microchip.
  • a measuring resistor is introduced into the conductor and preferably connected in series with the circuit breaker. From the voltage across the measuring resistor electrical voltage is closed to the current flowing through the conductor current.
  • the power switch is preferably actuated as a function of a characteristic curve.
  • the circuit breaker is opened immediately as soon as a short circuit condition has been detected by means of the measuring resistor. In the case of overload, on the other hand, the triggering of the power Switch depending on the current and the time that the overload case persists.
  • the measuring resistor is bridged with the measuring circuit having the first and the second resistor arrangement.
  • the measuring circuit is connected in parallel to the measuring resistor.
  • the current flowing through the measuring resistor is determined by the proposed method.
  • the on-control circuit of the circuit breaker is arranged and provided to carry out the method.
  • a number of such circuit breaker is combined to form a multi-phase protection circuit, which contains even more components.
  • a conductor strand is monitored by means of each circuit breaker, which carry an alternating current.
  • the frequency of the electrical currents of the conductor strands is the same, but the currents are shifted from each other by one phase.
  • the phase of the alternating currents is 120 ° to each other and by means of
  • Protection circuit are monitored three conductor strands.
  • each circuit breaker is directed against a common reference potential, which reduces the wiring effort.
  • the resistance arrangements are contacted with one another substantially at one point, a so-called neutral point or in a comparatively spatially limited area, in order to reduce any potential differences occurring between the resistance arrangements.
  • the reference potential is ground and in particular the star point is contacted with ground.
  • the drive circuits of the individual circuit breakers are integrated in a common drive circuit and the evaluation of the electrical voltages is preferably carried out by means of a common microchip.
  • an electric motor 2 is shown schematically simplified, which is supplied by means of three conductor strands 4 with electrical energy.
  • each conductor strand 4 carries an alternating electrical current I and in the motor, the individual conductor strands are contacted with each other via coils.
  • the electric motor 2 for this purpose has a so-called triangular circuit.
  • the electric motor 2 is preceded by a multi-phase protection circuit 6, by means of which the electrical alternating current I flowing through the conductor strands 4 is monitored, and by means of which the current flow is interrupted in a short-circuit or overload case.
  • the multi-phase protection circuit 6 comprises three circuit breakers 8, each of which is incorporated in each one of the conductor strands 4.
  • the circuit breakers 8 are constructed substantially the same and each have a power switch 10 and a current measuring arrangement 12, which are introduced into each other in series in the conductor strand 4.
  • Each circuit breaker 8 further includes control electronics 14, which may be part of the current measuring arrangement 12.
  • control electronics 14 By means of the control electronics 14, a measurement result 16 of the current measuring arrangement 12 is processed and an actuation signal 18 is generated, as a function of which the respective circuit breaker 10 is in an open or closed position.
  • the first of the circuit breakers 10 shown is in an open state. Neten position, whereas the remaining power switches 10 are in a conductive state. 2 shows two of the three current measuring arrangements 12.
  • Each current measuring arrangement 12 comprises a measuring resistor 20 which is bridged by means of a measuring circuit 22.
  • the resistance R of the measuring resistor 20 is smaller than 1 ⁇ and equal to 0.05 ⁇ .
  • Each measuring circuit 22 has two resistor arrangements 24 with a voltage divider 26.
  • Each voltage divider 26 comprises a second resistor 28, which is electrically contacted on one side with the associated conductor strand 4.
  • the measuring resistor 20 is arranged between the two contact points of the second resistors 28 with the electrical conductor 4 of each of the current measuring arrangements 12.
  • the remaining end of each second resistor 28 is electrically contacted with a first resistor 30, whose remaining end is guided in each case against a common star point 32 of the polyphase protective circuit 6.
  • the second resistor 28 and the first resistor 30 are connected in series between the respective conductor strand 4 and the common star point 32.
  • the resistance arrangements 24 of the protection switch 8, not shown, are also guided against the common star point 32.
  • the star point 32 is at a reference potential P and is contacted with ground, in particular with ground. In other words, P mass M is selected as the reference potential.
  • the star point 32 is electrically contacted with a grounded housing of the polyphase protection circuit 6.
  • Each first resistor 30 is bridged by a high-impedance voltage measuring device 34, by means of which a voltage drop across the first resistor 30 electrical voltage is detected.
  • each voltage measuring device 34 has a sigma-delta modulator 36, by means of which the measured value is converted into a digital word.
  • the resistance arrangement 24 of each of the measuring circuits 22 shown on the left is referred to as the first resistance arrangement 24, and the electrical voltage occurring across the first resistance 30 of the first resistance arrangement 24 is referred to as the first electrical voltage U1.
  • the resistor arrangements 24 shown on the right are referred to as second resistor arrangements and the electrical voltage occurring at the first resistor 30 of the second resistor arrangement 24 as the second electrical voltage U2.
  • the resistance value R2 of the second resistor 28 is dimensioned such that the electrical current flowing through the respective resistor arrangement 24 to the neutral point 32 does not exceed a value of 3.5 mA.
  • the resistance value R1 of the first resistor 30 is selected such that both the first electrical voltage Ul and the second electrical voltage U2 are always less than 5V, even if the potential difference between the conductor strand 4 and the reference potential P is greater than 100V.
  • the resistance Rl preferably carries 1 hundredth of the resistance value R2.
  • a flowchart shows a method 38, by means of which the alternating current I flowing through one of the conductor strands 4 is determined and after which each of the circuit breaker 8 is operated.
  • a first voltage detection step 40 the first electrical voltage U1 is detected by means of the voltage measuring device 34.
  • the second electrical voltage U2 is detected in a second voltage detection step.
  • a digital word is generated in each case by means of the sigma-delta converter 36 and sent to the control electronics 14.
  • the measurement voltage U resulting from the measuring resistor 20 is calculated.
  • the first electrical voltage Ul is subtracted from the second electrical voltage U2 and this value with the sum of the known resistance value of the first measuring resistor Rl and the known resistance value of the second measuring resistor R2 multiplied. The result is divided by the resistance of the first resistor Rl and used as the measurement voltage U.
  • a subsequent current determination step 46 the measuring voltage U is divided by the resistance value of the measuring resistor R in order to obtain the value of the electrical current I flowing through the conductor strand 4. If this value exceeds a predefined short-circuit threshold, the power switch 10 is actuated in an actuation step 48 and the current flow through the conductor strand 4 is interrupted, that is, the actuation signal 18 is created. The interruption also occurs when an overload case continues for a certain period of time, which exceeds the current carrying capacity of the conductor strand 4.
  • the current detection method 38 is used to determine the current flowing through the conductor strand 4 electric current I.
  • the electrical voltage ü 1 arising across the entire first resistance arrangement 24 is calculated from the detected first electrical voltage U 1 and the known resistance value of the first resistor and the second resistor R 1, R 2 .
  • the potential difference between the conductor strand 4 and the reference potential P is calculated.
  • the electrical energy transmitted through the conductor strand 4 is calculated by multiplying the two values from the calculated conductor voltage ü 1 and the calculated electrical current I.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (38) pour déterminer un courant (I) passant par un conducteur (4) électrique dans lequel une résistance de précision (20) est introduite. Une première tension électrique (U1) qui baisse par l'intermédiaire d'une première résistance (30) ayant une première valeur de résistance (R1) d'un premier dispositif de résistance (24) mis en contact électrique avec le conducteur (4) sur un des côtés de la résistance de précision (20) et guidé contre un potentiel de référence (P) est détectée. Une deuxième tension électrique (U2) qui baisse par l'intermédiaire d'une première résistance (30) ayant une première valeur de résistance (R1) d'un deuxième dispositif de résistance (24) mis en contact électrique avec le conducteur (4) sur l'autre côté de la résistance de précision (20) et guidé contre le potentiel de référence (P) est détectée. Une tension de mesure électrique baissant par l'intermédiaire de la résistance de précision (20) est calculée à partir de la différence de la première et de la deuxième tension électrique (U1, U2) et est divisée par la valeur de résistance (R) de la résistance de précision (20).
EP13756368.0A 2012-09-19 2013-08-23 Procédé pour déterminer un courant passant par un conducteur électrique Withdrawn EP2880452A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210216712 DE102012216712A1 (de) 2012-09-19 2012-09-19 Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines durch einen elektrischen Leiter fließenden Stromes
PCT/EP2013/067501 WO2014044483A1 (fr) 2012-09-19 2013-08-23 Procédé pour déterminer un courant passant par un conducteur électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2880452A1 true EP2880452A1 (fr) 2015-06-10

Family

ID=49111137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13756368.0A Withdrawn EP2880452A1 (fr) 2012-09-19 2013-08-23 Procédé pour déterminer un courant passant par un conducteur électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2880452A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012216712A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014044483A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3650281B1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2021-11-03 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Système de transmission d'énergie électrique

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6617838B1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2003-09-09 Analog Devices, Inc. Current measurement circuit

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57154065A (en) * 1981-03-19 1982-09-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current voltage converter
JPH02134575A (ja) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-23 Anarogu Debaisezu Kk 電源電流測定回路
US5939991A (en) * 1996-10-22 1999-08-17 Eaton Corporation Circuit breaker with current level indicator
GB2412511B (en) * 2001-06-08 2005-11-30 Eaton Electric Ltd Measuring devices
DE102010043254A1 (de) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Messsystem zur Überwachung mindestens einer Phase eines Systems

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6617838B1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2003-09-09 Analog Devices, Inc. Current measurement circuit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2014044483A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012216712A1 (de) 2014-03-20
WO2014044483A1 (fr) 2014-03-27

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