EP2829455B1 - Coupling head for a rail-guided vehicle, in particular railway vehicle, automatic coupling with such a coupling head and method for coupling state detection - Google Patents
Coupling head for a rail-guided vehicle, in particular railway vehicle, automatic coupling with such a coupling head and method for coupling state detection Download PDFInfo
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- EP2829455B1 EP2829455B1 EP14167313.7A EP14167313A EP2829455B1 EP 2829455 B1 EP2829455 B1 EP 2829455B1 EP 14167313 A EP14167313 A EP 14167313A EP 2829455 B1 EP2829455 B1 EP 2829455B1
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- coupling
- coupling head
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- detecting
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 271
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims description 243
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
- B61G3/10—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads in the form of hook-like interengaging rigid jaws, e.g. "Willison" type
- B61G3/12—Jaw-locking devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
- B61G3/10—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads in the form of hook-like interengaging rigid jaws, e.g. "Willison" type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coupling head for a track-guided vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, in detail with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to an automatic clutch with such a coupling head and a method for detecting a coupling state of such an automatic clutch.
- Such a latch transmission with a display is for example from the document DE 1 808 167 A previously known.
- the required visual inspection is especially in train assemblies from a variety of to be coupled to individual car units disadvantageous because time-consuming. Automated uncoupling and engagement processes are made more difficult.
- the display options are also limited in terms of recognizability. As a rule, only the functional states “coupled” or “uncoupled” are indicated by the sticking out and not sticking out of the housing of the coupling. Intermediate positions are not recognizable or can only be realized with additional constructive effort.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a coupling head and a coupling in which a detection of the coupling state is easy and with high security quickly and without errors feasible.
- the solution according to the invention should be characterized by a low design and control engineering effort.
- a coupling consists of two coupling halves which can be brought into operative connection with one another, the individual coupling half having a coupling head which carries or forms a coupling profile.
- the coupling profile is preferably of the Willison type. This includes two different sized and offset in the horizontal plane to Clutch longitudinal axis arranged claws, which form a in the vertical direction from the top to the bottom of the coupling head in the installed position extending clutch pocket for receiving the coupling profile of the counter-coupling head.
- a dome state describes the characterized by the position of the individual components of the coupling head operating states in the interaction of two coupling heads - a coupling head and a counter-coupling head.
- Each coupling state is defined by a defined functional position of the respective individual components - bar or bar holder.
- one or more dome states also overlap, that is, one or more dome states may be characterized by the same positions of a component.
- the coupling state "ready to be coupled” is characterized by the alignment and sliding of the individual, to be coupled coupling heads.
- the coupled state "coupled” is characterized by the interlocking of the coupling profiles and mechanical connection via a locking gear.
- the coupling state "uncoupled” is characterized by the interlocking of the coupling profiles and mechanical separation by unlocking the locking gear.
- Porition is understood to mean a specifically defined spatial position of a single component of the locking mechanism in the clutch pocket and / or in relation to the counter-coupling head. These can be end positions or intermediate positions that can be captured at least for a limited time.
- Detection of a variable describing a state or process involves the detection, detection, detection and optionally transformation, storage and / or transmission of the information. There are no restrictions regarding the type of the selected transmission path.
- At least one position of the bolt holder or locking element at least indirectly descriptive size is understood a quantitative or qualitative measure that either directly characterizes a defined position of a component or indirectly describes this, for example, via a functional dependence or can be derived in any other way from this ,
- Locking and unlocking devices can be designed in various ways. These can be formed for example by an effective between locking element and latch holder pawl and a locking shaft with cams are formed for unlocking, which is effective on the pawl and thus releases the locking element in terms of its mobility.
- the advantage of the invention is thus in the automated detection of the dome state, for example, from the cab of a locomotive or RangierInstitutes.
- a remote-controlled uncoupling process by a decoupling cylinder new perspectives for the automated coupling process in the field of freight wagons and locomotives in shunting and train formation arise.
- the invention thus relates to a coupling head of an automatic central buffer coupling of the type Willison-SA-3, in particular the automatic monitoring of the coupling closure position with automatic detection of the counter-coupling and detection of the coupled and uncoupled state by querying the position of the closure components bolt and bolt holder by appropriately arranged sensors or switch.
- the detection of the coupled state is independent of the type, provided that the coupling profile of the counter-coupling is designed according to the requirements de UIC 523 or GOST 21447-75.
- Central buffer couplings with type Willison coupling heads are used for mechanically connecting two adjacent car bodies, for example a rail vehicle, and are distinguished by their robust construction, so that such coupling heads are frequently used in freight wagon clutches and locomotives.
- the structure and operation of a coupling head type Willison are, for example, in the document DE 1 455 242 A described.
- the number of positions of the individual components of the locking gear and / or the type of size to be detected depends on the design of the respective detection device.
- the first device for detecting at least one, at least one position of the latch holder at least indirectly descriptive size is arranged and designed to be suitable to detect only a first or second position of the latch holder.
- simple binary sensors can be used, which only generate a signal in one of the coupling states. False indications of non-functioning of the respective facilities can not be excluded.
- both positions are detected so that dome states can be reliably detected and assigned.
- the statements made in advance also apply to the second device for detecting at least one variable, at least one position of the locking element, which at least indirectly describes its size and its first and second positions.
- the former possibility offers the advantage of retrofitting and free placement within the coupling head.
- the second and third possibility requires corresponding reference surfaces or points on the coupling head.
- non-contact sensors are used for reasons of wear.
- the size describing the respective position for example, a distance between a reference plane and a component, a position, a pressure, a change of an electric or magnetic field.
- the inventive design of a coupling head is particularly advantageous in an automatic coupling for a track-guided vehicle for forming a mechanical connection with a counter-coupling head suitable for the coupling head coupling profile.
- the position is detected directly or indirectly via the detection of physical quantities or characteristic quantities, from which the position can be derived.
- FIG. 1 illustrates in schematic highly simplified representation of the basic structure and the basic function of an automatic clutch 1, comprising two coupling halves 2, the coupling body 3 are designed and arranged to each other such that it produces a mechanical connection between two rail vehicles.
- the coupling is a coupling with a Willison coupling profile, such as in DE 1 455 242 described.
- One coupling half 2 is brought into engagement with the other coupling half as a mating coupling half. This is designated 2 '. Since the coupling halves are identically constructed, the following explanation refers to the coupling half 2. Shown is only the mutually engageable region of the two coupling halves 2 in a plan view of these along the coupling longitudinal axis LA and thus to a horizontal plane.
- the coupling body 3 has in the end-side end region, the coupling head 4, two with respect to the coupling longitudinal axis LA offset differently sized jaws 5 and 6. These include a clutch pocket 7, which is designed to extend in the vertical direction from the top to the bottom of the coupling body 3.
- FIG. 1a shows the two coupling halves 2 during emergence.
- the centering of the coupling heads 4 takes place by sliding on outer inclined surfaces.
- the production of the mechanical connection via a locking gear 9, which is arranged in the coupling pocket 7 a coupling half 2 and a coupling body 3.
- the locking mechanism 9 comprises at least one locking element 10, which is viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis LA in the coupling head 4 pivoted back to this stored.
- the Figures 1b and 1c illustrate the process steps for setting the coupling state "coupled”.
- the FIG. 1b illustrates the operation of the locking gear 9 and the Figure 1c represents the two coupling heads 4 in the connected, that is coupled state.
- the locking elements 10 are deflected back in their original position and are blocked by a locking mechanism 11, which is also part of the locking gear.
- tensile and compressive forces are transmitted.
- the functional state "uncoupled” which is characterized by the mechanical separation of the two coupling halves 2 by unlocking the locking gear 9.
- both coupling halves 2 are still in the same position, that is, orientation, according to Figure 1c to each other, but are already separated mechanically.
- FIG. 2 illustrates in a view from the right along the coupling longitudinal axis LA with partial section in the region of the coupling body an advantageous embodiment of a coupling state detection device 12 and its arrangement on the coupling body 3.
- the locking mechanism 9 is in addition to the bolt 10 of a latch holder 13, the locking and release mechanism 11 and a Latch shaft 14.
- the latch 10 is used when the counter profile of the production of the mechanical connection. This is rotatably mounted in the latch housing 15.
- the latch housing 15 is formed by a portion of the coupling body 3.
- the function of the bolt holder 13 is to prevent unintentional unscrewing of the bolt 10 in the case of the presence of a counter-coupling or a counter-coupling head.
- the locking mechanism 11 prevents unintentional unscrewing by supporting on a locking surface of the bolt holder 13.
- the locking mechanism 11 is mounted on the locking element 10 and is supported on a locking surface of the bolt holder 13 from.
- a locking shaft 14 is provided with cam 16, which is rotated manually or automatically for uncoupling and thus enables release of the locking mechanism 11.
- the state recognition of the clutch takes place by detecting at least one, at least one position of the components of the locking gear 9, in particular the bolt holder 13 and the bolt 10, at least indirectly characterizing size.
- the targeted detection of the positions of these two functional components to each other it is possible to reliably detect the dome state and to decide the individual dome states safely.
- three dome states are distinguished.
- a first coupling state which is also referred to as “ready to be coupled” is characterized in that the two coupling halves are aligned with each other.
- the second coupling state “coupled” is due to the interlocking of the Coupling heads and the mechanical connection characterized, while the third coupling state “uncoupled” by the alignment to each other, but mechanical separation is characterized.
- the first device 17 for detecting at least one, at least one position of the latch holder 13 at least indirectly characterizing size is arranged on the latch housing 15 in a region which is parallel to the pivoting region of the latch holder 13 and in a first position of the latch holder 13, free from interaction with a counter-coupling lies in the overlapping area, in a second position, characterized by the interaction with the counter-coupling head is outside.
- this also applies to the assignment of the device 18 for detecting at least one, a the position of the bolt at least indirectly characterizing size.
- at least one of the functional positions can be detected in a corresponding manner.
- the position of the preferably designed as sensors / switches means 17, 18 is preferably fixed laterally on the latch housing 15 of the coupling body 4, so that a modular cultivation is also subsequently possible in a simple manner.
- 2 sensors are mounted on the previously described position. It detects the position of the bolt holder 13 and the locking element 10th
- the sensor / switch 17 detects the position of the bolt holder 13 and thus detects the counter-coupling.
- the sensor / switch 18 detects the position of the latch position in uncoupled or coupled position.
- the circuit can be connected, for example, as a series circuit in a coupling body arranged on the terminal box and then led to the vehicle. A direct connection of each switch to the vehicle control is also possible.
- the properly coupled state is displayed, for example, when both switches signal.
- FIGS. 3a-3c illustrate in a schematic simplified representation of an embodiment of an automatic clutch according to FIG. 2 the arrangement and orientation of the functional elements of the locking gear 9 in the individual dome states to each other and the associated operation of the devices 17 and 18th
- the FIG. 3a clarifies the locking gear 9 in the cut coupling head in the coupling position, that is in the position "ready for coupling".
- the locking element or the bolt 10 is in the illustrated case, for example, a base body, which closes a lower boundary with subsequent rolling body and a holding tooth.
- the front end face forms a bevelled abutting surface.
- the locking element 10 which can be pivoted in the longitudinal direction into the coupling head 4, lies with its lower limit and the rolling body at the bottom of the coupling head 4 and is held therein by a holding tooth projecting in an opening.
- the beveled abutment surface projects in front of a coupling plane and thus lies within the influence of a mating coupling head of a vehicle to be coupled.
- the bolt holder 13 is rotated under the influence of gravity in the contour.
- the locking mechanism 11 in the form of a pawl is mounted on the locking element 10 and can move freely.
- the in addition to the locking element 10 of a bolt in the coupling head and movable in the longitudinal direction in the coupling head 4 swivel bolt holder 13 is under the influence of his, projecting into the interior of the coupling head 4 parts in the Kuppelrschaftslage as in the FIG. 3a shown, pivoted, with its front provided with inclined surfaces portion projects into the sphere of influence of a mating coupling head of a mating coupling of a vehicle to be coupled. Visible here is the location assignment of the detection devices 17 and 18, which recognize depending on the design of this a Lübedeckung by the bolt holder 13 and the locking element 10 or not.
- FIG. 3b clarifies the location assignment of the individual components of the locking gear 10 after the coupling process, that is in the functional state "coupled".
- the locking element 10 is tilted during the coupling process by the small tooth of the counter-coupling in the coupling body 3 and then moves the bolt holder 13 in the coupled position.
- the locking element 10 falls forward again, the bolt holder 13 is then held by the counter-coupling and locks the bolt and prevents further rotation.
- the locking mechanism 9 is locked in this state and allows the mechanical coupling between the coupling halves to be coupled together.
- the arrangement of the devices 17 and 18 on the latch housing 15 is carried out by way of example such that in the functional state "coupled” both devices are moved out of the coverage area of the individual devices and thus a signal is generated at both devices.
- the Figure 3c illustrates the coupling state "uncoupled". It is raised by turning the locking shaft 14 of the cam of the pawl and the Locked position of the locking element 10 repealed. By further rotation of the locking shaft 14 then tilts the cam and thereby the bolt in the latch housing 15. The cam 16 is blocked during over-rotation by the still held by the counter-coupling latch holder 13, however. The locking element 10 is held on the coupling head 4 and the coupling heads can separate. In this functional state, the device 18 is covered by the bolt.
- tactile sensors in the form of so-called mechanical position sensors can be used, for example, which serve to determine positions.
- the position detection during movement of the bolt and the latch holder can be carried out in such a way that they are either moved out of the sphere of influence of a tactile sensor or moved into it in a single functional position.
- the movement of the organ of touch is transferred to contacts that open or close a circuit.
- the opening or closing can be detected in different ways. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, non-contact sensors will be used.
- electromechanical sensors are used. These are preferably designed as tactile sensors and may be in the form of switches. These switches are positioned relative to the latch and the latch holder so that, when both signals are present, an evaluation and a reliable result with respect to the coupling state is possible.
- FIG. 4 illustrates by way of example the detection of the individual signals via the individual devices 17 and 18, which are connected to a corresponding one Evaluation device 19 are coupled, which may be part of a control device and in response to the present signals is a manipulated variable Y for displaying the coupling state.
- the evaluation device 19 is connected to the means for detecting 17 and 18 signal transmitting.
- the coupling can be realized wirelessly or via connecting lines.
- the evaluation device is connected to an adjusting device 21 of a display device for the dome state. In the simplest case, this is a visual display device.
- each of the devices can be coupled separately with the evaluation device.
- binary sensors When binary sensors are used, they can be arranged and operated such that they either generate a signal for the detection of a specific position or do not generate a signal. If the first device is positioned relative to the latch holder in such a way that it emits a signal "coupled” only in the coupling position, the arrangement range is such that no signal is produced in the functional position "ready to be coupled", but a signal is generated in the coupling position. In this case, a signal is always generated in the presence of a counter-coupling. The second device is arranged and positioned in this case so that only in the coupling position "coupled” a signal and in the dome-ready position, a signal are generated, while in the coupling position "uncoupled” no signal is generated.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kupplungskopf für ein spurgeführtes Fahrzeug, insbesondere Schienenfahrzeug, im Einzelnen mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine automatische Kupplung mit einem derartigen Kupplungskopf und ein Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Kuppelzustandes einer derartigen automatischen Kupplung.The invention relates to a coupling head for a track-guided vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, in detail with the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to an automatic clutch with such a coupling head and a method for detecting a coupling state of such an automatic clutch.
Automatische Kupplungen für schienengebundene Fahrzeuge mit einem Kupplungskopf mit einem Willison-Profil sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen aus dem Stand der Technik vorbekannt. Der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise eines derartigen Kupplungskopfes ist beispielsweise in der Druckschrift
Ein derartiges Riegelgetriebe mit einer Anzeige ist beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kupplungskopf und eine Kupplung zu schaffen, bei welchen eine Erfassung des Kuppelzustandes einfach und mit hoher Sicherheit schnell und ohne Fehler realisierbar ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung soll sich dabei durch einen geringen konstruktiven und steuerungstechnischen Aufwand auszeichnen.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a coupling head and a coupling in which a detection of the coupling state is easy and with high security quickly and without errors feasible. The solution according to the invention should be characterized by a low design and control engineering effort.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1, 8 und 10 charakterisiert. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen wiedergegeben.The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of
Ein Kupplungskopf für ein spurgeführtes Fahrzeug zum Ausbilden einer mechanischen Verbindung mit einem baugleichen Gegenkupplungskopf, wobei der Kupplungskopf sich entlang einer Kupplungslängsachse erstreckt und aufweist:
- zwei entlang einer Kupplungslängsachse versetzt zu dieser angeordnete und eine Kupplungstasche ausbildende Kupplungsklauen
- ein in der Kupplungstasche angeordnetes Riegelgetriebe zum mechanischen Verbinden und Trennen von Kupplungskopf und Gegenkupplungskopf mit
- einem Riegelelement zum Verhindern des unbeabsichtigten Lösens der mechanischen Verbindung zwischen dem Kupplungskopf und einem mit dem Kupplungskopf gekuppelten Gegenkupplungskopf, wobei das Riegelelement von einer ersten Stellung (Sperrstellung) in welcher ein Lösen des Kupplungskopfes vom Gegenkupplungskopf verhindert wird, in eine zweite Position, in welcher ein Lösen zwischen dem Kupplungskopf und dem Gegenkupplungskopf ermöglicht wird, und umgekehrt verbringbar ist;
- einen am Kupplungskopf verschwenkbar gelagerten und mit einem Teilbereich in den Einflussbereich einer Gegenkupplung ragenden Riegelhalter zur Verhinderung des Herausbewegens des Riegelelementes aus der Kupplungstasche bei vorhandenem Gegenkupplungskopf, wobei der Riegelhalter von einer ersten Stellung frei von einem Zusammenwirken mit dem Gegenkupplungskopf in eine zweite Stellung, die durch das Zusammenwirken mit dem Gegenkupplungskopf charakterisiert ist, und umgekehrt verbringbar ist;
- einem Sperr- und Lösemechanismus zur Ver- und Entriegelung des Riegelelementes in der ersten Stellung;
- dass eine Vorrichtung zur Erfassung des Kuppelzustandes vorgesehen ist, umfassend eine erste Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelhalters wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe und eine zweite Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelelementes wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe, wobei die erste und zweite Einrichtung am oder im Kupplungskopf integriert angeordnet sind.
- two along a coupling longitudinal axis offset from this arranged and a clutch pocket forming coupling claws
- a arranged in the clutch pocket locking gear for mechanically connecting and disconnecting the coupling head and counter-coupling head with
- a locking element for preventing unintentional release of the mechanical connection between the coupling head and a mating coupling head coupled to the coupling head, wherein the locking element from a first position (locking position) in which a release of the coupling head is prevented by the counter-coupling head, in a second position in which a release between the coupling head and the counter-coupling head is enabled, and vice versa be brought about;
- a bolt holder pivotally mounted on the coupling head and projecting with a portion in the sphere of influence of a mating coupling to prevent the moving out of the locking element from the coupling pocket with existing mating head, the bolt holder from a first position free from cooperation with the mating coupling head in a second position by the interaction with the counter-coupling head is characterized, and vice versa be brought about;
- a locking and releasing mechanism for locking and unlocking the locking element in the first position;
- in that a device for detecting the coupling state is provided, comprising a first device for detecting at least one, at least one position of the bolt holder at least indirectly descriptive size and a second means for detecting at least one, at least one position of the locking element at least indirectly descriptive size, wherein the first and second means are arranged integrated on or in the coupling head.
Eine Kupplung besteht aus zwei miteinander in Wirkverbindung bringbaren Kupplungshälften, wobei die einzelnen Kupplungshälfte einen, ein Kupplungsprofil tragenden oder ausbildenden Kupplungskopf aufweist. Das Kupplungsprofil ist vorzugsweise vom Typ Willison ausgeführt. Diese umfasst zwei unterschiedlich große und in der Horizontalebene versetzt zur Kupplungslängsachse angeordnete Klauen, welche eine in vertikaler Richtung von der Oberseite zur Unterseite des Kupplungskopfes in Einbaulage erstreckende Kupplungstasche zur Aufnahme des Kupplungsprofils des Gegenkupplungskopfes ausbilden.A coupling consists of two coupling halves which can be brought into operative connection with one another, the individual coupling half having a coupling head which carries or forms a coupling profile. The coupling profile is preferably of the Willison type. This includes two different sized and offset in the horizontal plane to Clutch longitudinal axis arranged claws, which form a in the vertical direction from the top to the bottom of the coupling head in the installed position extending clutch pocket for receiving the coupling profile of the counter-coupling head.
Ein Kuppelzustand beschreibt die durch die Stellung der einzelnen Komponenten des Kupplungskopfes charakterisierten Betriebszustände beim Zusammenwirken zweier Kupplungsköpfe - einem Kupplungskopf und einem Gegenkupplungskopf.A dome state describes the characterized by the position of the individual components of the coupling head operating states in the interaction of two coupling heads - a coupling head and a counter-coupling head.
Jeder Kuppelzustand ist dabei durch eine definierte Funktionsstellung der jeweiligen einzelnen Komponenten - Riegel oder Riegelhalter - definiert. Dabei können sich bezüglich einer oder mehrerer Kuppelzustände auch Überschneidungen ergeben, das heißt, ein oder mehrere Kuppelzustände können durch die gleichen Stellungen einer Komponente charakterisiert sein.Each coupling state is defined by a defined functional position of the respective individual components - bar or bar holder. In this case, with respect to one or more dome states also overlap, that is, one or more dome states may be characterized by the same positions of a component.
Im Einzelnen werden zumindest nachfolgende Kuppelzustände unterschieden:
- Kuppelzustand "kuppelbereit"
- Kuppelzustand "gekuppelt"
- Kuppelzustand "entkuppelt"
- Dome state "ready to dock"
- Coupled state "coupled"
- Coupling state "uncoupled"
Der Kuppelzustand "kuppelbereit" ist durch das Ausrichten und Ineinandergleiten der einzelnen, miteinander zu kuppelnden Kupplungsköpfe charakterisiert.The coupling state "ready to be coupled" is characterized by the alignment and sliding of the individual, to be coupled coupling heads.
Der Kuppelzustand "gekuppelt" ist durch das Ineinandergreifen der Kupplungsprofile und mechanische Verbindung über ein Verriegelungsgetriebe charakterisiert.The coupled state "coupled" is characterized by the interlocking of the coupling profiles and mechanical connection via a locking gear.
Der Kuppelzustand "entkuppelt" ist durch das Ineinandergreifen der Kupplungsprofile und mechanische Trennung durch Entsperrung des Verriegelungsgetriebes charakterisiert.The coupling state "uncoupled" is characterized by the interlocking of the coupling profiles and mechanical separation by unlocking the locking gear.
Unter "Stellung" wird eine konkret definierte räumliche Lage einer einzelnen Komponente des Riegelgetriebes in der Kupplungstasche und/oder gegenüber dem Gegenkupplungskopf verstanden. Dabei kann es sich um zumindest zeitlich begrenzt einnehmbare Endstellungen oder Zwischenstellungen handeln."Position" is understood to mean a specifically defined spatial position of a single component of the locking mechanism in the clutch pocket and / or in relation to the counter-coupling head. These can be end positions or intermediate positions that can be captured at least for a limited time.
Erfassung einer einen Zustand oder Prozess beschreibenden Größe umfasst die Detektion, Erkennung, Ermittlung und optional Umformung, Speicherung und/oder Übertragung der Information. Hinsichtlich der Art des gewählten Übertragungsweges bestehen keine Restriktionen.Detection of a variable describing a state or process involves the detection, detection, detection and optionally transformation, storage and / or transmission of the information. There are no restrictions regarding the type of the selected transmission path.
Unter einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelhalters oder Riegelelementes wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe wird eine quantitative oder qualitative Messgröße verstanden, welche entweder direkt eine definierte Stellung einer Komponente charakterisiert oder diese indirekt beschreibt, beispielsweise über eine funktionale Abhängigkeit oder sich in sonstiger Weise aus dieser ableiten lässt.Under a, at least one position of the bolt holder or locking element at least indirectly descriptive size is understood a quantitative or qualitative measure that either directly characterizes a defined position of a component or indirectly describes this, for example, via a functional dependence or can be derived in any other way from this ,
Sperr- und Entriegelungseinrichtungen können verschiedenartig ausgeführt sein. Diese können beispielsweise von einer zwischen Riegelelement und Riegelhalter wirksamen Sperrklinke gebildet und einer Riegelwelle mit Nocken zum Entriegeln gebildet werden, welche an der Sperrklinke wirksam wird und damit das Riegelelement hinsichtlich seiner Bewegbarkeit freigibt.Locking and unlocking devices can be designed in various ways. These can be formed for example by an effective between locking element and latch holder pawl and a locking shaft with cams are formed for unlocking, which is effective on the pawl and thus releases the locking element in terms of its mobility.
Es wurde erkannt, dass eine einfach realisierbare Erkennung eines definierten Kuppelzustandes aus der jeweiligen Stellung von Einzelkomponenten des Riegelgetriebes, die hinsichtlich der in diesen Stellungen auszuübenden Funktionen einen bestimmten Kuppelzustand charakterisieren, erfolgen kann. Durch die Erfassungsmöglichkeit direkt am oder im Kupplungskopf integriert, kann auf die zusätzliche mechanische und über das Riegelgetriebe betätigte mechanische Anzeigeeinrichtung mit Sichterkennung verzichtet werden. Die erfassten Größen können je nach Ausführung der Einrichtungen zur Erfassung drahtlos oder über eine elektrische Verbindung weitergeleitet werden. Die Erkennung des Kuppelzustandes kann dadurch zeitnah und bei größerer Zugverbänden gleichzeitig erfolgen, welches automatisierte Ein- und Auskuppelvorgänge ermöglicht.It has been recognized that an easily realizable recognition of a defined coupling state from the respective position of individual components of the locking mechanism, which characterize a particular coupling state with respect to the functions to be performed in these positions, can take place. Integrated by the detection possibility directly on or in the coupling head, can be dispensed with the additional mechanical and operated via the locking mechanism mechanical display device with visual recognition. The quantities recorded may vary depending on the design of the facilities be forwarded wirelessly or via an electrical connection. The detection of the dome state can be done simultaneously and at larger Zugverbänden simultaneously, which allows automated engagement and Auskuppelvorgänge.
Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt somit in der automatisierten Erkennung des Kuppelzustandes beispielsweise vom Führerstand einer Lokomotive oder Rangierfahrzeuges aus. In Kombination mit einem fernbetätigten Entkupplungsvorgang durch einen Entkuppelzylinder ergeben sich neue Perspektiven für den automatisierten Kuppelvorgang im Bereich der Güterwagen und Lokomotiven im Rangierbetrieb und bei der Zugbildung.The advantage of the invention is thus in the automated detection of the dome state, for example, from the cab of a locomotive or Rangierfahrzeuges. In combination with a remote-controlled uncoupling process by a decoupling cylinder, new perspectives for the automated coupling process in the field of freight wagons and locomotives in shunting and train formation arise.
Die Erfindung betrifft damit einen Kupplungskopf einer automatischen Mittelpufferkupplung der Bauart Willison-SA-3, im Besonderen die automatische Überwachung der Kupplungsverschlussstellung mit automatischer Erkennung der Gegenkupplung und Erfassung des gekuppelten und nicht gekuppelten Zustandes durch Abfrage der Stellung der Verschlussbauteile Riegel und Riegelhalter durch entsprechend angeordnete Sensoren oder Schalter. Die Erkennung des gekuppelten Zustandes ist unabhängig von der Bauart, sofern das Kupplungsprofil der Gegenkupplung entsprechend den Forderungen de UIC 523 oder GOST 21447-75 ausgeführt ist.The invention thus relates to a coupling head of an automatic central buffer coupling of the type Willison-SA-3, in particular the automatic monitoring of the coupling closure position with automatic detection of the counter-coupling and detection of the coupled and uncoupled state by querying the position of the closure components bolt and bolt holder by appropriately arranged sensors or switch. The detection of the coupled state is independent of the type, provided that the coupling profile of the counter-coupling is designed according to the requirements de UIC 523 or GOST 21447-75.
Mittelpufferkupplungen mit Kupplungsköpfen vom Typ Willison dienen zum mechanischen Verbinden zweier benachbarter Wagenkästen beispielsweise eines Schienenfahrzeuges und zeichnen sich durch ihren robusten Aufbau aus, so dass derartige Kupplungsköpfe häufig bei Güterwagenkupplungen und Lokomotiven zum Einsatz kommen. Der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise eines Kupplungskopfes vom Typ Willison sind beispielsweise in der Druckschrift
Die Anzahl der Stellungen der einzelnen Komponenten des Riegelgetriebes und/oder die Art der zu erfassenden Größe ist abhängig von der Ausbildung der jeweiligen Erfassungseinrichtung.The number of positions of the individual components of the locking gear and / or the type of size to be detected depends on the design of the respective detection device.
In einer ersten Ausführung ist die erste Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelhalters wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe derart angeordnet und ausgebildet, geeignet zu sein, nur eine erste oder zweite Stellung des Riegelhalters zu erfassen. In diesem Fall kann auf einfache Binärsensoren zurückgegriffen werden, welche lediglich bei einem der Kupplungszustände ein Signal generieren. Fehlanzeigen bei Nichtfunktion der jeweiligen Einrichtungen können nicht ausgeschlossen werden.In a first embodiment, the first device for detecting at least one, at least one position of the latch holder at least indirectly descriptive size is arranged and designed to be suitable to detect only a first or second position of the latch holder. In this case, simple binary sensors can be used, which only generate a signal in one of the coupling states. False indications of non-functioning of the respective facilities can not be excluded.
In einer zweiten Ausführung werden beide Stellungen detektiert, so dass Kuppelzustände sicher erfasst und zuordenbar sind.In a second embodiment, both positions are detected so that dome states can be reliably detected and assigned.
Die vorgetätigten Aussagen gelten in Analogie auch für die zweite Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelelementes wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe und dessen erste und zweite Stellung.By analogy, the statements made in advance also apply to the second device for detecting at least one variable, at least one position of the locking element, which at least indirectly describes its size and its first and second positions.
Die erste Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelhalters wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe und die zweite Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelelementes wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausführung an zumindest einem Element der nachfolgenden Gruppe angeordnet:
- an einem am Kupplungskopf integral ausgebildeten und das Riegelgetriebe aufnehmenden Riegelgehäuse;
- am Riegelelement
- am Riegelhalter
- on an integrally formed on the coupling head and the locking gear receiving latch housing;
- on the locking element
- on the bolt holder
Erstgenannte Möglichkeit bietet den Vorteil eines nachträglichen Einbaus sowie freien Platzierung innerhalb des Kupplungskopfes.
Die zweite und dritte Möglichkeit bedingt entsprechende Bezugsflächen oder Punkte am Kupplungskopf.The former possibility offers the advantage of retrofitting and free placement within the coupling head.
The second and third possibility requires corresponding reference surfaces or points on the coupling head.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausbildung sind die erste Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelhalters wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe und/oder die zweite Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelelementes wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe als ein Element aus zumindest einer der nachfolgenden Untergruppe ausgeführt:
- berührungsloser Sensor
- Berührungssensor
- Binärsensor, insbesondere taktiler Sensor, wie Taster oder Schalter
- elektromechanischer Sensor
- elektrischer Sensor
- induktiver Sensor
- optischer Sensor
- non-contact sensor
- touch sensor
- Binary sensor, in particular tactile sensor, such as buttons or switches
- electromechanical sensor
- electrical sensor
- inductive sensor
- optical sensor
Ausführungen mit Binärsensoren bieten den Vorteil, einer einfachen Auswertbarkeit der mit diesen erzeugten Signal. Es ist lediglich die Erkennung zweier Zustände möglich.Designs with binary sensors offer the advantage of a simple evaluation of the signal generated with these. It is only the detection of two states possible.
In vorteilhafter Ausbildung werden aus Verschleissgründen berührungslose Sensoren verwendet.In an advantageous embodiment, non-contact sensors are used for reasons of wear.
Als wenigstens mittelbar die jeweilige Stellung beschreibende Größe kann beispielsweise ein Abstand zwischen einer Bezugsebene und einer Komponente, eine Position, ein Druck, eine Änderung eines elektrischen oder magnetischen Feldes.As at least indirectly the size describing the respective position, for example, a distance between a reference plane and a component, a position, a pressure, a change of an electric or magnetic field.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung umfasst die Vorrichtung eine Auswerteinrichtung, wobei die erste Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelhalters wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe und eine zweite Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Stellung des Riegelelementes wenigstens mittelbar beschreibenden Größe einzeln oder bei Reihenschaltung taktiler elektromechanischer Sensoren in Reihe mit der Auswerteinrichtung gekoppelt sind und die Auswerteinrichtung Bestandteil zumindest einer der nachfolgenden Einrichtungen ist:
- einer Steuereinrichtung
- einer übergeordneten Baueinheit/Aggregat zugeordneten Steuereinheit und mit einer Einrichtung zur Informationswiedergabe gekoppelt ist.
- a control device
- a control unit associated with a higher-level structural unit / unit and is coupled to a device for reproducing information.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung eines Kupplungskopfes ist besonders vorteilhaft in einer automatischen Kupplung für ein spurgeführtes Fahrzeug zum Ausbilden einer mechanischen Verbindung mit einem Gegenkupplungskopf mit zum Kupplungskopf gleichem Kupplungsprofil geeignet.The inventive design of a coupling head is particularly advantageous in an automatic coupling for a track-guided vehicle for forming a mechanical connection with a counter-coupling head suitable for the coupling head coupling profile.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Erfassung eines Kuppelzustandes einer automatischen Kupplung aus einem Kupplungskopf und einem Gegenkupplungskopf, wobei der einzelne Kupplungskopf sich entlang einer Kupplungslängsachse erstreckt und aufweist:
- zwei entlang einer Kupplungslängsachse versetzt zu dieser angeordnete und eine Kupplungstasche bildende Kupplungsklauen
- ein in der Kupplungstasche angeordnetes Riegelgetriebe zum mechanischen Verbinden und Trennen von Kupplungskopf und Gegenkupplungskopf mit
- einem Riegelelement zum Verhindern des unbeabsichtigten Lösens der mechanischen Verbindung zwischen dem Kupplungskopf und einem mit dem Kupplungskopf gekuppelten Gegenkupplungskopf, wobei das Riegelelement von einer ersten Stellung (Sperrstellung) in welcher ein Lösen des Kupplungskopfes vom Gegenkupplungskopf verhindert wird, in eine zweite Position, in welcher ein Lösen zwischen dem Kupplungskopf und dem Gegenkupplungskopf ermöglicht wird, und umgekehrt verbringbar ist;
- einen am Kupplungskopf verschwenkbar gelagerten und mit einem Teilbereich in den Einflussbereich einer Gegenkupplung ragenden Riegelhalter zur Verhinderung des Herausbewegens des Riegelelementes aus der Kupplungstasche bei vorhandenem Gegenkupplungskopf, wobei der Riegelhalter von einer ersten Stellung frei von einem Zusammenwirken mit dem Gegenkupplungskopf in eine zweite Stellung, die durch das Zusammenwirken mit dem Gegenkupplungskopf charakterisiert ist, und umgekehrt verbringbar ist;
- einem Sperr- und Lösemechanismus zur Ver- und Entriegelung des Riegelelementes in der ersten Stellung;
- two along a coupling longitudinal axis offset to this arranged and forming a clutch pocket clutch claws
- a arranged in the clutch pocket locking gear for mechanically connecting and disconnecting the coupling head and counter-coupling head with
- a locking element for preventing the unintentional release of the mechanical connection between the coupling head and a coupling head coupled to the coupling head, the locking element starting from a first position (blocking position) in which the coupling head is released from Counter-coupling head is prevented, in a second position in which a release between the coupling head and the counter-coupling head is made possible, and vice versa be brought about;
- a bolt holder pivotally mounted on the coupling head and projecting with a portion in the sphere of influence of a mating coupling to prevent the moving out of the locking element from the coupling pocket with existing mating head, the bolt holder from a first position free from cooperation with the mating coupling head in a second position by the interaction with the counter-coupling head is characterized, and vice versa be brought about;
- a locking and releasing mechanism for locking and unlocking the locking element in the first position;
Die Ableitung aus den Stellungen der Einzelkomponenten des Riegelgetriebes ermöglicht eine genaue definierte Zuordnung der Kuppelzustände.The derivation of the positions of the individual components of the locking gear allows a well-defined assignment of the dome states.
Die Erfassung der Stellung direkt oder indirekt über die Erfassung von physikalischen Größen oder Eigenschaftsgrößen erfolgt, aus welchen die Stellung ableitbar ist.The position is detected directly or indirectly via the detection of physical quantities or characteristic quantities, from which the position can be derived.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird nachfolgend anhand von Figuren erläutert. Darin ist im Einzelnen Folgendes dargestellt:
- Die
Figuren 1a - 1c verdeutlichen in schematisiert vereinfachter Darstellung den Grundaufbau und die Grundfunktion einer automatischen Kupplung mit einem Kupplungskopf vom Typ Willison in einer Draufsicht auf die Kupplungslängsachse; - die
zeigt in schematisiert vereinfachter Darstellung anhand einer Ansicht von rechts in einem Teilschnitt durch den Kupplungskörper die Anordnung einer Kuppelzustandserfassungsvorrichtung;Figur 2 - die
Figur 3a verdeutlicht einen Kupplungskopf gemäßFigur 2 mit einem Riegelgetriebe im Zustand "kuppelbereit"; - die
Figur 3b verdeutlicht einen Kupplungskopf gemäßFigur 2 mit einem Riegelgetriebe im Kuppelzustand "gekuppelt"; - die
Figur 3c verdeutlicht einen Kupplungskopf gemäßFigur 2 im Kuppelzustand "entkuppelt".
- The
Figures 1a - 1c illustrate in a schematic simplified representation of the basic structure and the basic function of an automatic clutch with a Coupling head type Willison in a plan view of the coupling longitudinal axis; - the
FIG. 2 shows in schematic simplified representation based on a view from the right in a partial section through the coupling body, the arrangement of a coupling state detecting device; - the
FIG. 3a illustrates a coupling head according toFIG. 2 with a locking gear in the state "ready to be coupled"; - the
FIG. 3b illustrates a coupling head according toFIG. 2 with a locking gear in the coupled state "coupled"; - the
Figure 3c illustrates a coupling head according toFIG. 2 in the dome state "uncoupled".
Die
Die eine Kupplungshälfte 2 wird mit der anderen Kupplungshälfte als Gegenkupplungshälfte in Eingriff gebracht. Diese ist mit 2' bezeichnet. Da die Kupplungshälften identisch aufgebaut sind, bezieht sich die nachfolgende Erläuterung auf die Kupplungshälfte 2. Dargestellt ist lediglich der miteinander in Eingriff bringbare Bereich der beiden Kupplungshälften 2 in einer Draufsicht auf diese entlang der Kupplungslängsachse LA und damit auf eine Horizontalebene.One
Der Kupplungskörper 3 weist im stirnseitigen Endbereich, dem Kupplungskopf 4, zwei bezüglich der Kupplungslängsachse LA versetzte unterschiedlich große Klauen 5 und 6 auf. Diese schließen eine Kupplungstasche 7 ein, die sich in vertikaler Richtung von der Oberseite zur Unterseite des Kupplungskörpers 3 erstreckend ausgeführt ist.The
Die
Die
Die
Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Zustandserkennung der Kupplung durch Erfassen zumindest einer, wenigstens einer Position der Komponenten des Riegelgetriebes 9, insbesondere des Riegelhalters 13 und des Riegels 10, wenigstens mittelbar charakterisierenden Größe. Durch die zielgerichtete Erfassung der Positionen dieser beiden funktionalen Bauteile zueinander ist es möglich, den Kuppelzustand sicher zu erkennen und die einzelnen Kuppelzustände sicher zu entscheiden. Im Wesentlichen werden wie bereits ausgeführt drei Kuppelzustände unterschieden. Ein erster Kuppelzustand, der auch als "kuppelbereit" bezeichnet wird, ist dadurch charakterisiert, dass die beiden Kupplungshälften zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Der zweite Kuppelzustand "gekuppelt" ist durch das Ineinandergreifen der Kupplungsköpfe und die mechanische Verbindung charakterisiert, während der dritte Kuppelzustand "entkuppelt" durch die Ausrichtung zueinander, jedoch mechanische Trennung, charakterisiert ist.According to the invention, the state recognition of the clutch takes place by detecting at least one, at least one position of the components of the
Die erste Einrichtung 17 zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine Position des Riegelhalters 13 wenigstens mittelbar charakterisierenden Größe ist am Riegelgehäuse 15 in einem Bereich angeordnet, der parallel zum Verschwenkbereich des Riegelhalters 13 angeordnet ist und in einer ersten Stellung des Riegelhalters 13, frei vom Zusammenwirken mit einer Gegenkupplung im Überdeckungsbereich liegt, in einer zweiten Stellung, charakterisiert durch das Zusammenwirken mit dem Gegenkupplungskopf außerhalb liegt. In Analogie gilt dies auch für die Zuordnung der Einrichtung 18 zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, eine die Position des Riegels wenigstens mittelbar charakterisierenden Größe. Auch hier kann zumindest eine der Funktionsstellungen in entsprechender Weise detektiert werden.The
Die Lage der vorzugsweise als Sensoren/Schalter ausgebildeten Einrichtungen 17, 18 ist vorzugsweise seitlich am Riegelgehäuse 15 des Kupplungskörpers 4 festgelegt, sodass ein modularer Anbau auch nachträglich auf einfache Art und Weise möglich ist. Zur Erfassung der Verschlussstellung und Erkennung der Gegenkupplung, insbesondere des Gegenkupplungskopfes 4 werden 2 Sensoren auf die zuvor beschriebene Position montiert. Erfasst wird dabei die Stellung des Riegelhalters 13 und des Riegelelementes 10.The position of the preferably designed as sensors / switches means 17, 18 is preferably fixed laterally on the
Der Sensor/Schalter 17 erfasst die Position des Riegelhalters 13 und erkennt somit die Gegenkupplung. Der Sensor/Schalter 18 erfasst die Position der Riegelstellung in entkuppelter oder gekuppelter Stellung. Die Schaltung kann beispielsweise als Reihenschaltung in einem am Kupplungskörper angeordneten Klemmenkasten angeschlossen und dann zum Fahrzeug geführt werden. Eine direkte Verbindung jedes einzelnen Schalters an die Fahrzeugsteuerung ist ebenfalls möglich. Der ordnungsgemäß gekuppelte Zustand wird beispielsweise angezeigt, wenn beide Schalter Signal geben.The sensor /
Die
Die
Die
Die Anordnung der Einrichtungen 17 und 18 am Riegelgehäuse 15 ist beispielhaft derart erfolgt, dass im Funktionszustand "gekuppelt" beide Einrichtungen aus dem Überdeckungsbereich der einzelnen Einrichtungen verbracht werden und somit an beiden Einrichtungen ein Signal generiert wird.The arrangement of the
Generell wird beim Kuppeln der beiden Kupplungsköpfe 4 zu Beginn des Kuppelvorganges die kleine Klaue eines nicht dargestellten Gegenkupplungskopfes in das zwischen den beiden Klauen liegende, von einer Kupplungstasche 7 gebildete, Kupplungsmaul eintreten und zunächst das Riegelelement 10 und später den Riegelhalter 13 an seinem mit der Gegenkupplung zusammenwirkenden Teilbereich einschwenkend beziehungsweise kippend in Längsrichtung in den Kupplungskopf 4 eindrücken bis die entsprechenden Endlagen erreicht werden. In dieser wird Stellung blockert der Riegel die Sperrklinke.Generally when coupling the two
Die
Bezüglich der Anordnung und Funktionsweise der einzelnen Einrichtungen besteht eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten. Dabei steht die Anordnung in engem Zusammenhang mit der gewählten Art für die Ausführung des Sensors. Gemäß einer ersten Ausführung können beispielhaft taktile Sensoren in Form sogenannter mechanischer Positionssensoren zum Einsatz gelangen, welche der Ermittlung von Positionen dienen. Dabei kann gemäß einer ersten Ausführung die Positionserfassung bei Bewegung von Riegel und Riegelhalter derart erfolgen, dass diese in einer einzelnen Funktionsstellung entweder aus dem Einflussbereich eines taktilen Sensors herausbewegt oder in diesen hineinbewegt werden. Die Bewegung des Tastorganes wird auf Kontakte übertragen, die einen Stromkreis öffnen oder schließen. In Abhängigkeit der Anordnung und Zuordnung zu den einzelnen Funktionskomponenten kann dabei das Öffnen oder Schließen auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise detektiert werden. In besonders vorteilhafter Ausführung werden jedoch berührungslose Sensoren zum Einsatz gelangen. Bezüglich der konkreten Anwendung bestehen keine Restriktionen. Im einfachsten Fall finden elektromechanische Sensoren Anwendung. Diese sind vorzugsweise als taktile Sensoren ausgeführt und können in Form von Schaltern vorliegen. Diese Schalter sind derart gegenüber dem Riegel und dem Riegelhalter positioniert, dass bei Vorliegen beider Signale eine Auswertung und ein sicheres Ergebnis in Bezug auf den Kuppelzustand möglich ist.With regard to the arrangement and functioning of the individual devices, there are a large number of possibilities. The arrangement is closely related to the type chosen for the design of the sensor. According to a first embodiment, tactile sensors in the form of so-called mechanical position sensors can be used, for example, which serve to determine positions. In this case, according to a first embodiment, the position detection during movement of the bolt and the latch holder can be carried out in such a way that they are either moved out of the sphere of influence of a tactile sensor or moved into it in a single functional position. The movement of the organ of touch is transferred to contacts that open or close a circuit. Depending on the arrangement and assignment to the individual functional components, the opening or closing can be detected in different ways. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, non-contact sensors will be used. There are no restrictions on the specific application. In the simplest case, electromechanical sensors are used. These are preferably designed as tactile sensors and may be in the form of switches. These switches are positioned relative to the latch and the latch holder so that, when both signals are present, an evaluation and a reliable result with respect to the coupling state is possible.
Die Figur 4 verdeutlicht dazu beispielhaft die Erfassung der einzelnen Signale über die einzelne Einrichtungen 17 und 18, welche mit einer entsprechenden Auswerteinrichtung 19 gekuppelt sind, die Bestandteil einer Steuervorrichtung sein kann und in Abhängigkeit der vorliegenden Signale eine Stellgröße Y zur Anzeige des Kuppelzustandes gibt. Dazu ist die Auswerteeinrichtung 19 mit den Einrichtungen zur Erfassung 17 und 18 signalübertragend verbunden. Die Kopplung kann drahtlos oder über Verbindungsleitungen realisiert werden. Ferner ist die Auswerteeinrichtung mit einer Stelleinrichtung 21 einer Anzeigeeinrichtung für den Kuppelzustand verbunden. Im einfachsten Fall handelt es sich dabei um eine visuelle Anzeigevorrichtung.For this purpose, FIG. 4 illustrates by way of example the detection of the individual signals via the
Dabei kann jede der Einrichtungen separat mit der Auswerteinrichtung gekuppelt werden. Denkbar ist jedoch auch eine Reihenschaltung der einzelnen Sensoren in Verbindung mit dem ohnehin am Kupplungskörper vorhandenen Klemmkasten.In this case, each of the devices can be coupled separately with the evaluation device. However, it is also conceivable to connect the individual sensors in series with the terminal box, which is already present on the coupling body.
Bei Verwendung binärer Sensoren können diese derart angeordnet und betreibbar sein, dass diese für die Erfassung einer bestimmten Position entweder ein Signal generieren oder kein Signal generieren. Wird die erste Einrichtung derart gegenüber dem Riegelhalter positioniert, dass diese lediglich in der Kupplungsstellung "gekuppelt" ein Signal abgibt, erfolgt der Anordnungsbereich derart, dass in der Funktionsstellung "kuppelbereit" kein Signal, in der Kupplungsstellung "entkuppelt" jedoch ein Signal erzeugt wird. In diesem Fall wird immer beim Vorhandensein einer Gegenkupplung ein Signal generiert. Die zweite Einrichtung ist in diesem Fall derart angeordnet und positioniert, dass lediglich in der Kupplungsstellung "gekuppelt" ein Signal und in der kuppelbereiten Stellung ein Signal erzeugt werden, während in der Kupplungsstellung "entkuppelt" kein Signal generiert wird. Dabei kann in Abhängigkeit des Vorliegens beider Signale oder jeweils nur eines Signals und der Art des Signales auf die jeweilige Kupplungsstellung geschlossen werden. In Analogie wird auch der Umkehrschluss, das heißt die Anordnung der einzelnen Einrichtungen derart, dass beide kein Signal in der Kupplungsstellung "gekuppelt" erzeugen, jedoch in den anderen Kupplungsstellungen "kuppelbereit" und "entkuppelt" ein Signal oder kein Signal beziehungsweise umgekehrt generiert wird.When binary sensors are used, they can be arranged and operated such that they either generate a signal for the detection of a specific position or do not generate a signal. If the first device is positioned relative to the latch holder in such a way that it emits a signal "coupled" only in the coupling position, the arrangement range is such that no signal is produced in the functional position "ready to be coupled", but a signal is generated in the coupling position. In this case, a signal is always generated in the presence of a counter-coupling. The second device is arranged and positioned in this case so that only in the coupling position "coupled" a signal and in the dome-ready position, a signal are generated, while in the coupling position "uncoupled" no signal is generated. It can be concluded depending on the presence of both signals or only one signal and the type of signal to the respective coupling position. By analogy, the reverse connection, that is, the arrangement of the individual devices is such that both generate no signal in the coupling position "coupled", but in the other coupling positions "ready for coupling" and "uncoupled" a signal or no signal or vice versa is generated.
- 11
- automatische Kupplungautomatic clutch
- 22
- Kupplungshälftecoupling half
- 33
- Kupplungskörperclutch body
- 44
- Kupplungskopfcoupling head
- 55
- Klaueclaw
- 66
- Klaueclaw
- 77
- Kupplungstascheclutch bag
- 88th
- schräge Flächesloping surface
- 99
- RiegelgetriebeRiegel gear
- 1010
- Riegelelementlocking element
- 1111
- Sperrmechanismuslocking mechanism
- 1212
- KuppelzustandserfassungvorrichtungDome-state detecting device
- 1313
- Riegelhalterbolt holder
- 1414
- Riegelwellelatch shaft
- 1515
- Riegelgehäusebolt housing
- 1616
- Nockencam
- 1717
- Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine, die Position des Riegelhalters wenigstens mittelbar charakterisierenden GrößeMeans for detecting at least one, at least one, the position of the bolt holder at least indirectly characterizing size
- 1818
- Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens einer, zumindest eine, die Position des Riegelelements wenigstens mittelbar charakterisierenden GrößeMeans for detecting at least one, at least one, the position of the locking element at least indirectly characterizing size
- 1919
- Auswerteeinrichtungevaluation
- 2020
- Stelleinrichtungsetting device
- 2121
- Anzeigevorrichtungdisplay device
Claims (11)
- Coupling head (4) for a rail-guided vehicle for forming a mechanical connection with a corresponding coupling head of the same design, wherein the coupling head extends along a coupling longitudinal axis and has:- two coupling claws (5, 6) which are arranged along a coupling longitudinal axis, offset with respect thereto, and form a coupling pocket (7) ;- a bolt mechanism (9) which is arranged in the coupling pocket and has the purpose of mechanically connecting and disconnecting the coupling head and corresponding coupling head havingcharacterized:- a bolt element (10) for preventing the unintended release of the mechanical connection between the coupling head and a corresponding coupling head which is coupled to the coupling head, wherein the bolt element can be moved from a first position (locking position) in which release of the coupling head from the corresponding coupling head is prevented, into a second position in which release between the coupling head and the corresponding coupling head is made possible, and vice versa;- a bolt holder (13) which is pivotably mounted on the coupling head and of which part a projects into the area of influence of a corresponding coupling and has the purpose of preventing the bolt element from moving out of the coupling pocket when the corresponding coupling head is present, wherein the bolt holder can be moved from a first position, free of interaction with the corresponding coupling head, into a second position which is characterized by interaction with the corresponding coupling head, and vice versa;- a locking and release mechanism (11) for locking and unlocking the bolt element in the first position;in that an apparatus (12) is provided for detecting the coupling state comprising a first device (17) for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt holder, and a second device (18) for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt element, wherein the first and second devices are arranged integrated on or in the coupling head.
- Coupling head according to Claim 1,
characterized
in that the first device (17) for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt holder is arranged and designed in such a way that it is suitable for detecting at least the first and/or second position of the bolt holder. - Coupling head according to Claims 1 to 2,
characterized
in that the second device (18) for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt element is arranged and designed in such a way that it is suitable for detecting at least the first and/or second position of the bolt element. - Coupling head according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized
in that the first device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt holder and the second device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt element are arranged on at least one element of the following group:- on a bolt housing (15) which is embodied integrally on the coupling head (4) and accommodates the bolt mechanism (9),- on the bolt element (10) and- on the bolt holder (13). - Coupling head according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized
in that the first device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt holder and/or the second device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt element are embodied as an element composed of at least one of the following subgroups:- contactless sensor,- contact sensor- binary sensor, in particular tactile sensor, such as a push button key or switch- electromechanical sensor- electrical sensor- inductive sensor- optical sensor. - Coupling head according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized
in that the first device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt holder and/or the second device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt element are embodied as an element from the following group, for detecting at least one of the variables mentioned below:- distance between a reference plane and a component- position- pressure and- change in an electrical or magnetic field. - Coupling head according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized
in that the apparatus comprises an evaluation device, wherein the first device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt holder and a second device for detecting at least one variable which at least indirectly describes at least one position of the bolt element are coupled, individually or with a series connection of tactile electromechanical sensors, in series with the evaluation device, and the evaluation device is a component of at least one of the following devices:- a control device,- a control unit assigned to a superordinate structural unit/assembly and is coupled to a device for playing back information. - Automatic coupling for a rail-guided vehicle having a coupling head according to one of Claims 1 to 7, for forming a mechanical connection to a corresponding coupling head with a coupling profile which is the same as that of the coupling head.
- Automatic coupling for a rail-guided vehicle having a coupling head according to Claim 8,
characterized
in that the corresponding coupling head is embodied according to one of Claims 1 to 7. - Method for detecting a coupling state of an automatic coupling composed of a coupling head (4) and a corresponding coupling head, wherein the individual coupling head extends along a coupling longitudinal axis and has:- two coupling claws (5, 6) which are arranged along a coupling longitudinal axis, offset with respect thereto, and form a coupling pocket (7)- a bolt mechanism (9) which is arranged in the coupling pocket and has the purpose of mechanically connecting and disconnecting the coupling head and corresponding coupling head havingcharacterized:- a bolt element (10) for preventing the unintended release of the mechanical connection between the coupling head and a corresponding coupling head which is coupled to the coupling head, wherein the bolt element can be moved from a first position (locking position) in which release of the coupling head from the corresponding coupling head is prevented, into a second position in which release between the coupling head and the corresponding coupling head is made possible, and vice versa;- a bolt holder (13) which is pivotably mounted on the coupling head and part of which projects into the area of influence of a corresponding coupling and has the purpose of preventing the bolt element from moving out of the coupling pocket when the corresponding coupling head is present, wherein the bolt holder can be moved from a first position, free of interaction with the corresponding coupling head, into a second position which is characterized by interaction with the corresponding coupling head, and vice versa;- a locking and release mechanism (11) for locking and unlocking the bolt element in the first position;in that the individual positions of the bolt element and bolt holder are detected simultaneously, and the detected positions are evaluated and assigned to a coupling state.
- Method according to Claim 10,
characterized
in that the detection of the position is carried out directly or indirectly by means of the detection of physical variables or property variables from which the position can be derived.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL14167313T PL2829455T3 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-05-07 | Coupling head for a rail-guided vehicle, in particular railway vehicle, automatic coupling with such a coupling head and method for coupling state detection |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013209039 | 2013-05-15 | ||
DE102013209263 | 2013-05-17 | ||
DE102013211445.1A DE102013211445A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2013-06-19 | Coupling head for a track-guided vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, automatic coupling with such a coupling head and method for dome state detection |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2829455A1 EP2829455A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2829455B1 true EP2829455B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
Family
ID=51831425
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14167313.7A Active EP2829455B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-05-07 | Coupling head for a rail-guided vehicle, in particular railway vehicle, automatic coupling with such a coupling head and method for coupling state detection |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2829455B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013211445A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2829455T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE629679A (en) | 1962-03-19 | |||
DE1808167A1 (en) | 1968-08-23 | 1970-02-26 | Mini Verkehrswesen | Latch gear for the automatic central buffer coupling of rail vehicles |
DE19627879A1 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-02 | Bergische Stahlindustrie | Coupling head of an automatic central buffer coupling for rail vehicles in the manner of a WILLISON coupling |
DE10020351A1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-08 | Knorr Bremse Systeme | Actuating device for an automatic changeover and / or a locking system of an automatic clutch |
-
2013
- 2013-06-19 DE DE102013211445.1A patent/DE102013211445A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-05-07 EP EP14167313.7A patent/EP2829455B1/en active Active
- 2014-05-07 PL PL14167313T patent/PL2829455T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102013211445A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
PL2829455T3 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
EP2829455A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
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