EP2814115B1 - Antenna system, base station system and communication system - Google Patents

Antenna system, base station system and communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2814115B1
EP2814115B1 EP12741651.9A EP12741651A EP2814115B1 EP 2814115 B1 EP2814115 B1 EP 2814115B1 EP 12741651 A EP12741651 A EP 12741651A EP 2814115 B1 EP2814115 B1 EP 2814115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signals
antenna
combiner
splitter
element array
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EP12741651.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2814115A4 (en
EP2814115A2 (en
Inventor
Dezheng LIU
Tao Pu
Weihua Sun
Zuojun Qin
Pinghua He
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication of EP2814115A2 publication Critical patent/EP2814115A2/en
Publication of EP2814115A4 publication Critical patent/EP2814115A4/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna system, a base station system, and a communication system.
  • a remote radio unit may be connected to a passive antenna.
  • RRU Radio Remote Unit
  • AAS Active Antenna System
  • the antenna system includes two antenna element arrays. In both antenna element arrays, every element serves to both transmit and receive signals.
  • One antenna element array 1 is connected to an active component, namely, a transceiver (Transceiver) 2, to form an active antenna architecture and implement 2-transmitter 2-receiver (2T2R); and the other array element array 3 is connected to the RRU, and is a passive antenna.
  • the prior art supports the receiving performance gain of two channels, namely, the receiving performance gain of 2R, but the network performance gain is inferior.
  • EP 2343777 A1 discloses an antenna device, which includes a first antenna unit and a second unit.
  • the first antenna unit includes a first radiation module, a power divider/combiner network connected to the first radiation module, and a feeder interface connected to the power divider/combiner network.
  • the feeder interface is connected to a radio remote unit (RRU) or a macro base station through a feeder.
  • the second antenna unit includes a second radiation module, a transceiver array connected to the second radiation module, a baseband processing unit (BPU) connected to the transceiver array, and an optical fiber interface connected to the BPU.
  • the optical fiber interface is connected to a baseband unit (BBU) through an optical fiber.
  • US 2003/092403 A1 discloses a system and method of enhancing reverse link sensitivity and reducing the effects of multipath fading in a wireless communication system without the need for modifications to the mobile station.
  • at least two passive antenna arrays of an existing multicarrier base station transceiver system are supplemented by an auxiliary antenna array.
  • the auxiliary antenna array provides a complementary transmit diversity path for the two passive antennas such that a predetermined time delay is implemented to a composite transmit signal and the delayed composite transmit signal is fed directly to the auxiliary antenna array.
  • the delayed signal and the signals from the passive antenna arrays provide a reduced noise figure and time delay transmit diversity for the multicarrier BTS operation.
  • WO 2011/120090 A1 discloses an antenna system having an approximately omni-directional radiation pattern.
  • the antenna system comprises an antenna comprising a plurality of columns disposed in parallel with equal spacing in a circular configuration.
  • Each column comprises an elongated ground plane; an outwards- facing array comprising a plurality of antenna elements mounted on the ground plane in a linear configuration parallel to the longitudinal edges of the ground plane, each antenna element comprises two feeds configured to produce orthogonally polarised radiation; a first input connected to the feeds configured for a first polarisation; and a second input connected to the feeds configured for a second polarisation.
  • the antenna system further comprises a feeding network comprising a first circuit network and a second circuit network.
  • the first inputs of the columns are connected to respective outputs of the first circuit network, and the second inputs of the columns are connected to respective outputs of the second circuit network.
  • Each circuit network is adapted to impart a phase shift to each of two inputs to the circuit network that increments between the outputs of the circuit network by a multiple of 360° divided by the number of columns.
  • the present invention discloses an antenna system, a base station system, and a communication system to improve the network performance gain.
  • an antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • a base station system provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna system mentioned above.
  • the base station system and the communication system in the antenna system composed of an active antenna element array and a passive antenna element array, a combiner-splitter combines signals received by the passive antenna element array in different polarization directions, and at least one pair of receiving channels are used to receive the signals, and then frequency translation is performed on the signals received by the receiving channels to obtain baseband signals.
  • the signals in different polarization directions in the passive antenna element array are received, and frequency translation is performed on the signals. Therefore, the antenna system composed of the active antenna element array and the passive antenna element array can accomplish a 4-channel receiving performance gain or more, namely, accomplish a 4R receiving performance gain or more than the 4R receiving performance gain, thereby increasing the receiving performance gain of the system.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • a base station system may include antennas and a base station.
  • the base station may be a base transceiver station (BTS, Base Transceiver Station) in a GSM or CDMA system, or a NodeB (NodeB) in a WCDMA system, or an evolved NodeB (eNB or e-NodeB, evolved NodeB) in an LTE system.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • NodeB NodeB
  • eNB or e-NodeB, evolved NodeB evolved NodeB in an LTE system.
  • the type of base station is not limited herein.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna system includes: a first antenna apparatus, at least one second antenna apparatus, and at least one pair of receiving channels 3;
  • the first antenna element array 11 includes multiple antenna elements, and it is the same with the second antenna element array 21 (each antenna element in the antenna element array is an antenna resonator); the number of antenna elements included in the first antenna element array 11 may be the same as or different from the number of antenna elements included in the second antenna element array 21.
  • Each antenna element receives and transmits signals in two different polarization directions; all antenna elements included in the first antenna element 11 have the same two polarization directions, and all antenna elements included in the second antenna element array 21 have the same two polarization directions.
  • each antenna element in the first antenna element 11 may receive and transmit signals at a +45° angle and a -45° angle against the horizontal plane; also, each antenna element in the second antenna element 21 may receive and transmit signals at a +45° angle and a -45° angle against the horizontal plane.
  • every antenna element involved herein is configured to both receive and transmit signals. That is, both the first antenna element array 11 and the second antenna element array 21 herein may employ a structure with the transmitting function and the receiving function that share an element.
  • the first antenna element array 11, the first combiner-splitter 12, and the active module 13 make up the first antenna apparatus, which is an active antenna structure.
  • the first antenna apparatus may be an AAS active antenna structure, or another existing active antenna structure.
  • the active antenna structure can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain, namely, a 2R receiving performance gain, as detailed below:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a practicable structure of the first antenna apparatus.
  • the first antenna element array 11 includes: b antenna elements.
  • the first combiner-splitter 12 is configured to combine 2b signals received by the b antenna elements in the first antenna element array 11 into 2 a signals; b signals of the 2b signals and a signals of the 2 a signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the b antenna elements; the other b signals and the other a signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the b antenna elements, where b and a are integers greater than 1, and a is smaller than or equal to b;
  • the active module 13 may include: a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131, and a signal processor 132.
  • Each of the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 correspond to two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 a signals, and each pair of transmitting-receiving channels 131 are configured to receive two signals in two different polarization directions in the 2 a signals; and
  • the signal processor 132 is configured to perform frequency translation on the signals received by the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 and the signals received by at least one pair of receiving channels.
  • the first combiner-splitter 12 may be composed of existing 2 a- to- b combining-dividing networks, or composed of one 2 a- to-2 b combining-dividing network.
  • a signal received by every antenna element in the first antenna element array 11 in one polarization direction may be input into the first combiner-splitter 12 as one signal. That is, in the first antenna element array 11, a total of 2 b signals are input into the first combiner-splitter 12.
  • b signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the b antenna elements
  • the other b signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the b antenna elements.
  • the first combiner-splitter 12 may combine the b signals, in one polarization direction, of the 2b signals into a signals and output the a signals, and combine the other b signals, in the other polarization direction, of the 2b signals into the other a signals and output the other a signals.
  • the a signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the b antenna elements
  • the other a signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the b antenna elements
  • a and b are integers greater than 1
  • a is smaller than b
  • the ratio of a to b is not a fixed value, and may be determined in view of a tradeoff between the performance indexes (such as the coverage performance and gain) of the antenna and the implementation costs.
  • Each transmitting-receiving channel 131 is configured to receive one signal in the 2 a signals. Therefore, the transmitting-receiving channels 131 need to be set in pairs.
  • Each pair of transmitting-receiving channels 131 correspond to two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 a signals, and each pair of transmitting-receiving channels 131 are configured to receive two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 a signals. Therefore, a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 may be set.
  • Each of the a pairs transmitting-receiving channels 131 include a transmitting-receiving channel in an M polarization direction, expressed as TRX_M, and a transmitting-receiving channel in a D polarization direction, expressed as TRX_D, where the M polarization direction and the D polarization direction are two different polarization directions of the signals received by each antenna element in the first antenna element array 11. Therefore, the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 may be: TRX_M1 and TRX_D1, TRX_M2 and TRX_D2, ..., TRX_Ma and TRX_Da.
  • Each of the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 receive two signals obtained as a result of combining by the first combiner-splitter 12, and then input them into the signal processor 132 to perform frequency translation on the signals to obtain baseband signals.
  • the transmitting-receiving channel 131 mentioned herein may be an existing transmitting-receiving channel, and the existing transmitting-receiving channel 131 may perform analog-to-digital conversion and down-conversion on a received signal to obtain an intermediate-frequency signal. Therefore, in this embodiment, a signal input by the transmitting-receiving channel 131 into the signal processor 132 may be an intermediate-frequency signal.
  • the signal processor 132 may further convert the frequency of the received intermediate-frequency signal to obtain a baseband signal. After being processed by the signal processor 132, two baseband signals in the M polarization direction and the D polarization direction are finally obtained.
  • the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 in the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can receive signals in two polarization directions of the b antenna elements; and the signal processor 132 can process the signals output by the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 to obtain two baseband signals in the two polarization directions. Therefore, the receiving performance gain accomplished by the first antenna element array 11, the first combiner-splitter 12, and the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 and the signal processor 132 in the active module 13 may be regarded as the receiving performance gain of 2 channels (each channel corresponds to one polarization direction of the b antenna elements).
  • the first antenna element array 11, the first combiner-splitter 12, and the a pairs of transmitting-receiving channels 131 and the signal processor 132 in the active module 13 can accomplish a 2R (Receive) receiving performance gain.
  • the receiving performance gain may be embodied in the performance indexes such as transmit power of a terminal, coverage of a system, capacity of the system, and/or the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
  • the second antenna element array 21 and the second combiner-splitter 22 in the second antenna apparatus make up a passive antenna structure.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 set in the second antenna apparatus combines the signals received by the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • at least one pair of receiving channels 3 are set in each second antenna apparatus in the antenna system.
  • Each pair of receiving channels 3 are configured to receive signals in two different polarization directions, where the signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22, and then input the received signals into the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus to perform frequency translation on the signals to obtain baseband signals.
  • the active module 13 can process the signals output by the at least one pair of receiving channels 3 to obtain two baseband signals in two polarization directions. Therefore, the receiving performance gain accomplished by the second antenna element array 21, the second combiner-splitter 22, the at least one pair of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 may be regarded as the receiving performance gain of 2 channels (each channel corresponds to one polarization direction of the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21). That is, the second antenna element array 21, the second combiner-splitter 22, the at least one pair of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 can accomplish a 2R (Receive) receiving performance gain.
  • the first antenna element array 11, the first combiner-splitter 12, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • the second antenna element array 21, the second combiner-splitter 22, and the at least one pair of receiving channels 3 in the second antenna apparatus, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • the antenna system provided in this embodiment can accomplish a 4-channel receiving performance gain or more, namely, a 4R receiving performance gain or a more than 4R receiving performance gain.
  • the signals received by the antenna system generally have multiple paths, and mutual interference exists between the multiple paths. It is assumed that the signals received by the antenna system have 4 paths. If only the first antenna apparatus can implement 2-channel receiving (each channel corresponds to one polarization direction of b antenna elements), then each channel of the first antenna apparatus corresponds to signals on 2 paths, and interference exists between the signals of the two paths, which deteriorates the system performance indexes such as a signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the first antenna apparatus can implement 2-channel receiving
  • the second antenna element array 21 and the second combiner-splitter 22 in the second antenna apparatus at least one pair of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can implement 2-channel receiving (each channel corresponds to one polarization direction of multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21).
  • the signals received by the antenna system have 4 paths.
  • Each channel implemented by the first antenna apparatus, the second antenna apparatus, at least one pair of receiving channels 3, and each channel implemented by the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus need to correspond to the signals of only 1 path, which improves the system performance indexes such as a signal-to-noise ratio.
  • a better receiving performance gain of the system is accomplished.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may be an existing combining-dividing network applied to passive antennas.
  • the combining-dividing network is generally called a passive combining-dividing network.
  • the passive combining-dividing network may combine the signals received by the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into two signals, each of which corresponds to one polarization direction of multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 can combine the signals received by the antenna elements in the +45° polarization direction against the horizontal plane among all antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into one signal, and combine the signals received by the antenna elements in the -45° polarization direction against the horizontal plane among all the antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into another one signal.
  • each second antenna apparatus may correspond to one pair of receiving channels 3.
  • One receiving channel 3 in the pair of receiving channels 3 is configured to receive 1 path of signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and the one signal may be, for example, the one signal obtained as a result of combining the signals received by the antenna elements in the +45° polarization direction against the horizontal plane among all the antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • the other receiving channel 3 is configured to receive the other one signal obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and the one signal may be, for example, the one signal obtained as a result of combining the signals received by the antenna elements in the -45° polarization direction against the horizontal plane among all the antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • the pair of receiving channels 3 may input the received signals into the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus to perform frequency translation on the signals to obtain two baseband signals. Therefore, the second antenna element array 21 and the second combiner-splitter 22 in each second antenna apparatus, at least one pair of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain, namely, a 2R receiving performance gain.
  • the receiving channel 3 mentioned herein may be an existing receiving channel, and the existing receiving channel 3 may perform analog-to-digital conversion and down-conversion on a received signal to obtain an intermediate-frequency signal. Therefore, in this embodiment, a signal input by the receiving channel 3 into the active module 13 may be an intermediate-frequency signal.
  • the signal processing part in the active module 13, for example, the signal processor 132 shown in FIG. 3 may perform further frequency conversion on the intermediate-frequency signal input by the receiving channel 3 to obtain a baseband signal.
  • a passive combining-dividing network (namely, an existing combining-dividing network applied to passive antennas) may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and one pair of receiving channels 3 are set in each second antenna apparatus, and therefore, the second antenna element array 21 in each second antenna apparatus, the passive combining-dividing network, the pair of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • one or more second antenna apparatuses can be set. Therefore, at least one second antenna apparatus and the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 4-channel receiving performance gain or more, namely, a 4R receiving performance gain or more than the 4R receiving performance gain.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may employ combining-dividing components similar to those of the first combiner-splitter 12 in the first antenna apparatus.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may be composed of existing 2 m -to- n combining-dividing networks, or composed of one 2 m -to-2 n combining-dividing network. It is assumed that the second antenna element array 21 includes n antenna elements, and a signal received by every antenna element may be input into the second combiner-splitter 22 as one signal. That is, in the second antenna element array 21, a total of 2n signals are input into the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements
  • the other n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 After receiving the 2n signals, the second combiner-splitter 22 combines the n signals in one polarization direction in the 2n signals into m signals and output the m signals, and combines the other n signals in the other polarization direction into the other m signals and output the other m signals.
  • the m signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements
  • the other m signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements
  • m and n are integers greater than 1
  • m is smaller than n
  • the ratio of m to n is not a fixed value, and may be determined in view of a tradeoff between the performance indexes (such as the coverage performance and gain) of the antenna and the implementation costs.
  • the number of antenna elements included in the first antenna element array 11 is generally the same as the number of antenna elements included in the second antenna element array 21, namely, n is generally equal to b, but m may be the same as or different from a.
  • each receiving channel 3 is configured to receive one signal in the 2 m signals. Therefore, receiving channels 3 need to be set in pairs.
  • Each pair of receiving channels 3 correspond to two signals in two different polarization directions in the 2 m signals, and each pair of receiving channels 3 are configured to receive two signals in two different polarization directions in the 2m signals. Therefore, m pairs of receiving channels 3 may be set in each second antenna apparatus.
  • Each of the m pairs of receiving channels 3 includes a receiving channel in an M polarization direction, expressed as RX_M, and a receiving channel in a D polarization direction, expressed as RX_D.
  • the m pairs of receiving channels may be: RX_M1 and RX_D1, RX_M2 and RX_D2, ..., RX_Mm and RX_Dm.
  • Each of the m pairs of receiving channels 3 receive two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and then input them into the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus to perform frequency translation on the signals to obtain baseband signals.
  • the receiving channel 3 may be an existing receiving channel, and the existing receiving channel 3 may perform analog-to-digital conversion and down-conversion on a received signal to obtain an intermediate-frequency signal. Therefore, in this embodiment, a signal input by the receiving channel 3 into the active module 13 may be an intermediate-frequency signal.
  • the signal processing part in the active module 13, for example, the signal processor 132 shown in FIG. 3 may perform further frequency conversion on the intermediate-frequency signals input by the receiving channel 3 to obtain two baseband signals in the M polarization direction and the D polarization direction.
  • the active module 13 is further configured to perform beam forming on the signals combined by the first combiner-splitter 12 and the signals received by at least one pair of receiving channels 3.
  • the active module 13 may use various existing methods to perform beam forming on the signals combined by the first combiner-splitter 12 and the signals received by at least one pair of receiving channels 3, for example, perform beam forming in an analog domain, or perform beam forming in a digital domain.
  • a second combiner 22 (composed of two m -to- n combining-dividing networks, or composed of one 2 m -to-2 n combining-dividing network) and m pairs of receiving channels 3 may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and therefore, the second antenna element array 21 in each second antenna apparatus, the m- to -n combining-dividing networks, the m pairs of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • one or more second antenna apparatuses can be set. Therefore, at least one second antenna apparatus and the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 4-channel receiving performance gain or more, namely, a 4R receiving performance gain or more than the 4R receiving performance gain.
  • a combiner-splitter combines the signals received by the passive antenna element array in different polarization directions, and at least one pair of receiving channels are used to receive the signals, and then frequency translation is performed on the signals received by the receiving channels to obtain baseband signals.
  • the signals in different polarization directions in the passive antenna element array are received, and frequency translation is performed on the signals. Therefore, the antenna system composed of the active antenna element array and the passive antenna element array can accomplish a 4-channel receiving performance gain or more, namely, accomplish a 4R receiving performance gain or more than the 4R receiving performance gain, thereby increasing the receiving performance gain of the system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • an existing combining-dividing network applied to passive antennas is set in a second antenna apparatus, namely, a passive combining-dividing network, and one pair of receiving channels are set in each second antenna apparatus, and therefore, a second antenna element array 21 in each second antenna apparatus, the passive combining-dividing network, the pair of receiving channels 3, and an active module 13 in a first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain, as detailed below:
  • a second combiner-splitter 22 is specifically configured to: combine the signals received by multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into two signals, each of which corresponds to one polarization direction of the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • each second antenna apparatus corresponds to one pair of receiving channels 3, and is configured to receive the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may be an existing passive combining-dividing network.
  • the passive combining-dividing network may combine the signals received by the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into two signals, each of which corresponds to one polarization direction of the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21. It is assumed that in the second antenna element array 21, each antenna element receives signals in an M polarization direction and a D polarization direction.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may combine the signals received in the M polarization direction by all antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into one signal, and combine the signals received in the D polarization direction by all antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into another one signal.
  • the second antenna apparatus may correspond to one pair of receiving channels 3.
  • One receiving channel 3 in the pair of receiving channels 3 is configured to receive one signal obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and the one signal may be, for example, the one signal obtained as a result of combining the signals received in the M polarization direction by the corresponding antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • the other receiving channel 3 is configured to receive the other one signal obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and the 1 path of signals may be, for example, the one signal obtained as a result of combining the signals received in the D polarization direction by the corresponding antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21.
  • One pair of receiving channels 3 may be existing receiving channels, and may perform analog-to-digital conversion and down-conversion on a received signal to obtain an intermediate-frequency signal. Therefore, a signal input by a receiving channel 3 into the active module 13 may be an intermediate-frequency signal.
  • the signal processing part in the active module 13, for example, the signal processor 132 shown in FIG. 3 may convert the frequency of the intermediate-frequency signal input by the receiving channel 3 to obtain two baseband signals. Therefore, the second antenna element array 21 in each second antenna apparatus, the passive combining-dividing network, one pair of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • the second antenna apparatus may be connected, as a passive antenna, to modules such as an RRU.
  • the signals, which multiple antenna elements in a first antenna element array 11 are capable to receive may be set as first frequency band signals
  • the signals, which the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 are capable to receive may be set as second frequency band signals, where the second frequency band includes the first frequency band and covers wider than the first frequency band.
  • Signal band received by the second antenna element array 21 includes signal band received by the first antenna element array 11. Therefore, the first frequency band signals may be acquired by filtering the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22 and output into one pair of receiving channels 3 to implement 2R receiving in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array 21.
  • the signals other than the first frequency band signals are output to modules such as an RRU so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • At least one first filter 23 may be set in the second antenna apparatus.
  • the at least one filter 23 may be set between the second combiner-splitter and one pair of transmitting-receiving channels 3, and is configured to filter the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22 to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to one pair of receiving channels 3 corresponding to the second antenna apparatus.
  • one first filter 23 may be set, and two input ports and two output ports may be set on each first filter 23.
  • Each input port receives one signal obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and each output port is configured to input one signal acquired by filtering into a receiving channel 3.
  • two first filters 23 may be set, and an input port and an output port may be set on each first filter 23, and are configured to receive one signal obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, and input one signal acquired by filtering into a receiving channel 3.
  • the at least one first filter 23 may output all or part of the signals other than the first frequency band signals of the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22 to an RRU, an RRU module or a non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • At least one second filter may be set between the second antenna element array 21 and the second combiner-splitter 22, and is configured to filter the signals received by n antenna elements to acquire first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • the second filter may be an existing resonator filter.
  • the number of second filters may be the same as the number of the antenna elements. That is, n second filters are set, two input ports and two output ports may be set on each second filter, and the second filters are configured to receive the signals received in two polarization directions by one antenna element in the second antenna element array 21, filter in the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22, so that the first frequency band signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • each second filter is configured to receive the signals received in one polarization direction by one antenna element in the second antenna element array 21, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22, so that the first frequency band signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • one second filter may be set, and 2n input ports and 2n output ports may be set on the second filter.
  • the second filter is configured to receive the signals received in two polarization directions by n antenna elements, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22, so that the first frequency band signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • Described above are only several optional setting manners of a second filter. It is understandable that the number of second filters and the setting of the ports of the second filters may come in many other manners, and the manners described above shall not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.
  • At least one second filter may output all or part of the signals other than the first frequency band signals of received signals, so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • a third combiner-splitter may be set in the second antenna apparatus.
  • the third combiner-splitter may be an existing passive combining-dividing network, and the third combiner-splitter may combine all or part of the signals other than the first frequency band signals of the signals output by the at least one second filter into two signals, each of which may correspond to one polarization direction of the n antenna elements; the third combiner-splitter may output the two signals obtained as a result combining to an RRU, an RRU module or a non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • the antenna system may further include: a remote radio unit (not illustrated in the figure).
  • the remote radio unit is configured to receive all or part of the signals other than the first frequency band signals of the two signals output by the first filter 23 or the third combiner-splitter, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to a baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • a passive combining-dividing network is set in each second antenna apparatus, and one pair of receiving channels are set on each second antenna apparatus, so as to implement 2R receiving in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array and accomplish a 4R receiving performance gain or a more-than 4R receiving performance gain.
  • the signals, which the multiple antenna elements in the first antenna element array are capable to receive may be set as first frequency band signals
  • the signals, which the multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array are capable to receive may be set as second frequency band signals, where the second frequency band includes the first frequency band and covers wider than the first frequency band.
  • At least one first filter is set between the second combiner-splitter and one pair of receiving channels; the first filter is configured to filter the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter to acquire first frequency band signals and output the first frequency band signals into one pair of receiving channels to implement 2R receiving on the first frequency band signals in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array.
  • all or part of the signals other than the first frequency band signals may be output to an RRU or non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • At least one second filter may be set between the second antenna element array and the second combiner-splitter, the second filter is configured to output all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the signals output by multiple antenna elements, and then the signals are combined by a third combiner-splitter into two signals and output to an RRU or a non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the scenario of this embodiment is: An m-to-n combining-dividing network is set in a second antenna apparatus, and m pairs of receiving channels are set in each second antenna apparatus to implement 2R receiving in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array, and therefore, a second antenna element array 21 in each second antenna apparatus, the m -to- n combining-dividing network, the m pairs of receiving channels 3, and an active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • a second combiner-splitter 22 is configured to combine 2n signals received by n antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 into 2m signals; n signals of the 2n signals and m signals of the 2m signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements; the other n signals and the other m signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements, where n and m are integers greater than 1, and m is smaller than or equal to n .
  • each pair of receiving channels 3 may be set in each second antenna apparatus, each pair of receiving channels 3 correspond to two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 m signals, and each pair of receiving channels 3 are configured to receive two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 m signals.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may employ combining-dividing components similar to those of the first combiner-splitter 12 in the first antenna apparatus.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 may be composed of existing 2 m -to- n combining-dividing networks, or composed of an existing 2 m -to-2 n combining-dividing network. It is assumed that the second antenna element array 21 includes n antenna elements, and a signal received by every antenna element in one polarization direction may be input into the second combiner-splitter 22 as one signal. That is, in the second antenna element array 21, a total of 2 n signals are input into the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements
  • the other n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions of the n antenna elements.
  • the second combiner-splitter 22 After receiving the 2n signals, the second combiner-splitter 22 combines the n signals in one polarization direction into m signals and output the m signals, and combines the other n signals in the other polarization direction into the other m signals and output the other m signals, where m and n are integers greater than 1, m is smaller than n, and the ratio of m to n is not a fixed value, and may be determined in view of a tradeoff between the performance indexes of the antenna and the implementation costs.
  • Each receiving channel 3 is configured to receive one signal in the 2 m signals. Therefore, receiving channels 3 need to be set in pairs.
  • Each pair of receiving channels 3 correspond to two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 m signals, and each pair of receiving channels 3 are configured to receive two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2m signals. Therefore, m pairs of receiving channels 3 may be set in each second antenna apparatus.
  • Each of the m pairs of receiving channels 3 includes a receiving channel in an M polarization direction, expressed as RX_M, and a receiving channel in a D polarization direction, expressed as RX_D.
  • the m pairs of receiving channels are: RX_M1 and RX_D1, RX_M2 and RX_D2, ..., RX_Mm and RX_Dm.
  • Each of the m pairs of receiving channels 3 are existing receiving channels, and may perform analog-to-digital conversion and down-conversion on a received signal to obtain an intermediate-frequency signal. Therefore, a signal input by the receiving channel 3 into the active module 13 may be an intermediate-frequency signal.
  • the signal processing part in the active module 13, for example, the signal processor 132 shown in FIG. 3 may perform further frequency conversion on the intermediate-frequency signals input by the receiving channel 3 to obtain two baseband signals.
  • 2 m -to- n combining-dividing network or a 2 m -to-2 n combining-dividing network are set in each second antenna apparatus, and m pairs of receiving channels 3 are set in each second antenna apparatus to implement 2R receiving in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array 21.
  • the second antenna element array 21 in the second antenna apparatus, the m -to- n combining-dividing network, the m pairs of receiving channels 3, and the active module 13 in the first antenna apparatus can accomplish a 2-channel receiving performance gain.
  • the second antenna apparatus may serve as a passive antenna, for example, by connecting to an RRU or a non-distributed base station.
  • the signals, which multiple antenna elements in the first antenna element array 11 are capable to receive may be set as first frequency band signals
  • the signals, which multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21 are capable to receive may be set as second frequency band signals, where the second frequency band includes the first frequency band and covers wider than the first frequency band.
  • Signal band received by the second antenna element array 21 includes signal band received by the first antenna element array 11.
  • the first frequency band signals of the signals output by each antenna element in the second antenna element array 21 may be obtained by filtering, and the first frequency band signals are input into the second combiner-splitter 22, and therefore, all the 2n signals input into the second combiner-splitter 22 are located in the first frequency band, and all the 2m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22 are also located in the first frequency band, thereby implementing 2R receiving in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array 21.
  • all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of signals output by each antenna element in the second antenna element array 21 may be output to an RRU, an RRU module, or a non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • At least one second filter 24 may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and is configured to filter the signals received by n antenna elements to acquire first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • the second filter 24 may be an existing resonator filter.
  • the number of second filters 24 may be equal to the number of the antenna elements in the second antenna element array 21. That is, n second filters 24 are set, two input ports and two output ports may be set on each second filter, and the second filters are configured to receive the signals received in two polarization directions by one antenna element in the second antenna element array 21, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22, so that the first frequency band signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • each second filter 24 may be set, and an input port and an output port may be set on each second filter 24.
  • Each second filter 24 is configured to receive the signals received in one polarization direction by one antenna element in the second antenna element 21, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22, so that the first frequency band signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • one second filter 24 may be set, and 2n input ports and 2n output ports may be set on the second filter 24.
  • the second filter is configured to receive the signals received in two polarization directions by n antenna elements, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter 22, so that the first frequency band signals are combined by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • Described above are only several optional setting manners of a second filter. It is understandable that the number of second filters and the setting of the ports of the second filters may come in many other manners, which are not detailed here any further.
  • At least one second filter 24 is further configured to: output all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the received signals.
  • a third combiner-splitter 25 may be set in the second antenna apparatus.
  • the third combiner-splitter 25 is configured to combine all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the signals output by the at least one second filter 24 into two signals, which are then output to an RRU, an RRU module or a non-distributed base station.
  • Each of the two signals corresponds to one polarization direction of the n antenna elements so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • At least one second filter 24 may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and is configured to filter the 2 m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22 to acquire first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to m pairs of receiving channels 3.
  • the number of second filters 24 may be m , and two input ports and two output ports may be set on each second filter 24.
  • the second filter is configured to receive two signals, in different polarization directions, of the 2 m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to one pair of receiving channels 3 in the m pairs of receiving channels 3.
  • 2m second filters 24 may be set, and one input port and one output port may be set on each second filter 24.
  • the second filter is configured to receive one signal in the 2 m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to one receiving channel 3 in the m pairs of receiving channels 3.
  • one second filter 24 may be set, and 2m input ports and 2m output ports may be set on the second filter 24.
  • the second filter is configured to receive 2 m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22, filter the received signals to acquire the first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to m pairs of receiving channels 3.
  • the at least one second filter 24 is further configured to: output all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the 2 m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter 22.
  • a third combiner-splitter 25 may be set in the second antenna apparatus.
  • the third combiner-splitter 25 is configured to combine all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the 2 m signals output by the at least one second filter 24 into two signals, which are then output to an RRU, an RRU module or a non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • the antenna system may further include: a remote radio unit (not illustrated in the figure).
  • the remote radio unit is configured to receive all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the two signals output by the third combiner-splitter 25, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to the baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • 2 m -to- n combining-dividing networks or a 2 m -to-2 n combining-dividing network may be set in each second antenna apparatus, and m pairs of receiving channels are set in each second antenna apparatus, so as to implement receiving in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array and accomplish a 4R receiving performance gain or a more-than 4R receiving performance gain.
  • the signals, which multiple antenna elements in the first antenna element array are capable to receive may be set as first frequency band signals
  • the signals, which multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array are capable to receive may be set as second frequency band signals, where the second frequency band includes the first frequency band and covers wider than the first frequency band.
  • At least one second filter is set between the second antenna element array and the second combiner-splitter, or, at least one second filter is set between the second combiner-splitter and the receiving channel to filter the signals received by each antenna element in the second antenna element array or the signals output by the second combiner-splitter to acquire first frequency band signals, so as to implement 2R receiving on the first frequency band signals in two polarization directions of the second antenna element array.
  • the signals on other bands than the first frequency band signals of the signals received by at least one second filter may be output, and combined by the third combiner-splitter to obtain two signals, which are then output to an RRU, an RRU module or a non-distributed base station so that the second antenna apparatus can serve as a passive antenna.
  • FIG. 2-FIG. 5 deal with the scenario that the antenna system includes one second antenna apparatus.
  • the antenna system includes multiple second antenna apparatuses, for the structure and the functions of each second antenna apparatuses, refer to the description in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the base station system includes an antenna system.
  • the antenna system includes: a first antenna apparatus, at least one second antenna apparatus, and at least one pair of receiving channels;
  • the second combiner-splitter is configured to combine 2 n signals received by n antenna elements in the second antenna element array into two signals, where n signals of the 2n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions, the other n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions, and each of the two signals corresponds to one polarization direction, where n is an integer greater than 1;
  • Each second antenna apparatus may correspond to one pair of receiving channels, and is configured to receive the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter.
  • the signals received by multiple antenna elements in the first antenna element array may be located in a first frequency band
  • the signals received by multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array may be located in a second frequency band, where the second frequency band includes the first frequency band and covers wider than the first frequency band.
  • At least one first filter may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and is configured to filter the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter to acquire first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to one pair of receiving channels corresponding to the second antenna apparatus.
  • the at least one first filter is further configured to output all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the two signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter.
  • the base station system may further include: a remote radio unit, configured to receive all or part of the two signals output by at least one first filter in the antenna system, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to a baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • a remote radio unit configured to receive all or part of the two signals output by at least one first filter in the antenna system, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to a baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • the base station system provided in this embodiment may further include: a non-distributed base station, configured to receive all or part of the two signals output by at least one first filter in the antenna system, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to a baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • a non-distributed base station configured to receive all or part of the two signals output by at least one first filter in the antenna system, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to a baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • the second combiner-splitter is further configured to combine 2n signals received by n antenna elements in the second antenna element array into 2m signals, where n signals of the 2n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions, the other n signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions, m signals of the 2 m signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions, the other m signals correspond to one of the two different polarization directions, where n and m are integers greater than 1, and m is smaller than or equal to n;
  • Each second antenna apparatus corresponds m pairs of receiving channels 3, each pair of receiving channels may correspond to two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2m signals, and each pair of receiving channels are configured to receive two signals, in two different polarization directions, of the 2 m signals.
  • the signals received by multiple antenna elements in the first antenna element array may be located in a first frequency band
  • the signals received by multiple antenna elements in the second antenna element array may be located in a second frequency band, where the second frequency band includes the first frequency band and covers wider than the first frequency band.
  • At least one second filter may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and is configured to filter the signals received by n antenna elements to acquire first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to the second combiner-splitter.
  • at least one second filter may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and is configured to filter the 2 m signals obtained as a result of combining by the second combiner-splitter to acquire first frequency band signals, and output the first frequency band signals to m pairs of receiving channels.
  • the at least one second filter is further configured to output all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the received signals.
  • a third combiner-splitter may be set in the second antenna apparatus, and is configured to combine all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals of the signals output by the at least one second filter into two signals, each of which corresponds to one polarization direction.
  • the remote radio unit set in the base station system is further configured to receive all or part of the two signals output by the third combiner-splitter in the antenna system, and the two signals obtained as a result of combining all or part of signals other than the first frequency band signals.
  • the non-distributed base station set in the base station system is further configured to receive all or part of the two signals output by the third combiner-splitter, perform frequency translation on the received two signals to obtain two baseband signals, and send the baseband signals to a baseband unit through a digital interface.
  • a combiner-splitter combines the signals received by the passive antenna element array, and at least one pair of receiving channels are used to receive the signals combined by the combiner in different polarization directions in the passive antenna element array, and then frequency translation is performed on the signals received by the receiving channels to obtain baseband signals.
  • the signals in different polarization directions in the passive antenna element array are received, and frequency translation is performed on the signals.
  • the antenna system composed of the active antenna element array and the passive antenna element array in the base station system can accomplish a 4-channel receiving performance gain or more, namely, accomplish a 4R receiving performance gain or more than the 4R receiving performance gain, thereby increasing the receiving performance gain of the system.
  • the passive antenna element array may serve as a passive antenna to meet requirements in different application scenarios.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, and the system includes any base station system described above.
  • the 4-channel receiving manner or the receiving manner of more than 4 channels described above may change properly to implement 4-channel transmitting or transmitting of more than 4 channels.
  • the signal division function of the first filter or the second filter, the signal division function of the second combiner-splitter, or the signal combination function of the third combiner-splitter is applied. Therefore, a corresponding variation may include: changing the corresponding receiving channel to a transmitting and receiving channel, using the signal combination function of the first filter or the second filter, the signal combination function of the second combiner-splitter, and/or the signal division function of the third combiner-splitter are applied. More other variations may apply. Because the transmitting process is generally a reverse process of the receiving process, the structure and the implementation manner are mutually citable between the transmitting process and the receiving process, and are not repeated herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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JP5866701B2 (ja) 2016-02-17
CA2867894C (en) 2017-05-16
EP2814115A2 (en) 2014-12-17
WO2012103830A2 (zh) 2012-08-09
CN103329355B (zh) 2016-01-20
CN103329355A (zh) 2013-09-25
JP2015514345A (ja) 2015-05-18
US8588856B2 (en) 2013-11-19

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