EP2723520B1 - Method and device for continuously casting a profile member blank - Google Patents
Method and device for continuously casting a profile member blank Download PDFInfo
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- EP2723520B1 EP2723520B1 EP20110740698 EP11740698A EP2723520B1 EP 2723520 B1 EP2723520 B1 EP 2723520B1 EP 20110740698 EP20110740698 EP 20110740698 EP 11740698 A EP11740698 A EP 11740698A EP 2723520 B1 EP2723520 B1 EP 2723520B1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure
- B22D11/081—Starter bars
- B22D11/083—Starter bar head; Means for connecting or detaching starter bars and ingots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/009—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of work of special cross-section, e.g. I-beams, U-profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the continuous casting of a blank of a metal profile whose cross section comprises at least one concavity portion facing outwardly of the section, and in particular of a section steel section. H especially having a small cross section locally.
- H, U, L, I or T section steel sections are made from square or rectangular section products which are hot rolled in suitable rolling mills.
- This rolling generally comprises a number of roughing passes which make it possible to obtain blanks, which then undergo a plurality of finishing passes intended to give the final shape to the profile.
- This manufacturing process has the disadvantage of requiring a large number of expensive rolling passes and consuming energy.
- the direct manufacturing process by continuous casting profile blank was implemented to produce profiles of relatively large size, the blanks having minimum dimensions of about 300/700 / 50mm, which corresponds to a linear weight of 500 kg / m.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a means for carrying out the continuous casting of profile blank having a section of shape close to the desired final section, having small dimensions corresponding to linear weights substantially less than 500kg / linear m can even be of the order of twenty kilos per linear meter, without leading to incidents of casting or damage to equipment.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the continuous casting of a blank of a metal profile whose cross section comprises at least one portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the profile, according to which a liquid metal in a continuous casting mold comprising a cooled mold body, the mold body defining a cross section casting channel corresponding to the cross section of the blank, the casting channel cross section comprising at least two adjacent portions connected by a concave portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the casting channel, the casting channel of the mold having a conicity C, a length L C , a minimum transverse thickness E min , the core of the blank having a solidification time t s .
- Vmin (L C / t s ) x A / (A + L c CE min ).
- a mannequin head having a base and a refractory separation blade secured to the base and adapted to obstruct one of said adjacent portions of the cross section of the channel. casting on at least a portion of the length of the casting channel of the mold body extending from the base towards the inside of the casting channel of the mold body, then the liquid metal is started to flow and set in motion the mannequin head towards the outside of the mold.
- the casting mold may further comprise a connecting ring and a refractory riser.
- the refractory separation blade is then adapted to extend at least to the junction between the riser and the connecting ring.
- the profile may comprise a core connected to at least one wing and the portion of the cross section of the pouring channel obstructed by the refractory separation blade is the portion of the cross section of the casting channel corresponding to the core of the profile.
- the profile is for example an H, U, I, L or T profile with a linear density of less than 500 kg / m.
- the speed of the manikin head is changed from 0 m / s to a start speed Vd greater than the minimum extraction speed Vmin, in a start time Ta for example between 0.5 s and 1.5 s, the starting speed is maintained during a start-up time Td, preferably between 5 s and 20 s, and the speed of the manikin head is gradually increased to a casting speed Vc preferably between 4 m / min and 12 m / min.
- the liquid metal is, for example, steel.
- the temperature of the liquid metal is adjusted so that the superheat in the booster is preferably between 10 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the subject of the invention is also a mannequin head for implementing the method according to the invention, comprising a base of a shape adapted to slide by obstructing it in the pouring channel of a continuous casting mold of a draft of a profile whose cross section comprises at least two adjacent portions connected by a concave portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the blank, at least one mooring means of the solidified metal and at least one means for sealing of the base one.
- the manikin head further comprises a refractory separation blade extending above the upper face of the base, the cross section of the separator being adapted to obstruct one of said portions of the cross section of the casting channel. leaving free the other portion (s).
- the separation blade comprises a metal plate of generally rectangular shape and a coating of flexible refractory material.
- the metal plate has a plurality of holes and the coating is for example made of a refractory fiber foam sock slipped onto the metal plate and sewn with refractory metal son.
- the coating of refractory material may also consist of a braid of refractory fibers, wound around the metal plate.
- the metal plate of the separator is integral with the clamping plate of the refractory joint.
- the clamping plate of the refractory gasket comprises at least one hole and a solid metal mooring means which is a fixing pin of the clamping plate comprising a head for mooring the cast metal and a rod comprising a thread extending through the hole of the clamping plate and screwed into a threaded hole in the base.
- a solid metal mooring means which is a fixing pin of the clamping plate comprising a head for mooring the cast metal and a rod comprising a thread extending through the hole of the clamping plate and screwed into a threaded hole in the base.
- the base and the clamping plate have a shape adapted to the casting of profile blanks, for example in the form of H, U, I, T or L, profiles whose smallest dimension is included, for example, between 10 and 25 mm.
- the invention applies to the casting of profile blanks whose section has a shape comprising at least one concavity facing outwards so that there is at least one line joining two points of contact. solid skin forming during casting and coming out of the casting section.
- the section of a blank of a profile which corresponds to this definition is shown.
- This is the blank of an H profile which comprises a core blank 1 connecting two wing blanks 2 and 3.
- the cross section of the profile comprises a portion 4 whose concavity is oriented outwards.
- the cross section has four portions having concavities oriented outwardly of the profile.
- This figure shows the characteristic dimensions of a profile which are the height H, the width of the wings L and the thickness of the core E. These dimensions identify the profile and define its linear weight.
- the figure also shows the circle of diameter D corresponding to the junction between the soul and the wing and which allows to determine the maximum massivity of section elements of the section.
- the profile that one wishes to manufacture is an IPE100 whose height H is 100mm, the width L of the wings is 50mm and the thickness of the core E is 5mm
- the resulting blank directly by continuous casting to manufacture in satisfactory conditions the profile considered has a height H of 110mm, a width of the wings L of 70mm and a thickness of the soul E of 12mm.
- Such a blank has a linear weight of 25kg / m.
- the continuous casting mold generally marked with 10 comprises a copper mold body 11 cooled by a circulation of water in a plurality of channels 13.
- This mold body delimits a pouring channel 12 whose cross section has substantially the shape of the section of the draft of the product that one wishes to manufacture.
- the H-shaped casting channel 12 comprises a first portion 110 intended to form the core of the blank, and two portions 111 A and 111 B intended to form the wings of the blank.
- the portions 111A and 111B are not in line with the portion 110 to which they are connected by fillets defining portions 112A and 112B having an outwardly oriented concavity of the pouring channel.
- the entire casting channel is surrounded by a plurality of channels 13 for circulating a cooling fluid such as water to cool the mold and thus ensure the solidification of the metal as is known to those skilled in the art in continuous casting.
- the casting channel 12 In the longitudinal direction, the casting channel 12, has a shape having a draft adapted to be able to continuously flow the profile. This clearance corresponds to the conicity of the mold which results from an evolution of the profile between the inlet and the outlet of the casting channel intended to absorb the effects of solidification on the geometry of the blank during its passage in the mold.
- the inlet and outlet profiles 12A and 12B of the casting channel of an ingot mold for casting an H profile are shown.
- the casting channel comprises a central part connecting two lateral flanges. .
- the profiles of the central parts 1 A input and 1 B output, have substantially identical thicknesses.
- the length of the central outlet portion is slightly smaller than that of the central entrance portion, so that the profiles of the outlet wings 2B and 2'B are brought closer to each other relative to each other. at the entrance wings 2A and 2'A. It is the same fillet connecting the wings with the core 4A, 4'A and 4B, 4'B inlet and outlet ingotière respectively.
- the distance d A of the points A and A 'of the connection leaves 4A and 4A' of the input profile is greater than the distance d B of the corresponding points B and B 'of the connection leaves of the output profile.
- L C is the length of the casting channel of the mold
- the conicity is, by definition, equal to (d A -d B ) / (d A * L C ) and is expressed in m -1 .
- the mold body 11 is surmounted by a connecting ring 14 of resistant refractory, separated from the upper face of the mold body 11 by a gap 15 through which a neutral gas such as argon can be blown.
- the connecting ring 14 has a central passage 14A of shape corresponding to the shape of the casting channel of the body of the mold.
- the connecting ring 14 is surmounted by a refractory riser 16 whose hollow central portion 16A is in the form of an upwardly flared funnel and whose bottom has an outlet opening of shape corresponding to the shape of the central passage 14A of the connecting ring 14.
- the nozzle 24 is also shown, through which liquid steel is poured into the casting mold to feed the liquid steel bath 25 which begins to solidify in the zone corresponding to the casting channel 12 of the copper mold body. 11.
- This beginning of solidification creates an outer shell 26 and a central portion 27 corresponding to the core of the blank whose apex 28 corresponds to the beginning of complete solidification of the core.
- the length of the casting channel of the mold body is L C
- the solidified top 28 of the core is at a distance L S below the start of the casting channel of the mold body.
- the length L s is lower than L C which means that the core is fully solidified before the exit of the mold, while on both sides of the soul, the end of solidification is further.
- the central core and the two lateral wings have different thicknesses (or massivities) and, as a result, have different solidification times.
- the thinnest part of the profile is the central part of the blank. This therefore has a lower solidification time than the other parts of the profile.
- the person skilled in the art knows how to determine this minimum solidification time as a function, in particular, of the geometry of the blank to be produced, and of the composition of the metal which is cast and the intensity of the cooling.
- the inventors have found in a new way that, at the outlet of the mold, at least the parts the most massive of the blank should not be completely solidified and secondly, that complete solidification of the thinnest part of the blank should not take place too far upstream of the exit of the mold.
- the rate of extraction of the blank must always remain greater than a minimum extraction speed to ensure that there is not too much solidification of the blank at the outlet of the mold to avoid blocking the blank.
- This minimum extraction rate is a function of the length of the casting channel of the mold, the minimum thickness of the blank and the nature of the cast metal. In addition, the inventors have found that this minimum speed also depends on the conicity of the mold.
- the thinnest part that is to say the web of the profile is fully solidified at a distance L s of the beginning of the mold 11 itself whose length of the channel is L C.
- This distance L s of end of solidification of the core of the profile corresponds to the distance traveled by a slice of liquid steel in the mold during the solidification time t s of the soul, proportional to the square of half of the minimum thickness E min of it. If V is the extraction rate, the solidification end length of the core L s is equal to V xt s .
- the minimum extraction rate is substantially reduced.
- the minimum extraction rate is 2.48m / min instead of 5.9m / min. for a zero taper.
- the distributors must have sufficient capacity to power casting at minimum speed during the change of pocket.
- the extraction rate V 1 is high in order to obtain good productivity.
- the extraction speed is gradually reduced to a low speed which, contrary to what is possible with products of large section, must not be zero and must stay above the minimum speed as defined above. This minimum speed is maintained for a time ⁇ t necessary to replace the empty bag with a full bag.
- V 2 which may be less than, equal to or greater than the speed V 1 , depending on the circumstances.
- the amount of liquid steel consumed is proportional to the product of the minimum speed Vmin by the duration ⁇ t of the deceleration, taking into account the number of pouring lines. This quantity must remain less than the quantity available in the distributor.
- the extraction speed is initially zero, which is not compatible with the condition indicated above.
- the inventors have devised a particular starting procedure for progressively moving from zero speed to a starting speed Vd greater than or equal to the minimum extraction speed defined above, but less than a maximum starting speed Vdmax at above which there may be rupture of the solidified shell of the product because it is too thin.
- Vd a starting speed
- Vdmax a maximum starting speed
- the liquid metal poured into the mold must partially solidify, in particular in contact with the dummy disposed in the ingot mold to start the casting, in order to anchor the blank on the mold. dummy.
- this anchoring makes it possible to start the extraction of the solidified product and thus start the casting.
- the inventors have found that in order to be able to speed up without blocking the blank during this priming period, it is necessary to avoid solidification of the thinnest parts of the blank. Also, they have imagined to dispose above the head of the pouring manikin, a refractory separator inserted in the part of the mold intended to mold the thinnest part of the blank, in order to prevent solidification in this zone. during the priming phase. During the initiation of the casting, the separator is gradually extracted from the mold. In order for the initiation of the casting to take place under satisfactory conditions, it is necessary that at the moment when the upper end of the separator leaves the mold, the state of solidification of the blank at the outlet of the mold is compatible with the conditions indicated above to avoid jamming.
- the length of the separator and the process parameters must be adapted accordingly. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the minimum length necessary according to the characteristics of the mold, the cast metal and the kinetics of extraction of the manikins during the priming phase.
- This procedure is suitable for continuous casting both with a straight mold and with a curved mold, the mold being of conventional type or having a refractory riser as is known for the so-called continuous casting "in charge”.
- a mannequin head 17 Inside the casting channel 12 of the mold body, is disposed a mannequin head 17 having a base 18 connected to the mannequin body 19 for pulling the mannequin head down to extract it from the mold
- the base 18 of the manikin head is surmounted by a separator 20 having a base 21 conforming to the shape of the pouring channel and a separating blade 22 extending upwards.
- the upper end 22A of the separation blade 22 is located above the connecting ring 14.
- the head of the manikin comprises for example also two dowels. mooring 23 fixed in the base on either side of the separation plate and whose heads extend above the base, inside the casting channel.
- the refractory separation blade 22 is disposed inside the central portion 110 of the pouring channel.
- This refractory separation blade comprises a central frame 220 surrounded by a refractory coating 240 made of refractory fibers having a certain flexibility such that the separating blade completely obstructs the portion 110 by preventing the continuous infiltration of liquid metal between the wall of the ingot mold body and the surface of the separation blade which would be likely to create a junction between the two wings of the profile, and adapts to variations in width of the portion 110 resulting from the draft.
- the solid shell corresponding to the beginning of the solidification of the blank extends around the periphery of the end portions 111A and 111B, in particular in the portions 112A and 112B having concavities facing outwardly of the channel. casting.
- the mannequin head comprises a base 18 having a shape adapted to slide inside a casting channel.
- the separator 20 which comprises a base 21 and a separator blade 22.
- the separator 20 consists of a metal frame generally identified by 200 to the figure 4 and which comprises a lower clamp plate 210 and a center frame.
- the clamping plate 210 is of identical shape to the shape of the base 18 of the manikin head and has holes 211 allowing the passage of the anchor bolts 23 which are screwed into threaded holes 23A provided in the base
- the central armature consists of a rectangular metal plate 220 extending above the base clamping plate 210 and having a plurality of holes 221.
- the clamping plate 210 is disposed at the above the base 18 of the manikin head on which is disposed a fibrous refractory seal 230 held in place by clamping the clamping plate 210 which itself is covered with fibrous refractory material.
- the central armature 220 for arming the separating blade is wrapped by a fiber sock refractory 240 held in position by platinum son 241 which pass through the holes 221 provided in the central frame.
- the refractory fiber sock was obtained from a strip of 25mm thick SWB607 / 128 plies which was cut in half thickness like a sandwich, so as to be inserted around the metal plate. Then, after being moored to the metal plate by the platinum wires, the part having undergone the cutting was glued along the junction line 242 by a very thin layer of Refracol No. 3 so that the liquid steel does not reach the plate during casting.
- the refractory SW607-128 (Surperwool TM 607 TM Blanket) manufactured by Morgan Thermal Ceramics. It consists of about 62 to 68% SiO 2 , 26 to 32% CaO and 3 to 7% MgO.
- Refracol TM No. 3 Adhesive is a Class B Class PRE grout refractory cement consisting of about 12 to 14% Al 2 O 3 , 82 to 87% SiO 2 and 0.35% Fe 2 O 3 . .
- a second embodiment shown in figure 10 which differs from the previous one only by the refractory coating of the armature of the separating blade, it does not consist of a sock made from a sheet of refractory material but is obtained by winding around the central reinforcing plate a braid 440 made of refractory fiber, for example of the alkaline earth silicate type consisting of 60 to 70% SiO 2 and 30 to 40% CaO + MgO.
- refractory braids are known in themselves to those skilled in the art.
- This first phase is a priming phase during which a solid steel shell is formed in areas of the mold which are not obstructed.
- This Shell covers the heads of the anchor studs which ensures its anchoring to the mannequin head.
- the extraction speed is accelerated until time t 3 so as to reach the casting speed Vc that is maintained throughout the remainder of the casting of the blank.
- This speed Vc is the speed of steady-state casting.
- the inventors have found that for the initiation of the rough casting having a linear weight of less than 500 kg / m, or even less than 300 kg / m, or even less than 100 kg / m and even less than 50 kg / m, under good conditions, it was necessary that only one of the two parts of the pour channel located on either side of a concave zone is filled with liquid metal and that the other is well obstructed.
- the inventors have also found that the ignition time Ta which flows between time t 0 and time t 1 must be between 0.5 s and 1.5 s and that the speed V d of start is greater than the minimum extraction speed corresponding to the profile considered. They also found that the starting speed Vd should be maintained during a start time Td preferably between 5s and 20s. With these conditions, it is possible to progressively change the extraction speed of the manikin to a casting speed Vc included, in steady state, between 4m / min and 12m / min, for example.
- the inventors have found, finally, that when the metal is steel, the overheating of the liquid metal in the booster, that is to say the difference between the temperature of the liquid metal and the temperature of the solidus should preferably be between 10 ° C and 40 ° C.
- the inventors have been able to start and flow in good conditions the continuous casting of blanks whose nominal dimensions are 110 mm, 70 mm and 12 mm, which corresponds to a linear weight of approximately 25 kg / m. with the following parameters: starting speed 3m / min, ignition time 1s, starting time between 5 and 15s and casting speed of order 10m / min.
- This blank makes it possible to manufacture a profile of the type IPE 100 with just six passes to finishing with hot rolling.
- the extraction rate should not fall below 2.84 m / min for a length of mold of 390 mm and a conicity of 20 for 1000.
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Description
La présente invention est relative à la coulée en continue d'une ébauche d'un profilé métallique dont la section transversale comporte au moins une portion de concavité orientée vers l'extérieur du profilé, et en particulier d'un profilé en acier de section en H notamment, présentant une section transversale de petite dimension localement.The present invention relates to the continuous casting of a blank of a metal profile whose cross section comprises at least one concavity portion facing outwardly of the section, and in particular of a section steel section. H especially having a small cross section locally.
De façon classique, les profilés en acier de section en H, en U, en L, en I ou en T, sont fabriqués à partir de demi-produits de section carrée ou rectangulaire qui sont laminés à chaud dans des trains de laminoir adaptés. Ce laminage comprend en général un certain nombre de passes de dégrossissage qui permettent d'obtenir des ébauches, lesquelles subissent alors une pluralité de passes de finition destinées à donner la forme finale au profilé. Ce procédé de fabrication a l'inconvénient de nécessiter un nombre important de passes de laminage coûteuses et consommatrices d'énergie.Typically, H, U, L, I or T section steel sections are made from square or rectangular section products which are hot rolled in suitable rolling mills. This rolling generally comprises a number of roughing passes which make it possible to obtain blanks, which then undergo a plurality of finishing passes intended to give the final shape to the profile. This manufacturing process has the disadvantage of requiring a large number of expensive rolling passes and consuming energy.
Afin de réduire le coût de production de ces profilés et la consommation d'énergie correspondante, il a été proposé de fabriquer directement par coulée continue des ébauches de profilés dont la section a une forme proche de la forme finale souhaitée. L'utilisation de telles ébauches a l'avantage d'éviter d'avoir à réaliser des passes de laminage de dégrossissage et de réduire ainsi à la fois le nombre de passes de laminage et l'énergie de réchauffage qui est nécessaire lorsqu'on part d'un demi-produit telle qu'une billette de section carrée. A titre d'exemple, la fabrication d'un profilé du type IPE100 ayant une section de 100/50/5mm, nécessite six passes d'ébauchage et dix passes de finition. S'il était possible de fabriquer par coulée continue directement une ébauche de section en forme généralement en I de dimension 110/70/12mm (ayant un poids métrique de 25kg/m), il serait possible de fabriquer l'IPE100 par un laminage comprenant simplement six passes de finition.In order to reduce the production cost of these profiles and the corresponding energy consumption, it has been proposed to directly manufacture by continuous casting blanks of sections whose section has a shape close to the desired final shape. The use of such blanks has the advantage of avoiding having to make roughing rolling passes and thus reduce both the number of rolling passes and the heating energy that is required when starting. a semi-finished product such as a billet of square section. By way of example, the manufacture of a profile of the IPE100 type having a section of 100/50 / 5mm requires six roughing passes and ten finishing passes. If it was possible to manufacture directly by continuous casting a blank section generally shaped I of
Le procédé de fabrication directe par coulée continue d'ébauche de profilé a été mis en oeuvre pour fabriquer des profilés de dimension relativement importante, les ébauches ayant des dimensions minimales d'environ 300/700/50mm, ce qui correspond à un poids linéique de 500 kg/m.The direct manufacturing process by continuous casting profile blank was implemented to produce profiles of relatively large size, the blanks having minimum dimensions of about 300/700 / 50mm, which corresponds to a linear weight of 500 kg / m.
La réalisation de profilés ayant des dimensions plus faibles rencontre des difficultés pendant les périodes transitoires qui correspondent, par exemple, aux changements de poche lors de la coulée en séquence de poches successives ou à des périodes de gestion d'incidents de coulée.The production of profiles having smaller dimensions encounters difficulties during the transient periods which correspond, for example, to pocket changes during the sequential casting of successive pockets or to casting incident management periods.
En général, pendant de telles périodes, il est nécessaire de ralentir considérablement voire d'arrêter la coulée pendant un temps suffisant. Lorsque les profilés sont de dimension importante, cela est possible sans difficultés. En revanche, lorsque les profilés sont de plus petite dimension et notamment lorsqu'ils ont un poids linéique inférieur à 500 kg/m, on constate d'importantes difficultés au redémarrage telles que des coincements.In general, during such periods, it is necessary to slow down considerably or stop the casting for a sufficient time. When the profiles are large, this is possible without difficulty. On the other hand, when the profiles are smaller and especially when they have a linear weight of less than 500 kg / m, there are significant difficulties in restarting such as jamming.
Ces difficultés existent également au démarrage de la coulée qui est une phase transitoire particulière.These difficulties also exist at the start of the casting which is a particular transitional phase.
Par ailleurs, la coulée de produits de petites dimensions présente des difficultés pour introduire dans la lingotière de coulée continue du métal liquide avec des conditions d'écoulement permettant d'obtenir une bonne qualité de surface des ébauches.Furthermore, the casting of small products presents difficulties in introducing into the mold of continuous casting of the liquid metal with flow conditions to obtain a good surface quality of the blanks.
Pour résoudre le problème de l'écoulement du métal liquide, on a proposé, notamment dans la demande de brevet
On a essayé d'utiliser le procédé qui vient d'être décrit pour fabriquer des ébauches de profilé ayant un poids linéique de l'ordre de 25kg/m. Pour cela, avant la coulée, on a disposé dans le corps de la lingotière, une tête de mannequin comme cela se fait classiquement en coulée continue, puis on a versé le métal liquide dans la lingotière et on a commencé à déplacer le mannequin vers le bas pour extraire le produit coulé. Ces essais ont montré que le procédé ne permettait pas d'effectuer un démarrage de la coulée dans des conditions satisfaisantes. En effet, lorsque l'accélération est trop grande, on observe des ruptures du produit coulé peu de temps après le démarrage de la coulée, ce qui ne permet pas de couler le produit. Lorsque l'accélération au démarrage est trop faible, on observe un blocage de l'ébauche dans la lingotière qui oblige à arrêter la coulée. Il n'a donc pas été possible d'obtenir des ébauches de profilé de petites dimensions par coulée continue directe.Attempts have been made to use the process just described to produce profile blanks having a linear weight of the order of 25 kg /
Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un moyen pour réaliser la coulée continue d'ébauche de profilé ayant une section de forme proche de la section finale souhaitée, ayant des dimensions faibles correspondant à des poids linéiques sensiblement inférieurs à 500kg/m linéaire pouvant même être de l'ordre d'une vingtaine de kilos par mètre linéaire, sans conduire à des incidents de coulée ou à des détériorations de matériel.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a means for carrying out the continuous casting of profile blank having a section of shape close to the desired final section, having small dimensions corresponding to linear weights substantially less than 500kg / linear m can even be of the order of twenty kilos per linear meter, without leading to incidents of casting or damage to equipment.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de coulée continue d'une ébauche d'un profilé métallique dont la section transversale comporte au moins une portion dont la concavité est orientée vers l'extérieur du profilé, selon lequel on coule un métal liquide dans une lingotière de coulée continue comprenant un corps de lingotière refroidi, le corps de lingotière définissant un canal de coulée de section transversale correspondant à la section transversale de l'ébauche, la section transversale du canal de coulée comprenant au moins deux portions adjacentes reliées par une portion concave dont la concavité est orientée vers l'extérieur du canal de coulée, le canal de coulée de la lingotière ayant une conicité C, une longueur LC, une épaisseur transversale minimale Emin, l'âme de l'ébauche ayant un temps de solidification ts. Selon ce procédé, dès que l'amorçage est réalisé, on maintient la vitesse d'extraction au-dessus d'une vitesse d'extraction minimale Vmin égale à : Vmin = (LC/ts) x A/(A + LcCEmin).To this end, the subject of the invention is a process for the continuous casting of a blank of a metal profile whose cross section comprises at least one portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the profile, according to which a liquid metal in a continuous casting mold comprising a cooled mold body, the mold body defining a cross section casting channel corresponding to the cross section of the blank, the casting channel cross section comprising at least two adjacent portions connected by a concave portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the casting channel, the casting channel of the mold having a conicity C, a length L C , a minimum transverse thickness E min , the core of the blank having a solidification time t s . According to this method, as soon as the priming is carried out, the extraction rate is maintained above a minimum extraction speed Vmin equal to: Vmin = (L C / t s ) x A / (A + L c CE min ).
Pour assurer le démarrage, avant de couler du métal liquide, on dispose dans la lingotière une tête de mannequin comportant une embase et une lame de séparation réfractaire solidaire de l'embase et adaptée pour obstruer une desdites portions adjacentes de la section transversale du canal de coulée sur au moins une partie de la longueur du canal de coulée du corps de lingotière s'étendant depuis l'embase vers l'intérieur du canal de coulée du corps de lingotière, puis on commence à couler le métal liquide et on met en mouvement la tête de mannequin en direction de l'extérieur de la lingotière.To ensure startup, before pouring liquid metal, is placed in the mold a mannequin head having a base and a refractory separation blade secured to the base and adapted to obstruct one of said adjacent portions of the cross section of the channel. casting on at least a portion of the length of the casting channel of the mold body extending from the base towards the inside of the casting channel of the mold body, then the liquid metal is started to flow and set in motion the mannequin head towards the outside of the mold.
La lingotière de coulée peut, en outre, comprendre un anneau de liaison et une rehausse réfractaire. La lame de séparation réfractaire est alors adaptée pour s'étendre au moins jusqu'à la jonction entre la rehausse et l'anneau de liaison.The casting mold may further comprise a connecting ring and a refractory riser. The refractory separation blade is then adapted to extend at least to the junction between the riser and the connecting ring.
Le profilé peut comprendre une âme reliée à au moins une aile et la portion de la section transversale du canal de coulée obstruée par la lame de séparation réfractaire est la portion de la section transversale du canal de coulée correspondant à l'âme du profilé.The profile may comprise a core connected to at least one wing and the portion of the cross section of the pouring channel obstructed by the refractory separation blade is the portion of the cross section of the casting channel corresponding to the core of the profile.
Le profilé est par exemple un profilé en H, en U, en I, en L ou en T, de masse linéique inférieure à 500 kg/m.The profile is for example an H, U, I, L or T profile with a linear density of less than 500 kg / m.
Lors de la mise en mouvement de la tête de mannequin, on fait passer la vitesse de la tête de mannequin de 0 m/s à une vitesse de démarrage Vd supérieure à la vitesse d'extraction minimale Vmin, en un temps d'amorçage Ta compris par exemple entre 0,5 s et 1,5 s, on maintient la vitesse de démarrage pendant un temps de démarrage Td compris, de préférence, entre 5 s et 20 s, et on amène progressivement la vitesse de la tête de mannequin à une vitesse de coulée Vc comprise, de préférence, entre 4 m/min et 12 m/min.When moving the manikin head, the speed of the manikin head is changed from 0 m / s to a start speed Vd greater than the minimum extraction speed Vmin, in a start time Ta for example between 0.5 s and 1.5 s, the starting speed is maintained during a start-up time Td, preferably between 5 s and 20 s, and the speed of the manikin head is gradually increased to a casting speed Vc preferably between 4 m / min and 12 m / min.
Le métal liquide est par exemple de l'acier. Dans ce cas, la température du métal liquide est ajustée pour que la surchauffe dans la rehausse soit comprise de préférence entre 10 °C et 60 °C.The liquid metal is, for example, steel. In this case, the temperature of the liquid metal is adjusted so that the superheat in the booster is preferably between 10 ° C and 60 ° C.
L'invention a également pour objet une tête de mannequin pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, comprenant une embase de forme adaptée pour coulisser en l'obstruant dans le canal de coulée d'un moule de coulée continue d'une ébauche d'un profilé dont la section transversale comprend au moins deux portions adjacentes reliées par une portion concave dont la concavité est orientée vers l'extérieur de l'ébauche, au moins un moyen d'amarrage du métal solidifié et au moins un moyen d'étanchéité de l'embase un . La tête de mannequin, comprend, en outre, une lame de séparation réfractaire s'étendant au-dessus de la face supérieure de l'embase, la section transversale du séparateur étant adaptée pour obstruer une desdites portions de la section transversale du canal de coulée en laissant libre la ou les autres portions.The subject of the invention is also a mannequin head for implementing the method according to the invention, comprising a base of a shape adapted to slide by obstructing it in the pouring channel of a continuous casting mold of a draft of a profile whose cross section comprises at least two adjacent portions connected by a concave portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the blank, at least one mooring means of the solidified metal and at least one means for sealing of the base one. The manikin head further comprises a refractory separation blade extending above the upper face of the base, the cross section of the separator being adapted to obstruct one of said portions of the cross section of the casting channel. leaving free the other portion (s).
De préférence, la lame de séparation comprend une plaque métallique de forme généralement rectangulaire et un enrobage en matériau réfractaire souple.Preferably, the separation blade comprises a metal plate of generally rectangular shape and a coating of flexible refractory material.
De préférence, la plaque métallique comporte une pluralité de trous et l'enrobage est par exemple constitué d'une chaussette en mousse en fibres réfractaire enfilée sur la plaque métallique et cousue à l'aide de fils en métal réfractaire.Preferably, the metal plate has a plurality of holes and the coating is for example made of a refractory fiber foam sock slipped onto the metal plate and sewn with refractory metal son.
L'enrobage en matériau réfractaire peut également être constitué d'une tresse en fibres réfractaires, enroulée autour de la plaque métallique.The coating of refractory material may also consist of a braid of refractory fibers, wound around the metal plate.
De préférence, la plaque métallique du séparateur est solidaire de la plaque de serrage du joint réfractaire.Preferably, the metal plate of the separator is integral with the clamping plate of the refractory joint.
De préférence, la plaque de serrage du joint réfractaire comprend au moins un trou et un moyen d'amarrage du métal solide qui est un goujon de fixation de la plaque de serrage comprenant une tête pour l'amarrage du métal coulé et une tige comportant un filetage s'étendant à travers le trou de la plaque de serrage et vissée dans un trou fileté de l'embase.Preferably, the clamping plate of the refractory gasket comprises at least one hole and a solid metal mooring means which is a fixing pin of the clamping plate comprising a head for mooring the cast metal and a rod comprising a thread extending through the hole of the clamping plate and screwed into a threaded hole in the base.
L'embase et la plaque de serrage ont une forme adaptée à la coulée d'ébauches de profilés par exemple en forme de H, de U, de I, de T ou de L, profilés dont .la dimension la plus petite est comprise, par exemple, entre 10 et 25 mm.The base and the clamping plate have a shape adapted to the casting of profile blanks, for example in the form of H, U, I, T or L, profiles whose smallest dimension is included, for example, between 10 and 25 mm.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite de façon plus précise mais non limitative en regard des figures annexées dans lesquelles :
- La
figure 1 est une vue schématique de la section d'une ébauche de profilé en H. - La
figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une lingotière de coulée en continue d'une ébauche de profilé, en cours de coulée. - La
figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale de la lingotière de coulée continue de lafigure 2 . - La
figure 4 est un schéma mettant en évidence la conicité d'une lingotière. - La
figure 5 est un schéma de variation de vitesse de coulée pendant une période transitoire. - La
figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale de la lingotière de lafigure 2 , équipée d'un mannequin de coulée, au stade du démarrage de la coulée. - La
figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale de la lingotière de lafigure 6 . - La
figure 8 est une vue schématique en perspective de l'armature métallique d'un séparateur de tête de mannequin pour le démarrage de la coulée continue d'un profilé de petite dimension. - La
figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une tête de mannequin avec séparateur pour le démarrage de la coulée continue d'ébauche de profilé de petite dimension. - La
figure 10 est une vue en perspective d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une tête de mannequin de coulée continue d'une ébauche de profilé de petite dimension. - La
figure 11 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une tête de mannequin de coulée continue d'ébauche de profilé attachée à un corps de mannequin. - La
figure 12 est un schéma de la montée en vitesse d'extraction d'une tête de mannequin pour la coulée continue d'ébauche de profilé de petite dimension.
- The
figure 1 is a schematic view of the section of an H profile blank. - The
figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a continuous casting mold of a profile blank, during casting. - The
figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous casting mold of thefigure 2 . - The
figure 4 is a diagram highlighting the conicity of an ingot mold. - The
figure 5 is a diagram of variation of casting speed during a transient period. - The
figure 6 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the mold of thefigure 2 , equipped with a casting manikin, at the start of the casting stage. - The
figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the mold of thefigure 6 . - The
figure 8 is a schematic perspective view of the metal frame of a manikin head separator for starting the continuous casting of a small profile. - The
figure 9 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a manikin head with separator for starting the continuous casting of profile blank of small dimension. - The
figure 10 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a continuous casting mannequin head of a small profile blank. - The
figure 11 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of a mannequin head of a profile blank continuous casting attached to a mannequin body. - The
figure 12 is a diagram of the increase in extraction speed of a manikin head for the continuous casting of small profile blanks.
D'une façon générale, l'invention s'applique à la coulée d'ébauches de profilés dont la section a une forme comportant au moins une concavité tournée vers l'extérieur de sorte qu'il existe au moins une ligne joignant deux points de la peau solide en formation au cours de la coulée et sortant de la section coulée.In general, the invention applies to the casting of profile blanks whose section has a shape comprising at least one concavity facing outwards so that there is at least one line joining two points of contact. solid skin forming during casting and coming out of the casting section.
A la
A titre d'exemple, si le profilé qu'on souhaite fabriquer est un IPE100 dont la hauteur H est de 100mm, la largeur L des ailes est de 50mm et l'épaisseur de l'âme E est de 5mm, l'ébauche obtenue directement par coulée continue permettant de fabriquer dans des conditions satisfaisantes le profilé considéré, a une hauteur H de 110mm, une largeur des ailes L de 70mm et une épaisseur de l'âme E de 12mm. Une telle ébauche a un poids linéique de 25kg/m.By way of example, if the profile that one wishes to manufacture is an IPE100 whose height H is 100mm, the width L of the wings is 50mm and the thickness of the core E is 5mm, the resulting blank directly by continuous casting to manufacture in satisfactory conditions the profile considered, has a height H of 110mm, a width of the wings L of 70mm and a thickness of the soul E of 12mm. Such a blank has a linear weight of 25kg / m.
Pour couler en continu une telle ébauche, on peut utiliser une machine de coulée continue dont on a représenté à la
La lingotière de coulée continue repérée généralement par 10 comporte un corps de lingotière en cuivre 11 refroidi par une circulation d'eau dans une pluralité de canaux 13. Ce corps de lingotière délimite un canal de coulée 12 dont la section transversale a sensiblement la forme de la section de l'ébauche du produit que l'on souhaite fabriquer. Comme on peut le voir à la
Dans le sens longitudinal, le canal de coulée 12, a une forme comportant une dépouille adaptée pour pouvoir couler en continu le profilé. Cette dépouille correspond à la conicité de la lingotière qui résulte d'une évolution du profil entre l'entrée et la sortie du canal de coulée destinée à absorber les effets de la solidification sur la géométrie de l'ébauche au cours de son passage dans la lingotière. A la
Si LC est la longueur du canal de coulée de la lingotière, la conicité est, par définition, égale à (dA-dB) / (dA*LC) et s'exprime en m-1.If L C is the length of the casting channel of the mold, the conicity is, by definition, equal to (d A -d B ) / (d A * L C ) and is expressed in m -1 .
Le corps de lingotière 11 est surmonté d'un anneau de liaison 14 en réfractaire résistant, séparé de la face supérieure du corps de lingotière 11 par un interstice 15 par lequel on peut souffler un gaz neutre tel que de l'argon. L'anneau de liaison 14 comporte un passage central 14A de forme correspondant à la forme du canal de coulée du corps de la lingotière. L'anneau de liaison 14 est surmonté par une rehausse réfractaire 16 dont la partie centrale creuse 16A est en forme d'entonnoir évasé vers le haut et dont le bas a une ouverture de sortie de forme correspondant à la forme du passage central 14A de l'anneau de liaison 14.The
Sur la
En effet, l'âme centrale et les deux ailes latérales ont des épaisseurs (ou des massivités) différentes et, de ce fait, ont des durées de solidification différentes. En effet, l'homme de métier sait que l'épaisseur e solidifiée au bout d'un temps t peut être exprimée par une relation du type
En général, la partie la plus mince du profilé est la partie centrale de l'ébauche. Celle-ci a donc un temps de solidification plus faible que celui des autres parties du profilé. L'homme de métier sait déterminer ce temps de solidification minimal en fonction notamment de la géométrie de l'ébauche à fabriquer, et de la composition du métal qui est coulé et de l'intensité du refroidissement.In general, the thinnest part of the profile is the central part of the blank. This therefore has a lower solidification time than the other parts of the profile. The person skilled in the art knows how to determine this minimum solidification time as a function, in particular, of the geometry of the blank to be produced, and of the composition of the metal which is cast and the intensity of the cooling.
Pour que la coulée continue de tels profilés se déroule de façon satisfaisante, les inventeurs ont constaté de façon nouvelle, qu'en sortie de lingotière, au moins les parties les plus massives de l'ébauche ne devaient pas être complètement solidifiées et d'autre part, que la solidification complète de la partie la plus mince de l'ébauche ne devait pas avoir lieu trop en amont de la sortie de la lingotière. Pour cela, la vitesse d'extraction de l'ébauche doit toujours rester supérieure à une vitesse d'extraction minimale permettant d'assurer qu'il n'y a pas de solidification trop importante de l'ébauche à la sortie de la lingotière afin d'éviter le blocage de l'ébauche. Cette vitesse d'extraction minimale est fonction de la longueur du canal de coulée de la lingotière, de l'épaisseur minimale de l'ébauche et de la nature du métal coulé. En outre, les inventeurs ont constaté que cette vitesse minimale dépendait également de la conicité de la lingotière.In order for the continuous casting of such profiles to proceed satisfactorily, the inventors have found in a new way that, at the outlet of the mold, at least the parts the most massive of the blank should not be completely solidified and secondly, that complete solidification of the thinnest part of the blank should not take place too far upstream of the exit of the mold. For this, the rate of extraction of the blank must always remain greater than a minimum extraction speed to ensure that there is not too much solidification of the blank at the outlet of the mold to avoid blocking the blank. This minimum extraction rate is a function of the length of the casting channel of the mold, the minimum thickness of the blank and the nature of the cast metal. In addition, the inventors have found that this minimum speed also depends on the conicity of the mold.
Comme on le voit à la
Les inventeurs ont constaté que pour que la coulée se fasse dans de bonnes conditions, c'est-à-dire sans coincement, il faut éviter que le refroidissement de la partie la plus mince de l'ébauche, après solidification dans la lingotière, conduise à une contraction plus forte que celle autorisée par la conicité de la lingotière. Cela conduit à imposer une vitesse d'extraction supérieure à une vitesse d'extraction minimale Vmin, qui se calcule de la façon suivante :
avec :
- LC = longueur du canal de coulée de la lingotière.
- ts = temps de solidification de la partie la plus mince de l'âme.
- φ = flux de chaleur moyen extrait dans la partie basse de la lingotière, entre la zone de fin de solidification de la partie la plus mince de l'ébauche et la sortie de la lingotière.
- Emin = épaisseur minimale de la partie du canal de coulée correspondant à l'âme du profilé.
- C = Conicité de la lingotière.
- K = Coefficient dépendant de la nature du métal = a x (1/pCp)
- a = Coefficient de dilatation moyen du métal.
- ρ = Densité du métal.
- Cp = Capacité calorifique du métal.
- Vmin = (LC/ts) x A/ (A + LC C Emin)]
- Avec : A = 2 K φ ts
with:
- L C = length of the casting channel of the mold.
- t s = time of solidification of the thinnest part of the soul.
- φ = average heat flux extracted in the lower part of the mold, between the end zone of solidification of the thinnest part of the blank and the outlet of the mold.
- E min = minimum thickness of the part of the pouring channel corresponding to the core of the profile.
- C = Conicity of the mold.
- K = Coefficient depending on the nature of the metal = ax (1 / pCp)
- a = Average coefficient of expansion of the metal.
- ρ = Density of the metal.
- Cp = Heat capacity of the metal.
- Vmin = (L C / t s ) x A / (A + L C CE min )]
- With: A = 2 K φ t s
On notera que, si la conicité est nulle, la vitesse minimale d'extraction est celle qui conduit à la fin de solidification de l'âme juste en sortie de lingotière (Vmin x ts = LC).It will be noted that, if the conicity is zero, the minimum extraction speed is that which leads to the end of solidification of the soul just at the outlet of the mold (V min xt s = L C ).
A titre d'exemple, pour des profilés en acier de construction faiblement ou non allié, les vitesses d'extraction minimales Vmin (en m/min) en fonction de la longueur du canal de coulée de la lingotière LC (en mètres) et de l'épaisseur Emin de la partie du canal de coulée correspondant à l'âme la plus mince du profilé (en mm) sont reportées au tableau I pour une lingotière de conicité nulle.
Lorsque la conicité est significative, la vitesse d'extraction minimale est sensiblement réduite. A titre d'exemple, pour une épaisseur Emin de 14mm, une longueur de canal de coulée LC de 0,5m, une conicité de 20.10-3 m-1, et un flux moyen Φ de 1,8MW/m2, la vitesse d'extraction minimale est de 2,48m/min au lieu de 5,9m/min. pour une conicité nulle.When the conicity is significant, the minimum extraction rate is substantially reduced. For example, for a thickness Emin of 14mm, a casting channel length L C of 0.5m, a taper of 20.10 -3 m -1 , and a mean flow Φ of 1.8MW / m 2 , the minimum extraction rate is 2.48m / min instead of 5.9m / min. for a zero taper.
Cette nécessité de ne pas faire descendre la vitesse d'extraction en-dessous d'une vitesse limite a pour conséquence que, pour couler des ébauches de profilés de faible section, les installations et/ou les méthodes d'exploitation doivent être adaptées en conséquence.This need not to lower the speed of extraction below a speed limit has the consequence that, to cast blanks sections of small section, facilities and / or operating methods must be adapted accordingly .
A titre d'exemple, pour permettre de couler en séquence des poches successives, les répartiteurs doivent avoir une capacité suffisante pour pouvoir alimenter la coulée à vitesse minimale pendant le changement de poche.For example, to allow sequential flow sequential pockets, the distributors must have sufficient capacity to power casting at minimum speed during the change of pocket.
Comme représenté à la
Pendant la période de transition, la quantité d'acier liquide consommée est proportionnelle au produit de la vitesse minimale Vmin par la durée Δt du ralentissement, en tenant compte du nombre de lignes de coulée. Cette quantité doit rester inférieure à la quantité disponible dans le répartiteur.During the transition period, the amount of liquid steel consumed is proportional to the product of the minimum speed Vmin by the duration Δt of the deceleration, taking into account the number of pouring lines. This quantity must remain less than the quantity available in the distributor.
Comme l'indique la formule permettant de calculer la vitesse minimale plus la cônicité est élevée, plus la vitesse limite est faible et donc moins les contraintes d'exploitation sont sévères.As indicated in the formula for calculating the minimum speed plus the high conicity, the lower the speed limit and therefore the less severe the operating constraints.
Compte tenu des diverses autres contraintes que l'homme du métier connaît, il saura adapter les dimensionnements de ses équipements, la conicité et/ou la longueur du canal de coulée de la lingotière, puisque ce facteur intervient dans le calcul de la vitesse limite d'extraction, pour déterminer les conditions d'exploitation satisfaisantes permettant de couler dans de bonnes conditions les ébauches de profilés de petite section qu'il souhaite réaliser.Given the various other constraints that the skilled person knows, he will be able to adapt the sizing of his equipment, the taper and / or the length of the casting channel of the mold, since this factor is involved in the calculation of the limiting speed of extraction, to determine the satisfactory operating conditions to flow in good conditions drafts profile small section he wants to achieve.
Cependant, au démarrage de la coulée, la vitesse d'extraction est initialement nulle, ce qui n'est pas compatible avec la condition indiquée ci-dessus. Aussi, les inventeurs ont imaginé une procédure de démarrage particulière permettant de passer progressivement de la vitesse nulle à une vitesse de démarrage Vd supérieure ou égale à la vitesse d'extraction minimale définie ci-dessus, mais inférieure à une vitesse maximale de démarrage Vdmax au-dessus de laquelle il peut y avoir rupture de la coque solidifiée du produit car celle-ci est trop mince. L'homme du métier sait déterminer cette vitesse maximale de démarrage en fonction des caractéristiques de la machine de coulée, de la géométrie du produit et des paramètres de coulée.However, at the start of the casting, the extraction speed is initially zero, which is not compatible with the condition indicated above. Also, the inventors have devised a particular starting procedure for progressively moving from zero speed to a starting speed Vd greater than or equal to the minimum extraction speed defined above, but less than a maximum starting speed Vdmax at above which there may be rupture of the solidified shell of the product because it is too thin. The person skilled in the art knows how to determine this maximum starting speed as a function of the characteristics of the casting machine, the geometry of the product and the casting parameters.
Pendant cette phase d'amorçage de la coulée, le métal liquide versé dans la lingotière doit se solidifier partiellement, notamment au contact du mannequin disposé dans la lingotière pour démarrer la coulée, afin d'assurer l'ancrage de l'ébauche sur le mannequin. Comme cela est connu de l'homme du métier, cet ancrage permet de démarrer l'extraction du produit solidifié et ainsi de démarrer la coulée.During this casting initiation phase, the liquid metal poured into the mold must partially solidify, in particular in contact with the dummy disposed in the ingot mold to start the casting, in order to anchor the blank on the mold. dummy. As is known to those skilled in the art, this anchoring makes it possible to start the extraction of the solidified product and thus start the casting.
Cependant, les inventeurs ont constaté que pour pouvoir monter en vitesse sans blocage de l'ébauche pendant cette période d'amorçage, il est nécessaire d'éviter la solidification des parties les plus minces de l'ébauche. Aussi, ils ont imaginé de disposer au-dessus de la tête du mannequin de coulée, un séparateur réfractaire inséré dans la partie de la lingotière destinée à mouler la partie la plus mince de l'ébauche, afin d'empêcher la solidification dans cette zone pendant la phase d'amorçage. Lors de l'amorçage de la coulée, le séparateur est progressivement extrait de la lingotière. Pour que l'amorçage de la coulée se fasse dans des conditions satisfaisantes, il faut qu'au moment où l'extrémité supérieure du séparateur quitte la lingotière, l'état de solidification de l'ébauche au niveau de la sortie de la lingotière soit compatible avec les conditions indiquées ci-dessus pour éviter le coincement. Pour cela, la longueur du séparateur et les paramètres du procédé doivent être adaptés en conséquence. L'homme du métier saura déterminer la longueur minimale nécessaire en fonction des caractéristiques de la lingotière, du métal coulé et de la cinétique d'extraction des mannequins pendant la phase d'amorçage.However, the inventors have found that in order to be able to speed up without blocking the blank during this priming period, it is necessary to avoid solidification of the thinnest parts of the blank. Also, they have imagined to dispose above the head of the pouring manikin, a refractory separator inserted in the part of the mold intended to mold the thinnest part of the blank, in order to prevent solidification in this zone. during the priming phase. During the initiation of the casting, the separator is gradually extracted from the mold. In order for the initiation of the casting to take place under satisfactory conditions, it is necessary that at the moment when the upper end of the separator leaves the mold, the state of solidification of the blank at the outlet of the mold is compatible with the conditions indicated above to avoid jamming. For this, the length of the separator and the process parameters must be adapted accordingly. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the minimum length necessary according to the characteristics of the mold, the cast metal and the kinetics of extraction of the manikins during the priming phase.
Cette façon de procéder est adaptée à la coulée continue aussi bien avec une lingotière droite qu'avec une lingotière courbe, la lingotière étant de type classique ou comportant une rehausse réfractaire comme cela est connu pour la coulée continue dite « en charge ».This procedure is suitable for continuous casting both with a straight mold and with a curved mold, the mold being of conventional type or having a refractory riser as is known for the so-called continuous casting "in charge".
Comme cela est connu de l'homme du métier, une fois que la coulée est démarrée, il est possible d'augmenter la vitesse d'extraction pour augmenter la productivité sans toutefois dépasser une vitesse limite d'extraction en régime permanent fonction, notamment, de la longueur de la machine. L'homme du métier sait déterminer cette vitesse maximale d'extraction en régime permanent qui est supérieure ou égale à la vitesse maximale de démarrage. On notera qu'en régime permanent, la fin de solidification de la partie la plus mince de l'ébauche peut très bien avoir lieu sensiblement après la sortie de la lingotière. Pendant cette phase de coulée, il peut être souhaitable de réduire la vitesse d'extraction. Mais celle-ci ne doit jamais devenir inférieure à la vitesse minimale définie ci-dessus.As is known to those skilled in the art, once the casting is started, it is possible to increase the extraction speed to increase productivity without exceeding a steady state extraction limit speed, in particular the length of the machine. The person skilled in the art knows how to determine this maximum steady-state extraction speed which is greater than or equal to the maximum starting speed. Note that in steady state, the end of solidification of the thinnest part of the blank can very well take place substantially after the exit of the mold. During this casting phase, it may be desirable to reduce the extraction rate. But this must never become less than the minimum speed defined above.
On va maintenant décrire de façon plus détaillée un mode de réalisation privilégié du démarrage de la coulée continue en charge d'une ébauche de profilé.We will now describe in more detail a preferred embodiment of the start of the continuous casting in charge of a profile blank.
Pour cela, on considère les
A l'intérieur du canal de coulée 12 du corps de lingotière, est disposé une tête de mannequin 17 comportant une embase 18 reliée au corps de mannequin 19 destiné à tirer la tête de mannequin vers le bas pour l'extraire de la lingotièreInside the casting
L'embase 18 de la tête de mannequin est surmontée d'un séparateur 20 comportant une base 21 épousant la forme du canal de coulée et une lame de séparation 22 s'étendant vers le haut. Dans la disposition représentée, qui correspond au tout début de la coulée, l'extrémité supérieure 22A de la lame de séparation 22 se situe au-dessus de l'anneau de liaison 14. La tête du mannequin comporte par exemple également deux goujons d'amarrage 23 fixés dans l'embase de part et d'autre de la lame de séparation et dont les têtes s'étendent au dessus de l'embase, à l'intérieur du canal de coulée.The
La lame de séparation réfractaire 22 est disposée à l'intérieur de la portion centrale 110 du canal de coulée. Cette lame de séparation réfractaire comprend une armature centrale 220 entourée d'un enrobage réfractaire 240 constitué de fibres réfractaires ayant une certaine souplesse de telle sorte que la lame de séparation obstrue complètement la portion 110 en empêchant l'infiltration continue de métal liquide entre la paroi du corps de lingotière et la surface de la lame de séparation qui serait susceptible de créer une jonction entre les deux ailes du profilé, et s'adapte aux variations de largeur de la portion 110 résultant de la dépouille. La coquille solide correspondant au début de la solidification de l'ébauche s'étend sur tout le pourtour des portions d'extrémités 111A et 111 B, en particulier dans les portions 112 A et 112B ayant des concavités tournées vers l'extérieur du canal de coulée.The
Comme cela est représenté aux
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la chaussette en fibre réfractaire a été obtenue à partir d'une bande de nappes SWB607/128 d'épaisseur 25mm qui a été coupée en deux à mi épaisseur comme un sandwich, afin d'être insérée autour de la plaque métallique. Puis, après avoir été amarrée à la plaque métallique par les fils de platine, la partie ayant subie la découpe a été recollée le long de la ligne de jonction 242 par une très fine couche de Refracol n °3 afin que l'acier liquide n'atteigne pas la plaque en cours de coulée. Le réfractaire SW607-128 (Surperwool™ 607™ Blanket) fabriqué par Morgan Thermal Ceramics. Il est constitué d'environ 62 à 68% de SiO2, 26 à 32% de CaO et 3 à 7 % de MgO. Il se présente sous forme de nappes de laine réfractaire de densité d'environ 128kg/m3 et a une température de classification de 1100°C (norme EN 1094-3). La colle Refracol™ n°3 estun ciment réfractaire de jointoiement de classe PRE classe B constitué d'environ 12 à 14% d'Al2 O3, 82 à 87% de SiO2 et 0,35% de Fe2O3..In a particular embodiment, the refractory fiber sock was obtained from a strip of 25mm thick SWB607 / 128 plies which was cut in half thickness like a sandwich, so as to be inserted around the metal plate. Then, after being moored to the metal plate by the platinum wires, the part having undergone the cutting was glued along the
Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation représenté à la
Avec une telle disposition, des inventeurs ont constaté qu'il était possible de démarrer la coulée continue d'ébauche de profilés de petite dimension à condition de respecter des conditions particulières de vitesse de démarrage et de température du métal liquide.With such an arrangement, inventors have found that it is possible to start the continuous casting of blanks of small dimensions provided that the particular conditions of starting speed and temperature of the liquid metal are met.
A la
Les inventeurs ont constaté également qu'il fallait que le temps d'amorçage Ta qui s'écoule entre l'instant t0 et l'instant t1 soit compris entre 0,5 s et 1,5 s et que la vitesse Vd de démarrage soit supérieure à la vitesse d'extraction minimale correspondant au profilé considéré. Ils ont également constaté que la vitesse de démarrage Vd devait être maintenue pendant un temps de démarrage Td compris de préférence entre 5s et 20s. Avec ces conditions, il est possible de passer progressivement de la vitesse d'extraction du mannequin à une vitesse de coulée Vc comprise, en régime permanent, entre 4m/min et 12m/min par exemple.The inventors have also found that the ignition time Ta which flows between time t 0 and time t 1 must be between 0.5 s and 1.5 s and that the speed V d of start is greater than the minimum extraction speed corresponding to the profile considered. They also found that the starting speed Vd should be maintained during a start time Td preferably between 5s and 20s. With these conditions, it is possible to progressively change the extraction speed of the manikin to a casting speed Vc included, in steady state, between 4m / min and 12m / min, for example.
Les inventeurs ont constaté, enfin, que, lorsque le métal est de l'acier, la surchauffe du métal liquide dans la rehausse, c'est-à-dire la différence entre la température du métal liquide et la température du solidus devait de préférence être comprise entre 10 °C et 40 °C.The inventors have found, finally, that when the metal is steel, the overheating of the liquid metal in the booster, that is to say the difference between the temperature of the liquid metal and the temperature of the solidus should preferably be between 10 ° C and 40 ° C.
A titre d'exemple, les inventeurs ont pu démarrer et couler dans de bonnes conditions la coulée continue d'ébauche de profilés dont les dimensions nominales sont 110mm, 70mm et 12 mm, ce qui correspond à un poids linéique d'environ 25kg/m, avec les paramètres suivants : vitesse de démarrage 3m/min, temps d'amorçage 1s, temps de démarrage entre 5 et 15s et vitesse de coulée de l'ordre 10m/min. Cette ébauche permet de fabriquer un profilé du type IPE 100 avec simplement six passes de finition au laminage à chaud. Dans cet exemple, la vitesse d'extraction ne doit pas descendre en dessous de 2,84 m/min pour une longueur de lingotière de 390 mm et une conicité de 20 pour 1000.By way of example, the inventors have been able to start and flow in good conditions the continuous casting of blanks whose nominal dimensions are 110 mm, 70 mm and 12 mm, which corresponds to a linear weight of approximately 25 kg / m. with the following parameters: starting speed 3m / min, ignition time 1s, starting time between 5 and 15s and casting speed of order 10m / min. This blank makes it possible to manufacture a profile of the type IPE 100 with just six passes to finishing with hot rolling. In this example, the extraction rate should not fall below 2.84 m / min for a length of mold of 390 mm and a conicity of 20 for 1000.
Les inventeurs ont noté qu'avec ce profilé, lorsque la vitesse d'extraction descend en dessous de 2,84 m/min, on pouvait avoir un coincement de l'ébauche dans la lingotière.The inventors have noted that with this profile, when the extraction rate drops below 2.84 m / min, the blank could be jammed in the ingot mold.
En outre, les inventeurs ont réalisé des essais de démarrage de coulée d'ébauches d'IPE 100 sans utiliser de séparateur. Ces essais ont toujours conduit à des échecs par coincement de l'ébauche, en particulier parce qu'il n'était pas possible d'atteindre une vitesse d'extraction supérieure à 2,84 m/min en fin d'amorçage.In addition, the inventors performed IPE 100 blank casting startup tests without using a separator. These tests have always led to failures by jamming of the blank, in particular because it was not possible to reach an extraction rate greater than 2.84 m / min at the end of priming.
Le procédé de coulée et de démarrage qui vient d'être décrit pour des ébauches de profilés en H ou en I, peut être adapté à tout profilé dont la section comporte deux portions non alignées délimitant une portion concave dont la concavité est orientée vers l'extérieur du profilé. L'homme du métier saura déterminer les paramètres adaptés, l'essentiel étant qu'au tout début du démarrage de la coulée, il ne puisse pas se former de coquille solidifiée en serrant une partie connexe de la paroi du canal de coulée.The casting and starting process which has just been described for blanks of sections in H or I, can be adapted to any section whose section comprises two non-aligned portions delimiting a concave portion whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the profile. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the appropriate parameters, the essential point being that at the very beginning of the start of the casting, it is not possible to form a solidified shell by clamping a connected part of the wall of the pouring channel.
Claims (15)
- Method for continuously casting a blank of a metal section, the cross-section of which has at least one portion (4), the concavity of which is directed towards the exterior of the section, whereby a liquid metal is poured into a continuous casting ingot mould (10) comprising a cooled ingot mould body (11), which ingot mould body defines a sprue channel (12) having a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the blank, the cross-section of the sprue channel comprising at least two adjacent portions (110; 111A, 111B) connected by a concave portion (112A, 112B), the concavity of which is directed towards the exterior of the sprue channel, the sprue channel of the ingot mould having a conicity C, a length LC, a minimum transverse thickness Emin, the core of the blank having a solidification time ts, characterised in that, once priming has been carried out, the extraction speed is maintained above a minimum extraction speed Vmin = (LC / ts) x A/ (A + LC CEmin).
- Method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that before pouring the liquid metal into the ingot mould, a dummy bar head (17), comprising a base (18) and a refractory separation blade (22) joined to the base and designed to obstruct one of said adjacent portions (110) of the cross-section of the sprue channel on at least a part of the length of the sprue channel of the ingot mould body extending from the base towards the interior of the sprue channel of the ingot mould body, is placed in the ingot mould, after which pouring of the liquid metal is commenced and the dummy bar head is set in motion in the direction towards the exterior of the ingot mould.
- Method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the casting ingot mould further comprises a connecting ring (14) and a refractory feed head (26) and the refractory separation blade (22) is designed to extend at least as far as a join between the feed head and the connecting ring.
- Method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the section comprises a core (1) connected to at least one wing (2; 3) and the portion (110) of the cross-section of the sprue channel obstructed by the refractory separation blade is the portion of the cross-section of the sprue channel corresponding to the core (1) of the section.
- Method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the section is an H, U, I, L or T section, the smallest dimension of which is between 10 and 25 mm.
- Method as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the liquid metal is steel and the temperature of the liquid metal is adjusted so that overheating in the feed head is between 10°C and 60°C.
- Method as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the dummy bar head is set in motion, the speed of the dummy bar head is increased from 0 m/s to a start-up speed Vd greater than the minimum extraction speed within a priming time Ta of between 0.5 s and 1.5 s, the speed is maintained at the start-up speed for a start-up time Td of preferably between 5 s and 20 s, and the speed of the dummy bar head is progressively increased to a casting speed Vc of preferably between 4 m/min and 12 m/min.
- Dummy bar head (17) for implementing the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a base (18) of a shape designed to slide, and in doing so obstruct, the sprue channel (12) of a mould (11) for continuously casting a blank of a section, the cross-section of which comprises at least two adjacent portions (1, 2, 3) connected by a concave portion (4), the concavity of which is directed towards the exterior of the blank, at least one means (23) for anchoring solidified metal, at least one sealing means (230; 210) of the base, characterised in that it further comprises a refractory separation blade (22) extending above the top face of the base, the cross-section of the separation blade being designed to obstruct one of said portions (110) of the cross-section of the sprue channel whilst leaving the other portion or portions (111A, 111B) free.
- Dummy bar head as claimed in claim 8, for which the separation blade (22) comprises a central frame comprising a metal plate (220) of a generally rectangular shape and a jacket (240, 440) of flexible refractory material.
- Dummy bar head as claimed in claim 9, for which the metal plate (220) comprises a plurality of orifices (221) and the jacket is provided in the form of a sleeve (240) of refractory fibres threaded onto the rectangular metal plate (220) and stitched with the aid of refractory metal threads (241).
- Dummy bar head as claimed in claim 9, for which the jacket of refractory material is provided in the form of a braid of refractory fibres 440, wound around the metal plate (220).
- Dummy bar head as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, for which said sealing means of the base comprises a refractory seal (230) on the top face of the base and a locking plate (210) for the refractory seal.
- Dummy bar head as claimed in claim 12, for which the metal plate (220) is joined to the locking plate (210) of the refractory seal.
- Dummy bar head as claimed in any one of claims 12 or 13, for which the locking plate (210) of the refractory seal comprises at least one orifice (211) and a means for anchoring solid metal is a pin (23) for securing the locking plate, comprising a head for anchoring the cast metal and a rod (23A) having a thread extending through the orifice of the locking plate and screwed into a threaded orifice of the base (18).
- Dummy bar head as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 14, for which the base (18) has a shape designed for casting blanks of sections having an H, U, I, T or L shape, the smallest dimension of which is between 10 and 25 mm.
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PL11740698T PL2723520T3 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | Method and device for continuously casting a profile member blank |
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PCT/FR2011/051453 WO2012175822A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | Method and device for continuously casting a profile member blank |
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ES (1) | ES2545748T3 (en) |
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CN109702155A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-03 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of conticaster and its special-shaped bad continuous cast mold of near-net-shape |
CN111054895B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-10-22 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Casting method of continuous casting machine |
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JPS57134243A (en) * | 1981-02-10 | 1982-08-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Mold for casting beam blank |
JPS6040647A (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1985-03-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting of beam blank |
JPH1177246A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-03-23 | Nkk Corp | Manufacture of beam blank |
JP2000317582A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-21 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for continuously casting beam blank |
DE10133093A1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-21 | Sms Demag Ag | Process and strand guide for supporting, guiding and cooling cast strands made of steel, in particular of pre-profiles for beams |
DE202005001310U1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2005-04-14 | Hetsch, Walter | Verbundgußplatte |
EP1712314A1 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | Profilarbed S.A. | Continuous casting process of metallic profiles |
EP1712313A1 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | Profilarbed S.A. | Continuous metal casting mould |
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WO2012175822A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
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