EP2722615A1 - Tube-type evaporator and method for producing a tube-type evaporator - Google Patents

Tube-type evaporator and method for producing a tube-type evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2722615A1
EP2722615A1 EP20130189089 EP13189089A EP2722615A1 EP 2722615 A1 EP2722615 A1 EP 2722615A1 EP 20130189089 EP20130189089 EP 20130189089 EP 13189089 A EP13189089 A EP 13189089A EP 2722615 A1 EP2722615 A1 EP 2722615A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
inf
sup
evaporator
tubes
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Granted
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EP20130189089
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2722615B1 (en
Inventor
Fabien Couturier
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Compagnie Industrielle dApplications Thermiques SA CIAT
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Compagnie Industrielle dApplications Thermiques SA CIAT
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube and shell evaporator comprising a baffle for channeling a flow.
  • an evaporator In the field of heat pumps, it is known that an evaporator comprises a shell, a bundle of rectangular section tubes passing through the shell over its entire length and two connections allowing water inlet and outlet inside the shell. grille.
  • a refrigerant circuit such an evaporator receives as input a refrigerant and varies its temperature before reintroducing it to a higher temperature in the circuit. Its function is therefore to heat the refrigerant passing through a tubular bundle contained in the shell by taking heat from the outside environment, this heat source being the water introduced and then rejected into the shell through two connections.
  • the overall performance of the evaporator, and therefore the heat pump is related to the temperature homogeneity of the fluid contained in each of the tubes of the beam as it passes through the shell.
  • the fluid passing through the shell must heat up in the same way in each tube of the bundle.
  • the upper and lower parts of the shell, between the inner radial surface of the shell and the outer part of the tubular network which is closest thereto, are areas where the heat exchange between the water passing through the shell and the refrigerant flowing through the tubes is different from the heat exchange occurring at the central portion of the tubular bundle.
  • the first type of deflector is the addition of a set of false tubes placed so as to block the flow of water in the upper and lower parts of the calender.
  • the second type of deflector consists of the addition of a sheet placed longitudinally in the vicinity of the upper and lower parts of the tubular bundle.
  • deflector reduces the preferred exchange zone between the water of the shell and the lower and upper ends of the tube bundle.
  • the second type of deflector ensures a good seal, the water being forced to pass in contact with the tubular bundle.
  • its mounting is delicate and must be done in a perfect way to work properly. In particular, the games are proscribed.
  • GB-A-1,117,979 discloses a heat exchanger comprising a cylindrical calender and a bundle of tubes.
  • the bundle of tubes is wrapped in a package and the space between the package and the shell is filled with an intermediate agent cast inside the shell.
  • the tubes of the bundle are each housed in a hexagonal section sleeve which forms a honeycomb structure and which extends over most of the length of the exchanger. This structure is bulky and difficult to set up if the heat exchanger is long.
  • the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new evaporator in which the circulation of a flow is well controlled, this evaporator being of easy and economical manufacture and making it possible to limit the inhomogeneity of the rise. in temperature of the fluid passing through the tubular bundle.
  • the invention relates to a tube and shell evaporator.
  • the calender is cylindrical and provided with two inlet and outlet fluid connections.
  • the calender is also traversed along its length, between two end plates, by a bundle of tubes.
  • the evaporator comprises at least one deflector, for a flow flowing in the shell between the inlet and outlet taps, consisting of polymerized resin in place and filling a defined volume between, on the one hand, a portion of the inner radial surface of the shell and, on the other hand, an outer surface of the tube bundle.
  • the evaporator comprises baffles parallel to the end plates and defining between them a fluid flow path between the inlet and outlet connections, each of the baffles comprising at least one opening connecting two portions of polymerized resin amount located on either side of the baffle.
  • the introduction of a polymerizable liquid resin deflector allows an effective closure of the volume between the inner radial surfaces high and / or low of the calender and the upper and / or lower portions of the tubular bundle.
  • This closure of the aforementioned volume being performed using a polymerizable liquid resin, it is obtained easily and closer to the lower and / or upper parts of the tube bundle, which ensures a good seal and avoids leaks around the tube bundle.
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of an evaporator 2 provided with two deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup polymerized resin.
  • Each of these deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup respectively comprises N sections 14 inf1 , ..., 14 infN and 14 sup1 , ..., 14 supN .
  • the evaporator 2 comprises a shell 4 comprising two end plates 42, 44 and a central cylindrical shell 46.
  • the ferrule 46 of the calender 4 is provided with two inlet 8a and 8b outlet of a fluid, such as pure water or mixed with mono-ethylene glycol or mono-propylene glycol. In the example of the figure 1 these connections are located on the same flank of the shell 46. At the figure 1 , the ferrule is shown partly broken away to view the inside of the evaporator 2. Similarly, two sections of the deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup , which are located in the fifth compartment of the calender from the left of the figure 1 , are not shown for a better visualization of the interior of the evaporator 2.
  • the calender 4 also comprises, along its length, baffles 12, parallel to the end plates 42 and 44. They delimit a fluid circulation path between the two connections 8a, 8b, as represented by the flow arrows E to the figure 3 .
  • X4 is a longitudinal and central axis of the calender 4. This axis is the central axis of the ferrule 46.
  • the calender 4 is crossed from one end to the other by a beam 100 of rectangular section and composed of tubes 10 placed in the calender 4.
  • This beam 100 also passes through each of the baffles 12 in place inside the grille.
  • the lower and upper surfaces of the beam 10, that is to say the imaginary planar surfaces tangential to the tubes 10 respectively on the top and on the underside of the beam 100, are noted S100 inf and S100 sup while the evaporator is in the configuration of FIG. 'use.
  • the beam 100 is shown in full only on the left of Figures 1 to 3 , only a tube 10 is shown on the right of these figures and the surfaces S100 inf and S100 sup are marked by their traces in the planes of the figures 1 , 2 and 4 .
  • Tie rods 13 connect the baffles 12 to each other and are more particularly visible on the right of the Figures 1 to 3 .
  • the end plates 42 and 44 respectively define a distribution chamber 442 and a collection chamber 424 made by machining the end plates.
  • the chamber 422 is connected to the outside of the evaporator 2 by two taps 424 and 426.
  • the chamber 442 is connected to the outside of the evaporator 2 by two taps 444 and 446. It is thus possible to circulate in the tubes 10 of the beam 100 a refrigerant by introducing it into the chamber 442 by the connections 444 and 446, as represented by the arrow F1, by distributing it to the different tubes within this chamber, then by recovering it in the chamber 422 and discharging it outwards through the connections 424 and 426, as represented by the arrows F2.
  • This refrigerant may be, for example, R-134a type, that is to say tetrafluoroethane, or R-410a type, that is to say a mixture of pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane.
  • S46 denotes the inner radial surface of ferrule 46.
  • S46 inf denotes the portion of surface S46 located below surface S100 inf in the configuration of use of evaporator 2.
  • S46 sup of the surface S46 located above the surface S100 sup in the configuration of use of the evaporator.
  • the flow path of the fluid between the baffles 12 is partly perpendicular to the fluid flow path in the tubes of the bundle 100.
  • the evaporator 2 thus differs from the heat exchanger of the GB-A-1,117,979 insofar as, in this document, the fluids circulate in parallel manner with respect to each other.
  • a first deflector 14 inf polymerized resin is cast in place between the surfaces S42 inf and S100 inf .
  • a second deflector 14 sup polymerized resin is cast in place between the surfaces S46 sup and S100 sup .
  • the baffles 12 are each provided with notches 120 formed in areas of the baffles located below and above the beam 100 in the configuration of use, at their edges. Alternatively, these notches may be replaced by orifices provided at a distance from the edges 121. These notches or orifices are openings allowing the flow of the resin not yet polymerized.
  • the polymerizable resin may be epoxy-based additive or not.
  • the polymerizable resin intended to form the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup is placed along the upper and lower parts of the calender 4 and, once polymerized, closes the notches 120 of the baffles 12.
  • the evaporator 2 also comprises two bleed holes 16a, 16b connecting the internal volume V4 of the shell to the outside environment.
  • plugs 18a, 18b close the orifices 16a, 16b.
  • the water enters the inlet nozzle 8a then into a first compartment C1 defined by the end plate 42 and a first baffle 12.
  • the water comes into contact 10 of the tube bundle tubes 100.
  • Baffle sections 14 and 14 inf1 SUP1 accommodated in the first compartment C1 allow to impose upon the water entering the calender 4 a passage closer to the tubes 10 of the bundle 100, ensuring better homogeneity during the transfer of heat energy between the water and the refrigerant contained in each of the tubes 10 of the bundle 100.
  • the polymerized resin poured between the bundle of tubes 100 and the calender 4 forms sections of deflectors 14 inf1 and 14 sup1 which guide the passage of fluid closer to the tubes 10 of the beam 100, that is to say, to avoid traffic areas licking not the tubes 10 of the beam 100.
  • the mass of polymerized resin directly participates in guiding the flow E inside the calender 4 being licked by this element.
  • the heat transfer between the fluid flowing in the tubes 10 of the bundle 100 and the fluid flowing in the internal volume of the calender is optimized.
  • the tubular bundle 100 is rectangular in section as visible on the figure 4 .
  • the water Once the water enters the first compartment C1 of the calender, it passes through the N-1 other compartments C2, ..., CN provided with the N-1 other sections of deflector 14 inf2 , ..., 14 infn and 14 sup2 , ..., 14 supN to exit through the output quill 8b.
  • the N-1 baffles 12 delimiting the N compartments C1, ... CN are arranged so as to slow the passage of the water passing through each of these compartments, in order to promote the heat exchange between the water passing through the shell 4 and the refrigerant contained in the tubes 10 of the beam 100.
  • the refrigerant and water can flow in the opposite direction to that shown in the figures by the arrows F1, F2, E1 and E2.
  • the refrigerant can flow from the end plate 42 to the end plate 44 while water can flow from the stitch 8b to the stitching 8a.
  • the method of placing the resin in the upper and lower parts of the shell is in several stages. The following steps describe a mode of introduction of the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup in the calender 4.
  • a first step a) consists of installing the evaporator 2 with the central axis X4 of the horizontal grille, the beam 100 already in place in the shell being oriented as when using the evaporator 2 in order to prepare the filling the lower portion of the volume V4.
  • a second step b) comprises filling a part of the volume delimited between, firstly, the radially inner bottom surface S46 of the lower ring 46 located below the beam 100 and, on the other hand, the lower surface of S100 inf tube bundle 100, with a suitable quantity of polymerizable resin in the liquid state. Under the effect of gravity, the resin is distributed on the bottom of the ferrule 46 to best fill the volume between the bottom of the ferrule and the bundle of tubes 100.
  • the liquid resin is injected into the volume V4 through one or other of the connections 8a, 8b.
  • a third step c) is to polymerize the resin.
  • This polymerization is carried out, for example, at room temperature and by adding a curing agent to the resin before it is introduced into the shell. Alternatively, this polymerization can be carried out by heating the resin introduced.
  • the amount of resin cured in place forms a lower baffle 14 inf and closes each of the notches 120 of the baffles 12. This closure contributes to the complete sealing of the evaporator 2.
  • a fourth step d) consists in turning the shell 4 about 180 ° about its central axis X4 in order to prepare the filling of a second part of the volume V4 previously located in the upper part of the shell and defined between the surfaces S46 sup and S100 sup .
  • the fifth and sixth steps are similar to the second and third steps b), c) and consist in filling this second part of the volume V4 with the polymerizable resin in the liquid state through one or other of the connections 8a, 8b and the notches 120 of the baffles 12, then the polymerization of this resin to form the upper baffle 14 sup comprising the N sections 14 sup1 , ..., 14 supN .
  • a seventh and last step consists, once the polymerized resin is in place, to pierce the purge passages 16a, 16b through the ferrule 46 and the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup and to their closure by plugs 18a, 18b. These openings open just at the level of the polymerized resin, as visible on the figure 5 .
  • the introduction of deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup polymerizable resin can be done before the bundle 100 of tubes 10 is inserted into the calender 4.
  • one end of the beam 100 is placed on one of the end plates, for example 42, then the beam 100 is inserted along the calender 4, between the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup , so as to the other end of the beam 100 is put in place on the opposite end plate 44.
  • This variant with implementation of the beam 100 after the introduction of the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup is possible only when the evaporator 2 comprises a rectilinear beam 100. In the case of a beam 100 in the shape of a "U", the introduction of the deflectors is only after the introduction of the beam 100 in the shell 4 of the evaporator 2.
  • the water can flow from the inlet nozzle 8a to the outlet nozzle 8b, through each of the N compartments C1, ... CN being at most close to the tubular bundle 100.
  • the introduction of the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup imposes a circulation of water in the calender 4 to the nearest tubes 10 of the beam 100, thus promoting a homogeneous rise in temperature of the refrigerant in each of the tubes 10.
  • the polymerized resin maintains the baffles 12 which can not move.
  • the assembly composed by the baffles 12 and the shell 4, also called skeleton, is stiffened by the resin forming the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup .
  • the resin participates in the reduction of parasitic vibrations which appear under the effect of the circulation of water.
  • This technical solution makes it possible to perform the function of the baffle so as to control the flow of water into the shell without welded seam or sheet.
  • it adapts to all types of calenders since the process of introducing the resin is based on the leveling of a liquid surface under the effect of gravity. We can generalize this process to any type of calender 4, the method being the same for all sizes.
  • the use of the resin is compatible with the brine and the resin does not degrade.
  • the introduction of the resin is by two connections not shown in the figures and similar to the bleed holes 16a, 16b. These nozzles are located at 90 ° from the scavenging ports 16a, 16b and connect the interior and exterior of the shell 4 at the level of the baffles 14 and 14 sup inf.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The evaporator (2) has a set of end plates (42, 44), and a set of deflectors (14inf, 14sup) for a fluid i.e. pure water, circulating in a shell (4) between an inlet nozzle (8a), and an output nozzle (8b). A set of parallel baffles (12) is provided in the set of end plates, and a fluid circulation path is provided between the inlet and outlet nozzles, where the fluid circulation path is delimited by the set of baffles. Each baffle includes an opening (120) connecting two portions (14inf1-14inf4, 14sup2-14sup4) for passage of quantity of polymerized resin located on both sides of the baffles. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing an evaporator.

Description

L'invention a trait à un évaporateur à tubes et calandre comprenant un déflecteur destiné à canaliser un écoulement.The invention relates to a tube and shell evaporator comprising a baffle for channeling a flow.

Dans le domaine des pompes à chaleur il est connu qu'un évaporateur comporte une calandre, un faisceau de tubes à section rectangulaire traversant la calandre sur toute sa longueur et deux piquages permettant une entrée et une sortie d'eau à l'intérieur de la calandre. Dans un circuit frigorifique, un tel évaporateur reçoit en entrée un fluide frigorigène et en fait varier sa température avant de le réintroduire à température plus élevée dans le circuit. Sa fonction est donc de réchauffer ce fluide frigorigène traversant un faisceau tubulaire contenu dans la calandre en prélevant de la chaleur dans le milieu extérieur, cette source de chaleur étant l'eau introduite puis rejetée dans la calandre à travers deux piquages.In the field of heat pumps, it is known that an evaporator comprises a shell, a bundle of rectangular section tubes passing through the shell over its entire length and two connections allowing water inlet and outlet inside the shell. grille. In a refrigerant circuit, such an evaporator receives as input a refrigerant and varies its temperature before reintroducing it to a higher temperature in the circuit. Its function is therefore to heat the refrigerant passing through a tubular bundle contained in the shell by taking heat from the outside environment, this heat source being the water introduced and then rejected into the shell through two connections.

A ce titre, la performance globale de l'évaporateur, donc de la pompe à chaleur, est liée à l'homogénéité en température du fluide contenu dans chacun des tubes du faisceau lorsqu'il traverse la calandre. En d'autres termes, le fluide traversant la calandre doit se réchauffer de la même manière dans chacun des tubes du faisceau. En effet si un tube du faisceau fonctionne mal, c'est-à-dire que la variation en température du fluide frigorigène qu'il contient ne suit pas celle de la moyenne des autres tubes du faisceau, il pénalise l'ensemble de l'évaporateur en diminuant la surchauffe globale de l'appareil, réduisant ainsi le rapport d'efficacité énergétique du système frigorifique.As such, the overall performance of the evaporator, and therefore the heat pump, is related to the temperature homogeneity of the fluid contained in each of the tubes of the beam as it passes through the shell. In other words, the fluid passing through the shell must heat up in the same way in each tube of the bundle. Indeed if a beam tube works poorly, that is to say that the temperature variation of the refrigerant it contains does not follow that of the average of the other tubes of the beam, it penalizes the whole of the evaporator by reducing the overall overheating of the apparatus, thus reducing the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigerating system.

Il est donc important d'obtenir un front de surchauffe homogène le long du faisceau de tubes, de sorte que la surchauffe soit la même à la sortie de chaque tube du faisceau. En particulier les parties haute et basse de la calandre, comprises entre la surface radiale interne de la calandre et la partie externe du réseau tubulaire qui lui est le plus proche, sont des zones où l'échange de chaleur entre l'eau traversant la calandre et le liquide frigorigène traversant les tubes est différent de l'échange de chaleur ayant lieu au niveau de la partie centrale du faisceau tubulaire.It is therefore important to obtain a homogeneous overheating front along the bundle of tubes, so that the superheat is the same at the exit of each tube of the bundle. In particular the upper and lower parts of the shell, between the inner radial surface of the shell and the outer part of the tubular network which is closest thereto, are areas where the heat exchange between the water passing through the shell and the refrigerant flowing through the tubes is different from the heat exchange occurring at the central portion of the tubular bundle.

C'est pourquoi il est connu d'avoir recours à un déflecteur pour éviter que l'eau aille circuler dans les parties haute et basse de la calandre introduisant ainsi une zone d'échange de chaleur privilégiée néfaste à la montée homogène en température du fluide contenu dans les différents tubes.This is why it is known to use a deflector to prevent water from circulating in the upper and lower parts of the calender thus introducing a preferred heat exchange zone detrimental to the uniform rise in temperature of the fluid. contained in the different tubes.

On connaît deux types de déflecteurs dont le but est d'éviter la création d'une zone privilégiée d'échange de chaleur entre les tubes se situant à une des extrémités supérieure ou inférieure du faisceau et l'eau circulant dans la calandre. Le premier type de déflecteur consiste en l'ajout d'un ensemble de faux tubes placés de manière à bloquer la circulation de l'eau dans les parties haute et basse de la calandre. Le second type de déflecteur consiste en l'ajout d'une tôle placée longitudinalement au voisinage des parties supérieure et inférieure du faisceau tubulaire.Two types of deflectors are known whose purpose is to avoid the creation of a preferred heat exchange zone between the tubes located at one of the ends upper or lower beam and the water circulating in the shell. The first type of deflector is the addition of a set of false tubes placed so as to block the flow of water in the upper and lower parts of the calender. The second type of deflector consists of the addition of a sheet placed longitudinally in the vicinity of the upper and lower parts of the tubular bundle.

Ces deux types de déflecteur réduisent la zone d'échange privilégiée entre l'eau de la calandre et les extrémités inférieures et supérieures du faisceau tubulaire. Cependant il existe toujours, pour des raisons de montage, un jeu qui réduit l'efficacité des faux tubes du premier type de déflecteur. Le second type de déflecteur assure une bonne étanchéité, l'eau étant forcée à traverser au contact du faisceau tubulaire. Cependant son montage est délicat et doit être réalisé de manière parfaite pour fonctionner correctement. En particulier, les jeux sont proscrits.These two types of deflector reduce the preferred exchange zone between the water of the shell and the lower and upper ends of the tube bundle. However, there is always, for mounting reasons, a game that reduces the effectiveness of false tubes of the first type of deflector. The second type of deflector ensures a good seal, the water being forced to pass in contact with the tubular bundle. However its mounting is delicate and must be done in a perfect way to work properly. In particular, the games are proscribed.

Par ailleurs, GB-A-1 117 979 divulgue un échangeur de chaleur comprenant une calandre cylindrique et un faisceau de tubes. Le faisceau de tubes est enveloppé dans un emballage et l'espace compris entre l'emballage et la calandre est rempli avec un agent intermédiaire coulé à l'intérieur de la calandre. Les tubes du faisceau sont chacun logés dans un fourreau à section hexagonale qui forme une structure en nids d'abeilles et qui s'étend sur l'essentiel de la longueur de l'échangeur. Cette structure est encombrante et délicate à mettre en place si l'échangeur est long.Otherwise, GB-A-1,117,979 discloses a heat exchanger comprising a cylindrical calender and a bundle of tubes. The bundle of tubes is wrapped in a package and the space between the package and the shell is filled with an intermediate agent cast inside the shell. The tubes of the bundle are each housed in a hexagonal section sleeve which forms a honeycomb structure and which extends over most of the length of the exchanger. This structure is bulky and difficult to set up if the heat exchanger is long.

C'est à ces inconvénients qu'entend plus particulièrement remédier l'invention en proposant un nouvel évaporateur dans lequel la circulation d'un écoulement est bien maîtrisée, cet évaporateur étant de fabrication aisée et économique et permettant de limiter l'inhomogénéité de la montée en température du fluide traversant le faisceau tubulaire.It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new evaporator in which the circulation of a flow is well controlled, this evaporator being of easy and economical manufacture and making it possible to limit the inhomogeneity of the rise. in temperature of the fluid passing through the tubular bundle.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un évaporateur à tubes et calandre. La calandre est cylindrique et munie de deux piquages d'arrivée et de sortie de fluide. La calandre est également traversée sur sa longueur, entre deux plaques d'extrémités, par un faisceau de tubes. Conformément à l'invention, l'évaporateur comprend au moins un déflecteur, pour un écoulement circulant dans la calandre entre les piquages d'entrée et de sortie, constituée de résine polymérisée en place et remplissant un volume délimité entre, d'une part, une partie de la surface radiale interne de la calandre et, d'autre part, une surface externe du faisceau de tubes. De plus, l'évaporateur comprend des chicanes parallèles aux plaques d'extrémités et définissant entre elles un chemin de circulation de fluide entre les piquages d'arrivée et de sortie, chacune des chicanes comprenant au moins une ouverture reliant deux portions de quantité de résine polymérisée située de part et d'autre de la chicane.For this purpose, the invention relates to a tube and shell evaporator. The calender is cylindrical and provided with two inlet and outlet fluid connections. The calender is also traversed along its length, between two end plates, by a bundle of tubes. According to the invention, the evaporator comprises at least one deflector, for a flow flowing in the shell between the inlet and outlet taps, consisting of polymerized resin in place and filling a defined volume between, on the one hand, a portion of the inner radial surface of the shell and, on the other hand, an outer surface of the tube bundle. In addition, the evaporator comprises baffles parallel to the end plates and defining between them a fluid flow path between the inlet and outlet connections, each of the baffles comprising at least one opening connecting two portions of polymerized resin amount located on either side of the baffle.

Grâce à l'invention, la mise en place d'un déflecteur en résine liquide polymérisable permet une obturation efficace du volume compris entre les surfaces radiales internes haute et/ou basse de la calandre et les parties supérieure et/ou inférieure du faisceau tubulaire. Cette obturation du volume précité étant réalisée à l'aide d'une résine liquide polymérisable, elle est obtenue de manière aisée et allant au plus près des parties inférieure et/ou supérieure du faisceau de tubes, ce qui assure une bonne étanchéité et évite les fuites autour du faisceau de tubes. En outre, il n'est pas nécessaire d'avoir recours à une structure allongée en nids d'abeilles pour maintenir les tubes à l'intérieur de la calandre. La fabrication de l'évaporateur en est facilitée.Thanks to the invention, the introduction of a polymerizable liquid resin deflector allows an effective closure of the volume between the inner radial surfaces high and / or low of the calender and the upper and / or lower portions of the tubular bundle. This closure of the aforementioned volume being performed using a polymerizable liquid resin, it is obtained easily and closer to the lower and / or upper parts of the tube bundle, which ensures a good seal and avoids leaks around the tube bundle. In addition, it is not necessary to use an elongated honeycomb structure to hold the tubes inside the shell. The manufacture of the evaporator is facilitated.

Selon les aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention, un évaporateur muni d'un tel déflecteur peut inclure une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises dans toute combinaison techniquement admissible :

  • L'évaporateur comprend au moins un passage obturable reliant l'extérieur de la calandre et un volume interne de la calandre compris entre la quantité de résine polymérisée et le faisceau de tubes.
  • La quantité de résine polymérisée occupe les parties haute et basse de la calandre comprises entre la surface intérieure de la calandre et le faisceau de tubes.
According to the advantageous but not obligatory aspects of the invention, an evaporator provided with such a deflector may include one or more of the following features, taken in any technically permissible combination:
  • The evaporator comprises at least one closable passage connecting the outside of the shell and an inner volume of the shell between the amount of polymerized resin and the bundle of tubes.
  • The amount of polymerized resin occupies the upper and lower portions of the shell between the inner surface of the shell and the bundle of tubes.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un évaporateur tel que précédemment décrit et, plus spécifiquement, un procédé qui comprend des étapes consistant à :

  1. a) - installer l'évaporateur avec un axe central de la calandre horizontal,
  2. b) - remplir un volume délimité, entre, d'une part, une partie de la surface radiale interne de la calandre située en dessous du faisceau de tubes et, d'autre part, une partie externe inférieure du faisceau de tubes, avec une résine polymérisable et liquide,
  3. c) - faire polymériser la résine.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an evaporator as previously described and, more specifically, to a method which comprises the steps of:
  1. a) - install the evaporator with a central axis of the horizontal grille,
  2. b) - fill a defined volume, between, on the one hand, a portion of the inner radial surface of the shell located below the bundle of tubes and, on the other hand, a lower outer portion of the bundle of tubes, with a polymerizable and liquid resin,
  3. c) - polymerize the resin.

De plus, l'écoulement de la résine à l'état liquide sur la surface de la calandre a lieu à travers des ouvertures traversant des chicanes parallèles aux plaques d'extrémité.In addition, the flow of resin in the liquid state on the calender surface takes place through openings passing through baffles parallel to the end plates.

Selon d'autres aspects avantageux de l'invention, un tel procédé comprend une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toute combinaison techniquement admissible :

  • Le procédé contient une étape supplémentaire d) consistant à retourner de 180° la calandre autour de son axe central et les étapes a) à c) sont à nouveau mises en oeuvre après l'étape d).
  • Après la polymérisation de la résine, au moins un passage obturable est créé pour assurer une purge du contenu de la calandre vers le milieu extérieur.
  • L'introduction de la résine polymérisable et liquide dans la calandre a lieu avant la mise en place du faisceau de tubes dans la calandre.
According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, such a method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically permissible combination:
  • The method contains an additional step d) of returning the calender about 180 ° about its central axis and steps a) to c) are again carried out after step d).
  • After polymerization of the resin, at least one closable passage is created to purge the contents of the calender to the outside environment.
  • The introduction of the polymerizable and liquid resin into the calender takes place before the introduction of the tube bundle into the shell.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation d'un évaporateur tubulaire conforme à son principe, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec arrachement partiel d'un évaporateur conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale selon le plan II à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une coupe longitudinale selon le plan III à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est une coupe transversale à plus grande échelle selon le plan IV à la figure 1 vue dans le sens de la flèche F1 ;
  • la figure 5 est un agrandissement du détail V à la figure 1 représentant, entre autres, un bouchon de purge mis en place sur la calandre.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of an embodiment of a tubular evaporator according to its principle, given solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view partially broken away of an evaporator according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a longitudinal section along the plane II to the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a longitudinal section according to plane III at figure 1 ;
  • the figure 4 is a cross-section on a larger scale according to plane IV to the figure 1 view in the direction of arrow F1;
  • the figure 5 is an enlargement of detail V to the figure 1 representing, among others, a purge plug placed on the calender.

La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un évaporateur 2 muni de deux déflecteurs 14inf, 14sup en résine polymérisée. Chacun de ces déflecteurs 14inf, 14sup comporte respectivement N tronçons 14inf1, ..., 14infN et 14sup1, ..., 14supN. L'évaporateur 2 comprend une calandre 4 comprenant deux plaques d'extrémité 42, 44 et une virole centrale cylindrique 46.The figure 1 is a perspective view of an evaporator 2 provided with two deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup polymerized resin. Each of these deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup respectively comprises N sections 14 inf1 , ..., 14 infN and 14 sup1 , ..., 14 supN . The evaporator 2 comprises a shell 4 comprising two end plates 42, 44 and a central cylindrical shell 46.

La virole 46 de la calandre 4 est munie de deux piquages d'entrée 8a et de sortie 8b d'un fluide, tel que de l'eau pure ou mélangée à du mono-éthylène glycol ou du mono-propylène glycol. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, ces piquages sont situés sur un même flanc de la virole 46. A la figure 1, la virole est représentée en partie arrachée pour visualiser l'intérieur de l'évaporateur 2. De même, deux tronçons des déflecteurs 14inf, 14sup, qui sont localisés dans le cinquième compartiment de la calandre à partir de la gauche de la figure 1, ne sont pas représentés pour une meilleure visualisation de l'intérieur de l'évaporateur 2.The ferrule 46 of the calender 4 is provided with two inlet 8a and 8b outlet of a fluid, such as pure water or mixed with mono-ethylene glycol or mono-propylene glycol. In the example of the figure 1 these connections are located on the same flank of the shell 46. At the figure 1 , the ferrule is shown partly broken away to view the inside of the evaporator 2. Similarly, two sections of the deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup , which are located in the fifth compartment of the calender from the left of the figure 1 , are not shown for a better visualization of the interior of the evaporator 2.

La calandre 4 comprend également, sur sa longueur, des chicanes 12, parallèles aux plaques d'extrémité 42 et 44. Elles délimitent un chemin de circulation de fluide entre les deux piquages 8a, 8b, comme représenté par les flèches d'écoulement E à la figure 3.The calender 4 also comprises, along its length, baffles 12, parallel to the end plates 42 and 44. They delimit a fluid circulation path between the two connections 8a, 8b, as represented by the flow arrows E to the figure 3 .

On note X4 un axe longitudinal et central de la calandre 4. Cet axe est l'axe central de la virole 46.X4 is a longitudinal and central axis of the calender 4. This axis is the central axis of the ferrule 46.

La calandre 4 est traversée d'une extrémité à l'autre par un faisceau 100 à section rectangulaire et composé de tubes 10 mis en place dans la calandre 4. Ce faisceau 100 traverse également chacune des chicanes 12 en place à l'intérieur de la calandre. On note S100inf et S100sup les surfaces inférieure et supérieure du faisceau 10, c'est-à-dire des surfaces planes imaginaires tangentes aux tubes 10 respectivement sur le dessus et sur le dessous du faisceau 100 lorsque l'évaporateur est en configuration d'utilisation.The calender 4 is crossed from one end to the other by a beam 100 of rectangular section and composed of tubes 10 placed in the calender 4. This beam 100 also passes through each of the baffles 12 in place inside the grille. The lower and upper surfaces of the beam 10, that is to say the imaginary planar surfaces tangential to the tubes 10 respectively on the top and on the underside of the beam 100, are noted S100 inf and S100 sup while the evaporator is in the configuration of FIG. 'use.

Pour la clarté du dessin, le faisceau 100 est représenté en entier uniquement sur la gauche des figures 1 à 3, seul un tube 10 est représenté sur la droite de ces figures et les surfaces S100inf et S100sup sont repérées par leurs traces dans les plans des figures 1, 2 et 4. Des tirants 13 relient les chicanes 12 entre elles et sont plus particulièrement visibles sur la droite des figures 1 à 3.For clarity of the drawing, the beam 100 is shown in full only on the left of Figures 1 to 3 , only a tube 10 is shown on the right of these figures and the surfaces S100 inf and S100 sup are marked by their traces in the planes of the figures 1 , 2 and 4 . Tie rods 13 connect the baffles 12 to each other and are more particularly visible on the right of the Figures 1 to 3 .

Les plaques d'extrémité 42 et 44 définissent respectivement une chambre de distribution 442 et une chambre de collecte 424 aménagées par usinage des plaques d'extrémités. La chambre 422 est reliée à l'extérieur de l'évaporateur 2 par deux piquages 424 et 426. De la même façon, la chambre 442 est reliée à l'extérieur de l'évaporateur 2 par deux piquages 444 et 446. Il est ainsi possible de faire circuler dans les tubes 10 du faisceau 100 un fluide frigorigène en l'introduisant dans la chambre 442 par les piquages 444 et 446, comme représenté par la flèche F1, en le répartissant vers les différents tubes au sein de cette chambre, puis en le récupérant dans la chambre 422 et en l'évacuant vers l'extérieur à travers les piquages 424 et 426, comme représenté par les flèches F2. Ce fluide frigorigène peut être, par exemple, de type R-134a, c'est-à-dire du tétrafluoroéthane, ou encore de type R-410a, c'est-à-dire un mélange de pentafluoroéthane et de difluorométhane. On note S46 la surface radiale interne de la virole 46. On note S46inf la partie de la surface S46 située en dessous de la surface S100inf en configuration d'utilisation de l'évaporateur 2. De même, on note S46sup la partie de la surface S46 située au dessus de la surface S100sup en configuration d'utilisation de l'évaporateur.The end plates 42 and 44 respectively define a distribution chamber 442 and a collection chamber 424 made by machining the end plates. The chamber 422 is connected to the outside of the evaporator 2 by two taps 424 and 426. In the same way, the chamber 442 is connected to the outside of the evaporator 2 by two taps 444 and 446. It is thus possible to circulate in the tubes 10 of the beam 100 a refrigerant by introducing it into the chamber 442 by the connections 444 and 446, as represented by the arrow F1, by distributing it to the different tubes within this chamber, then by recovering it in the chamber 422 and discharging it outwards through the connections 424 and 426, as represented by the arrows F2. This refrigerant may be, for example, R-134a type, that is to say tetrafluoroethane, or R-410a type, that is to say a mixture of pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane. S46 denotes the inner radial surface of ferrule 46. S46 inf denotes the portion of surface S46 located below surface S100 inf in the configuration of use of evaporator 2. Similarly, S46 sup of the surface S46 located above the surface S100 sup in the configuration of use of the evaporator.

Comme visible à la figure 3, le chemin de circulation du fluide entre les chicanes 12 est en partie perpendiculaire au chemin de circulation de fluide dans les tubes du faisceau 100. L'évaporateur 2 diffère donc de l'échangeur de chaleur de GB-A-1 117 979 dans la mesure où, dans ce document, les fluides circulent de manière parallèle l'un par rapport à l'autre.As visible at figure 3 the flow path of the fluid between the baffles 12 is partly perpendicular to the fluid flow path in the tubes of the bundle 100. The evaporator 2 thus differs from the heat exchanger of the GB-A-1,117,979 insofar as, in this document, the fluids circulate in parallel manner with respect to each other.

Un premier déflecteur 14inf en résine polymérisée est coulé en place entre les surfaces S42inf et S100inf. Un deuxième déflecteur 14sup en résine polymérisée est coulé en place entre les surfaces S46sup et S100sup.A first deflector 14 inf polymerized resin is cast in place between the surfaces S42 inf and S100 inf . A second deflector 14 sup polymerized resin is cast in place between the surfaces S46 sup and S100 sup .

Les chicanes 12 sont chacune pourvues d'encoches 120 ménagés dans des zones des chicanes situées au dessous et au dessus du faisceau 100 en configuration d'utilisation, au niveau de leurs bords. En variante, ces encoches peuvent être remplacées par des orifices ménagés à distance des bords 121. Ces encoches ou orifices constituent des ouvertures permettant l'écoulement de la résine non encore polymérisée.The baffles 12 are each provided with notches 120 formed in areas of the baffles located below and above the beam 100 in the configuration of use, at their edges. Alternatively, these notches may be replaced by orifices provided at a distance from the edges 121. These notches or orifices are openings allowing the flow of the resin not yet polymerized.

La résine polymérisable peut être à base d'époxyde additivé ou non.The polymerizable resin may be epoxy-based additive or not.

La résine polymérisable destinée à former les déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup est mise en place le long des parties haute et basse de la calandre 4 et, une fois polymérisée, obture les encoches 120 des chicanes 12.The polymerizable resin intended to form the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup is placed along the upper and lower parts of the calender 4 and, once polymerized, closes the notches 120 of the baffles 12.

L'évaporateur 2 comporte également deux orifices de purge 16a, 16b reliant le volume intérieur V4 de la calandre au milieu extérieur. L'un 16a, situé dans la partie haute de la calandre, est utilisé pour les purges d'air. L'autre 16b, situé dans la partie basse de la calandre, est utilisé pour les purges d'eau. En condition d'utilisation de l'évaporateur, des bouchons 18a, 18b obturent les orifices 16a, 16b.The evaporator 2 also comprises two bleed holes 16a, 16b connecting the internal volume V4 of the shell to the outside environment. One 16a, located in the upper part of the calender, is used for air purges. The other 16b, located in the lower part of the calender, is used for water purges. In condition of use of the evaporator, plugs 18a, 18b close the orifices 16a, 16b.

L'eau entre dans le piquage d'arrivée 8a puis dans un premier compartiment C1 délimité par la plaque d'extrémité 42 et une première chicane 12.The water enters the inlet nozzle 8a then into a first compartment C1 defined by the end plate 42 and a first baffle 12.

En entrant dans ce premier compartiment, l'eau entre au contact les tubes 10 du faisceau de tubes 100. Les tronçons de déflecteurs 14inf1 et 14sup1 logés dans ce premier compartiment C1 permettent d'imposer à l'eau entrant dans la calandre 4 un passage au plus près des tubes 10 du faisceau 100, assurant une meilleure homogénéité lors du transfert d'énergie calorifique entre l'eau et le fluide frigorigène contenu dans chacun des tubes 10 du faisceau 100. La résine polymérisée coulée entre le faisceau de tubes 100 et la calandre 4 forme des tronçons de déflecteurs 14inf1 et 14sup1 qui permettent d'orienter le passage du fluide au plus près des tubes 10 du faisceau 100, c'est-à-dire d'éviter des zones de circulation ne léchant pas les tubes 10 du faisceau 100. La masse de résine polymérisée participe directement au guidage du flux E à l'intérieur de la calandre 4 en étant léché par cet élément. Le transfert de chaleur entre le fluide circulant dans les tubes 10 du faisceau 100 et le fluide circulant dans le volume interne de la calandre est donc optimisé. En outre, pour assurer une répartition homogène du débit d'eau entrant dans la calandre 4, le faisceau tubulaire 100 est à section rectangulaire comme visible sur la figure 4.Upon entering the first compartment, the water comes into contact 10 of the tube bundle tubes 100. Baffle sections 14 and 14 inf1 SUP1 accommodated in the first compartment C1 allow to impose upon the water entering the calender 4 a passage closer to the tubes 10 of the bundle 100, ensuring better homogeneity during the transfer of heat energy between the water and the refrigerant contained in each of the tubes 10 of the bundle 100. The polymerized resin poured between the bundle of tubes 100 and the calender 4 forms sections of deflectors 14 inf1 and 14 sup1 which guide the passage of fluid closer to the tubes 10 of the beam 100, that is to say, to avoid traffic areas licking not the tubes 10 of the beam 100. The mass of polymerized resin directly participates in guiding the flow E inside the calender 4 being licked by this element. The heat transfer between the fluid flowing in the tubes 10 of the bundle 100 and the fluid flowing in the internal volume of the calender is optimized. In addition, to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the flow of water entering the shell 4, the tubular bundle 100 is rectangular in section as visible on the figure 4 .

Une fois l'eau entrée dans le premier compartiment C1 de la calandre, elle traverse les N-1 autres compartiments C2, ..., CN pourvus des N-1 autres tronçons de déflecteur 14inf2, ..., 14infN et 14sup2, ..., 14supN pour sortir par le piquage de sortie 8b.Once the water enters the first compartment C1 of the calender, it passes through the N-1 other compartments C2, ..., CN provided with the N-1 other sections of deflector 14 inf2 , ..., 14 infn and 14 sup2 , ..., 14 supN to exit through the output quill 8b.

Les N-1 chicanes 12 délimitant les N compartiments C1, ... CN sont disposées de sorte à ralentir le passage de l'eau traversant chacun de ces compartiments, ceci afin de favoriser l'échange de chaleur entre l'eau traversant la calandre 4 et le fluide frigorigène contenu dans les tubes 10 du faisceau 100.The N-1 baffles 12 delimiting the N compartments C1, ... CN are arranged so as to slow the passage of the water passing through each of these compartments, in order to promote the heat exchange between the water passing through the shell 4 and the refrigerant contained in the tubes 10 of the beam 100.

Selon une variante non représentée de l'invention, le fluide frigorigène et l'eau peuvent circuler dans le sens inverse de celui représenté sur les figures par les flèches F1, F2, E1 et E2. Ainsi, le fluide frigorigène peut circuler de la plaque d'extrémité 42 à la plaque d'extrémité 44 tandis que l'eau peut circuler du piquage 8b vers le piquage 8a.According to a variant not shown of the invention, the refrigerant and water can flow in the opposite direction to that shown in the figures by the arrows F1, F2, E1 and E2. Thus, the refrigerant can flow from the end plate 42 to the end plate 44 while water can flow from the stitch 8b to the stitching 8a.

Le procédé de mise en place de la résine dans les parties haute et basse de la calandre se fait en plusieurs étapes. On décrit dans les étapes qui suivent un mode de mise en place des déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup dans la calandre 4.The method of placing the resin in the upper and lower parts of the shell is in several stages. The following steps describe a mode of introduction of the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup in the calender 4.

Une première étape a), consiste à installer l'évaporateur 2 avec l'axe central X4 de la calandre horizontal, le faisceau 100 déjà en place dans la calandre étant orienté comme lors de l'utilisation de l'évaporateur 2 afin de préparer le remplissage de la portion inférieure du volume V4.A first step a), consists of installing the evaporator 2 with the central axis X4 of the horizontal grille, the beam 100 already in place in the shell being oriented as when using the evaporator 2 in order to prepare the filling the lower portion of the volume V4.

Une deuxième étape b) consiste à remplir une partie du volume délimitée entre, d'une part, la surface radiale interne inférieure S46inf de la virole 46 située en dessous du faisceau 100 et, d'autre part, la surface inférieure S100inf du faisceau de tubes 100, avec une quantité adaptée de résine polymérisable à l'état liquide. Sous l'effet de la gravité, la résine se répartit sur le fond de la virole 46 pour combler au mieux le volume entre le fond de la virole et le faisceau de tubes 100.A second step b) comprises filling a part of the volume delimited between, firstly, the radially inner bottom surface S46 of the lower ring 46 located below the beam 100 and, on the other hand, the lower surface of S100 inf tube bundle 100, with a suitable quantity of polymerizable resin in the liquid state. Under the effect of gravity, the resin is distributed on the bottom of the ferrule 46 to best fill the volume between the bottom of the ferrule and the bundle of tubes 100.

Dans cette étape, la résine liquide est injectée dans le volume V4 à travers l'un ou l'autre des piquages 8a, 8b.In this step, the liquid resin is injected into the volume V4 through one or other of the connections 8a, 8b.

Une fois la résine injectée, celle-ci s'étale le long de la surface radiale interne de la calandre en s'établissant dans le fond de chaque compartiment C1, ..., CN grâce aux encoches 120 des chicanes 12.Once the resin has been injected, it spreads along the inner radial surface of the shell and settles in the bottom of each compartment C1,..., CN thanks to the notches 120 of the baffles 12.

Une troisième étape c) consiste à faire polymériser la résine. Cette polymérisation se fait, par exemple, à température ambiante et par ajout d'un agent durcisseur à la résine avant son introduction dans la calandre. En variante, cette polymérisation peut se réaliser par chauffage de la résine introduite.A third step c) is to polymerize the resin. This polymerization is carried out, for example, at room temperature and by adding a curing agent to the resin before it is introduced into the shell. Alternatively, this polymerization can be carried out by heating the resin introduced.

Au terme de cette étape, la quantité de résine durcie en place forme un déflecteur inférieur 14inf et obture chacune des encoches 120 des chicanes 12. Cette obturation contribue à l'étanchéité complète de l'évaporateur 2.At the end of this step, the amount of resin cured in place forms a lower baffle 14 inf and closes each of the notches 120 of the baffles 12. This closure contributes to the complete sealing of the evaporator 2.

Une quatrième étape d) consiste à retourner de 180° la calandre 4 autour de son axe central X4 afin de préparer le remplissage d'une deuxième partie du volume V4 précédemment située dans la partie supérieure de la calandre et définie entre les surfaces S46sup et S100sup. Les cinquième et sixième étapes sont similaires aux deuxième et troisième étapes b), c) et consistent au remplissage de cette deuxième partie du volume V4 avec la résine polymérisable à l'état liquide à travers l'un ou l'autre des piquages 8a, 8b et les encoches 120 des chicanes 12, puis à la polymérisation de cette résine pour constituer le déflecteur supérieur 14sup comprenant les N tronçons 14sup1, ..., 14supN.A fourth step d) consists in turning the shell 4 about 180 ° about its central axis X4 in order to prepare the filling of a second part of the volume V4 previously located in the upper part of the shell and defined between the surfaces S46 sup and S100 sup . The fifth and sixth steps are similar to the second and third steps b), c) and consist in filling this second part of the volume V4 with the polymerizable resin in the liquid state through one or other of the connections 8a, 8b and the notches 120 of the baffles 12, then the polymerization of this resin to form the upper baffle 14 sup comprising the N sections 14 sup1 , ..., 14 supN .

Une septième et dernière étape consiste, une fois la résine polymérisée en place, au perçage des passages de purges 16a, 16b à travers la virole 46 et les déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup et à leur obturation par des bouchons 18a, 18b. Ces orifices débouchent juste au niveau de la résine polymérisée, comme visible sur la figure 5.A seventh and last step consists, once the polymerized resin is in place, to pierce the purge passages 16a, 16b through the ferrule 46 and the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup and to their closure by plugs 18a, 18b. These openings open just at the level of the polymerized resin, as visible on the figure 5 .

En variante, la mise en place des déflecteurs 14inf, 14sup en résine polymérisable peut se faire avant que le faisceau 100 de tubes 10 ne soit inséré dans la calandre 4. Dans ce cas, après coulage en place des déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup, une extrémité du faisceau 100 est mise en place sur l'une des plaques d'extrémité, par exemple 42, puis le faisceau 100 est inséré le long de la calandre 4, entre les déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup, de manière à ce que l'autre extrémité du faisceau 100 se mette en place sur la plaque d'extrémité opposée 44.Cette variante avec mise en place du faisceau 100 après la mise en place des déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup n'est possible que lorsque l'évaporateur 2 comprend un faisceau 100 rectiligne. Dans le cas d'un faisceau 100 en forme de « U », la mise en place des déflecteurs se fait uniquement après la mise en place du faisceau 100 dans la calandre 4 de l'évaporateur 2.Alternatively, the introduction of deflectors 14 inf , 14 sup polymerizable resin can be done before the bundle 100 of tubes 10 is inserted into the calender 4. In this case, after casting in place the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup , one end of the beam 100 is placed on one of the end plates, for example 42, then the beam 100 is inserted along the calender 4, between the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup , so as to the other end of the beam 100 is put in place on the opposite end plate 44. This variant with implementation of the beam 100 after the introduction of the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup is possible only when the evaporator 2 comprises a rectilinear beam 100. In the case of a beam 100 in the shape of a "U", the introduction of the deflectors is only after the introduction of the beam 100 in the shell 4 of the evaporator 2.

Une fois les déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup et le faisceau 100 mis en place, l'eau peut circuler du piquage d'arrivée 8a au piquage de sortie 8b, à travers chacun des N compartiments C1, ... CN en étant au plus proche du faisceau tubulaire 100.Once the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup and the beam 100 set up, the water can flow from the inlet nozzle 8a to the outlet nozzle 8b, through each of the N compartments C1, ... CN being at most close to the tubular bundle 100.

La mise en place des déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup impose une circulation de l'eau dans la calandre 4 au plus proche des tubes 10 du faisceau 100, permettant ainsi de favoriser une montée en température homogène du fluide frigorigène dans chacun des tubes 10.The introduction of the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup imposes a circulation of water in the calender 4 to the nearest tubes 10 of the beam 100, thus promoting a homogeneous rise in temperature of the refrigerant in each of the tubes 10.

La résine polymérisée maintient les chicanes 12 qui ne peuvent plus bouger. L'ensemble composé par les chicanes 12 et la calandre 4, appelé aussi squelette, est rigidifié par la résine formant les déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup. Ainsi, la résine participe à la réduction de vibrations parasites qui apparaissent sous l'effet de la circulation de l'eau.The polymerized resin maintains the baffles 12 which can not move. The assembly composed by the baffles 12 and the shell 4, also called skeleton, is stiffened by the resin forming the deflectors 14 inf and 14 sup . Thus, the resin participates in the reduction of parasitic vibrations which appear under the effect of the circulation of water.

Cette solution technique permet de réaliser la fonction du déflecteur de manière à contrôler l'écoulement de l'eau dans la calandre sans joint ni tôle soudée. De plus elle s'adapte à tous les types de calandres puisque le procédé consistant à l'introduction de la résine repose sur la mise à niveau d'une surface liquide sous l'effet de la gravité. On peut donc généraliser ce procédé à tout type de calandre 4, la méthode étant la même pour toutes les tailles.This technical solution makes it possible to perform the function of the baffle so as to control the flow of water into the shell without welded seam or sheet. In addition it adapts to all types of calenders since the process of introducing the resin is based on the leveling of a liquid surface under the effect of gravity. We can generalize this process to any type of calender 4, the method being the same for all sizes.

En outre l'utilisation de la résine est compatible avec l'eau glycolée et la résine ne se dégrade pas.In addition, the use of the resin is compatible with the brine and the resin does not degrade.

Dans une autre variante, l'introduction de la résine se fait par deux piquages non représentés sur les figures et similaires aux orifices de purge 16a, 16b. Ces piquages sont situés à 90° des orifices de purge 16a, 16b et relient l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la calandre 4 au niveau des déflecteurs 14inf et 14sup.In another variant, the introduction of the resin is by two connections not shown in the figures and similar to the bleed holes 16a, 16b. These nozzles are located at 90 ° from the scavenging ports 16a, 16b and connect the interior and exterior of the shell 4 at the level of the baffles 14 and 14 sup inf.

Les caractéristiques techniques des modes de réalisation et variantes envisagés ci-dessus peuvent être combinées entre elles.The technical characteristics of the embodiments and variants envisaged above can be combined with each other.

Claims (7)

Evaporateur (2) à tubes (10) et calandre (4), la calandre étant cylindrique et munie de deux piquages d'arrivée (8a) et de sortie (8b) de fluide dans la calandre, la calandre étant également traversée sur sa longueur, entre deux plaques d'extrémité (42, 44), par un faisceau (100) de tubes (10), caractérisé en ce que - au moins un déflecteur (14inf, 14sup) pour un écoulement circulant dans la calandre (4) entre les piquages (8a, 8b) est constitué par une quantité de résine polymérisée en place et remplissant un volume délimité entre, d'une part, une partie (S46inf, S46sup) de la surface radiale interne de la calandre et, d'autre part, une surface externe (S100inf, S100sup) du faisceau de tubes (100), - l'évaporateur comprend des chicanes (12) parallèles aux plaques d'extrémités (42, 44) et définissant entre elles un chemin de circulation de fluide entre les piquages d'arrivée (8a) et de sortie (8b), chacune des chicanes comprenant au moins une ouverture (120) reliant deux portions (14inf1, 14inf2,...14infN, 14sup1, 14sup2,... 14supN) de la quantité de résine polymérisée située de part et d'autre de la chicane (12). Evaporator (2) with tubes (10) and calender (4), the calender being cylindrical and provided with two inlet connections (8a) and outlet (8b) of fluid in the shell, the shell also being traversed along its length between two end plates (42, 44) by a bundle (100) of tubes (10), characterized in that - At least one deflector (14 inf , 14 sup ) for a flow flowing in the calender (4) between the taps (8a, 8b) is constituted by a quantity of polymerized resin in place and filling a volume delimited between, a a part (S46 inf , S46 sup ) of the inner radial surface of the shell and, on the other hand, an outer surface (S100 inf , S100 sup ) of the tube bundle (100), the evaporator comprises baffles (12) parallel to the end plates (42, 44) and defining between them a fluid circulation path between the arrival (8a) and outlet (8b) connections, each of the baffles comprising at least one opening (120) connecting two portions (14 inf 1, 14 inf 2, ... 14 inf N, 14 sup 1, 14 sup 2, ... 14 sup N) of the amount of polymerized resin located from on both sides of the chicane (12). Evaporateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un passage obturable (16a, 16b) reliant l'extérieur de la calandre (4) et un volume interne de la calandre compris entre la quantité de résine polymérisée (14inf, 14sup) et le faisceau de tubes (100).Evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one closable passage (16a, 16b) connecting the outside of the shell (4) and an inner volume of the shell between the amount of polymerized resin (14 inf , 14 sup ) and the tube bundle (100). Evaporateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la quantité de résine polymérisée (14inf, 14sup) occupe tout le volume des parties hautes et basses de la calandre compris entre la surface intérieure (S46inf, S62sup) de la calandre et le faisceau de tube (100).Evaporator according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the amount of polymerized resin (14 inf, sup 14) occupies the entire volume of the upper and lower parts of the shell between the inner surface (lower S46, S62 sup) of the grille and the tube bundle (100). Procédé de fabrication d'un évaporateur (2) à tubes (10) et calandre (4), la calandre étant cylindrique et munie de deux piquages d'arrivée (8a) et de sortie (8b) de fluide dans la calandre, la calandre (4) étant également traversée sur sa longueur, entre deux plaques d'extrémité (42, 44), par un faisceau (100) de tubes (10), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des étapes consistant à : a) - installer l'évaporateur avec un axe central (X4) de la calandre horizontal, b) - remplir un volume délimité entre, d'une part, une partie (S46inf) de la surface radiale interne (S46) de la calandre située en dessous du faisceau de tubes(100) et, d'autre part, une surface externe inférieure (S100inf) du faisceau de tubes, avec une résine polymérisable et liquide, c) - faire polymériser la résine et en ce que l'écoulement de la résine à l'état liquide sur la surface de la calandre a lieu à travers des ouvertures (120) traversant des chicanes (12) parallèles aux plaques d'extrémité (42, 44).Process for manufacturing an evaporator (2) with tubes (10) and a shell (4), the shell being cylindrical and provided with two inlet (8a) and outlet (8b) fluid connections in the shell, the shell (4) being also traversed along its length, between two end plates (42, 44), by a bundle (100) of tubes (10), characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) - install the evaporator with a central axis (X4) of the horizontal grille, b) - filling a defined volume between, on the one hand, a part (S46 inf ) of the inner radial surface (S46) of the shell located below the bundle of tubes (100) and, on the other hand, a surface lower outer (S100 inf ) of the tube bundle, with a polymerizable and liquid resin, c) - polymerize the resin and in that the flow of the resin in the liquid state on the calender surface takes place through openings (120) passing through baffles (12) parallel to the end plates (42, 44). Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape supplémentaire consistant à : d) - retourner de 180° la calandre autour de son axe central, et en ce que les étapes a) à c) sont à nouveau mises en oeuvre après l'étape d).Method according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a further step consisting of: d) - turn the grille around 180 ° around its central axis, and in that steps a) to c) are again carried out after step d). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que, après la polymérisation de la résine, au moins un passage obturable (16a, 16b) est créé pour assurer une purge du contenu de la calandre (4) vers le milieu l'extérieur.Method according to one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that after polymerization of the resin, at least one closable passage (16a, 16b) is created to ensure purging of the contents of the calender (4) to the medium outside. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'introduction de résine polymérisable et liquide dans la calandre (4) a lieu avant la mise en place du faisceau de tubes (100) dans la calandre.Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the introduction of polymerizable and liquid resin in the calender (4) takes place before the introduction of the bundle of tubes (100) in the calender.
EP13189089.9A 2012-10-18 2013-10-17 Tube-type evaporator and method for producing a tube-type evaporator Active EP2722615B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1259945A FR2997174B1 (en) 2012-10-18 2012-10-18 TUBE EVAPORATOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EVAPORATOR

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105953629A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-09-21 四川同达博尔置业有限公司 Heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3024218B1 (en) 2014-07-28 2019-05-24 Carrier Corporation INTAKE DISPENSER FOR EVAPORATOR, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH DISPENSER, EVAPORATOR COMPRISING SUCH DIFFUSER, AND DIPHASIC HEAT PUMP THERMAL INSTALLATION

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GB1117979A (en) 1965-12-31 1968-06-26 Sulzer Ag Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers
DE29622411U1 (en) * 1996-12-24 1997-02-13 Behr Gmbh & Co Heat exchangers, in particular exhaust gas heat exchangers
WO1999031452A1 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-24 York International Corporation Counterflow evaporator for refrigerants
CN202048727U (en) * 2011-04-26 2011-11-23 佛山市顺德区金舵空调冷冻设备有限公司 Dry evaporator of spiral baffle plate

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1117979A (en) 1965-12-31 1968-06-26 Sulzer Ag Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers
DE29622411U1 (en) * 1996-12-24 1997-02-13 Behr Gmbh & Co Heat exchangers, in particular exhaust gas heat exchangers
WO1999031452A1 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-24 York International Corporation Counterflow evaporator for refrigerants
CN202048727U (en) * 2011-04-26 2011-11-23 佛山市顺德区金舵空调冷冻设备有限公司 Dry evaporator of spiral baffle plate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105953629A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-09-21 四川同达博尔置业有限公司 Heat exchanger

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ES2560038T3 (en) 2016-02-17
EP2722615B1 (en) 2015-12-23
FR2997174A1 (en) 2014-04-25
FR2997174B1 (en) 2015-10-30

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